kohima district human development report

7/31/2019 KOHIMA District Human Development Report

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L m L r O

^xbc`tmhl bp L ~ | | k l D l |Keqhrg hg| ea Giki igl

A`rt| ^xb `t hl : 2>99

^r`dh : n 92>>

L ~ | | k l D l |Keqhrg hg| ea Giki igl

I r`k |t rhthrqhl' Ge ~ir| ea | `t ~xb `di|èg ip bh rh~relxdhl# t|erhl er |rigt `||hl `g igp aerer bp igp higt {`| ex| | h ~rèr ~hr `ttèg are | h ~xb `t hrt'

[m`ch hqhrp dirh mit bhhg |iohg |e ~rhthg| iddxri|h li|i# eqhrt`km|t fip miqh eddxrhl'^chith degqhp hrrert# à igp |e |mh Lh~ir|fhg| ea ^cigg`gk igl Deerl`gi|èg# Keqhrgfhg| ea Gikicigl

Lht`kghl# \p~th| igl ^r`g|hl bp r {erot GikiciGl|f


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-G@Om@c OXfIR

kEQHRGERGIkICIGL# OEm`fI

G@Om@c OXfIR

Fhttikh

Giki igl `t egh ea | h T|i|ht# ` ~ h hg|`gk | h KE@ & XGL^ ~rejhd| T|rhgk| hg`gk

T|i|h ^ igt aer mx ig Lhqh e~ hg|' [`| | h tx~~er| ea KE@ & XGL^# | h T|i|hKeqhrg hg| it ~rh~irhl | h mx ig Lhqh e~ hg| Rh~er| aer Oe ` i'

\ h L`t|r`d| mx ig Lhqh e~ hg| Rh~er|# Oe ` i it di~|xrhl | h yxi `|p ea àh igl|mh t|i|xt ea lhc`qhrp ea ~xbc`d thrq`dht i| |mh l`t|r`d| chqhc lht~`|h li|i lh d`hgdp'\mh rh~er| mit filh ig i||hf~| |e `lhg|àp ki~t er `gl`di|ert ea lh d`hgdp# |mhrhbpt`kgic`gk irhit {m`dm rhyx`rh t~hd` d ~ec`dp i||hg|èg' @ if txrh |mi| |m`t ledxfhg|{` ge| eg p ~req`lh | h ghdhttirp `gaer i|èg rhyx`rhl aer xglhrt|igl`gk | h ~rhthg|

t|i|xt ea igp it~hd|t ea tedè hdege `d lhqh e~ hg| ea ~he~ h bx| {ex l i teh ~ `g ~req`l`gk `g~x|t aer lhq`t`gk ax|xrh t|ri|hk`ht aer lhqh e~ hg| ~ igg`gk'

@ {ex l òh |e | igo | h XGL^ igl | h ^ igg`gk De `ttèg# Keqhrg hg| ea @glìaer br`gk`gk ex| | h Oe ` i L`t|r`d| mx ig Lhqh e~ hg| Rh~er|' @ i dhr|i`g | i| | `t~ir|ghrt `~ {` kre{ t|regkhr `g | h lipt |e de h'

Geqhfbhr 98# 2>9>


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Fhttikh

@ i i~~p |e oge{ | i| Giki igl `t egh ea | h T|i|ht `gqe qhl `g | h KE@&XGL^^rejhd|# T|rhgk| hg`gk ea T|i|h ^ igt aer mx ig Lhqh e~ hg|' Txd ~rejhd| ~req`lh

`gt`k |t `g|e | h ` ~id| ea | h `g|hrqhg|èg ~rekri ht eg | h yxi `|p ea àh ea | h~he~ch' @g ~ir|ghrtm`~ {`|m KE@&XGL^ |mh T|i|h brexkm| ex| `|t rt| T|i|h MxfigLhqhce~fhg| Rh~er| 2>>< -TMLR)' \m`t Rh~er| mit bhhg mi`chl it i t`kg` dig|ledx hg| igl it bhde h i rhahrhgdh q`tèg ledx hg| aer | h T|i|h' Igl it hgq`tikhlbp | h Keqhrg hg| ea @glì# @ i txrh | h L`t|r`d| mx ig Lhqh e~ hg| Rh~er|t {`thrqh it i q`tèg ledx hg| aer | h l`t|r`d|t'

\ h L`t|r`d| mx ig Lhqh e~ hg| Rh~er| Oe ` i itthttht igl di~|xrht | h x iglhqh e~ hg| i||i`g hg|# khglhr igl `qh ` eel `ttxht `g Oe ` i l`t|r`d|' @| i te`lhg|` ht |mh ki~t igl ~e|hg|ìct ea |mh l`t|r`d|' \mh dmi~|hr Qe`dht ea |mh ^he~ch `t|mh ex|defh ea |mh `g|hr&id|`qh thttèg {`|m t|iohmeclhrt ea |mh l`t|r`d| igl rh hd| |mhq`h{t ea | h ~he~ h'

@| `t hir|hg`gk |e oge{ | i| be| KE@ igl XGL^ irh |io`gk ohhg `g|hrht| `g | h {hbh`gk ea | h Giki ~he~ h' @ eg bh i a ea | h T|i|h Keqhrg hg| idoge{ hlkh | h`r haaer|t' @ i txrh | h L`t|r`d| mx ig Lhqh e~ hg| Rh~er|t {` thrqh `|t ~xr~eth ea ~req`l`gk | h bit`t aer | h l`t|r`d| ~ igt igl `g irghtt`gk tpghrk`ht aer l`t|r`d|

~cigg`gk' @ icte me~h `| khghri|ht ferh l`tdxttèg aer gigd`gk mxfig lhqhce~fhg|`g Giki igl `g khghri igl `g | h l`t|r`d| `g ~ir|`dx ir'

Dm`HA f`G`T\HRGIkICIGL# OEm`fI

GH@^m@X R@E

-GH@^m@X R@EEd|ebhr 28# 2>9>


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Fhttikh

\ h kei ea i lhqh e~ hg|i ~ igg`gk `t {h bh`gk ea | h x ig bh`gk' Igl t|i|xt ea lhqh e~ hg| `g | h tedì igl `qh ` eel thd|ert igl `|t ` ~id| eg yxi `|p ea àh dig bh

itthtthl | rexk mx ig Lhqh e~ hg| Rh~er|t'

\ h L`t|r`d| mx ig Lhqh e~ hg| Rh~er|# Oe ` i# ioht i rhi `t|`d itthtt hg| ea | h t|i|h ea lhqh e~ hg| igl `|t ` ~id| eg | h ~he~ h q`t&&q`t | h `gqht| hg| ilh'@| `lhg|` ht |mh `gt|`|x|ègic t|rhgk|mt igl {hioghttht igl `gl`di|ht |mh {ip aer{irlaer ` ~req`gk | h yxi `|p ea àh ea | h ~he~ h' \ h Rh~er| {` e~hax p bh i t|regk |eeaer ~ igg`gk igl {` ke i egk {ip `g hgib `gk ~rèr`|`zi|èg ea x ig lhqh e~ hg|`ttxht `g | h l`t|r`d|' @| {ex l h ~ `g rhitthtt`gk exr `gqht| hg| t|ri|hkp'

@ {ex l òh |e ~ idh eg rhderl p i~~rhdì|èg ea | h Xg`|hl Gi|èg Lhqh e~ hg|^rekri h igl | h ^ igg`gk De `ttèg# Keqhrg hg| ea @glì aer iq`gk |iohg| h `g`|ì|`qh |e ` ~ h hg| | `t ~rekri h `g | h T|i|h' \ h idilh ì# GKEt# D`q`Ted`h|`ht ea Oem`fi L`t|r`d|# h}~hr|t aref ex|t`lh |mh Keqhrgfhg| igl ea dìct ea |mhKeqhrg hg| ea Giki igl lhthrqh hg|èg aer ~x||`gk |ekh| hr | h`r de hd|`qh haaer|t |ebr`gk ex| | `t ~xb `di|èg' @ le e~h | i| | h LmLR Oe ` i {` rher`hg| exr lhqh e~ hg|t|ri|hkp `g i erh hig`gkax {ip |e ` ~reqh | h yxi `|p ea àh `g | h l`t|r`d|'

f`G`T\HR~CIGG`Gk ! DE&ERL`GI\ÈG

GIkICIGL# OEm`fI

\' R' ZHc@IGK

-\' R' ZHc@IGKEd|ebhr 20# 2>9>


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Fhttikh

[mhg |mh rt| Gikicigl T|i|h Mxfig Lhqhce~fhg| Rh~er| {it brexkm| ex| `g 2>>9>


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}


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^rhAidh@ ~ h hg|`gk | h L`t|r`d| mx ig Lhqh e~ hg| Rh~er|t -LmLRt aer | h T|i|h ea Gikicigl t i lixg|`gk |ito' Exr rt| |ito {it |e ~`do |mh |mrhh l`t|r`d|t |e bh deqhrhl'

@g | h d e`dh ea | hth l`t|r`d|t aer { `d LmLRt irh |e bh ` ~ h hg|hl {h lhd`lhl |ebith exr lhd`t`eg eg | h aerhrxgghr |e | `t rh~er|# | h T|i|h mx ig Lhqh e~ hg| aer Giki igl# 2>>>0 i ai`r p irkh bx| tpt|h i|`d rigle ti ~ h txrqhp deqhr`gk ibex|;


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ibbrhqì|ègt

IBc : Id|`q`|p Bithl chirg`gk I@LT : Idyx`rhl @ffxge Lh d`hgdp Tpglrefh

IGD : Ig|hgi|i D hdo&x~ IGf : Ix}` ìrp Gxrt`gk igl f`l&{àhrp I^fD : Ikr`dx |xri ^relxdh firoh|`gk De `||hht IR\ : Ig|` Rh|re&Q`ri \ hri~p IR[T^ : Iddh hri|hl Rxri [i|hr Tx~~ p ^rekri h IT : I |hrgi|`qh Td ee `gk ITHR : Iggxi T|i|xt ea Hlxdi|èg Rh~er| ITmIt : Iddrhl`|hl Tedì mhi | Id|`q`t|t I\fI : Ikr`dx |xri \hd ge ekp figikh hg| IkhgdpB'Hl : Bid h er ea Hlxdi|èg

B^c : Bh e{ êqhr|p c`ghDIc : De ~x|hr I`lhl chirg`gkDHLI[ : Degqhg|èg |e H ` `gi|h I Aer t ea L`tdr` `gi|èg Iki`gt| [e hgDmD : De xg`|p mhi | Dhg|rhD@D : De xg`|p @gaer i|èg Dhg|rhDfH : Deg|`gx`gk fhl`di Hlxdi|ègD^\H : Dhr|` di|h aer ^r`firp \hidmhrt Hlxdi|ègDTD : De xg`|p Thrq`dh Dhg|rhLHE : L`t|r`d| Hlxdi|èg Ea dhr LmLR : L`t|r`d| mx ig Lhqh e~ hg| Rh~er|LD : Lh~x|p De `ttèghr L@H\ : L`t|r`d| @gt|`|x|h ea Hlxdi|èg igl \ri`g`gkLGB : L`~ e i|h `g Gi|ègi BeirlL@TH : L`t|r`d| @gaer i|èg Tpt|h eg Hlxdi|ègLfI : L`t|r`d| f`ttèg Ix| er`|pL[Tf : L`t|r`d| [i|hr igl Tig`|i|èg figikh hg|HI : Hg|rh~rhghxrt Ittedì|htHBRDt : Hlxdi|ègi B edo Rhtexrdh Dhg|rhtHKT : Hlxdi|èg Kxirig|hh Td h hH@ : H hd|r`d`|p @glh}ARX : A`rt| Rhahrri Xg`|KIL : Khglhr igl Lhqh e~ hg|KHR : Krett Hgre hg| Ri|èKL@ : Khglhr Lhqh e~ hg| @glh}KLc : L`q`tèg ea cibexr KL^ : Krett Le ht|`d ^relxd|KfT : Keqhrg hg| f`ll h Td eeKGf : Khghri Gxrt`gk igl f`l&{àhrpKÔ : Keqhrg hg| ê p|hd g`d Oe ` iK^T : Keqhrg hg| ^r` irp Td eeKTL^ : Krett T|i|h Le ht|`d ^relxd|mBH : me h Bithl Hlxdi|èg

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deg|hg|t Fhttikht ```

Aerh{erl }`

Idoge{chlkhfhg| }``` ^rhaidh }q Ibbrhqì|ègt }`}

t 9 ^ 9 2>

Dmi~|hr 9 Oem`fi I ^re ch 4

t 2 h f c ` 29 11

Dmi~|hr 2 Ikr`dxc|xrh 2

Dmi~|hr ; Hlxdi|èg 01 Dmi~|hr = Khglhr @ttxht 991 Dmi~|hr 0 @garit|rxd|xrh igl Degghd|`q`|p 941

t 8 h f d 989 911

Dmi~|hr 9> Aerht|t igl Gi|xric Rhtexrdht 98

Dmi~|hr 99 Qe`dht ea |mh ^he~ch 9;>

t ; ` d 9=9 2>9

Dmi~|hr 92 Mxfig Lhqhce~fhg| @gl`dht 9=>9 91 8'9 Deffxg`|`ti|èg ea Txb&Dhg|rh# Omxzifi Q`ccikh ;=

='9 Ix|mert H}~hr`hgdh eg [ero`gk {`|m Fhg igl [efhg 92

c a | 2>2 221

9'9 Bit`d ^re ch ea Oem`fi L`t|r`d| 2>49'2 Th} [`th ê~xci|èg `g 2>>9 2>49'4 Q`|ic Ri|h 2>49'< Tdmeec T|i|`t|`dt 2>>8&2>>1 2>8 2'8 Ikr`dxc|xric [ero Aerdh `g Gikicigl 2>8 2'1 Ikr`dxc|xric @g~x|t 2>1 2'; Irhi# ^relxd|èg igl P`hcl 2>1 2'= ^hrdhg|ikh Dmigkh `g Irhi# ^relxd|èg igl P`hcl

lxr`gk 2>>9 |e 2>>; 2>; 2'0'i ^hrdhg|ikh Tmirh ea Irhi igl ^relxd|èg ea Dre~t |e \e|ic

Dre~~hl Irhi igl ^relxd|èg 2>; 2'0'b Rigo ea Ikr`dxc|xric Dre~t g \hrft ea Irhi `g Oem`fi L`t|r`d|

lxr`gk 2>>1 |e 2>>; 2>= 2'9> Irhi igl ^relxd|èg ea Arx`|t `g Oem`fi L`t|r`d| 2>02'99 ^hrdhg|ikh Tmirh ea Irhi igl ^relxd|èg ea Arx`|t |e \e|ic Irhi

igl \e|ic ^relxd|èg `g Oem`fi L`t|r`d| 29> 2'92 Irhi igl ^relxd|èg ea Fijer Qhkh|ibcht `g Oem`fi L`t|r`d| 2992'94 Fijer ^cig|i|èg Dre~t `g Oem`fi L`t|r`d| 292 2'9< Mer|`dxc|xric Dre~t 292 2'98 ^hrdhg|ikh Dmigkh `g Irhi# ^relxd|èg igl P`hcl ea Mer|`dxc|xrh

Dre~t `g Oem`fi L`t|r`d| aref 2>>9 |e 2>>; 292 2'91 Rigo`gk ea \e~ \hg Arx`|t igl Qhkh|ibcht g Oem`fi L`t|r`d| g 2>>; 2942'9; C`qht|edo ^relxd|èg `g Oem`fi L`t|r`d| 2942'9= ^relxd|èg ea F`co# Hkk igl Fhi| `g Gikicigl 29


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2'90 L`t|r`d| Lefht|`d ^relxd| aer Ikr`dxc|xrh `g Oem`fi L`t|r`d| 29>< 291 4'4 Krett T|i|h Lefht|`d ^relxd| i| Degt|ig| ^r`dht 2>>1&2>>; 291 >9 29; >< `g

Oem`fi L`t|r`d| 2901'1 \e|ic Tig`|i|èg Dif~i`kg ^mpt`dic ^rekrhtt Rh~er| `g Oem`fi

L`t|r`d| it eg 90%>2%2>>0 290;'9 T|i|xt ea Hgrecfhg|# Lre~ex| igl Def~ch|èg Ri|h 22> ;'2 D`q`c [erot Def~ch|hl Xglhr TTI g Oem`fi it eg Firdm 2>9> 22> ='9 Hgrecfhg| ea T|xlhg|t `g Gikicigl igl Oem`fi

lxr`gk 2>>9&2>>2 ! 2>>;& 2>>= 2290'9 Reil Gh|{ero `g Oem`fi L`t|r`d| 2290'2 Lhgt`|p ea Reil Gh|{ero `g Oem`fi L`t|r`d| 222 0'4 Rhk`t|ri|èg ea Qhm`dcht g Oem`fi L`t|r`d| lxr`gk 2>>8&2>>; 222 0'< ^hraerfigdh ea Q`ccikh Hchd|r`d`|p Figikhfhg| Beirlt

`g Oem`fi L`t|r`d| 2240'8 Txffirp ea B`cc`gk# ^rh igl êt| T`gkch ê`g| Fh|hr`gk aer

Ed|ebhr 2>>4 2240'1 Gxfbhr ea \hch~megh Degghd|ègt 2249>'9 Aerht| Irhi ea Gikicigl 22'2 Irhi Xglhr Aerht| 22'4 Txffirp ea [ clcàh O`cchl lxr`gk 2>>= `g Aexr Tif~ch Q`ccikht`g Oem`fi L`t|r`d| 22'< \ril`|ègiccp Oge{g \p~ht ea ^cig| T~hd`ht 228 9>'8 E{ghrtm`~ ea Aerht| Irhi `g Gikicigl `g 2>>= 228 92'9 Lhqhce~fhg| @gl`dht aer Oem`fi 221 92'2 @g|hr|hf~eric Def~ir`tegt 221


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T|i|h di~`|ic Oe ` iEr`k`gic gifh Oh{ `ri

Irhi 9;'8 ty' o

Ic|`|xlh 9#


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D mI ^ \ H R

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t e 9

oem`Fi i reA`ch


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\mh Igkif` th||chfhg| irhi `t hgle{hl {`|m r`dm aerht|t# ~it|xrht# eri# aixgi#t~r`gkt igl t|rhi t { `d rr`ki|h | h`r iglt igl hgib h dx |`qi|èg 2' \ h l`t|r`d| it i~ hitig| igl elhri|h d ` i|h' Ea `|t ~e~x i|èg# 0> ~hrdhg| irh D r`t|ìgt# ; ~hrdhg|m`glxt igl 4 ~hrdhg| e| hrt'

Oe ` i it i irkh gx bhr ea aht|`qi t `gohl |e te{`gk# irqht| igl | h {hi| hr'\ h ` ~er|ig| aht|`qi t ea | h l`t|r`d| irh | h Igki ` aht|`qi Thorhgp` dh hbri|hl `g| h eg| ea Ahbrxirp igl | h Rhgk i aht|`qi Gkili dh hbri|hl `g | h it| {hhoea Geqh bhr' T`gdh 2>>># | h mergb` Aht|`qi { `d dh hbri|ht | h tegk# ligdhigl dx |xrh ea | h hg|`rh T|i|h `g i {hho ea aht|`q`|`ht# `t bh`gk dh hbri|hl iggxi p `gLhdh bhr it i T|i|h aht|`qi ' \ h mergb` aht|`qi `t dh hbri|hl i| O`ti i# i edi|ègd eth |e Oe ` i |e{g' @| ge{ ahi|xrht it i ijer gi|ègi igl `g|hrgi|ègi hqhg|'

O`ti i it bhde h i ijer |exr`t| i||rid|èg it i t`|h { hrh | h e ht igl `q`gkt|p ht ea i | h ijer Giki |r`bht irh eg ~hr ighg| l`t~ ip' \ h `t|er`d {ir dh h|hrp{ `d `t | h ex|de h ea | h it| bi|| h bh|{hhg Krhi| Br`|i`g igl Ji~ig lxr`gk [er l[ir @@ igl `g { `d | h Gikit i te ~ iphl i ijer re h `g rht`t|`gk | h Ji~ighthilqigdh `g|e @glì `t edi|hl `g Oe ` i'

It lh|i` hl `g | h Giki igl mx ig Lhqh e~ hg| Rh~er|# 2>>>9# |mh kxrh bh`gk egcpfirk`giccp ce{hr |mig |mi| ea Feoeodmxgk igl L`fi~xr' \mh ML@ rh hd|t i||i`gfhg| girhit òh hdege `d lhqh e~ hg|# hi | igl hlxdi|èg' mL@ ea Oe ` i `gl`di|h | i|| h ~rekrhtt `g | hth irhit iqh bhhg rh i|`qh p bh||hr' Oe ` i il | h gx bhr eghrigo `g |hr t ea | h Khglhr Lhqh e~ hg| @glh} -KL@ ' @g | h di dx i|èg ea mx igLhqh e~ hg| @gl`dht -mL@ # | h `ttxh ea hgq`reg hg|i lhkrili|èg -er ` ~reqh hg|mit ge| bhhg `gder~eri|hl ph|' @g |mh ~re ch# me{hqhr# `g ill`|èg |e |mh |mrhh it~hd|tea mxfig lhqhce~fhg|# hgq`regfhg|ic `ttxht miqh icte bhhg l`tdxtthl' \mh ~re cheg Oe ` i {` | hrhaerh# deqhr hdege `d `ttxht# eg hlxdi|èg# yxi `|p ea àh# khglhr igl hgq`reg hg|i `ttxht' @g | h `g|relxd|erp d i~|hr# i | hth l` hgtègt {` bh

l`tdxtthl br`h p' \mh rhfi`g`gk dmi~|hrt {`cc ceeo i| |mhth `ttxht `g krhi|hr lh|i`c'\ h degd xl`gk d i~|hr {` `gl`di|h e{ | h l`t|r`d|t x ig lhqh e~ hg| `gl`dht

iqh eqhl eqhr | h it| ah{ phirt'

=2 @b`l

t e 9 D m

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~ e


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còh | h rht| ea | h T|i|h# ~illp `t | h ~r`gd`~i dre~ ea Oe ` i' \ h e| hr ijer dhrhi `t i`zh' Bht`lh | hth# e| hr dre~t dx |`qi|hl `g Oe ` i irh je{ir# t i

` h|t igl bir hp' Oe ` i ~relxdht erh | ig 9> ~hrdhg| ea i de hrdì dre~t ea Giki igl' \ hrh `t te h ~relxd|èg ea ~x tht òh ir ir# eegk igl ~hit | exk

|mh`r deg|r`bx|èg |e |mh ikr`dxc|xric ex|~x| `t `gt`kg` dig|' Mhgdh# {m`ch bh`gk cirkhcpxrbig`zhl# Oem`fi t|`cc mit i t`kg` dig| thd|er xglhr ikr`dxc|xrh'

^rhle `gig| p ` p t|i|ht òh Giki igl -igl hgdh l`t|r`d|t òh Oe ` i irh ge|h}~hd|hl |e iqh irkh `glxt|rp bith' Thdeglirp thd|er `t ger i p ` `|hl |e t itdi h xg`|t' \ h e| hr thd|er { `d `t htthg|ì |e hdege `d `qh ` eel `t | h |hr|ìrpthd|er' [ ` h eeo`gk i| | h hdege `d l` hgtègt aer | h lhqh e~ hg| ea Oe ` i#| h t|rxd|xrh ea `|t thdeglirp igl |hr|ìrp thd|ert ghhlt |e bh t|xl`hl t`gdh | hp irh

` ~er|ig| texrdht ea h ~ ep hg| igl `qh ` eel'

@| `t d hir | i| xrbig`zi|èg ea Oe ` i t|h t are |{e it~hd|t' Egh bh`gk | hKeqhrg hg| h ~ ephht# { e de h are i eqhr | h T|i|h |e {ero `g | h di~`|i igl|mh e|mhr bh`gk |mh `g x} ea rxric ~e~xcidh `g thirdm ea hf~cepfhg|# |e iddhtt bh||hr hlxdi|èg aid` `|`ht aer d ` lrhg igl bh||hr ~ret~hd|t aer `qh ` eel' [ ` h | hrh irh ge

irkh glxt|r`ht# | hrh t ig gaer i thd|er degt`t|`gk ea igl`dria|t - i`g p |ril`|ègiigl i irkh thrq`dh thd|er' \ h thrq`dh thd|er `g |xrg degt`t|t irkh p ea rh|i` igldegt|rxd|èg |rilh' \ h irkht| thrq`dh thd|er h ~ ephr `t | h Keqhrg hg|' \ hrhaerh#ig ebqèxt d i hgkh t |e ~req`lh i |hrgi|h texrdh ea h ~ ep hg| ex|t`lh Keqhrg hg|igl | h ikr`dx |xri thd|er' mhgdh# | h ax|xrh ~rekrhtt ea | h thdeglirp igl |hr|ìrpthd|ert irh òh p |e bh ijer lhqh e~ hg| ttxht' \ h d i~|hr eg hdege `d `qh ` eel`g | `t rh~er| i||h ~|t |e illrhtt | `t `ttxh'


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\mh gifh Oem`fi `t lhr`qhl aref |mh Igkif` q`ccikh Oh{m`ri# eg {meth cigl |mh |e{gtm`~ {it ht|ibc`tmhl' \mh Br`|`tm Ilf`g`t|ri|èg lhd`lhl |e tmà| |mh mhilyxir|hr aref [eomi |e Oem`fi ia|hr i q`t`| |e |mh Giki dexg|rp bp Deceghc Ohi|`gk# |mh |mhgDm`ha Deff`ttèghr ea Ittif' I~ir| aref |mh t|ri|hk`d ilqig|ikh ea ferh haahd|`qh deg|rec eqhr |mh {irr`gk |r`bht aref Oem`fi# |m aiqexribch dc`fi|`d degl`|èg {it ig illhl i||rid|èg' \mxt# Oem`fi bhdifh |mh mhilyxir|hr ea |mh Giki M`cct igl K'M' Lifig| |eeo dmirkh it |mh a`rt| êc`|`dic Eaa`dhr# eg Geqhfbhr 9


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còh e| hr t|i|ht ea | h Ger| Hit|hrg Rhkèg -GHR # Giki igl it ig h}|hgt`qh aerht|deqhr ea ibex| 8> ~hrdhg|' @g Giki igl# T|i|h rhthrqhl aerht|t iddexg|t aer eg p ibex|

92 ~hrdhg| ea | h aerht| deqhr igl ibex| == ~hrdhg| ea | h aerht|t irh ~r`qi|h p e{ghl' Igl i irkh thd|èg ea | h rxri ~e~x i|èg lhr`qh |e 8> ~hrdhg| ea | h`r `gde h`gl`rhd| p are | h aerht|t igl `|t ~relxd|t' ^rèr |e | h Tx~rh h Dexr|t big eg ah `gkea |rhht `g 9001# rhqhgxh are aerht|t {it i le `gig| ~ir| ea | h T|i|ht KL ' \ hdeg|r`bx|èg ea | h aerht| thd|er |e | h T|i|ht KL^ {it yx`|h t`zhib h {`| rhqhgxhhirg`gkt ea ibex| n 849 drerh `g 90=8&90=1' me{hqhr# {`| | h i~h} Dexr|t erlhr | `tlhd `ghl degt`lhrib p igl i te hl |e degt`lhrib h eddx~i|èg rh edi|èg aer i thd|ègea | h ~e~x i|èg'

K`qhg `|t kre{`gk xrbig`zi|èg# Oe ` it aerht| deqhr ea 4> ~hrdhg| ea `|t khekri~ `diirhi t t|` degt`lhrib h | exk htt | ig igp e| hr l`t|r`d|t òh feg igl \xhgtigk'

\ h rhi ~reb h `g Oe ` i# it `g e| hr l`t|r`d|t ea Giki igl# `t | h degt`lhrib hett ea ~r`qi|h `gde ht ia|hr | h Tx~rh h Dexr| rx `gk ea 9001' \ h drxdì `ttxh

| hrhaerh `t e{ {h it Oe ` i e~|` `zhl e| hr rhtexrdht ea {hi | are aerht|t#ferh t~hd` diccp# geg&|`fbhr aerht| ~relxd|t còh mhrbt# fhl`d`gic ~cig|t# kxft# rht`gtigl | h òh' \ h d i~|hr eg aerht|rp `g Oe ` i l`tdxttht | h re h ea aerht|t `g dirbeg

}i|èg# |t deg|r`bx|èg g |hrft ea bicigd`gk te`c yxic`|p igl |mh ibeqh ttxht g lh|i`c'

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\mh khghric bhc`ha `t |mi| [m`gxe difh aref i tex|mhrg er tex|mhit|hrg rex|h' M`t tejexrg {it ferh it ig `g`|ìc txrqhp ea ~ett`bch mib`|i|èg ri|mhr |mig i lha`g`|h ~cig |e th||ch le{g' \mh a`rt| g`km| ia|hr ig `g`|ìc txrqhp ea |mh cipex| ea |mh cigl i t`kgà`dig| g`km| `g |mh Giki deg|h}| [m`gxe mil i t|rigkh lrhif' Mh l`l ge| thh igp mib`|i|èg bx| mh mhirl |mh texglt ea dm`clrhg cixkm`gk# ~cip`gk# igl arec`do`gk igl ea fexrg`gk# it à def`gk aref i q`ccikh' @g |mh ferg`gk# [m`gxe rhc`kèxtcp |r`hl |e `g|hr~rh| m`t lrhif' Mh ogh{ |mh texglt ea fexrg`gk

~re|hglhl lhi|m igl terre{ bx| mh {it icte txrh |mi| |mh ~cipaxc texglt ea dm`clrhg {hrh i keel efhg# t`kgàp`gk krhi| ~e~xci|èg igl ~ret~hr`|p ea |mh q`ccikh' & Mhricl`gk Me~h

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Omegefi# k q T`|xi|hl 2> of {ht| ea Oem`fi igl tpgegpfext {`|m krhhghrp#Omegefi q`ccikh `g Oem`fi l`t|r`d| eaahrt i lhc`km|axc q`h{ ea `|t gi|xric bhix|p igl hdecek`dic l`qhrt`|p' \mh Omegefi Gi|xrh

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tgi` t g | h o irà thiteg igl aer dx |`qi|`gk qhkh|ib ht g rib` thiteg' @g 2>>9# ibex|94 | extigl hd|irht {it ~x| xglhr | h th|| hl dx |`qi|èg tpt|h | i| iddexg|hl aer 8> ~hrdhg| ea | h |e|i ikr`dx |xri irhi' -\ib h Ge'2'9

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`g|hgt`qh igl txbt`t|hgdh `g gi|xrh ~req`lht ` `|hl e~~er|xg`|p |e hirg ill`|ègi`gde h' Axr| hr `| `t ittedì|hl {`| lhaerht|i|èg# lhkrili|èg ea aerht|t igl iglrhtexrdht lxh |e cett ea |e~ te`c# lht|rxd|èg ea eri igl {`clcàh mib`|i|t' Jmxf airfhrtxglhr|ioh te` degthrqi|èg hitxrht - hd ig`di igl qhkh|i|`qh birr`hr igl j x~ ig|i|èg id|`q`|`ht |e ~rhqhg| te` hretèg igl ait|hr rh&kre{| ea qhkh|i|`qh deqhr igl

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Aref |`fh `ffhferìc# dxc|`qi|èg ea ~illp `rr`ki|hl `g |hrridh hclt mit bhhg |mh~rid|`dh i egkt| | h Igki ` igl D io htigk de xg`|`ht `g Giki igl' \ `t ~rid|`dh

it t~rhil |e e| hr ~ir|t ea | h T|i|h xglhr | h `g`|ì|`qh ea | h T|i|h Keqhrg hg|'T`gdh `rr`ki|èg `t egh ea | h ohp `g~x|t aer hg igd`gk ikr`dx |xri ~relxd|èg igl `t i teig ` ~er|ig| aid|er |e t|hhr j x dx |`qi|ert |e{irlt th|| hl dx |`qi|èg# `|t lhqh e~ hg|

it bhhg | h i`g degdhrg ea | h Keqhrg hg|' @g 2>>9# |e|i `rr`ki|hl irhi `g Oe ` il`t|r`d| {it 91# =8> hd|irht# ex| ea { `d # 9= ~hrdhg| {it ~x| xglhr lexb h dre~~`gk'\ h `g|hgt`|p ea dre~~`gk {it 99= ~hrdhg|' -\ib h Ge'2''=9 # x ig ~eqhr|p -44 # hi | ->'=> igl x ig lhqh e~ hg|->'1; ea | h l`t|r`d| {hrh bh||hr | ig | h T|i|ht iqhrikht `g 2>>9 ; ' \mhth aid|t rh hd|bh||hr x ig rhtexrdht `g | h l`t|r`d|'

Ikr`dx |xrh `t t|` | h ~r` irp hdege `d id|`q`|p ea | h ~he~ h `g | h l`t|r`d|' Ikr`dx |xrhthd|er i egh hgkikhl ibex| 80 ~hrdhg| ea | h |e|i {ero`gk ~e~x i|èg g 2>>9 it iki`gt|| h T|i|ht iqhrikht ea 1= ~hrdhg|' Ex| ea | h |e|i ikr`dx |xri {erohrt# 02 ~hrdhg| {hrhdx |`qi|ert igl eg p = ~hrdhg| {hrh ikr`dx |xri ibexrhrt' -\ib ht Ge'2'8 igl 2'1

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' dre~ ~reLxd|èg igL ~reLxd|`q`|p

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ferh | ig 4> dre~t irh kre{g g | h l`t|r`d|? | h ijer dre~t bh`gk ~illp# i`zh# je{ir#` h|# ir ir# Giki li # bhigt# ~hi# tepbhig# xt|irl thhlt# ~e|i|e igl k`gkhr' Aer

~rhthg| igi pt`t# | h dre~t iqh bhhg krex~hl xglhr | h ae e{`gk breil di|hker`htq`z' dhrhi t -~illp igl e| hr dhrhi dre~t # ~x tht# e` thhlt igl de hrdì dre~t'\ hrh irh qirì|ègt i egk | h `gl`q`lxi dre~ krex~t `g |hr t ea ~relxd|èg igl~relxd|`q`|p { `d ip bh tx ir`zhl it ae e{t'

`' îllp: îllp# i | exk `|t t irh `g | h l`t|r`d|t |e|i ~relxd|èg iglirhi iqh |iohg i le{g|rhgl lxr`gk | h dxrrhg| lhdilh# `| `t t|` | h

et| le `gig| dre~ | i| it iddexg|hl aer ~hrdhg| ea | h irhi `g 2>>1&2>>;' Eg | h e| hr igl# |t p`h l -;2|egght ~hr hd|irh it `gdrhithl bp ; ~hrdhg| lxr`gk | h ti h ~hrèl'me{hqhr# | h `gdrhith `g p`h l dex l ge| eaath| | h ` ~id| ea lhd `gh `girhi ea ~relxd|èg# it ~relxd|èg igl irhi be| lhd `ghl bp i irkhh}|hg|'

``' E|mhr Dhrhict: E| hr dhrhi dre~t - i`zh# je{ir# ` h|t# bir hp igl jebt |hirt ki`ghl txbt|ig|ì p be| `g idrhikh igl ~relxd|èg' \ h~hrdhg|ikh t irh `g |e|i dre~ ~relxd|èg igl p`h l ea | hth dre~tlhd `ghl { ` h | h irhi `gdrhithl lxr`gk | h dxrrhg| lhdilh' @g 2>>;# `|{it 2< ~hrdhg| ea | h |e|i dre~~hl irhi igl {it ibex| 98 ~hrdhg| ea | h|e|i ~relxd|èg' \ h `gdrhith `g ~relxd|èg dig | hrhaerh# bh i||r`bx|hl|e h}~igtèg g irhi ri| hr | ig p`h l' \e|i dhrhi dre~t gd xl`gk ~illpillhl x~ |e ;< ~hrdhg| ea |e|i dre~~hl irhi igl |e 8; ~hrdhg| ea | h|e|i dre~ ~relxd|èg `g 2>>;'

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```' ^xctht: \ `t krex~ `gd xlht dre~t òh ir ir# eegk li # bhigt# ~hit#hg|` igl kri ' @g 2>>1&2>>;# `| eddx~`hl eg p 0 ~hrdhg| ea | h krett

dre~~hl irhi igl deg|r`bx|hl 8 ~hrdhg| |e | h |e|i dre~ ~relxd|èg g | hl`t|r`d|' \ h p`h l ~hr hd|irh {it 9'24 |egght# i et| | h ti h it | h

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be| | h ibexr aerdh igl | h t irh ea ikr`dx |xrh `g GTL^ irh h}~hd|hl |e lhd `gh it| h t irh ea e| hr thd|ert `gdrhith `g | h ~redhtt ea hdege `d kre{| ' \ h tdhgirè`g | h l`t|r`d| leht ge| rhqhi ~i||hrg ea d igkht' \ hrh `t `k degdhg|ri|èg ea ibexr aerdh `g ikr`dx |xrh' \ `t ip bh ig `gl`di|er ea xglhrlhqh e~ hg| ea | h `glxt|rì igl

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I et| ;> ~hrdhg| ea | h T|i|ht {eroaerdh `t lh~hglhg| eg ikr`dx |xrh igl rh i|hlid|`q`|`ht aer `|t `qh ` eel' \ h T|i|h idot igp i~~rhdìb h igxaid|xr`gk id|`q`|p'

Igl | h |hr|ìrp er | h thrq`dh thd|er `g | h T|i|h `t irkh p ` `|hl |e Keqhrg hg|h ~ ep hg|# t i t e~t igl bxt`ghtt ht|ib `t hg|t' \ h ijer`|p ea Gikit

`q`gk `g | h gx hrext q` ikht ea | h T|i|h t|` `qh i àh rhth b `gk | i| ea ~r` `|`qhde xg`t ' \ril`|ègi p# | h Giki q` ikht axgd|èghl it ax p `glh~hglhg| q` ikht|i|ht { `d {hrh th a keqhrg`gk igl th a&rh ìg|# t`|xi|hl g i deg|`kxext khekri~ `diirhi' Bx| | hth d irid|hrt ea | h q` ikht iqh erh er htt l`ti~~hirhl lxh |e | heqhri d igk`gk tedè&hdege `d tdhgirè'

Lxr`gk | h 90;>t i e| ea h ~ it`t {it i`l aer | h lhqh e~ hg| ea aerht| iglikr`dx |xrh bithl `glxt|r`ht txd it ~i~hr# ~ p{eel igl txkir' \ `t |rhgl deg|`gxhl|` | h 900>t' me{hqhr# | hrh {hrh igp aid|ert | i| `glhrhl | `t lhqh e~ hg|t|ri|hkp' \ h ~rhqi` `gk `gtxrkhgdp t`|xi|èg hl |e lh|hrèri|èg ea i{ igl erlhr igl {it lh|r` hg|i |e `glxt|rì kre{| ' @g |hr t ea ig~e{hr igl to` t | hrh {hrhc`f`|i|ègt i| figikhfhg| chqhc# cido ea to`cchl ~hrtegghc# eqhrt|ia gk igl cido ea ~re~hr l`rhd|èg' \ h T|i|h# | hrhaerh {it ge| ib h |e |i~ `|t ax ~e|hg|ì aer `glxt|rìkre{| ' Degthyxhg| p h ~ ep hg| khghri|èg igl kre{| `g `gde h txaahrhl'

me{hqhr# | hrh iqh bhhg te h ~et`|`qh lhqh e~ hg|t `g | h ~it| egh lhdilh er te'^hidh igl t|ib` `|p it k`qhg | h xd ghhlhl e hg|x aer `glxt|rì kre{| igl| h gx bhr ea `glxt|r`ht it kegh x~ lxr`gk | h ~hrèl'

Idderl`gk |e | h T|i|h mx ig Lhqh e~ hg| Rh~er| 2>>9>># ea { `d =89 {hrh `g | h~xb `d thd|er igl rh i`g`gk 914 -42 irkh igl 949 t i xg`|t `g | h ~r`qi|h thd|er'\ h |e|i h ~ ep hg| ~req`lhl bp | hth ht|ib `t hg|t {it ;1#04= ea { `d | ht irh ea ~xb `d thd|er {it ;2#=4< igl | h ~r`qi|h thd|er iddexg|hl aer h ~ ep hg| ea < ~hrtegt' \ h degdhg|ri|èg ea erkig`zhl thd|er ht|ib `t hg|t {it `k ht| `gOe ` i%L` i~xr l`t|r`d|t {`| 494 xg`|t' feoeod xgk igl Zxg hbe|e {hrh | h e| hr l`t|r`d|t iq`gk `k gx bhr ea ht|ib `t hg|t i| 901 igl 92> rht~hd|`qh p' -\ib h Ge'4'9' ! 4'2


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' xgerkig`zhL thd|ert &i rhq`h[ ea Oem`fi L`t|r`d|

\ `t thd|èg `t bithl eg | h hdege `d `gl`di|ert aer | h T|i|h it i { e h t`gdh | hrh

`t ge li|i i| | h l`tikkrhki|hl hqh |e {ero ex| l`t|r`d| hqh rhq`h{t'

' ' h t

Oe ` i il rigohl aexr| i egkt| = l`t|r`d|t deqhrhl g | h T|i|h mx ig Lhqh e~ hg|@glh} -mL@ itthtt hg| idderl`gk |e T|i|h mx ig Lhqh e~ hg| Rh~er| -TmLR 2>>>4 i| n 990>=' \ h l`t|r`d| it thdegl

`k ht| gx bhr ea bigo brigd ht? 9= brigd ht ia|hr L` i~xr { `d il 22 brigd ht

`g 2>>8' @| mit |mh cirkht| gxfbhr ea ~et| ea dh brigdmht {`|m 84 brigdmht `g 2>>;'@g |hr t ea igl `gh |h h~ egh degghd|ègt# Oe ` i il 948 degghd|ègt `g 2>>4&2>>


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iggxic ex| e{ ea rhqhgxh aref {`|m`g |mh T|i|h |e ex|t`lh it |m`t thd|er hf~cept iirkh gx bhr ea geg&Gikit { e rh `| eghp |e | h`r e h |e{gt are | h`r hirg`gkt'

\ h igi pt`t ea Oe ` i l`t|r`d| t bithl eg | h t|xlp legh bp L`rhd|eri|h ea Hqi xi|èg#

Keqhrg hg| ea Giki igl `g 2>>1# eg H ~ ep hg| E~~er|xg`|`ht Aerkegh bp Gikitigl H ~ ep hg| ea Geg&Gikit g | h T|i|h' \ `t t|xlp {it ` `|hl |e | h xrbig dhg|hrtea L` i~xr# Oe ` i igl feoeod xgk' \ h deg|hg| ea | h t|xlp {it et| p rh i|hl |e| h xgerkig`zhl thd|er' \ h t|xlp ip ge| bh rh~rhthg|i|`qh ea | h T|i|h it i { e hbx| `| k`qht i ai`r `lhi ea | h t|rxd|xrh# gi|xrh igl de ~et`|èg ea | h xgerkig`zhlthd|er `g | h T|i|h'

' dmirid|hr`t|`dt ea |mh xgerkig`zhL thd|er `g

Oem`fi

Idderl`gk |e | h t|xlp# | hrh irh rexk p 1; |p~ht ea ht|ib `t hg|t er thd|ert | i|degt|`|x|h | h xgerkig`zhl thd|er `g Oe ` i' Irexgl =>>> bxt`ghtt ht|ib `t hg|tde h xglhr | hth 1; di|hker`ht ea ht|ib `t hg| er thd|ert' Ibex| 24>>> ~hrtegt{hrh h ~ ephl g | `t thd|er g Oe ` i |e{g lxr`gk | h txrqhp ~hrèl ea Jx p |e Ed|ebhr 2>>1 ex| ea { `d 9>0>> { hrh geg&Gikit' Rexk p => ~hrdhg| ea | h |e|i h ~ ephl{it i h igl 2> ~hrdhg| {it ah i h' \ h h ~ ephl ah i ht {hrh khghri p Giki

{e hg' \ h ah{ geg&Giki {e hg h ~ ephl `g | `t thd|er {hrh hgkikhl `g t ikredhrp t e~t er it qhkh|ib h qhglert' \ h |e|i iggxi `gde h khghri|hl bp | hxgerkig`zhl thd|er `g Oe ` i |e{g `g 2>>1 {it n 24= drerh'

@| `t ht|` i|hl | i| 9>0>> geg&Gikit h ~ ephl `g | `t thd|er `g Oe ` i hirg ibex|n 0> drerh `g i phir' Ittx `gk | i| ~hrdhg| ea | h |e|i iggxi hirg`gkt ea | h geg&Gikit irh rh|i`ghl `g | h T|i|h it det| ea `q`gk# ig i exg| ea n 8< drerh {ex l bh|mh iggxic ex| e{ ea rhqhgxh `g i phir' \mxt ex| ea |mh |e|ic `gdefh ea n 24= drerhkhghri|hl bp | h xgerkig`zhl thd|er `g Oe ` i n 8< drerh ke ex|# | i| `t 24 ~hrdhg|ea | h |e|i `gde h ea | h thd|er'

\ h t|xlp bp L`rhd|eri|h ea Hqi xi|èg i te `gl`di|ht | i| | h `gde h hqh t ea igpxgto` hl ~he~ h hgkikhl `g | h xgerkig`zhl thd|er `g Oe ` i irh `k hr | ig igpKeqhrg hg| h ~ ephht g Giki igl' \ h t|xlp gl`di|ht | i| | h thrq`dh thd|er g | hxgerkig`zhl thd|er leht ge| rhyx`rh hiqp di~`|i `gqht| hg| igl dig bh di~`|i `zhlaer h ~ ep hg| ea i irkh thd|èg ea | h xgh ~ ephl pex| '


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A`kxrh 4'2' Hf~cepfhg| `g Thchd| Xgerkig`zhl Thd|ert& Oem`fi-It ^hrdhg|ikh ea |mh Thchd|hl# 2>>1)

Texrdh: L`rhd|eri|h ea Hqicxi|èg# Keqhrgfhg| ea Gikicigl

\mh ibeqh kxrh lh~`d|t |mh ~ref`ghg| xgerkig`zhl thd|ert |mi| hf~cep |mh bxco ea ~he~ h g Oe ` i' Ex| ea | h ht|` i|hl 24>>> ~hrtegt h ~ ephl# 1= ~hrdhg| `'h' 981~hrtegt irh h ~ ephl g | h ibeqh hg|èghl 0 thd|ert' \ h rht| ;41> irh l`t|r`bx|hl`g |mh rhfi`g`gk 8= thd|ert ea |mh xgerkig`zhl hdegefp ea Oem`fi' \mh kxrht `gde x gt xt|ri|h | h ~hrdhg|ikh ea ~hrtegt h ~ ephl g làahrhg| thd|ert òh kredhrp#~ig tme~t# |rigt~er| h|d' ex| ea 981 ~hrtegt hf~cephl `g |mh 0 thd|ert' \mh kxrhtt e{ | i| degt|rxd|èg t egh ea | h et| ~re `ghg| id|`q`|`ht g | h xgerkig`zhl thd|er `g Oe ` i' \ `t `t i dere irp ea | h ri~`l ~idh ea xrbig`zi|èg |io`gk ~ idh ~ir|`dx ir p`g Oe ` i xg`d`~i irhi' E| hr id|`q`|`ht òh degtx hr lxrib h t e~t# |rigt~er|rh i|hl id|`q`|`ht igl kredhrp t e~t i ` xt|ri|h | h ~idh ea xrbig`zi|èg `g Oe ` i'

Ea | h 0 thd|ert# gde h khghri|hl g | h eil`gk igl xg eil`gk thd|er {it | h `k ht|'\ h deg|r`bx|èg ea | `t thd|er {it 98'90 ~hrdhg| |e | h phir p `gde h khghri|hl bp| h |e~ 0 xgerkig`zhl thd|ert ea hdege p `g Oe ` i' D e| `gk igl |h}|` h deg|r`bx|hl92';8 ~hrdhg|' ig t e~t deg|r`bx|hl 99'2= ~hrdhg| igl kredhrp bxt`ghtt deg|r`bx|hl0'92 ~hrdhg| |e | h `gde h `g 2>>1' Ex| ea | h 0 thd|ert# | h `gde h are e|h igldi|hr`gk igl hlxdi|èg thd|ert {it 2'8; ~hrdhg| igl 9'0< ~hrdhg| rht~hd|`qh p' \ h|e|i `gde h ea | h xgerkig`zhl thd|er `g Oe ` i aer | h phir 2>>1 {it n 24= drerhex| ea { `d | h deg|r`bx|èg ea | h 0 thd|ert {it n 912 drerh'

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' ' t t ` l tt`

\ h |e|i gx bhr ea rhk`t|hrhl TT@ xg`|t `g Oe ` i `g 2>>1&2>>; {it 10 9< {`| ;9=~hrtegt h ~ ephl `g | hth xg`|t' \rilh {`th brhio x~ ea | h 10 rhk`t|hrhl TT@ xg`|t `t

it ae e{t? axrg`|xrh igxaid|xrh &99# igxaid|xrh ea ea aibr`di|hl hi| ~relxd|t &99#igxaid|xr`gk ea {hiq`gk i~~irh & aer e| hr thrq`dh id|`q`|p'Are 28 `g 2>>8&2>>1# | h gx bhr ea ~he~ h h ~ ephl `g | hth xg`|t i te `gdrhithl

erh | ig 2'8 |` ht |e 2;= `g 2>>8&2>>1 |e ;9= `g 2>>1&2>>;'

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\ h |e|i ~e{hr degtx ~|`eg {it 9> 2> 4> 8>


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thd|er t 8='00 ~hrdhg| igl h ~ ep hg| g | h geg&ikr`dx |xri thd|er t {erohrt h ~ ephl g Oe ` i 8'=0 {ero aer | h ikr`dx |xri thd|er igl2


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\mhrh miqh bhhg yx`|h i ah{ felht| bx| `f~rhtt`qh txddhtt t|er`ht `g |mh xgerkig`thl thd|er `g Oem`fi' Egh ea |m`t mit bhhg Oem`fi L`t|r`d| F`co ^relxdhrt Xgèg C`f`|hl - OEFXC ) |mi| {it ht|ibc`tmhl `g 90=8&90=1 bp |mh T|i|h Lh~ir|fhg| ea Qh|hr`girp igl Ig`fic Mxtbiglrp {`|m `|t dhg|ric li`rp i| L`fi~xr'[`|m i felht| t|ir| ea i fhikhr decchd|èg ea egcp 9>>&2>> c`|rht ea f`co#OEFXC -gifh dmigkhl |e L@FXC ia|hr |mh drhi|èg ea L`fi~xr l`t|r`d| ex| ea Oem`fi) miglcht ibex| ;>>> c`|hrt ea f`co hqhrp lip# {`|m i gxfbhr ea f`co qigt decchd|`gk f`co |riqhc`gk eqhr 8>> of |{`dh li`cp' Lxr`gk 900=&2>>># Gikicigl Li`rp @glxt|rp {it lhdcirhl egh ea |mh |e~ 9> ait|ht| kre{`gk li`r`ht `g @glì'

Ah{ Txddhtt T|er`ht ea Oem`fi

OEFXC ^cig|


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\xe~mhfi ig Igkif` Giki q`ccikh t`|xi|hl ger|m ea Oem`fi `t ige|mhr h}if~ch'\xe~mhfi Q`ccikh Lhqhce~fhg| Beirl - QLB ) mit lhq`thl i xg`yxh {ip |e ~rhthrqh `|t dxc|xrh igl |e bhgha`| |mh q`ccikh hdegef`diccp'[hcc ~cigghl de||ikht miqh bhhg degt|rxd|hl bp |mh qirèxt dcigt `g |mh dhg|rh ea |mh`r e{g c`q`gk t~idh' \mh aid`c`|`ht `gdcxlh i {hcc hyx`~~hl thf`gir micc# i fxthxf# dria|t {erotme~ igl deffxg`|p dhg|rh' \mh t`f~ch bx| `ggeqi|`qh {ip ea tme{ dit`gk |mh dxc|xrh igl |ril`|ègic ~rid|`dht i||rid| mxglrhlt ea |exr`t|t hqhrp phir# figp ea |mhf aref ibreil' \m`t mit chl |e hf~cepfhg| igl `gdrhith `g `gdefht ea

|mh q`ccikhrt'\xe~mhfi#\exr`t| Q`ccikh

Hg|rh~rhghxrt Ittedì|ht - HI )

{`|m `|t f`dre & drhl`| tpt|hf aer itt`t|`gk |mh xghf~cephl pex|m `g |mh T|i|h |e th| x~ |mh`r bxt`ghttht `t ige|m `gt|igdh' Th| x~ `g 2>>>#HI aecce{t i t`f~ch ~redhtt {mhrhbp ~xbc`d irh `gq`|hl |e `gqht| i f`g`fxf txf ea n 9>>> i| ig `g|hrht| ri|h ea = ~hrdhg| ~hr iggxf'HI |mhg xtht |mh feghp |e ilqigdh ceigt |e tx`|ibch ~hrtegt thchd|hl |mrexkm lh|i`chl `g|hrq`h{' \mh ifexg| `t ceighl i| 91 ~hrdhg| ~hr iggxf' Keqhrgfhg| axgl`gk `t ge| `gqecqhl'HI mit mhc~hl figp lhthrq`gk hg|rh~rhghxrt |e th| x~ |mh`r e{g txddhttaxc bxt`ghttht eqhr |mh phirt'


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' degt|ri`g|t igL [ip aer[irL

\ h hdege `d lhqh e~ hg| ea igp ~ idh lh~hglt eg hdege `d# tedì # ~e `|`di igl~tpd e ek`di aid|ert' Di~`|i aer i|èg igl `|t tx~~ p `g | h T|i|h irh qhrp ` `|hl'

\ `t it# |e te h h}|hg|# |e le {`| | h xg`yxh t`|xi|èg ea igl e{ghrt `~ { `d lege| i e{ aer | h xth ea igl it de i|hri |e iddhtt eig are bigot' ^r`qi|h texrdhea axgl`gk bhde ht xgrhi `t|`d lxh |e `|t `k ri|h ea `g|hrht|' \ h ido ea ~re~hr `garit|rxd|xrh `g |hr t ea ~eer yxi `|p ea reilt# ido ea de xg`di|èg aid` `|`ht `grhfe|h irhit# cido ea t|erikh aer keelt# `gtxa d`hg| bigo`gk igl `gtxrigdh aid`c`|`htigl eqhri i{ igl erlhr t`|xi|èg# ~ir|`dx ir p hki |i}i|èg bp qirèxt xglhrkrexglaid|ègt iqh i ~hrhl kre{| ea `glxt|rp igl bxt`ghtt `g | h T|i|h'

' ' ~ l e O

\ hrh irh igp irhit { hrh | h l`t|r`d| dig drhi|h e~~er|xg`|`ht igl khghri|hh ~ ep hg|' \exr`t igl et~`|i `|p glxt|rp# hde&|exr`t # rxri |exr`t igl ilqhg|xrht~er|t irh te h ~e|hg|ì irhit' Hg igdh hg| ea `garit|rxd|xrh igl bx` l`gk `goikht`g | h rxri irhit t e{hqhr rhyx`rhl |e rhi `zh | hth ~ret~hd|t' \ h ~e|hg|ì t iqh |ebh ~idoikhl# ilqhr|`thl igl iroh|hl ~reahttègi p' \riqh ikhg|t# |riqh thrq`dht#erkig`zhrt# |exr`t| kx`lht# di|hrhrt# t e~ e{ghrt# e|h `hrt igl rht|ixri|hxrt irh

rh i|hl igl ittedì|hl ~reahttègt `g | `t thd|er'

Qi xh ill`|èg# iroh|`gk igl h}~er| ea làahrhg| ikre&bithl ~relxd|t irh qìb hhg|rh~rhghxrì id|`q`|`ht aer | h l`t|r`d|' fhi| ~redhtt`gk `t ige| hr xdri|`qh e~|ègk`qhg | h aeel ib`|t ea | h ~he~ h igl `|t iroh|' T`gdh Oe ` i idot hg|hr|i`g hg|iqhgxht# e~hg`gk ea d`gh i | hi|rht# rhdrhi|ègi igl | h h ~irot# diaht igl hi|`gk

je`g|t {ex l khghri|h h ~ ep hg| igl `gde h'

Hde&|exr`t `g Oe ` i it | h ~e|hg|ì |e bh i ijer rhqhgxh igl h ~ ep hg|khghri|`gk hg|hr~r`th' T|i|ht òh Rijit| ig igl Ohri i { `d hirg rhqhgxh iglkhghri|h h ~ ep hg| `g io t lxh |e | h`r | r`q`gk |exr`t thd|ert ghhlt |e bhh x i|hl' \e ~re e|h |exr`t `g Giki igl# `ttxht rh i|`gk |e `garit|rxd|xrh# reilt#beirl`gk% elk`gk aid` `|`ht igl degghd|`q`|p iqh |e bh t|rhgk| hghl' Rht|r`d|hl Irhi^hr `|%@gghr c`gh ^hr `| -RI^%@c^ `ttxht iqh |e bh ilh erh |exr`t| ar`hgl p'

Oe ` i i te it ~e|hg|ì aer | h lhqh e~ hg| ea txgr`th igl oge{ hlkh bithl`glxt|rp òh @gaer i|èg \hd ge ekp Hgib hl Thrq`dht -@\HT igl Bè|hd ge ekp' Didhg|rht# x ig rhtexrdh ex|texrd`gk# ~ipre ~redhtt`gk# |hd g`di h ~lhto# bxt`ghtt

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8=

' hf~cepfhg| : e~~er|xg`|`ht igL c`f`|i|ègt

\ h T|i|h ea Giki igl `t `gdrhit`gk p eq`gk |e{irlt d reg`d xgh ~ ep hg|' @|it bhhg ebthrqhl | i| | h t|rxd|xrh ea h ~ ep hg| igl gi|xrh ea xgh ~ ep hg|

`t deg|r`bx|hl bp be|m |mh gi|xric ~e~xci|èg kre{|m igl bp `g x} ea f`krig|t' It ~hr | h li|i ea | h L`rhd|eri|h ea H ~ ep hg| igl Dria|t hg \ri`g`gk# Keqhrg hg| ea Giki igl# erh | ig 8>#>>> pex| t {hrh rhk`t|hrhl {`| | h h ~ ep hg| h}d igkh g2>>0' \ h gx bhr deg|`gxht |e gdrhith {`| erh | ig 4#8>> krilxi|ht bh`gk illhlhqhrp phir 98 ' \mh id|xic kxrht ea xghf~cephl ~hrtegt {excl bh fxdm ferh à |mhgx bhr ea xgrhk`t|hrhl xgh ~ ephl pex| `t |iohg `g|e iddexg|'

It ~hr | h Dhgtxt ea @glì 2>>9# | h ~e~x i|èg t`zh ea | h T|i|h ea Giki igl it bh`gk

d eth |e 2 ` èg' @| {it kre{`gk i| i ri|h ea `g 2>>9'

Ikr`dx |xrh t|` deg|`gxht |e h ~ ep | h i}` x gx bhr ea | h ~e~x idh `gGiki igl' me{hqhr# eaa&air id|`q`|`ht iqh `gdrhithl eqhr | h phirt' \ hrh irh geb`k igxaid|xr`gk xg`|t `g | h T|i|h' mexth e lt igl t i tdi h `glxt|r`ht irh | heg p ~relxd|èg xg`|t g | h T|i|h' me{hqhr# Oe ` i l`t|r`d| leht ge| ioh x~ aer hqhgi yxir|hr ea | h igxaid|xr`gk xg`|t `g Giki igl'

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er i de b`gi|èg ea be| ' I | exk i ai `g ikr`dx |xrh bithl {eroaerdh `t degt`lhrhlit i ~et`|`qh d igkh are lhqh e~ hg| ~e`g| ea q`h{# ge| i b edot txrqhphl iqhh}~hr`hgdhl txdm ~et`|`qh dmigkht |e i t`kg` dig| chqhc'

\ h h ~ ep hg| e~~er|xg`|`ht `g GKEt igl | h D xrd irh ea|hg ge| degt`lhrhlthrèxt p' Bx| | h D xrd ht~hdì p# `t ig ` ~er|ig| h ~ ephr `g Giki igl' I| hit| 9|e 2 ~hrdhg| ea | h ~e~x i|èg `g | h l`t|r`d|t `t h ~ ephl bp | h d xrd ht' \ h GKEthd|er de ~r`tht i t i # bx| ge| ghk `k`b h gx bhr ea | h {eroaerdh `g | h l`t|r`d|

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' cigL xth igL ~i||hrg ea e[ghrtm`~

cigl `t i ijer gi|xri rhtexrdh' ê~x i|èg kre{| `g | h xrbig dhg|rht it rhtx |hl`g `gdrhithl lh igl aer igl igl `k hr ext`gk det|t' cigl xth `t d igk`gk ri~`l p

`g | h xrbig dhg|rht are xth it ikr`dx |xri igl |e rht`lhg|ì irhit igl Keqhrg hg|ea dh t`|ht'

cigl t|` rh i`gt | h t`gk h et| ` ~er|ig| ~ pt`di ~etthttèg aer | h Giki ~he~ h'Eg | h egh igl# igl rhtexrdh i~~irhg| p hitxrht eght tedì t|i|xt igl |h ~eri~e{hr' Eg | h e| hr# dx |xri # tedè&~e `|`di igl hdege `d degt`lhri|ègt iqh~ref~|hl |mh h|mge khght |e i||idm cigl {`|m ~r`ferlìc t`kg` digdh' Dmigkht `gikr`dxc|xric ~rid|`dht miqh icte rhtxc|hl `g t`kg` dig| dmigkht `g |mh cigl xth ~i||hrg

ea | h T|i|h'

\ril`|ègic deffxg`|p bithl keqhrgigdh igl e{ghrtm`~ ea cigl t egh ea |mh t`kg` dig|ahi|xrht ea Giki igl' \ h q` ikh de xg`|p e{ghl igl rhkx i|hl | h igl igl `|trhtexrdht idderl`gk |e | h |ril`|ègi dxt|e t igl ~rid|`dht' \ hrh irh qirì|ègt g | haer t er ~i||hrgt ea |ril`|ègi gt|`|x|ègt igl ~rid|`dht q`t&&q`t | h igikh hg| igle{ghrt `~ ea igl i egk | h làahrhg| de xg`|`ht' @g khghri # | h |ril`|ègi tpt|hea e{ghrt `~ ea igl `g Giki igl `t axgli hg|i p ea | rhh |p~ht# q` ikh igl# d ig er o h igl igl ~r`qi|h igl' @g rhdhg| |` ht# | h T|i|h Keqhrg hg| it i te idyx`rhligl e{gt igl aer | h degt|rxd|èg ea Keqhrg hg| `gt|`|x|ègt# aer lhqh e~ hg|i igldegthrqi|èg ~xr~etht' \ril`|ègi tpt|h ea e{ghrt `~ ea igl `t `k p de ~ h} iglh iberi|h eg | h egh igl igl `k p l`qhrth i egk | h làahrhg| de xg`|`ht eg | he| hr' @g | h dith ea te h |r`bht# | hrh irh q` ikh dexgd` t er h hd|hl rh~rhthg|i|`qhtea h lhrt { e rhkx i|h | h q` ikh iaai`rt igl deg|re | h q` ikh rhtexrdht' @g et|ditht# | hrh irh q` ikh igl# e{ghl igl rhkx i|hl bp | h q` ikh# | hrh irh d ig igl#e{ghl igl igikhl bp | h d ig# igl | h `gl`q`lxi igl# e{ghl igl x|` `zhl bp | h`gl`q`lxi t'

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@g | h ` t# it i hkidp ea | h Br`|`t @glì# `gl`q`lxi r`k |t krig|hl |e |r`bi d `hatxthl |e bh iglhl le{g are khghri|èg |e khghri|èg' \ h Keqhrg hg| ea @glì it

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| h |r`bi d `hat irh |rhi|hl it hyx`qi hg| |e igl ~i||i `g | h qi hp' @g | h i||h ~| |edelàp igl br`gk i xgàer i{ `g | h il `g`t|ri|èg ea | h q` ikh# | h Keqhrg hg| ea Giki igl ~itthl | h Giki igl Q` ikh igl Irhi Dexgd` Id| `g 90;=' @| {it | rexk| `t Id| | i| Q` ikh Dexgd` t {hrh ht|ib `t hl `g hqhrp q` ikh `g Giki igl' Idderl`gk

|e | h Id|# Q` ikh Dexgd` t i degt`t| ea h bhrt# d ethg bp q` ikhrt g idderligdh{`| | h ~rhqi` `gk dxt|e irp ~rid|`dh igl xtikht' \ `t ~req`tèg ea | h Id| i e{t | hQ`ccikh Dexgd`c |e ~rid|`dh `|t t~hd` hl dxt|efirp ci{t `g |mh q`ccikh ilf`g`t|ri|èg'\ h Q` ikh Dexgd` i te d eetht i h bhr it D i`r ig igl i Thdrh|irp ea | hDexgd` ' \ h Q` ikh Dexgd` it bhhg k`qhg il `g`t|ri|`qh ~e{hr igl lx|`ht i| | h

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mexth e lt {`| e{hr `gde ht t~hgl i irkhr ~ir| ea `| eg ghdhtt`|`ht' It `gde h`gdrhitht igl bè ek`di p ~rhtt`gk bx| hit` p ti|ìb h {ig|t irh h|# | h tedì plh|hr `ghl igl ~tpd e ek`di p t~xrrhl {ig|t |ioh eqhr' \ hth tedì p igl~tpd e ek`di p t~xrrhl {ig|t irh x |`l` hgtègi lxh |e | h`r geg ~ pt`di er`k`g'

\mh mexthmecl ~re ch ea Gikicigl it ~hr Dhgtxt ea @glì 2>>9# c`t|t |mh ~hrdhg|ikhea `qib h extht 91 i `|| h `k hr | ig | h keel extht 9; ' Bh|{hhg 2>>9 igl 2>>0 | heqhri tdhgirè it ge| d igkhl xd it ~hr | h LmLR ti ~ h txrqhp# 2>>0' \ hxrbig thd|ert `gqht| |` h igl hghrkp i`g p eg hlxdi|èg igl hi | ' me{hqhr | hp

ik bh `gl | h rxri thd|ert `g |hr t ea tedì di~`|i igl bit`d ghdhtt`|`ht' \ `t `t id hir gl`di|èg ea | h o`gl ea d e`dht ~he~ h ioh {`| | h o`gl ea rhtexrdht iqi` ib h|e | h '

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@g | h l`t|r`d| ea Oe ` i# | h irkhr ~re~er|èg ea | h ~e~x i|èg `g xrbig Oe ` i `th ~ ephl `g Keqhrg hg| thrq`dht' I irkh thd|èg ea | h ~e~x i|èg `t i te h ~ ephl`g bxt`ghttht igl e| hr eddx~i|ègt' Air hrt igl {ikh hirghrt# | exk htt `ggx bhr i te h}`t|'

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`k hr hirg`gkt aer ~hrtegt lhi `gk `g htthg|ì `|h t# det h|`dt igl d e| `gk'

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bh ib h |e ~ir|`d`~i|h `g | h id|`q`|`ht ea | h de xg`|p'

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' ' ` L @gt|`|x|ègic lhc`qhrp `g |mh T|i|h {it ifegk |mh ce{ht| `g |mh dexg|rp {`|m i kxrh ea 92 ~hrdhg| it ~hr | h Gi|ègi Ai ` p igl mhi | Txrqhp -GAmT&4 ' me{hqhr# {`| | h`g|relxd|èg ea Jigig` Txriot i Pejigi -JTP igl | h hgid| hg| ea de xg`|`ti|ègea |mh mhic|m thd|er# |mh kxrht miqh `f~reqhl be|m `g |mh T|i|h it {hcc |mh `g l`t|r`d|t'@gdrhith `g | h gx bhr ea `gt|`|x|ègi lh `qhrp aer Oe ` i l`t|r`d| lxr`gk | h it| ah{phirt `t `gl`di|hl `g |mh kxrht bhce{'

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A`kxrh 8'9' @gt|`|x|ègic Lhc`qhrp `g |mh T|i|h ia|hr @g|relxd|èg ea JTP '

A`kxrh 8'2' @gt|`|x|ègic Lhc`qhrp `g Oem`fi L`t|r`d| ia|hr @g|relxd|èg ea JTP

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\ h l`t|r`d| ai`r p deqhrt | h hi | ghhlt ea | h ~he~ h' \ h l`t|r`d| et~`|i -~rhthg| p| h Giki met~`|i Ix| er`|p Oe ` i # { `d i te axgd|ègt it | h T|i|h Rhahrri

met~`|i di|hrt |e | h hg|`rh T|i|h `gd xl`gk gh`k bexr`gk t|i|ht' [`| | h ix|ege extt|i|xt krig|hl |e | h et~`|i # | h axgd|èg`gk# igikh hg| igl lh `qhrp ea | h hi |thrq`dht it bhhg hg igdhl'

\ h l`t|r`d| it 4 De xg`|p mhi | Dhg|rht -DmD ex| ea | h |e|i ea 29# 9< ^r` irpmhi | Dhg|rh -^mD ex| ea =1 igl Txb&Dhg|rht -TD ex| ea 40;# 9 fhg|i met~`|iigl 9 \xbhrdx et`t -\B met~`|i ' @| i te it < ~r`qi|h gxrt`gk e ht igl i gx bhr ea ~r`qi|h d `g`dt' \ h l`t|r`d| it 410 igkig{il` dhg|hrt igl 01 Iddrhl`|hl Tedì

mhi | Id|`q`t|t -ITmIt ' figp ea | h hi | dhg|hrt iqh ge| bhhg edi|hl it ~hr Keqhrg hg| ea @glì ger t' \ hth xg`|t iqh qhrp t i ~e~x i|èg deqhrikh itiki`gt| | h ~rhtdr`bhl deqhrikh ea 2>#>>> ~hr ^mD igl 4>>> ~hr TD' me{hqhr `| `tlà dxc| |e t|r`d|cp aecce{ |mh Keqhrgfhg| ea @glì gerft lxh |e |mh |e~ekri~mp igl|hrri`g ea | h T|i|h' @g Giki igl# id `hq`gk | h h}~hd|hl ex|de h it ~hr Keqhrg hg|ea @glì ger t `t i d i hgkh bhdixth ea | h t i di|d hg| irhit ea igp ea | h

hi | xg`|t'

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Aer e~|` x hi | thrq`dh lh `qhrp# bit`d igl hi | dirh `garit|rxd|xrh `gd xl`gkyxir|hrt aer t|iaa `t i xt|' me{hqhr# `g igp ea | h hi | xg`|t | h t`zh igl gx bhr ea ree t irh `gilhyxi|h igl t|iaa yxir|hrt irh ido`gk' \ `t k`qht ree aer h}dxthea ibthg|hh`t ' [`| | h tx~~er| ea làahrhg| ikhgd`ht òh Gi|ègi Rxri mhi |f`ttèg -GRmf igl de xg`|`ti|èg# `garit|rxd|xrht ea hi | xg`|t iqh ` ~reqhl|e i irkh h}|hg|' @garit|rxd|xrh ~ir|`dx ir p aer | eth dhg|rht | i| iqh bhhg x~krilhl|e t|rhgk| hg | h `gt|`|x|ègi lh `qhrp thrq`dht rhyx`rh ibexr ree aid` `|`ht# hl`dihyx`~ hg|t# ig~e{hr igl t|iaa yxir|hrt'

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q` ikht `g igl irexgl Be|ti d`rd h igl \th `gpx d`rd h irh | h irhit ea degdhrg `g|hr t ea iddhtt |e hi | thrq`dht' \ h ~ett`b` `|p ea x~kril`gk er t à|`gk ea edi|èg |e`gdrhith iddhtt`b` `|p t i d i hgkh t`gdh | h q` ikht le ge| yxi àp aer i hi | dhg|hr lxh |e | h t`zh ea | h`r ~e~x i|èg' mhi | thrq`dht iqh e{hqhr ~reqhl | rexk | h

Q` ikh mhi | igl Gx|r`|èg Lip h l egdh i eg| t`gdh 2>>1' \ h mDt igl DmDth}|hgl | hth thrq`dht | rexk eb` h qigt igl i bx igdht ~req`lhl |e | h DmDti| Q`t{h i# \th `gpx# D `h~ ebezex igl aer | h ^mD i| Be|ti' @g rh i|èg |e e| hr l`t|r`d|t# | h lh `qhrp ea hi | dirh aid` `|`ht `t air bh||hr lxh |e bh||hr de xg`di|èg#degghd|`q`|p igl ~re}` `|p |e e| hr aid` `|`ht' @ xg`zi|èg# ~rh igl ig|h&gi|i d hdo&x~t# lh&{er `gk ea d ` lrhg irh id|`q`|`ht xglhr|iohg eg | h lip' \ `t it ` ~reqhl| h hi | t|i|xt ea | h q` ikhrt'

\ h hi | degtdèxtghtt e{hqhr ghhlt |e bh ` ~reqhl {`| erh hlxdi|èg igli{irhghtt | rexk @gaer i|èg Hlxdi|èg De xg`di|èg ~rekri ht' mhi | dirh`t l`rhd| p `gohl |e | h d`|`zhgt' mhgdh lhqh e~`gk i tpt|h aer hqi xi|`gk | h lh `qhrpea hi | dirh thrq`dht i| | h krittree| hqh `t drxdì '

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\ h Gi|ègi Rxri mhi | f`ttègt -GRmf ebjhd|`qh `t |e ~req`lh iddhtt`b h#iaaerlib h igl yxi `|p hi | dirh |e | h rxri ~e~x i|èg# ht~hdì p | h qx ghrib hthd|ègt | rexk t|rhgk| hg`gk ea ig~e{hr igl | rexk ` ~req`gk ea | h h}`t|`gk

hi | dirh aid` `|`ht' \ rexk ~rekri ht xglhr | h Gi|ègi Rxri mhi | f`ttèg-GRmf igl | rexk gt|`|x|ègi `zi|èg ea de xg`|`ti|èg# hi | dirh garit|rxd|xrh#hyx`~ hg|t igl tx~~ p ea hl`d`gh iqh degt`lhrib p ` ~reqhl `g Oe ` i l`t|r`d|'me{hqhr | hrh `t t|` ree aer ` ~reqh hg|' T er|ikh ea ig~e{hr igl ~eer `garit|rxd|xrh ilqhrth p iaahd| | h lh `qhrp ea yxi `|p hi | dirh thrq`dht' \ hth ttxht

iqh |e bh haahd|`qh p illrhtthl | rexk rhq`h{ ea ~e `d`ht# elhrg`zi|èg igl yxi `|p

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' e|mhr aid|ert iaahd|`gk mhic|m

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@g Giki igl | h ht|` i|hl ~e~x i|èg ea lrxk xthrt | rexk `gjhd|èg `t 2;#;;>;&2>>=' \ `t dex l bhi||r`bx|hl |e | h |irkh|hl g|hrqhg|èg ~rekri ht ea | h Giki igl T|i|h I@LT Deg|reTed`h|p -GTIDT t|ir|hl `g 9000 |e rhlxdh |rigt `ttèg ea m@Q i egkt| `gjhd|`gklrxk xthrt' I | exk m@Q ~rhqi hgdh it lhdrhithl# | h ~rhqi hgdh ea I@LT ditht

igl gx bhr ea er~ igt lxh |e I@LT iqh bhde h erh' \ h edi|èg ea | h Ig|` Rh|re&Q`ri \ hri~p -IR\ dhg|rh igl | h I@LT et~`dh# Oe ` i it bhhg ig ilqig|ikh |e| h ~he~ h ea | h l`t|r`d|' Ex| ea i |e|i ea 9220 ~i|`hg|t |rhi|hl `g | h T|i|h# 1>8 {hrh

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\mh Giki Met~`|ic Oem`fi `g 2>>0

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krittree|' \ h hlì dig bh i d iggh aer br`gk`gk ibex| bh iqèxri d igkht' \ hde xg`di|èg ki~ bh|{hhg | h thrq`dh ~req`lhrt igl | h rxri ~e~x i|èg t ex l bhrhlxdhl |e hgtxrh |` h p iqi` ib` `|p ea `gaer i|èg igl iddhtt |e hi | thrq`dht'

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\ h ebjhd|`qh ea hi | dirh lh `qhrp tpt|h t `t |e ` ~reqh | h eqhri hi | t|i|xt ea | h ted`h|p' \ hrh `t i derrh i|èg bh|{hhg {e hgt i{irhghtt igl iddhtt |e hi |dirh aid` `|`ht igl | h`r tedè&hdege `d t|i|xt' mhi | dirh aid` `|`ht irh iddhtthl

erh bp {e hg iq`gk bh||hr hlxdi|èg igl iq`gk bh||hr tedè&hdege `d t|i|xt' @g| h xrbig igl th `&xrbig irhit | h gx bhr ea {e hg { e rhdh`qhl i|hrgi igld ` l hi | dirh aid` `|`ht gdrhithl' I | exk | h JTP it degt`lhrib p deg|r`bx|hl |e`gdrhithl `gt|`|x|ègi b`r| # et| ea | h lh `qhr`ht t|` |ioh ~ idh i| e h itt`t|hl bpi hi | {erohr er i |ril`|ègi b`r| i||hglig|' [e hgt hi | igl gx|r`|ègi t|i|xt`g xhgdht ge| egcp |mh`r mhic|m bx| icte |mh {hcc bh`gk ea |mh`r dm`clrhg' Iddhtt |e

hi | dirh aid` `|`ht# ~ir|`dx ir p ea rxri {e hg# t irkh p lh|hr `ghl bp | h gde h ea | h exth e l# `gaer i|èg igl hgib `gk hgq`reg hg|' L`t~ir`|p `g | h hi | t|i|xt ea ~he~ h `g | h xrbig igl | h rxri irhit `g | h l`t|r`d| irh l`t|`gd| p q`t`b h' \ `t dig bhi||r`bx|hl |e | h hlxdi|èg igl i{irhghtt hqh # | h iqi` ib` `|p ea hi | dirh aid` `|`htigl de igl eqhr rhtexrdht'

' deffxg`|`ti|èg

De xg`|`ti|èg ea ~xb `d x|` `|p thrq`dht `g | h T|i|h {it hgid|hl `g | h phir 2>>2|e lh hki|h rht~egt`b` `|p igl |e t|rhgk| hg igl eb` `zh de xg`|p e{ghrt `~ ea | hitth|t igl aid` `|`ht drhi|hl bp | h Keqhrg hg|' [`| | h hgid| hg| ea de xg`|`ti|ègea hi | thd|er# | hrh it bhhg |igk`b h d igkh `g de xg`|p tx~~er| igl e{ghrt `~ea | h hi | dhg|rht' \ h ~id| ea de xg`|`ti|èg {it hq`lhg| | rexk | h ae e{`gkd igkht'

`' Bh||hr i||hgligdh ea t|iaa g hi | xg`|t'``' mhi | De `||hh h bhrt |io`gk de hd|`qh lhd`tègt aer i`g|hgigdh#

eb` `zi|èg ea rhtexrdht# lhlxd|èg ea ~ip ea |rxig| hi | t|iaa'```' Bh||hr tig`|i|èg ~rid|`dht'`q' Bh||hr iddhtt |e hi | thrq`dht'q' @ ~reqhl `garit|rxd|xrh'

H}if~ch ea i mhic|m dhg|rh {mhrh deffxg`|p ~ir|`d`~i|èg mit brexkm| ibex| t`kg` dig|

d igkh `t O xzi i Txb&Dhg|rh'

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Omxzifi q`ccikh c`ht eg |mh tex|mhrg |`~ ea Oem`fi

kohima district human development report

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