kodiyakkarai engineering survey soil investigations. pre
TRANSCRIPT
PRE-INVESTMENT SURVEY
OF FISHING HARBOURS
I Cl
E GI EE I G
SURVEY
SOIL INVESTIGATIONS
OESIG
REPORT PREPARED FOR
fl: Sf/ IND 55
TIECHNICAl REPORT 22
THIE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION Of THIE UNITED NATIONS
ACTING AS EXECUTING AGENCY FOR THE UNITED NATIONS IDEVIElOPMENT PROGRAMME
BY
SCANIDIACONSUlT
SCANDIACONSULT INTERNATIONAL AB
GOTHENBURG SWEDEN 1972
PREFACE
The Pre-Investment Survey of Fishing Harbours is beine conducted by the
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in cooperation
with the Government of India. The Food and Agriculture Organization of
the United Nations, on this Project, is acting as the Executing and
Participating Agency for the United Nations Development Programme. The
Agency has sub-contracted ce:;:·tain profes-sional and other services to
Scandiaconsult International. AJ3, Sweden.
The Project has its Headquarters at Bangalore, India. This Technical..
Report constitutes one of a number of reports which will be issued
during the life of the Project. The contents of this Report are based
on the work of Scandiaconsult personnel and of other professional and
technical. staff provided by the Government of India and the Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
The conclusions and recommendati~ns given in the Report are those con
sidered appropriate at the time of its preparation. They may be mod
ified in the light of further knowledge gained at subsequent stages
of the Project.
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this
document (and maps) do not imply the expression of any opinion whatso
ever on the part of the United Nations or the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or constitu
tional status of any country, territory or sea area, or concerning the
delimitation of frontiers.
FAO. Kodiyakkarai - Engineering - Survey, Soil Investigations, Design prepared by the Pre-Investment Survey of Fishing Harbours Project, India 20p. 12 Drawings. FI:SF/IND 55 Technical Report 22.
A B S T R A C T
This report describes engineering studies involving survey, soil invest
igations and design for a site at Kodiyakkarai in the State of Tamil Nadu
on the east coast of India.
Survey work included topographic and hydrographic surveys.
Soil Investigations included sounding and sampling using Swedish systems
and e~uipment. Soil conditions in the area consist of sand layers over
lying gravel. Conditions are suitable for the use of piled foundations
for structures.
Design study outlines the design of a T-shaped jetty to provide fair
weather landing and berthing facilities. The jetty will cater for
vessels with maximum draft of 1.8 m. At the root of the jetty an area
is provided for shore facilities. The estimated cost of the works is
Rs. 1,275,000 (US$ 175,000 approx.).
Chapter l:
Chsi-pter 2:
Chapter 3:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SURVEY REPORT
l.l l.2 l.3 l.4 l.5 l.6 l. 7 l.8 l.9 l.lO
Location of Site Survey Period Baseline Grid Datum Topographic Survey Hydrographic Survey Maps List of Co-or0inates Tide
l.ll Drawings
SOIL INVESTIGATIONS REPORT
2.l Assignment 2.2 Methods of Work 2.3 Borings Executed 2.4 Positioning and Levelling 2.5 Laboratory Tests 2.6 Description of Soil Layers ·2.7 Conclusions ·2.8 Borehole Schedule 2.9 Soil Sample Schedule 2.10 Particle Size Distribution Analysis 2.ll Soil Mechanics Syr~~ols Sheets 2.l2 Drawings
DESIGN REPORT
3. l Int:i:oduction 3.2 Location o:f the Harbour 3.3 Size, Layou-:., and Details of the Harbour
3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 3.3.5 3.3.6 3.3.7 3.3.8
General Depth Landing Jetty Approach Jetty Design Conditions Soil Conditions Water Supply Fuel
3.3.9 Power 3.3.10 Drainage 3.3.11 Fencing
3.4 Drawings 3.5 Cost Estimate
Page No.
l 1 1 1 1 l 1 l 2 2 2
3 3 4 4 4 4 4·
5 6 7
13 l5
16 16 16
16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 18
18 19
SURVEY
Chapter 1
SURVEY REPORT
1.1 LOCATION OF SITE
The site investigated is located (Lat. 10°16 1, Long. 79°49 1
) on the northern shore of Palk Straits approximately 6 kms. west of the lighthouse at Point Calimere.
1. 2 SURVEY PERIOD
The survey work was carried out during the period 5th to 16th October, 197l.
1. 3 BASELIJl.TE
A baseline for the survey was established and the ends were marked by steel-pipes cast in concrete pillars set in the ground. The distance between the stations was measured by steel-tape and the azimuth corrected for deviation determined by prismatic compass.
l.4 GRID
A local survey grid was established and rectangular co-ordinates were calculated for the two main stations and for some temporary traverse stations.
1. 5 DATlJM
Datum for the survey is 1.473 m below a Survey of In~ia benchmark (Ref. Topo. No. 366) for which a description is given as follows:-
11 BOM on concrete pillar near the building in ruins on the coast. The pillar is o.6 x o.6 and o.6 m above the ground level and has a circular depression ·about 0.3 mat the centre. 11
1.6 TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY
Topographic features were surveyed by tacheometry.
1. 7 HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
Hydrographic survey was carried out using Kelvin and Hughes Echo-· sounder MS-36 with an outboard rig mounted o:c. a local fishing boat. The positions were determi".led by t!.-1eodoli te observatio:as from two stations on land.
1. 8 l{P~PS
The results of Topographic and Bydrographic survey :plotted in scale 1:1000 are shown on Drg. No. 56-11.
l ..L
l.9
l.10
1.11
LIST OF CO-ORDINATES
Station North East Height
1 1000.00 500.00 +0.949
2 808.70 716.43 +0.945
TIDE
The survey period was not long enough to allow recordings in sufficient detail for tidal analysis. Tidal values for the standard port of Nagapattinam (approx. 52 kms. north of Point Calimere) were obtained from Indian Tide Tables, 1971. Assuming that tidal conditions at Kodiyakkarai are similar to those at Nagapattinam the following tidal values for Xodiyakkarai relative to Survey Datum have been calculated:-
MHWS MHWN MLWN MLWS MLLWS
+0.31 +0.13 -0.14 -0.31 -0.34
Based on Madras Tidal Data as given in Admiralty Tide Tables II, 1972, the following ·water levels at Kodiyakkarai can be assumed:-
DR.A WINGS
Drawing No.
56-03
56-09
56-10
56-11
H.A.T. +0.31 + +o.4 = +0.7 m
L . .A.T. -0.31 + -0.2 = -0.5 m
Title
Coastline of India with location of proposed harbour, Scale 1:10,000,000
Map showing location of site, Scale 1:63,360
Northern coastline of Palk Straits, Scale 1:300,000
Survey - October, 1971; Scale 1:2,000
2
SOIL INVESTIGATIONS
Chapter 2
SOIL INVESTIGATIONS REPORT
2.l ASSIGNMENT
The investigations of the site which were carried out during the period 5th and 16th October, l97l, were undertaken to obtain information for the general planning and design of a fishing harbour.
2.2 METHODS OF WORK
The methods used for carrying out the work were as follows:-
A - Penetration Test Borings
Hammer sounding
B - Sai11pling
Post Hole Auger Swedish Standard Piston Sampling (St.II)
C Recording of Borings and Test Results
A Penetration Test Borings
Hammer sounding
This method of drilling is classed as one of the penetration tests. The equipment consists of 3 m long 32 mm diam. flush-jointed steel rods; with a square drill bit 40 x 40 mm the tip of which is turned to a conical point. The rod and bit are put into the ground, cylindrical wedges are locked on to the rod about 1.50 m above the ground. A 65 kg. weight is lifted 60 cm. above the locked wedges and allowed to fall freely onto them, driving the bit and rod into the ground. The number of blows required to drive the bit for each step of 20 cm. is noted. The locked wedges are released and lifted up along the rods and re-locked for further driving, additional 1 m or 3 m long rods being added as required.
General
The above method of sounding was carried out without casing. No allowance is made for the increased weight of drilling rods or the increased friction on the surface of the rods at increasing depths. This method of solLriding provides inforr:iation for drawing resistance-to-penetration diagra:ms and indicate the general nature of the soil penetrated.
Samples are taken at points determined from the results of the soundings. These samples are examined and tested to establish the characteristics of the soil, which information is read in conjunction with the sounding diagrams.
B - Sampling
Post Hole Auger
This is used above the water table in cohesionless soils and in all but the hardest cohesive soils, to obtain disturbed samples.
3
2.3
Swedish Standard Piston Sampler (Designation St.II)
This sampler is used for taking 50 :mm diam. undisturbed samples. The sampler containing 3 Nos. 170 Ill1ll long and 50 mm diam. reinforced plastic sample tubes is forced into the ground without using any casing. A piston pushes the- soil to the side so that it does not enter the sampler. 'When the desired depth is reached the rods are rotated in an anti-clockwise ciirection thereby forcing out past the piston a thin-walled metal tube with a hard metal cutting shoe containing the sample tubes. The sampler is withdrawn and after removal of the cutting shoe, a clockwise rotation of the sa.'llpling rods extrudes the samples in the tubes, each end of which is then covered with a plastic disc and an air-tight rubber cap. The numbers permanently marked on the sides of the tubes are recorded together with the depths from which the samples were taken.
C Recording of Borings and Test Results
The symbols indicated on the enclosed pages: Soil Mechanics Symbols Sheets Nos. 1 and 2 are used on all plans, sections and diagrams describing the borings.
BORINGS EXECUTED
The total number of borings was
12 Hammersoundings.
Samples were collected in l hole.
The locations of the borings are shown in the Borehole Plan Drg. No. 56-4. The results of the soundings are drawn in diagram form on Drg. Nos. 56-5 to 56-7.
2.4 POSITIONING AND LEVELLING
The positions and levels of boreholes were fixed with reference to the Project local grid and datum respectively.
2.5 LABORATORY TESTS
Tests have been carried out on some of the samples by the Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras.
2.6 DESCRIPTION OF SOIL LAYERS
The borings have indicated that the soil consists. of sand down to a level of about -12 m where a slightly firmer-layer of sand and gravel begins. Then at about -15 to -18 m there comes a still firmer layer which seems to consist of gravel and pebbles. No rock was met in any of the boreholes.
2.7 CONCLUSIONS
The investigations indicated that soil conditions are suitable for construction of a q_ua~r on :piles. Pro:posed builaings can be foundea directly on sand. Provided the foundation is at least l m2, a work loa,d of 20 t/:m2 can be permitted for foundations resting on firm sand. Only negligible
4
settlements are expected to occur in the sand.
The results from the investigations are recorded on the following documents annexed hereto:-
Borehole Schedule 1 Page
Soil S3lil~le Schedule 1 Page
Particle Size Distribution Analysis 6 Pages
Soil Mechanics Symbols Sheets 2 Pages
2.8 BOREHOLE SCHEDULE
Bed or
5
Borehole Stop Number
Easting Northing Ground Depth Level
Remarks Level
1 715 821 +0.8 17.6 -16.8 H/S
2 719 772 +0.6 19.4 -18. 8· H/S
3 723 722 +0.7 17.0 -16.3 H/S
4 731 624 -2.5 6.6 - 9.1 H/S
·5 625 811 +l.3 19.0 -17.7 H/S
6 620 754 +o.6 17_.6 -17.0 H/S
7 623 715 +0.7 19.0 -18.3 H/S
8 631 616 -2.6 5.6 - 8.2 H/S
9 516 804 +o.4 16.o -15.6 H/S
10 524 705 +0.7 20.3 -19.6 H/S
11 528 656 -1.1 2.0 - 3.1 H/S
12 532 606 -2.8 5.0 - 7.8 H/S
s
2.9
SO
IL
SAM
PLE
SCH
EDU
LE
~--------
-------
Bo
reh
ole
M
/C
Bul
k LL
PL
P
I c
Su
lph
ate
Rem
arks
D
epth
be
low
S
ampl
e D
escr
ipti
on
Dens~ty
2 ¢0
G.L
. (m
) %
g/
cm
· %
%
' %
kg
/cm
C
on
ten
t T
este
d b
y
BORE
HO
LE I
G.L
. +
0.7
m
0.5
B
row
n m
ediu
m to
fin
e
23
.8
Nil
II
T,
sil
ty S
AND
Mad
ras
1.
0 B
row
n m
ediu
m
SAND
2
5.9
N
il
IIT
, M
adra
s
2.0
G
rey
ish
bro
wn
sil
ty
22
.6
2.0
7
Nil
II
T,
fin
e
SAND
w
ith
sea
M
adra
s sh
ell
s an
d od
our
of
org
anic
so
ils
2.1
5
Dar
k br
own
sil
ty
22
.2
2.0
2
Nil
II
T,
fin
e
SAND
w
ith
sea
M
adra
s sh
ell
s an
d o
do
ur
of
org
anic
so
il
4.1
5
Dar
k br
own
sil
ty
27
.6
2.2
1
N:i.
l II
T,
fin
e
SAND
w
ith
sea
M
adra
s sh
ell
s an
d od
our
of
org
anic
so
il
4.2
5
Dar
k br
own
sil
ty
25
.8
1.6
3
Nil
II
T,
SAND
w
ith
sea
sh
ell
s M
adra
s
0\
2·1
0 P
AR
TIC
LE
SIZ
E
DIS
TR
IBU
TIO
N
I S
AN
D
I G
RA
VE
L C
LAY
S
ILT
o,
.,n:!
Fin
o
O,n(>~z
Mo
dlu
m
o.o~
C
oa
rse
0,
1111
3 F
ino
o.
~ M
od
lum
o,,,
·J C
oors
<?
2 F
ine
6,
~ M
\?d
lum
H
F""'------~-1-•------i-1-------i-------
o.u~
;·--
·-o;
;-;;
----
-o.;
-:;-
o.~
--·,
-,,-
,--~
· ?,
q ~-
-4,o
G.
o -1
1:;-
1ti9
l 1 o
11
-·----
··---·
··1---
--+--
--r· --
---· :-
-·----1
·: ·
··-----
.. ··r--·
----·
:----
--,-
----
·r··-
···· -
-r-·
-:--
--:-
-~1
9c\
----
-·--
--·-
· 1
--··
----·--
·----~ -
-·--
---
--.,.
___
____
____
___
-~-i .....
.... i ......
J-···j
:.· ......
.. L ....
T.~_,_,j __
__ .....
J. _____
____ 1_ ..
..... ·.-J
.. __ 1 __
]._1
I I
I 1
I I
I I
I I
• •
.J -~
. .I
J J
..J .I
.I .I
J I
I I
I I
I I
I
(:'J
r·--
----
--·---
-1--
-·--
--·-
----
-+--
--·-
---~
-. i--~r---:H··-·---
~ 1-;------~--
.... -i-~
1-1· 1
7C \
----
----
---+
----
----
-!
\:.-
~--·
.:--
-J--
~---
-i-
~---
-__;
----
~--+
~-~-
-___
;_ -~
~
1 I
l I
I I
I I
I I
I
·1 .
.I
.I J
J .I
J
J .
.J .I
J J
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
I I
I I
I '
I j.
I I
I !
' I
• '
. ,
.. .l
t
1 )
J •
~I .l
•
I ·1
. l .l
.I
.! !
l l
I I
1 I
I I
' :1
SC
!------------------+
--------·--
J.--
~---
--:-
----
,---
-r-.. -
----~-
-·--.,--·-
---...;_.·
----· .1 ..
---
-· .J
. ·--;---~----~--~
('" I
I I
f I
I J
I I
I I
I I
I 11
~n 1 .·c1
----
----
-----
-----t=
j_____
1 ·1-
..j ··--
; ;._ .
. -1·
+-1··--
-·--1·-
-·--j ·-
-T-t
j_ .11
: ,,.,
I -
_j .J
.! '
J _J
·1
J _:
..; 1'
_, .:
J j I
~-: =t
I
I l
! t
I I
I I
1 J
lj.
rl ~cl
,__
---_
, .:-J
·---J-
_1-}-
------
J-. ---
T----J-
:------j
·----1'.
-J---j---~~i
i I l
1 I
I I
I 1
1 t
11
~} l---
--------
----+--~
--,-
~ i
---:---+-----i--------~---·-r--r-:
1
·c: ·L
~
~ .J
-1
.J
~
~ ~
~ ,
~ ~
~ ~
2 10
--
---
1 • 1 ..
--1
--·-
~-·---
-1--;.
..·---
·--:-
----
-:-·
-·--
--:-
-·--
--~-
--J1 ---
;---.+
----!-
~ (:_
,) 1
I I
1 I
t I
' t
I I
~, .
, -
\..
..J
.,J
1 .J
..J
.J
"L
..J
J
..J
.J .J
.J
ob-·
L
,==
=-=
-__
____
_1 _
_____ ~
_____ .
1. ___ .L
_____
___ ~--
-.. _
_ L __
_____ !
___ p
___ .
_ l.
_ .J ..
.. L._.
_L __
~-~
I' .. no. ·~-·-··
Ocg
an
k co
nte
nt
US
_S
tonc
l. -s
ieve
R
eta
tne
pg
f~jp
~l
MA
TE
RIA
L
~-·¥·-
se
r I\
?$
m
.m.
gr0~1
'/'
>-,,,
' I
-:.!.
Re
ad
ing
I
%
of
~o
of
R0
mo
ved
wit
h
HiO
z [l
--
n.
gfl
I m0t
<2
rn
dt<
16
.
. 1.
fo
un
d
____
____
1______
_ ____
__ Ir
on
pr0
c1p
1ta
.ion
n
o\
! ou
n d
. !-
----
-+--
---
. t-------·-
Ra
mo
val
of
iro
n w
ith
oxa
late
so
luti
on
D
...._
__
~---
mm
SIT
E
KQPJ
YAJ<
K.A
.8.A
I
JOB
No .
..
80R
EH
OLE
7
0·5
m
be
low
G
. L
. ....
.......
,, ...
.
RE
MA
RK
S G
.J ...
: ±
.9:.
7 m
Srp
wn
.m
ediu
m. ..
. tp
. ft
ne
..
silty
S
an
d.
We
igh
0d
q
ua
nti
ty
-< 2
rnm
g
ram
T
ES
TE
D B
Y.
2 %
!-------+
--
~--·-
I. t-
i=--
~---
--j
Ma
teri
al
<2
mm
fr
om
.,·
.
--
-· _
_
I "i
eve
a
na
lysis
S
pec.
gra
vit
y
_ _J_G
---~Temp.
. -----
2\J
------·
,. ---
O,n
er
test
s
I ~E [=
~ .....
-~ C
op
,llc
"ty
.
m
t 11
;.J
I I
-1 H
. ~-L
._r~
-~-,
_ _
___ ]_ 1 1
ygro
sco
pic
fi'.,t
r~:~
=:-_
J ~~::,
:~ubefoc
o [ _
___ _
_j __ ~~
-~~~J=
--=-t-
--J V~
cight a
fte
r ---
____
__ ]
'A0h
Jht
toi:.
:>.
g
'---
~-··
·g
g
1-----1
-----,.
-+
----
2 0
I 00
I O
6
I I -----+
--
0·2
~ 0
6 '_
~-?-t--~
~06 ~
--
-0
02
4
0 _,_
___
-~-
00
2
0 0
--
---
--..
..-
---
.. --.-~-
2:
10
0
----
·-~---
--~~-·~
--~----
DE
PT
. O
F C
IVIL
E
NG
INE
ER
ING
IN
DIA
N
INS
TIT
UT
E
OF
TEC
HN
OLO
G'1
M
AD
RA
S.
5~ -
16
CL
AY
I
PA
RT
ICLE
S
IZE
D
IST
RIB
UT
ION
S
I LT
I S
AN
D
GR
AV
EL
·---
_ ---·------~,,,.,., __
_ !::Inc-~ ii.
::-.
£1:.
!!!1
~ .. c_
o_a;
rs_~
•
0.1111
~~--
I!.n..
!L ---
~rr_
M_ed
11.!
.DL
o ... J
-·~o
qr!>
fL~~
--11
D.~-
-~
6,J
.J4
...S'.9
..Ll:lm
_ H
1
';·" [-·--
·-------
F----··
--------
1---·--
·---. __
__ .. _ .. ____
~1 ·0 -y~·-··..Y
x:i... __
-· 11 -~f'
· ----
---]r:
r:-~y-
-~--2.
·;I~-
·--y---
--J'-'J
"-';ry
s ~;
i< o
o, Y
AK
KA
R A
1 I
I l
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
~I .
..., .. ."
...........
........ ''
7:~ I
.. . ...
. .
----··
----
-..
__ ..
. ~-
----
--·~
----
-· -
--
; ......
... \-·
~-·
, ... i ..
.. · .,
.--;.~
.... .,,.
"~·~--
~ ~ ·---
-\-·--·
... ·--:
-·~-
-. ~·
+·-·
~f-~
-+·-
~
I I
I .
. .I
.J • 1
J J
. .J
J I
• .I
.I .I
J I
•I
l I
I I
I I
I I
l l
' I
I 1
. I
I I
I I
J t
I
C'J
r---.
. ..
..... -
· 1-
. ,. _
_ ----
~-----
·-·---
j-....
....,.
---~--
1 .. ·t--·
--~1~·
-·· 1·-
·j--~ ·
--J-
.~ --
~--·--
~'.----~~-~(-·-.. -
~:~-
t~j-
·il
?:~ --
----
----
----
--.. -J1
--------
--·-----
------
-·--
• --
~-·-
·~J-
i---
-r--
--1-
~---
--+-
~----·-~
--~-
---·
;---
r1--
~~ --·
-+-!
I .
I ·:
·~ 1
~ ~
. ~
·; ~
1 ~
: ~
~I J 0
B N
0.
... '
" ..
. . .
.....
. ,
1"(:
..
----
----
---·
--,-
-~ .. --
----
--1
1--
-----~~-·--r-f--·-
:~1-
-~--
~~--
---:
----
;··-
-+· .. ·
f---·i
-·;f
80R
l::"H
OLE
7
I .
·1 .I
.I
' I
J I
·:
.I
.I
' .:\
.I
.I
.1,I
' -
... .. .
......
... ..
! l
! I
' '
t 1
I I
,
.... ,,
' -.. -
-.......
_ .. _____
_ t-·----
.. -----
-1---
-1--·
---i :
------:-
T-J
-~·1
·-·:
-·--
t ·--;
-' ;---
; -'. jj
l·O.m
. b.
e.lo
w ... G
.L.
•' .::
I ·-
----
··--
---·--------·-----f-~·---------j-----·--1·-:-
... ;
---.:
I .. --
----
! -·1
----
--~-
----
·-·
~----··-"-
.. : ..
......
; ..
. ; .
......
. :\
I J
' j
' I
I '
I !
J
I j
I I
J '
I ,
I I
, I,
, 1'
•••
· '.' ~ _ _
_______
__ ) _____
_ ... _ -----
-~
___ ---
t-----
-·--_-,
-~i. _
_ .·: ..
__ -~l
-i. ___
_____ J
__ J __
-~-
-------~
;. _____
____ :_
.......... ~ _
:L .. --!
. . ...
J -~~:
! I
' L
'
' :
. I
: .,
I I
' '
i' '
' ,
. 1' R
EM
A~<
KS
G
. L.=
+ 0
. 7 m
''·
.
' .,
·I
~ .
J .I
-
.J
·1 .J
.J
.J
.J
J .1
" .
j !
I I
I l
1 I
' I
I 'I
------
-----
-, ----~-----11·--: -~
---;--
----r-
-~-------i-1·---:-----+----·--·~-----1---
•. : .. ---+-
.. :-:.
1 ~
. ~
~ -1
~
~ ~
~ ~
1 ·!
~ ":
~.
-----+--
-----r
--·----
-1----
--~-i
: ·--.: ··
·-. J-r ·
~j r
-j .. --
-·-j
. --·
j-·-J
-j--
-~-:
; i
•', ..
--L
----
-----
-I·
----
---
----
____
___ !...
.. : ....
_., !
..... !.
. .....
.... ~
.. l .....
... ~-
........ _
; __ ...
.. :
.. J
.. : .
. __
; ..
.. '. .
. ~;
i c :• l
nr;
-----
---.
-.
... ' -
-· --
-1 O
r a
nic
con
t<?n
t us
S
t o.
nd.
-510-v~--
R-e-tain.d_d=--~pg~~T~l~l
i ,
. :-1
,-----
,--1-
·· ---!
9
_ se
rie
s
mm
. .:!
.'.~
't'
_ >-
... }.:.
_ M
AT
ER
IAL
"·::
.,
1n
ci
l f<,
0
1
((o
of
I Re
mo
ved
wi'.
h
li!O
i [ 1
i
''· I
gf
l ! f
T\(
l\ <
21 r~
1,:it<
16 i'O
•
I t
• ·o
fou
nd
-----
----
3---rn
1--
-('
-[-
i----
--r---
---
.. ~
' n
.P· c
c p1
a
, I
n n
ot
f('u
nd
.
--
·--
------
r -: ..
... 11
_··
----
-..
....
l. --..
. ·----·
-R
em
ova
l o
f ir
on
wit
h o
xala
te
so
luti
on
D
r •
\ .
. .......
-·
--·-
---
-----
:-··
----
---·
----
----
--------·
\/0
19
hC
'd q
ua
nti
ty
<2
mm
g
rain
}
I I
,, . -
---
--
Bro
wn
mo
d1
urn
S
an
d.
TE
ST
ED
BY.
i -
--
-~--
----
--i-
----
··--
----
-N
ute
ricll-<
2rn
m
fro
m
sie
ve
an
aly
sis
0 10
l-~-
' -!-
----
)---
----
----
----
Te
mp
. S
pec.
gra
vit
y
,_
_ _
_ , _
_
! I c
I
I --
---
·1--
---
1--:~·-r---·-----1
--·----J
.... ---
-· O
!he
r te
sts
2
0 I 0
0
! ,,J
I
--·-
----
----
----
---
DE
PT
. O
F C
IVIL
E
NG
INE
ER
ING
IN
DIA
N
INS
TIT
UT
E
OF
TE
CH
NO
LOG
\ M
AD
RA
S.
;--_~--r-------
,-----
-----
-----
Ca
pilla
rity
m
0
5 ~-
--!-
--.. -
--1
-. --------
' "
. .
-0~·
, !'(
' I
I H
yg ro
c.c
op1c
·-
'.'. :_
; .....
---
-i ---
----
----
O · 0
6
9 S
i
2 ;
I I
I W
nsh
inn
_
__
__
_ -----·-
---
--t
---
1--
---
_ .. _
__
_
----
----
"'
<"0
·06
I
' ) \
Vc,
ichl
b
('fo
re
,., --:
__ _
__
........
... __
__
__
__
_ ----,
" -
----
-1--
-..
-'-
---
----
" ,.
-0 ·0
02
2
0
t' L
j Wci
Qh\
o
fte
r .
. g
~---
----
----
----
-·--
---
------
--, -
----
---
--·-
-<O
· 00
2
0 ...
_ I__
__
WP
i')h
t !o
r.s.
a
. i-
------
-· ·i'
o6
1 __
__
, _.
.,_.
, ~·~I
0
co
5 {)
17
PA
RT
ICL
E
SIZ
E
DIS
TR
IBU
TIO
N
CU
'.Y
SIL
T
I S
AN
D
GR
AV
EL
"''"
F
ine
o,,
,.r,~
Mo
dlu
rn
0,11
.1
Co
ars
e
0 .•• 1
11
Fin
o
0.2
Mo
dlu
rn
o,.,J
Co
ars
e
7 F
ine
6
,i
Me
diu
m
H
, -·
----"-~--··--·-'>·-~----~--v-r ---·-----:"-------------i-o.:,;~
· · o:~;;·-·-o~;-----0.-~-·1:~.----~·-~·----A:-;;-.=.Ie.~ -
·-;,
-::~
--.. 1t
19l
, 1 1: ----
---·---·--· ---
f ----
------
--~--1
------
------
-. 11 -----
---~
I "'J
'--·--·
r-----J
--: · ---
--·r-J ·
-·-r--
.. ------.
: .... -·---
.. -.; .. ·--·
-_ -r--
T--;
11
I I
l I
I I
I I
I J
I I
I 'I
;1':i
.. ~
_J_.
-·
. ..
--
··1----~-
.. -~--..... -
--:~-
-... ~
: ........
.. ; .....
, . ._ ...... ~ ..
. ,. ..... ~ .
........ --
·: .... ,,. ...
~ ...... -: ....
................
,~·-·""'"
'~-...
---~
-! I
I I
' I
I l
I I
l '
I '
' I
f I
j 1
J,
I I
,; J
.I '
.I .l
.I .1
,
:;u \ _
..
· .. --
1 ---·
--~----
--------
----· --
!-----
----~-
--.... · :
.. ,... ...... _
.. J ~--·
11 ·-r-
·-·-
-----
~--,--
------
--:.~-
·---·~
----1
'-... .
.\--~~
--~-~I
I
I I
' '
' '
' I
I '
i I
'I
I 'l -'
.I
. .J
.J
• .J
J
~ .I
.J ,j
J
0 I
l 1
I I
I ~
I I
t I
t l
• 7
'\
! '
~ I
I I
I I
I \
l '
I
'.. -.
.. ---
---)
----
----
----
----
1---
----
----
+---
~---
.--;
-·r-
·-·--
-r--
·--1-
---·-
----
----
--r-
----1~-----1-
-·----
---:--
--··J·
~-.. ----
-1 --
--,-.,I
l I
I I
t l
I ~ !
!
l I
I I
• l
I I
( :1
t __
____
__ .
.. _
_ -~
/ ___
__
_ --
-----~
----
·I _
__
__
_ J _
_ ·i----·
_J ___
_ J_ t _.
____ -~
_j __
_ j __
___ J
·-~~
_J ___ ...
.. J. _
t. J ___
L: 11
i i
: --
----
-j
'1
'
: :
' '
: :
I J
1· I
' I
( J
l !
I l
' '
.l
,'
·-· _ l --
·-----
-·----
----L_
·-----
--·---
~-----
____
____
_ !. ·
'·--
---'.
..... _
, .. ! .....
. ,._
· · · -··
r--·
...
.... --
-~--· ·
·-.. ~-
-· ..
·· .
....
·1 ...... ,
'. •• , .
... ~
•·
• .'
. j
1 I
I ,
, '
• •
1 ;t
I I
I I
l l
: J
.I ~
! J
i I
I :
I 1'
I •
! '
l l
I t
I I
-«
--
----
-· i
--
-···
-.. -
---
····
-·-.
. f ...
. ··-
~--·
·---
----
----
J---
----
----
~ ...
L_.,
....
, ..
.. : .
.... , ..
___
_ ,
-1--
·--
-.--
......
......
; ···
---
·· •.
,. ..
_.
.1:·
I i
j' ~
I •
' I
I .
I .J
J ..
..
;•:
'•,
)'
i I
I :
: ;
I I
--·
·-·--
------
.... .,
____
----
----
---,
----
---
-· ·-·
·------~-----·--
•·--
----
··
·-· -
-··--
----
··· r
-·1
---
----
----
·· ·-
--...
·---
· ---
--· .
... -
'./l
I J
: I
l '
i ~.i.
I -1
I ·1
.:
, ,
• ,
.J
l' .. J
J ,
• -·
i l
I '
' I
' '
I '
' 1
;~ .
. ..
....
···
··
1 --
-!~ __
......,__ ___
j_·--·-
--1
: ... _I:
··-J
t·~i
-----·;-
-> ·
: ~
......
.. :'
(_.)
",'I
I
! '
·I '
! j
l I
-11~
~--·-·-------
-----·----!--------·-----------~---~----~~---------~;---~----~-----
·---
-•·-
~'..
----
----
~··-
~-.. -
·-,~
· --
-···
•-1
• ··
···-
--·•
· --
·--r
-•··
-"··
·~-~
....
; ··
····
--·
~-.. ~·-··
'·-·
·-,.~
J:
!-------
------.
j
.-1
,1 .J
~
J :i
~i
! :·--yl
n·J
c·,
~ .i
-!
·--·
-·l_
...~
~~J .
..... -
~~-~--
~---·
______ l
, _____
______
. ___ ....
... _!.,
.~--
--~ ·.-
···-·· ~
... -! ...
. 1, .••
~ ••
j •
• -
',_,
' .
~ .. '
. U
S S
t a.ri
d.
1--:
.. ., "
irf t
a i·n
-0 ...
-· -·
1P?;
c_o_
17t--
1
inq
g/
I ..
Or<
JG .. 1
11c
co
nte
nt
Slo
ve
J-!.'.i
'_.
--·1"·0 -
-· ..
• p.i
~_, '.
g /
S
(7r1
es
1 r~1m
1 l'_
]r''H
\,
1 >
1.:
'(o
of
ricn
"ovc
:J w
::h H~
Oz j-
--1
1--~
--~-
----
----·-
------r
-·· ....
.... .
'"'J
t<1
1·
' I
, ·
" ..
1 ·
1 ,
· f o
u r•
d ·
· -·1
·· --
--·-
--·
,, ro
n
prc:
c1p1
.c.1
on
· .
1 ,
no
:· f
ounr
:J
r--,
f-
----
----
-L ..
____
_ \ __
_ ..
....
. .
; R
0m
ovu
t o
f i·
on
wi!
h
oxo
lato
so
luti
on
1
1 1
j I
I
'.f :1
MA
TE
RIA
L
mm
SIT
E
KO
DIY
AK
KA
RA
I
.JOB
NQ.
80
RE
HO
L[
7
2·0
m
belo
w
G.L
.
RtH
AF
J<S
G
.L."
' + O
· 7.r
n
Gre
yish
b
row
n
silty
fi
ne
S
an
d
wrt
h
sea
sh
ells
odou
1 o
f o
rga
nic
so
ils.
.. ·---
i V/r.
•:qh0
rJ
qu
c:r
llity
<
I rn
rn
i;;r
qrn
,_
J (...f
-~~ ..... -~
~i-__ ::
:-.J~~
--J __
· ---~-
-~!
j H
::ir
;rio
t -<
,2 r
nrn
fr
om
si
e•1
0
an
aly
sis
0 /o
l-·
·---·-
t~--c·
J ______ .
_ 1f_
....
.. ,...!
T
ES
TE
D B
Y.
I ! 1
. I.
. i
' i .~
---
-,! fo
rnp
. S
pe
c g~av:ty
1..-
----
---'
-~--
----J
· .. ___ ·-_
_ 1t -
·-.~~--
Q_:h_
c_r __
_ 15'.2_~
~ H
' ?-~-
+--.
_____
g _____
.l_Q
Q __ l
1 C
cp
tllc
rity
m
9-'--~----
,,... ..
. ..
______
. 1 ----
----1
Hys;ro~.copic
__
<2__
'_2 ~-----
____
_ J~
----
·---
'
I ww
:hin
q
~o·_<?Gj·-----~-°--r'-------
-~ ....
---
--''
< 0
'0
6 1
----1-
-·---.. -
---f-
: o·0
02
'
10
'
0 t-
-.
-·· ·
------
·---
·--'--
-.
f~~~00?L~
---1.0
6~+-.
0 j
l//n
l'.;
ht
b-?!
c:-c
g
V./r·:
1 .__:ht
c{
~er
--
----
----
g \\
'r\;
•)!
it
! 1,1
~. ::.
s
DE
PT
. O
F C
IVIL
E
NG
INE
fRlN
G
IND
IAN
IN
ST
ITU
TE
O
F TE
CH
NO
LOG
'1
MA
DR
AS
.
\0
.c; 0
~IR
I P
AR
TIC
LE
SIZ
E
DIS
TR
IBU
TIO
N
I C
L/\
Y
SIL
T
I S
AN
D
GRA
VEL
o,.
, ... !
Fin
l?
o.o<•o
: M
0dlu
m
o . .,~
C
oors
<?
0,111i
~ F
ino
o.
~ M
ed
ium
o ..
,~ C
oa
rse
2
Fin
e
~.i
Me<
;Llu
rn
10
1 on
r===-·
--·-·---_
----~=
=r----
-·~-=-
_-_: __
-:=i=
·------
--=-+-
=-=--·-
------..
1.91;_
·~~--o
;r~=::
.11r\
.. ··----
... ?(--
--~~
Jf==
~'"i
·:·c
: ____ •
:"--···
-·:·=: ¥
-:-1
m m
.
9c I---
·--·~·--
···· l---
-··· .. ·--
-------~--
-1--·-····
--· _ ....
... _J _
____
___ J.
t.. ____ J
....... ·
J-.. ·! .
..
,, ___
t ... , ....
J. ___ ...
.. _J.~·--·
· ...... -1_ .
. -~· _· __
.,j_, _
_ 1 __
t_1 S
ITE
K
O Q
.1.X.
A KK
~.R.A
J I
I I
I I
I t
I I
I I
.J _,
' .1
..J •
...J
J ...J
_, .J
,J J
I (
I I
I I
I I
I I
II
••"
.. ,.
,,
. ...
... ,
,, """'
-·---·
-· ----~---+-
~---
---1
··-~-
------
~·---1
-:----
----
-~--
r---
--;.
----
--~·
····
·---
.. ·--~-~--~-.:-
' I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
J .I
.J
.J
• J
.J ..J
.I
J J
J I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
7c I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
•---
----
--•-
--·
.;-:
~r;-
-_r-
-··-
1-··
T---
--T~
j---
.:~···----J---
J·--:;-
-y-J/·
JOB
No
I I
1 I
I I
I I
I I
I I
1---------+---------·-l--:----!----1·-~--
~-l---;
~-----~------t-··---~----+.-~·-;\
I I
' I
' I
I I
·'
' i
' '
' ',
80R
EH
OLE
7
"l ·:
: I
; :
·1 ·:
·: :
·1 I
·:
·:
) i
-., .
. ...
........
.. ,.
i.'1
01
----
--
:Jl
fJO
..., 50
----
r· .. i---~:·----1 ·-
:--·--
.. -+
---~-
----
---~
---~
··· ·
·i· ·--
·-i · ..
-:·---
~---·~
-~.
. s
be
low
G
L
.1 J
.I .
J •
1 j
1 j
... ..
.1 J·I
2 J
. ro.
. ...
. . ....
. .· !
ti ;_
......
.. __
; _
____
.. !
.. : .... _
....... -i
.-.l--
---i--
------
~-----
---·i·
-·-·--
· ·-. ;
...... ; _
_ ; ... :;
)1
' ------
':I.
Ci-
·-:.- :J1
:; 30
fl
:i ::>. ~
20
~
J -~
.j J
_; _I
~ .:
.!
i~ .;
J ~
J' I
>
t J
I I
I 1
I I
l Ill
-----·
I -i
---..
:...--
---~-
--~------+-
-·--
+---
--~----.!....·-··-l--~---
~ · ___ ;
~;
.: J
; .I
J J
J j
j I _;
; ~ ~
J R
EM A
RK
s G
.. L. ~
+ O o
7 rn
>
I 1'
I I
I I
I '
! t
f[
____
____
__ ,__
--
----
--1·
-+--
--·f--
---f----~--
----1
: ----
-r-----
-+·---~
----i~
.. : i ·~
.J
.J
-;
.J
..J
.J
.J
.J
' .J
..J
.J
~
' .
....
. '"
• '
•
3 1 O
r I
I I
t I
I 1
l I
I I
t
r···
--··
~---
--1-
~-· -
-----:-
-·-------:·-·
----
--:-
--·-
·---
~---
1 ---:----f--:-.. :
I 'o
----
----
~-· _
__
l...
....
.._
_ _
__
_ , _
_ 1 _
____
____
1 J ____
___ j ___
_ J __ _t ..
____ ....
.. t ... _.-1
_ .......
_j _
.. ·-_ ... i .
.. L J ____
_ L ___ ~-1
l Cy
t~--
----
--·-
----
---·
1 O
rga
nic
co
nte
nt
US
.SIC
1nd.
S
love
R
etgl
r:i.o
__
_
~g~~
~p~l
, M
ATE
R I
Al
0
--------.----~---_J
SC
'r I
C'S
m
.m.
gro
o\
'"
.>-.
'lo
1 I
Re
mo
ved
wit
h
Ht.O
z []
Iro
n p
roc
ipit
otl
on
fo
un
d
S0
d,
IRM
din
g
9'o o
f I r
'o o
f m
ilt
<2
mii
t<1
6
min
. g/1
!----!-----
......
~4-~--J.-------
0 n
ot
fou
nd
R
om
ovo
l o
f ir
on
wit
h o
xa
late
so
luti
on
0
We
igh
ed
qu
on
lity
<
2 m
rn
gra
rn
Mu
teri
al
<2
mm
fr
om
si
eve
a
na
lysis
2
----·-------1
-------i
4 1C
20
--1 Te
mp
.
----
.. Q
j.[i
er
tests
50
i,_
__
1
Ca
pilla
rity
t 100
_
L _
_ -
. Hyg
rosc
op
ic
Spe
c. g
ravi
ty
... m
g
-· _
__
.g a
L"I''"
I
-----
1
· . ..:.:
:'. __
1. _________ ,,
______
_! __ ._
I W
ash
ing
j..i'..'~,."
-=-~-----E! ___ ±
1 -~--
Wt~;h(
b'.?fo
ro
--t---
-· _
Wei
ght
uft
or
-----
------------·-
·---
-·--
---
W0
l•;l
it
lo:;
,;.
%
lo~6
, -~-I O_
Q_
0·2
-t
----
~ 0
·06
<
0·0
6
92
O·O~c
..........
..........
. c-<
0·0
02
~
8 0 0
TE
ST
ED
BY.
Do
rk
bro
wn
s1
1ty
.Jrn
e.
San
d w
uh
se
a
sh
ells
on
d od
1:>u
r .o
f o
rga
nic
so
il.
DE
PT
. O
F C
IVIL
E
NG
INE
ER
lNG
IN
DIA
N
INS
TIT
UT
E
Of
TEC
HN
OLO
GY
M
AD
RA
S.·
f-'
0
.5~
-/9
PA
RT
ICLE
S
IZE
D
IST
RIB
UT
ION
CL
AY
SIL
T I
SA
ND
G
RA
VE
L
---~--~·~_.£l~_JJ.11«n:.!-'i 0dl~~
0,11
:1 _s
_~ar
so__
0.
1111
1 __
_ f!n.~---~;;'...,..)1.q_sJJ~.t:rl
o,,u
_ _9o
q_u;
g ,,,.2
, ..
,_J:
:ln~
-b
,i
_J!e
sJ.j_
tJ.rJ
L i o
10.-:
f----
------
---1-
------
---]1
____
___
----
----
----
-°r--· _
_ or~---
--1 -
~r-_____
___ o(-
··----
·-1f--
-----~
·:~---
·-~':!
, __ ::I.
'f-'+'-
-':''.if
] .
• .J
.J ·i
I .J
J J
j J
j .!
JI ?C
1---
---
----
---
.. I·
....
----
----
----·1
·· ---·
. -. -
--··· -
----
--···
--. i.
···-·· !
.... .. 1
·. i
' ...
......
f ....
"T'~ ·
-·~·--·
·--·-
---
i·· ·--·
· --···-
~·· ....
. -.....
.. ; .. --
-~---·
i····i
. .J
.J •
.I .:
J j
.i
. .I
.I
.I JI
t
I I
! I
I J
1 I
eol---"
··----··
--··----
1···----
-'··--·-·
-·-r=·-
-----
---·-·
. -
;---~:
~-:i-r
-·---r
. t--
~-~---
t···~-
-.···-
~---~-
--t-tl
l 7C
1---------i-
-------------------
----
-·--
-J·-
~----+--·-r··+--·---~
-- 1---:--
----;-
-----·
i----~
--:---
-·~ --
~--;
· J
.I .
.I 1
J J
. .I
.I
.J ~
J .l
J J
,~o 1-------L
I
---···
1---l-
----~-
--1--~
-------~-!---'.
-~--
----
~---
---!
... .l.
..... L
_J_.
I
I I
I .
: 'I
: '
I '
: '
•
• •
.:
I I
J I
. • I
.)
I
.J
..• I
.)
? 50r
----.. -~--
--·-------+
--------
------f -
i------.
:-----r·
-:---·-..
. ·--+-
-+----
-!----
--+---
---~--
-i· ··---
---;----
~----'.
·ri C
Jl I
. I J
.I j
• J
J .J
J .I
_I I
~\1 -
I I
I t
l t
t 1
I ,
:.,_:.
M; I
.• -------------
-----r-
--------
--r· ;--...
I ~ -
--~ -.
• ·-i. -
r-·---;-
-------
--1 ····
-------
: -...
. ;. .
: .....
: I ~))
I
. ~J
.j
J .:
.,1 J
.: J
~ J
JI r-
• I
' 1
I I
' I
I 'I
~ ,~O
-------
---~
---~
·--:
--:·
~---
1---
i---
----
---+
.--f
--·-
--~-
----
--'.
-----_,~---
~ ~ ~
-,·--
~---~!
--~:
g_ I
·LI
.: ~
. ! _:
~ I
~ ~
J J
-~ ~
~ ~ i
l I
! I
l I
I t
I '
I t
I I
g~ 20
--
I _
1 ..
. : --
--··
;---
---~
----
--..
..;-
+---
~---
---~
--·-
--·;
·-·-
-·-!
·---~
···· -
-~ __
. ;. ~,
rJ
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
c .
.J
..J -1
.J
-1
.J
-I
.J
1
.J
...J
-'
~ (I
-J
I I
I I
l 1
, t
I I
I
;) I
. ['
·I ;
,; ~
~ ~
I ~
; ~
j ~
~ ~
~ p
[ c 11~=
----=~-:
.:::.:.-
=-=:.::~
:=,J1-;-
9:r,~;~
~~~1 --
-. ·--
~---__ ;
_ --
·· ·
.!._ __
_ u's. -
L;~d ·
· ~ieh]
!"';,;
,;S~g~
iPl~
J · :M
___ A_
... Tl E~--R-
'.l_A:
L
---
~----~---
sc:>
r 1
es
rn
ei.
g1
.io1
•1·
I >-
i,,
I
~·:;-
Re
ad
ing
'1'o
of
j ,/o
of
Re
mo
ved
wi:
h
H10
z r-1
--=-* -
-------
1.l
....
g
/!
m<
it<
211'
10t<
16
I .
·t 1·
fo
un
d
----
------
----
---
-·-·
· _
__
__
__
__
__
_
, ro
n pr
0c1p
1 a
ion
0 ).
. _n
,ot
fou
nd
D
__
____
____
_ _
---
-·--
--·
-·-
---·
Re>
mov
al
of
iro
n w
1tn
oxa
late
so
tutl
o'l
----1-·~--
mm
SIT
E
KO
DIY
AK
KA
RA
! """
......
'""
JOB
No.
'i'"
' · ...
·
BO
RE
HO
LE. .
... 7
4 ol
5 m
... b.
elow
. . <
LL ..
RE
MA
F<K
S G
. L.::
:.+.0
:.7 m
Do
rk
bro
wn
silty
.fi
ne
S
an
d
wit
h
sea
she
lls
and
od
ou
r O
f o
rgan
ic
SOii.
~~r~-j W
0ig
h0
d q
ua
nti
ty
< 2
mm
,
gra
m
. . 0
,_
__
__
__
_,_
.__
---
/ -
____
1 M
ut0
riu
t <
2 m
m
fro
m
s1ev
0 a
na
lysis
Yo
_ -.
----------
.~--
--2
TE
ST
ED
BY.
!
1~ ---
Te
mp
. S
pec.
gra
vit
y
_ __
J __ _
·-·-
------
·-······---
" r
2 . 01~~00
;:u
9J_n
er
le=o
ts
__
__
__
__
_ _
'<l
. ---
---
---
Ca
pilla
rity
. r
n 0_~
______
__ _ _
____
_
1 1~;--
----
1---
·--
Hyg
rosc
op
ic
0·2
_
_ .
_
~~~--------1--
----
o · 06
8 o
I 2
o '-
':.L
--j-
--·-
---L
---
__ _
__
~~~~·ht~
<O:-~
<<J
1
I W
01rh
t b
efo
re
,., ----~=-
· i--~ -.-
,-..
;_-1"~
----
---r
--
---·--
· "
"' 0
·00
2
~
2 0
+-0
I-. ---f
-.. --
-·rl. _
_ ;_ ___
_ I W~:ghl u
ftN
"'
----
'---:
..:
g. 0·
00-2
·---
-----
0-
-0
l
l i
WP
:1•l>
t IO
!:.$.
Cl
---
---~--
--·-
----
·--
----
----
---
--·
--
____
_ J
J -
~
10
0
DE
PT
. O
F C
IVIL
E
NG
INE
ER
iNG
IN
DIA
N
INS
TIT
UT
E
OF
TE
CH
NO
LOG
'l M
AD
RA
S.
I-'
j....J
/::c -
?ri
PA
RT
ICLE
S
IZE
D
IST
RIB
UT
ION
C
l1\Y
S
ILT
I S
AN
D
GH
AV
EL
n."''·
' F
in!'.
' o .
.. , .. ·z
M
od
ilJrn
o.
,.~
Co
ars
e
o., .. ,
, F
ino
O
i M
od
1u
m
o.nJ
C
oo
rne
1
Fin
e
¢,1
N
ed
lurn
1
0
mm
~--~.-..-~-_....--~
1-""
} .... ~·
-.. ------~t-
·-·----~--~A·
· ·-
--·----~~
· ·
. .._
.... .
....
_. .
...... ~-__.._ -~...-~-
.. ,-·-----~----
.... --
-... ---...__~r---
·~--
................ ·--~
·''I · I
---
---1-
-----
---i
·r ·r
' ·r ·
"!' J
-·r
--·~· --
-·r-
-r-·r--
rl 1;2
11 ··
-·· .
..
·-· .
....
. I
".. ..
! ..
. .. .
-·--·~--
-----~··
-·I· :
. :-
-!:
._: J -j
. -+
-'---;. -
1 .... l -
·-·1--->
-J S
ITE
K
OD
IYA
KK
AR
A!
i I
( I
l I
! I
I !
l 1
I I
i' ,
I '
I I
\
:: [_
______
______
_ -_J
____
___
: 1. --=
~-~~t1 --=
=·-=1
-:~~=~~i
=-~~[~-~
,~=r1 ~=
~ ---=
'.·=-==
: ~'J~j~~
=J=:~~--~
i
I j
I I
I '
' ,,
' .
' I
' .
. J
.I J
I ·'
.: "
; ..;
.: J
) I
I f
I I
I I
' t
j I
I I
; I
·f
1·0
-··-
,---
-· ·
··•·
-,-·
-··J
·~·~
--~#
·__.
···-
----
-·-·
----
-~--
-··-
-··-
--.-
..--
--,-
~---
··--
-,..
..-·
... •-·
•··
;__._
. ., ..
-···~···
····...'
......"-
...,.
' 1
.... :--...
·---~-----~-·
·-~ ..... ·
-·~
... -.... ..
,,.-........
.... : ··
--·u
: '
·-·~--··
I~
•!
! I
i on
r::in
110L
E
I J
) V
<
\.,_
1
I '
,1
r:::
[·C'
·-·-
•-,•
-••
~-~~
··
--··
··-~
~---
.---
••
·--~
•·'-
·--~
-·--
-···
--·~
.--·
.-••
·.-.
.._~
, -•
·-·v
: .. -
.-...
. ,
..,.,.
, J
••·-·
•··•
•·••
:'·
• •"'!
''
•t
JOB
No
7
r·
I I
:.;,
I ,
4·2
5 m
bel
<;>w
G
. L.
'.l.1
I !
•._
If
I t
-,. ••
\ i"'"
•
---·--
----
---~-· .
...
-··
-·----
-;--••
· ---
--·
----
-. t
··--
·---
--·-
--~-
-«•
----
---i
------
----
---· -
-----
' I
; ' l
~ '
."71
1 t
• I
.1
(.:
~·;, 1
:
l I
I
;,_.:.
.,.,
'
/." ,-.... /
r-~ ·--
~---
----
--.. -
-·-.+·----------------·..-----~ -
---~ --
-· --
~-..
-·----------~ -·
--·-
·--.. -
;.
I I
[{ !
I I
!-----
---:
·' '
--r---
.. -----
.J
I .I
.J I I
_, R
Ei,
lA'iF
S
G.L
.=+
O 7
ri-1
! (<
) ..
. "t l
}.1 I.•-
· . -
·----------
...
I ·-
·--j
---_
_ ,. -~---
. ........
. ,--
· ·-
'i' ....
..... _
_ ---
·: -..
! -------,..-';"-~--~.:... ·-
. ...
_j
. .
I
~;
, ,., I
i
.: ' "~---~-~~
-----
-~-
---
---·
---
---
/: I
i ! -----
! I~
CL_
....
--
----
L.-
-:"'
-·--
I ___
-----
i ; _ l .I
·--·-
·----
-----
. -" I
Cy:
fl')
_ _
.•.. i O
rgcn
ic c
on
kn
t
S:·:il
ri~·;c
;;~·~
:-~~:-
-cl r1
ao-f)
fior
1"0v
0d
wi!
h
HtO
z [-1
...
"
' g/
I i
(!'1
1) I<
2' f
!1 ..
,t<
1 (,
! .
. (
. I r!
• •
j I
I '
t '-
1 d
~ \
' l'O
r' p·c~·p·'·a•1on
o,.
n ..
r'
1 '
no:
fou
nd
,.-
---,
·[-~--·
-·! f\
0rn
0w
il
of
i:o
n w
ith
oxclc
tc
so
luti
on
L_J
-·
i· --
---
.. ~-
.. ·---
---\V
ci9
h0
d q
ucn
t1ty
<
. 2
rnrn
g
rain
f--·--
-i
I · ·•
Nu
teri
a!
<2
mm
fr
om
si
evo
a
na
\ys1
$
_:.:_;
; __
L-~
--·-
· i
--·!
----
-·--
i Te
mp
. S
pec
grn
vit
y
•?·
I ,
' l·
1
' l
\
-; : .. :·-1
·--..
.. 1
. t
---
0.;.f
:i0_'.
_ \_
£s_~
---:---l~-
-· · 1
· -
--C
r.::
pill
cnty
:.
J .
m
,-. .
. .
·--
--·
HY
:.Jro
scop
ic
--~'~
:·!_~,
!~!~~~
\-'
ir.·1
<;i:t
b
c.f(
'fC
g
I I
\'/c:
-::h
t clt
N
'"•--
-.. ·
·-g
.I \V
r,fi
)ld
lr
)'jS
,,
I]
.i
US
St
o.nd
. s
er
1 E
's
°lo
.; I
I t
I
--.....
.
1-..~:-
... :
. '_
-· .. :r
:;;·"
-i . :
: ,_.:
.. .• ·
:..:.:
..: .::
r· p C'
re ri
n ! ·1
' S
10
v0
t.l
l5'_•
.QlD
Q.Q
___
_ ·-·
po.
!>s1
;·g
~--='-
-~-f--
.2.'..
:"'2..
. ~:.
..·-t-
-...:~
_:-'. ___
__ I f .
.. ·
· --t--
-----·-
--1-·
-I
t---·:
--·------
·-~-
·-i-
-·-
... --
-~-
! !
L ~"-
·~=[=~
·.:-_-
.. ~-= =
[ :=_-
~~:~
1--·. ·--!
·-·-··-··
-·-·---
,--1· ..
.... -· .
1·-
-c-2-
-.. ,_
___
0-·
· i-· -,
0 0-1
f-
---+
-~. -.
... ---+-~-
----1
!=~~~i
~-~=I ~
~~=t-=
' :~
~--··---
----·J.-
-,---·--
J. __ -
.. -·--
1 --
···-
· ·-
< 0
·06
I I
! 1--
---·· .
--r-
-·--
---j
---·
·--·
·~~-
-___
_ .... _
_ _
~%:~~;
1-.. J
.J.6·~
·--···
-§--1
~--~
f--·-
f 10
0-·-1
·····
.. ,
·r r··-
MA
TE
RIA
L
TE
ST
ED
BY.
Da
rk
bro
wn
:i
1lt
y w
ith
se
o
sh
ells
. :::
>anc
l
DE
PT
. O
F C
IVIL
E
NG
INE
ER
ING
IN
DIA
N
INS
TIT
UT
E
OF
TE
Ctif
\JO
LO
MA
DR
AS
.
f-'
I\.~
i I i I I I I l i
I I I.
L_
SOlHIDING
· 0 Sticksou..'1ding
G Weightsou.."1ding, Press-sounding Motorsounding
~ Ha.mmersounding
SAMPLING
~ Disturbed Sample
0 Undisturbed Sample
I 0
? 0
6 'GJI
6 t 0
Y-n L--!
nr-SITU TESTS
Vane Test
Sounding to hard stop
Sounding to presumed Rock
Rock boring at least 3 m. under presumed Rock surface
- Ditto - with examination of the dust
Rock coring at least 3 m.
HYDR 0 LOG I CAL MEASURYiENTS
Ground Water Level measured
GrouJ1d Water Level recorded over long period
- Ditto - short period
Pump or Infiltration Test
Pore Pressure Measurement
Deformatior1 t'leasureruent
Trial Pit or other test point e.g. Test Loading
Dr:tailed Pla."1 Symbol
S1 +11.10 20.09.69 +3.15 22.09.69
Simple Plan Symbol
81
+/e,6 + Cl +5.20 Sa +3.60 Si +3 .10 Sa +1.60 Cl -2.10 Gr -4.45
~ ~ /j
,A
~ l''' : ~
w .
A Indicates Chemical or Special analysis carried out
SECTIONS
Filling
~ Clay (Cl)
Topsoil Silt (Si)
~ Peat Sand (Sa) 1··
0.
(Gr) Shells • 0 Gravel 0. ..
BOREHOLE f~10PS
Section Pla."1
M x Probably Rock
JJ 0 y Probably Stone or Rock .
(tl y Stone, Block or Rock
u y Non-Rock, Stone or Block stop
lf 0 Boring discontinued~can be driven deeper without hammering
/~ 9 0 - Ditto - but only witl:l I hammering
11 0 r r Rock Drilling
/)1+ 6 I
-'-
SOIL MECHAJJICS SYMBOLS SHE'.<~T H::;. J
r
I
I b
81 s H/S C M/S d t6.50
a Borehole nillI'~er 81
b S Sampling carried out · H/S Ha.mmersounding carried out
M/S Motorsounding carried out
l -1 ~2_5 -
I c Ground level in metres ~bove
or below Datum
I
±o _sz_
I -5 ~ --t v,
l yellow silty fine SAND
Hole made in ground with auger or crow-bar. 20 cm ·deep
e 50, 75, 100, pressures in kg. applied for Motorsounding. The rods were not turned.
f
~Fully shaded area indicates undisturbed sampling. The
1 I adjectives describing the sample are in small letters.
nouns are in capital letters. Borehole legend across the whole section indicates that the material has been sampled and seen. Legend in the centre of the section only indicaGes the material present, in the opinion of the engineer.
I + g ;w yrl.10 Hig..'1est water level measu-
iZ0-22.9.69 red over the period shown.
W V3.l5 · Lowest water level r.ieasu-1 red over same period.
h ll (_:ft Posi t1on of disturbed sa...'TI.ple shown cross-hat~hed.
l 120- -~ -..;:.~
J
k 75/10+10 bl
Motorsounding, half revs. /20 cm., recorded in numbers when the figure is very high. ·
Ha.r.illlersounding, rn;inber of hammer-blows/20 cm.
75 half turns. Motorsounding penetrated only 10 cm. 10 blows of a sledge harn.Jller were applied.
1 ! /~ Previous boring attempt discontinued at a hard stop. II
m J l Bering stopped on Stone, Block or Rock. (/~;,.
HE.D-..,.,ers ou:c::.ding results. ar-e represented as follows: Free . ' . Sl!l1Clng lS drawn as 0 blo·.~s /20 cm.· l - 10 blows as ) blows /20 en. 11- 20 blo;.,·s as 15 blows/20 c:o. ?l- 50 b J.. c~ ... "f. as ?<::;
__}/ blovs/20 cm, 51-100 blows as 75 blows /20 e:r;;.
L~ ----·-----------·· --- - ---· ----.------ -----·· -· -- -- ·-"'-. ·- - -
15
2.12 DRAWil\"'.GS
Drawing No. Title
56-4 Borehole Plan
56-5 Borehole Section Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4.
56-6 II tl Ii 5, 6, 7 and 8.
56-7 II II 11 9, 10, 11 and 12.
Jl)ESIGN
Chapter 3
DESIGN OF THE HARBOUR
3.1 INTRODUCTION
Point Calimere is situated in Thanjavur District in the State of Tamil Nadu about 160 kms. south of Madras on the east coast of India.
The village Kodiyakkarai about 5 kms. west of Point Calimere has connections with the hinterland by highway and railway. The present rail traffic consists of passengers, salt and other marine chemicals and a limited quantity of fish.
The fishermen of this region are said to move from place to place within the Palk Straits for fishing depending on the season.
At present, there are 110 facilities whatsoever for fish landing or berthing of boats. Any fish landing in the area takes place on the open beach. Depending on the prevailing weather the landing place is either at Kodiyakkarai or Vedaranyam.
3. 2 LOCATION OF THE Rt\RBOUR
The selected site lies about half a kilometre south of the Railway Station at Kodiyakkarai. The coast is open but the site is well protected against waves from NE. Sheltered to some extent by Ceylon and the south main land of India, the height of waves reaching the jetty from SE to SW could be expected to be 1.4 m.
3.3 SIZE, LAYOUT AND DETAILS OF THE HARBOUR
3.3.1 General
Due to the present undeveloped state of the fishing industry in the area and the difficulties arising from littoral drift and limited water depth, fair-weather landing facilities only are being provided. A T-shaped jetty, serving both for landing and berthing, has been provided. Areas for marketing, ice plant, office buildings, etc., are included.
3.3.2 De-pth
The sea bed level is quite shallow. A depth of 2.2 m below MLLWS is available approx. 100 m from the HW line with little increase in depth beyond this distance.
3.3.3 Landing Jetty
A landing jetty 12 m wide and 60 m long is p::::-oposed. Landing is assumed to take place on both sides of the jetty. The depth of water available is 2. 2 m below .MLLWS. 'l'he maximum draft of vessels catered for in this design will be 1.8 m.
3.3.4 Apnroach Jetty
The annroach jetty is 114 m long. The first 60 m length of the approach jetty-is 4.5 m wide to provide access from the shore and the next 54 m
16
is 6 m wide and designed for berthing purposes.
3~3-5 Design Conditions
The following design conditions are assumed:-
( i)
(ii)
(iii)
Top level of the jetty +1.75 m
2 Live load on the landing jetty 1.0 t/m .
Live load on the approach jetty:
width 4.5 m
'width 6. 0 m
2 0.5 t/m
2 1.0 t/m
(iv) Mooring forces:
Perpendicular to the jetty 300 kg/m
Parallel to the jetty 100 kg/m
(v) Wave: 1.4 m high
3.3~6 Soil Conditions
The sub-soil conditions are good for using friction piles for the foundation of the jetty. Piles 30 x 30 cm. square with a bearing capacity of 30 tons have to be driven about 12 m below the bed-level.
3.3.7 Water Supply
Water can be obtained by sinking of bored wells near the site. The water so obtained although slightly brackish may be of sufficient quality for industrial purposes such as ice making and cleaning, etc.
Water from wells in the area is presently being used for drinking purposes and it is likely that its use can be continued in the future.
The Cost Estimate includes for sinking of a bore-well, pumping main and installations within the harbour area.
3.3.8 Fuel
Fuel will be supplied to the vessels at the landing jetty through a pipeline from a tank ashore.
3.3. 9 Power
The required quantity of power is assumed to be made available from the se.me source presently supplying to Kodiyaklrnrai. Electricity will be provided to Market Area, Ice Plant, Office B-J.ildings, etc. Distribution also will be given to the landing jetty and roads.
3.3.10 Drainage
'l'he ctc&inage of tile land area will be by two separate systems. The drain-
17
age from the marketing area which may be polluted with organic debris, fish offal, etc.,will be conducted to a settling tank. Other surface drainage will be discharged direct to the sea.
3. 3 .11 4
Fe:ricing
The harbour area will be enclosed by a fence.
3·. 4. DRAWINGS
Drawing No.
56-15
56-12
56-13
56-14
Title
Proposed Fishing Harbour - Perspective
General Layout, Scale l:lOOO
Approach Jetty - Sections, Scale 1:50
Landing Jetty - Section, Scale 1:50
18
19
3.5 COST ESTIMATE
Cost per Estimated Description Unit Quantity Unit Cost
Rs. Rs.
1. Earth work in reclamation m3 7 500 5 37 500
2. Landing jetty 12 m wide m 60 4 700 282 000
3. (a) Approach jetty 6 m wide, berthing portion m 54 2 500 135 000
(b) Approach jetty 4.5 m wide (remaining) m 60 1 250 72 000 210 000
4. (a) Access road 2 4 200 20 84 000 m
(b) Traffic areas 2 1 200 20 24 000 m
(c) Other surfaced 2 4 400 15 66 ooo 174 000 areas m
5. Stone pitching m3 300 20 6 000
6. Water supply L.S. 100 000
7. Drainage and Sewerage L.S. 40 000
8. Port Offices L.S. 30 000
9. Market Hall L.S. 50 000
10. Electricity and Power L.S. 30 000
11. Fuel Supply L.S. 50 000
12. Fence around the harbour area m 260 80 20 800
1 030 300 Add contingencies at 10% 103 030
1 133 330 Add supervision charges at about 12% 141 670
GRAND TOTAL: 1 275 000
20
LIST OF DRAWINGS
It should be observed that some of the drawings have been reduced in scale. Graduated figures giving the main scales have been added to each drawing in order to facilitate reading.
SURVEY
Drawing No.
56-03
56-09
56-10
56-11
SOIL INVESTIGATIONS
Drawing No.
56-4
56-5
56-6
56-7
DESIGN
Drawing No.
56-15
56-12
56-13
56-14
Title
Coastline of India with location of proposed harbour, 1:10,000,000
Map showing location of site, 1:63,360
Northern coastline of Palk Straits, 1:300,000
Survey - October, 1971; 1:2,000
Title
Borehole Plan
Borehole Section Nos. l, 2, 3 and 4,
ti 1T 11 5, 6, 7 and 8,
" Tl " 9, 10, ll and 12.
Title
Proposed Fishing Harbour - Perspective
General Layout, 1:1000
Approach Jetty - Sections, 1:50
Landing Jetty - Section, 1:50
0
i 100
I ,
MIN
ICr)
y
AM
IND
EV
I IS
LAN
DS
JA
IPU
R
KO
DIY
AK
KA
RA
I
90
°
11
\TE
RN
AT
l'JN
l\1
. B
OU
f,D
l\h
Y
ST
l\ T
C:
P0U
f\J
G1\
R'1
.
N/'
TIO
Nl\
L
Cl\
PI 'A
L.
.. S
TA
TE
('
./\P
IT/\
L
SIT
E
INV
ES
TIG
AT
ED
T
10°t
so'
PO
INT
C
AL
IME
RE
I 6
33
60
PR
E-I
NV
ES
TM
EN
T
SU
RV
EY
O
F
FIS
HIN
G
-~) -"'...
+ + + + + + + + + + + 1000 +
+ + + + + + + + + + + 900-+
+ + + + + + + + + + 800 +
+ + + + + + + + + 700 +
+ + + 600 -I
+ + 500 -t I
()
+ + + + + + + + + + + ' 400 -1-0 0 0 g 0 0 0 0 0 ',
0 0 0 0 0 0 ', 0 0 0 0' 0 0 ©
N
0 I
0
+
I'
0
0
t:
() I'
0
IJ)
0
"' 6 0
I'-
0
I I
~ 0
I
"' 0
0
"' 0 0
"'
N
I
"' "'
()
0
~ 0 0 tO
700
600
500
-
HIS
100
Blo
ws/2
0 c
m
+o
so
__
5L
_
20
0
Blo
ws/2
0cm
HIS
+
0·7
_
_5
Z_
__
.
-16
3
_sz_
_
Blo
ws/2
0cm
.
100
Blo
ws/2
0cm
SC
AL
E
DA
TE
PR
E-I
NV
ES
TM
EN
T
SU
RV
EY
O
F
8lo
ws/2
0cm
.
DA
TE
PR
E-I
NV
ES
TM
EN
T
SU
RV
EY
O
F
FIS
HIN
G
-
10
-15
-20
30
0
20
0
Blo
ws/2
0e
m
H/S
20
0
10
0
Blo
ws/2
0cm
+0
7
_sz_
__
~6
H/S
,J -3
·1
____
_sz_
_
SC
AL
E
DA
TE
PR
E-I
NV
ES
TM
EN
T
SU
RV
EY
O
F
FIS
HIN
G
0
/.0
0·6
0:._
8 __
__
1_
__
__
_
----
0·5
-~
OrO
-0
·5
-I
0
-1
·5
-z·O
60
0
0
"' I
0 0
--.!
0 0
8
10
CD
®
0 0
OFF
ICE
0·8
-0·5
~
-z·
O
-2
· 5
NO
TE
'-S
CA
LE
Me
asu
rem
en
ts
in
me
tre
s.
DA
TE
-l·
O
I -I
PR
E-I
NV
ES
TM
EN
f
SU
RV
EY
O
F
FIS
HIN
G
+
\I'
'I:
'I' I I
I I
I ' I I I I I I I ' -+ I I :
1 •
I '
: 1·
! I
'
'.'
'I'
l.L
J
CR
OS
S
SE
AM
3
00
TH
ICK
AT
60
00
c/c
.
\ I
\\\
I I
I I
\\\~
4 \·\
\I \
I \
I
\ I
\ I
I \\
\ I
\ I
\ '\\
I ..
\-~
,_,
' \,I
\I
I I I
\ \ \
\I
I
\ \ \
\ \\\
,_ ,
56
-
I 'I'
I
I I
: 1 /1
I 1
I I
I,!
I I
I I
I I'
/I /
:
: 4~
//
I I
I'
I I,
' I
I
/ii/
I :
I j
I l
I'
I I 1
I
I 1
, t
11 I
I I
I I
I I
'J 1
'·I
I :
I
I I
I
-.; "
''T
:1:
/ /
I I
I/
1 I
/ / /
I JI
I'
I I /I
I ',I
"tJ 1•5
0.
MO
OR
ING
RIN
GS
AT
60
00
c/
c.
1710
AIR
O
UT
LE
T A
T 6
00
0 c
/c.
TIM
8E
ll F
EN
DE
R A
T 1
50
0 c
/c.
30
0x
30
0 R
CC
PIL
ES
A
T 6
00
0 c
/e.
+ 3
10
M
HW
S.
\I'
-3
40
M
LW
S.
Sf
I 'I
I
I \I\
1,r
: \'
\I
IOn
!
\I\}
I I
\I
I
i I
1 L
\
I'
I .
30
0,3
00
R
CC
P
ILE
S
I I I
: / ,i..----··~6000Cfc
1 I
I 1
I \I
I I
I I
1 \
Ii
l \ \'
1, I
I I
_LL
-L
-···
r '.
I I I
I I
I l
l I!
I \
I'
1 \I
1 l..
i-..J
I CR
OS
S
SE
CT
ION
-1
3
11 5
0.
AIR
OU
TLE
T.I
II.
60
00
c/c
.
,_ 6
00
\I
'
+
31
0
MH
WS
. ~
34
0
ML
LW
S
30
0 x
30
0 R
CC
P
ILE
S
AT 4
00
0
c/c
I
11
I I
'I
_L
,i_
_
-r-r
-1 '
; : ' '
I I
,_J
CR
OS
S
SE
AM
30
0 T
HIC
K
AT
40
00
c/c
.
30
0x 3
00
R
CC
A
T 4
00
0 c
/c
I I
,,'
4!/
I I
I I
I I
I/
I I
I I
I I
I
' I
I I
/ /
CR
OS
S
SE
CT
ION
5
6-1
4
115
0.
12
00
0
\ I
I \
\ \
\ \
I \
1:4
\
\ i
I '
I \ I
\ \
\ \
__l:I
_5__
_
" 0 0 "
1 1
30
0 X
30
0 R
CC
P
ILE
S
~
AT
40
00
c/c
\I
I \
MO
OR
ING
R
ING
S
AT
80
0()
c/£
c
16
70
AIR
O
UT
LE
T A
T 40
0_Q
_c!£
_
+
30
0
" --
-+ I
I t_
J,
TIM
BE
R
FE
ND
ER
S A
T 1
50
0 C
/C.
I I: I I I I 'I
I ' _
l_ .
.:._
l_
--.-,
: I
,7,,
30
0 x
30
0
RC
C
PIL
ES
AT
40
00
c/c
.