know all about mosquitoes

8/8/2019 Know All About Mosquitoes

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Mosquito Must quit


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Facts about mosquitoes Evolved 3.5 million years ago

Capable of adopting to any situation

Short life cycle

3000 species

Very few Vectors

Definite role in ecology

KDR gene

The buzzing noise which the mosquitoesproduce is due to the beating of their

wings, and not to singing

Male never bites, female bites


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1. Know all about Mosquitoes & the

diseases it can bring

Anopheles

Culicines

Aedes


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Mosquitoes have four stages in their life cyclesuch as egg, larva, pupa and adult.

Egg

Depending on the species, a femalemosquito lays between 30 and 300 eggs at a

time directly on the surface on the watereither singly or in rafts. It hatch out with in 2- 3 days.

Larva

The larva grow in four different stages.

They feed on yeasts, bacteria and smallaquatic organisms. This period lasts for 47 days

Pupa

The fully grown larva then changes in to acomma-shaped pupa which does not feedand spend most of its time at the watersurface. This period lasts 1 3 days

The entire period from egg to adult takesabout 7 13 days under good conditions.

Larval stage

Life Cycle

In the next slide, we discuss about important types of mosquitoes.


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Anophelene

Breeds in clear

water

Lays 25-40 eggs

each time

Transmits

Malaria


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Culex

Breeds in polluted

water

Lays 250-300 eggs

each time

Causes menace Transmits Filariasis


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Aedes

Breeds in clearwater

Lays 25-40 eggs eachtime

Bites during daytime

Transmits dengueand Chikungunya


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10.The diseases the mosquitoes can bring

They are malaria, filaria, dengue, brain fever and yellow fever. Yellow feveris caused by mosquitoes in jungle areas in parts of Africa and SouthAmerica.

In India, malaria, filaria and dengue are the most prevalent diseases

spread by mosquitoes. Over two million cases of malaria alone arereported. Even more astonishing is the fact that India spends 100 milliondollars on malaria. In spite of spending so much, the diseases continue toexplode from time to time. The reason is that these mosquitoes developresistance to medicines and chemicals. Hence fighting mosquitoes and thediseases spread by them is a continuous process


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ENCEPHALITIS

(Brain Fever )

Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) is maintained in nature through a

cycle between the Culiseta melanura mosquito and birds that live

in freshwater swamps. Although Culiseta melanura do not bite

humans, some mosquitoes will "cross bite"; i.e., bite an infectedbird and then bite a human or animal (horse, emu, and other

exotic birds), thereby spreading the disease. These mosquitoes are

also known as "bridge vectors". A vector is a species that transmits

a disease from one host to another. These bridge vectors may take

a meal from a bird and later take another meal from a mammal.

Symptoms usually occur within two to ten days after being bitten

by an infected mosquito. These symptoms include high fever, stiff

neck, headache, confusion, and lethargy. Encephalitis, swelling of

the brain, is the most dangerous symptom. Rhode Island has

confirmed five cases of EEE with two deaths in the last thirteen

years. The last death was reported in 1993.


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DENGUE FEVER

Dengue fever is primarily a disease of the tropics that is transmitted by the Aedes

aegypti mosquito. Aedes aegypti is a day-biting mosquito that prefers to feed on

humans. It is also transmitted by the Aedes albopictus (also called the "tiger mosquito").

Those infected with dengue can suffer from a spectrum of illnesses ranging from a viral

flu to severe and fatal hemorrhagic fever (DHF).

The dengue virus is passed back and forth between mosquitoes and humans and causesan extraordinarily painful ailment that exists in four known strains or serotypes. Dengue

is especially dangerous to children, who generally have one infection, but if bitten again

can get a more serious infection that can lead to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). DHF

causes severe internal bleeding, shock, and circulatory collapse, and is usually fatal to

children. Until recently, dengue was relatively unknown in the Western Hemisphere. In

the 1970's, a dengue epidemic swept through Cuba and other parts of the Caribbean. In1981 a second strain broke out in Cuba, accompanied by hemorrhagic fever. The second

epidemic resulted in more than 300,000 hemorrhagic fever cases, and more than 1,000

deaths. Most were children. In the summer of 1998 an epidemic broke out on the island

of Barbados. Dengue is increasingly becoming a plague of global proportions and may

soon eclipse malaria as the most significant mosquito-borne viral disease affecting

humans.
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Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is a disease caused by the bite of the Aedes aegypti

mosquito. It does not occur in the U.S. but is common in parts of

Africa and South America. The symptoms of yellow fever includefever, chills, headache, backache, nausea, and vomiting;

jaundice can also occur. More serious cases may affect the

blood, liver, and kidneys. The disease can be fatal.

The disease is spread when an infected mosquito bites a personwith yellow fever and then transmits it by biting another person.

There is no specific treatment for yellow fever, other than to

relieve the symptoms. Once a person has had yellow fever, they

are immune to further infection. The best way to prevent the

disease is through vaccination and mosquito control.


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Chikungunya

Chikungunya virus is indigenous to tropical Africa

and Asia, where it is transmitted to humans by the bite of

infected mosquitoes, usually of the genus Aedes.Chikungunya virus belongs to alphavirus genus of the

Togaviriadae family. It is an "Arbovirus" (Ar-arthropod,

bo-borne). CHIK fever epidemics are sustained by

human-mosquito-human transmission. The word"chikungunya" is thought to derive from description in

local dialect of the contorted posture of patients afflicted

with the severe joint pain associated with this disease.

The main virus reservoirs are monkeys, but other species

can also be affected, including humans.


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What you EMM should do for each

category of water stagnation ?

Methods to Prevent of mosquito

entering home


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9. Time to SMILE

a. Mosquito Cartoonsb. Mosquito Jokes


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Mosquito Cartoons


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Mosquito Cartoons


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Mosquito Jokes

Mr A & his son Mr B were never sports persons . Mr X who went to

their home saw their playing with a bat without a ball. Mr X came

to know that they were batting mosquitoes

In a meeting there was bowl . The invitees thought that it was

sandal . They realised it was sandal scented mosquito cream ,

ODOMAS

In a Tamil film mosquito is described as the National Bird as it is one

bird that is there everywhere , unlike peacock.

In a residential colony , the residents were disgusted as they cannot

put an end to the mosquito menace. What we can do for

mosquitoes was the question raised by a participant . Came an

answer from a disgusted audience We will construct a temple for

mosquitoes


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Clap for & Clap MosquitoA speaker will not stop . He

was enthused seeing the

continuous clap that he was

getting from the audience. It

was a bit late, when he cameto know that it was the

mosquitoes that got the claps .


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Teacher asked the students Are we afraid of a

LION or a mosquito ? Pat came the reply from a

student it is certainly Mosquito . Because wecage a lion. In case of mosquitoes , we cage

ourselves inside a MOSQUITO NET


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Mosquito Jokes

What do you get if you cross the Lone Ranger with an insect?

The Masked-quito !

What has antlers and sucks blood ?

A moose-quito !

Why did the mosquito go to the dentist ?

To improve his bite !

What is a mosquito's favourite sport ?

Skin-diving !

How do you know if you have a tough mosquito ?

You slap him and he slaps you back !


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References:

1. Jan A. Rozendaal, Vector Control,W.H.O, 1999

2. Park.K, Preventive and Social Medicine,2009

3. Prabakar.K, Mosquito Control, 20084. Mike Service, Medical Entomology, 20045. Suryakantha.A.H, Community Medicine,

20096. www.worldhealthorganization.com

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