KNH Research Symposium

Current Trends and Innovations in management of Cancer

Topic: Overview of Cancer Past, Present, Future

Presenter : Dr. Opiyo, Anselmy

Head, Cancer Treatment Centre – KNH

Date: 13th April, 2012

KNH Research Symposium

What is cancer? Renaissance period Nineteenth century Cancer causes: Theories throughout history Modern knowledge and cancer cause Viral and chemical carcinogens Cancer epidemiology Cancer screening and early detection Evolution of cancer treatments Hormone therapy Radiation Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Targeted therapy Cancer survivorship The twenty-first century and beyond

Principles of Oncology

- Epidemiology of Cancer: Tobacco - Epidemiology of Tobacco and Cancer - Tumour Induction in Laboratory Animals by Tobacco products - Carcinogens in Tobacco Products

- Relationship of Carcinogens to Specific Cancers caused by Tobacco Products - Overview of Mechanisms of Tumour Induction by Tobacco Products - Tobacco Carcinogen Biomarkers

Etiology of Cancer: Cancer Susceptibility Syndromes

- Principles of Cancer Susceptibility - Genetic Testing - Cancer Susceptibility syndromes - Future Directions

Etiology of Cancer: Cancer Susceptibility Syndromes

- Principles of Cancer Susceptibility - Genetic Testing - Cancer Susceptibility syndromes - Future Directions

Etiology of Cancer: Viruses

- RNA Viruses - Retroviruses: Background, Replication

Cycle and Molecular Genetics - Mechanisms of Retroviral Oncogenesis - Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 - Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 2 - Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Hepatitis C Virus

DNA Viruses

- Hepadnaviruses and Hepatocellular

Carcinoma

- Papillomaviruses and Human Cancer

- Epstein-Barr Virus

- Kaposi’s Sarcoma- Associated Herpesvirus

- Polyomaviruses

Etiology of Cancer: Inflammation

- Tumour Immune Surveillance- Inflammation and Tumorigenesis- Inflammatory Cells and Stromal Cells in the Initiation of Neoplasia

and in the Tumour Microenvironment- Cellular Receptors Involved in the Modulation of Inflammation

Etiology of Cancer: Chemical Factors- The Nature of Chemical Carcinogens: Chemistry and Metabolism- Animal Model Systems and Chemical Carcinogenesis- DNA Repair Protects the Host from Chemical Carcinogens- Genetic Susceptability to Chemical Carcinogenesis- Molecular Epidemiology, Chemical Carcinogenesis, and Cancer Risk

in Human Populations- Benzene as a Model for Gene-Environment Interaction

Etiology of Cancer: Physical Factors

- Interactions of Radiation with Cells and Tissues- Ultra-violet Light- Asbestos

Etiology of Cancer: Dietary Factors- Methodologic Challenges- Energy- Alcohol- Dietary Fat- Fruits and Vegetables- Fiber- Other Foods and Nutrients- Dietary Patterns- Diet during Early Phases of Life

Etiology of Cancer:Obesity and Physical Activity

- Breast Cancer- Colon Cancer- Endometrial Cancer- Adenocarcinomas of the Esophagus- Kidney/Renal Cell Cancer- Pancreatic Cancer- Gallbladder Cancer- Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma- Prostate Cancer- Lung Cancer- Ovarian Cancer

Epidemiology of Cancer

- Epidemiology Methods - Descriptive Studies - Analytical Studies - Interpretation of Epidemiologic Findings - Molecular Epidemiology

- Global Cancer Incidence (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Database)

- Data Sources and Measurements - Overall Cancer Risk - Incidence and Mortality Patterns for Common Cancers - Issues in Interpretating Temporal Trends

Changes in Cancer Mortality

- Cancer Surveillance Systems- Making Sense of Cancer Trends- Trends in Cancer Risk Factors- Cancer Trends- Predicting Future Cancer Trends

Principles of Surgical Oncology- General Issues - Historical Perspective - Anesthesia for Oncologic Surgery - Determination of Operative Risk - Roles of Surgery - Surgical Oncologist

-

Laparoscopic Surgery

- Physiology of Laparoscopy

- Laparoscopy in the Diagnosis of Malignancy

- Laparoscopy in the Staging of Malignancy

- Laparoscopy in the Treatment of Malignancy

- Laparoscopy in the Palliation of Malignancy

Principles of Radiation Oncology

- Biologic Aspects of Radiation Oncology- Factors That Effect the Response of Tumours

to Radiation- Tumour Oxygenation- Hypoxic Cell Sensitizers and Cytotoxins- Role of Hypoxia Imaging in Clinical Oncology- Radiation Physics- Treatment Planning- Clinical Applications of Radiation Therapy

Principles of Medical Oncology

- Basic Principles - Historical Perspective

- Clinical Application of Chemotherapy

- Principles of Cancer Cells Kinetic

- Principles Governing the Use of

Chemotherapy

- Dose Intensity and Combination

Chemotherapy

- Biology of Drug Resistance

- Mediator of Chemosensitivity

- Role of Bcl-2 Family Members in

- Mediating Chemosensitivity

- Signalling Pathway

- Assessment of Clinical Response - Signal Endpoints Used to Assess Response

to Different

Uses of Chemotherapy

Principles of Immunotherapy

- Categories of Tumour Antigens Can be Defined by Expression Patterns

- Cancer Therapies- Influence of Immune System on Tumour

Development

Principles of Health Services Research

- Studies of Health Service - Patient-Reported Outcomes Assessment- The Economics of Cancer Care

Pharmacology of Cancer Chemotherapy- Drug Development - Preclinical Development - Clinical Development- Alkylating Agents- Cisplatin and Its Analogs- Antimetabolites- Topoisomerase-Interacting Agents- Antimicrotubule Agents

Pharmacology of Cancer Biotherapeutics

- Antiangiogenesis Agents- Monoclonal Antibodies- Preventive Cancer Vaccines

Pharmacology of Endocrine Manipulation

- Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators- Aromatase Inhibitors- Antiandrogens

Genetic Counseling

Cancer Screening- Principles of Cancer Screening- Gastrointestinal Cancers- Gynecologic Cancers- Breast Cancer

Specialized Techniques in Cancer Management- Vascular Techniques in Cancer Management- Isolation Perfusion- Interventional Radiology - Cardiopulmonary- Vascular System

- Liver Metastasis

- Cholangiocarcinoma

- Genitourinary

- Musculoskeletal Cancer- Functional Imaging- Molecular Imaging

Role of Endoscopy in Cancer Management

- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy- Respiratory Endoscopy

THANK YOU