kingdom protista placed into this kingdom by exclusion… because they are not part of any other not...
TRANSCRIPT
Kingdom Protista• Placed into this kingdom by exclusion…
because they are not part of any other• Not quite plant, animals, fungi or
bacteria, though they share some characteristics of those
• Most are unicellular, some multi• Most are heterotrophic, some auto• Reproduce sexually (conjugation) and
asexually (binary fission)• Classified by how they move and/or what
kingdom they are like
Animal-like protists
• Also called protozoa• Live in water/moist soil and feed on
smaller organisms (bacteria, protists)• Phylum protozoa
– Amoeboid movement…cytoplasm moves forward in a pseudopod (false foot)
and pulls rest of body that way– e.g. amoeba, foraminiferans, radiolarians– e.g. Entamoeba histolytica…amebiasis
Amoeba
Radiolarians
Foraminiferans
Animal-like protists
• Phylum Ciolophora– Move by cilia…small hairs that beat in
rhythm– Cilia move food into an oral groove
that ends in a food vacuole– Remove water from cell by contractile
vacuole– 2 nuclei:
•Macronucleus…controls functions•Micronucleus…used during conjugation
Paramecium
Paramecium reproduction
Paramecia conjugating: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5c_Vhb0vBVw
Animal-like protists
• Phylum Sarcomastigophora– Move by flagella…long whip like tail– e.g. trypanosome (African Sleeping
Sickeness), Giardiasis, Trichomoniasis
• Phylum Apicomplexa– Don’t move, all are parasites– Named for apical complex…specialized
structures used to enter host– e.g. toxoplasma, cryptosporidium,
plasmodium (malaria)
Plasmodium (malaria)
Plant-like protists• All are autotrophic and photosynthetic• Most live in water and have a flagellum at
some point in their life• Algae…classified by pigments used for
photosynthesis and color– Green algae: what you think of as “algae”– Brown algae: seaweed and kelp– Diatoms: live in soil– Dinoflagelates: bioluminesce (make own light)– Euglenoids: Euglenas: have a light detecting
area called an eye spot.
Dinoflagellates
EuglenaEuglena
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z01EUaUd3E4
Diatoms
Spirogyra
Volvox http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8O4OolGcPg
Fungus-like protists
• Reproduce using spores contained in a fruiting body like fungi do
• Slime molds and water molds
Impact on humans
• Good:– Create oxygen (plantlike)/carbon cycle– Basis of food chain, especially aquatic– Symbiotic relationships, e.g. coral colors– Research: chemotaxis (cell movement)– Food: seaweed
• Bad:– Algae blooms: use up all oxygen– Diseases (specific ones mentioned earlier)
Movies• Paramecia conjugating: http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=5c_Vhb0vBVw• Close up contractile vacuoule
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iG6Dd3COug4• Amoeba moving:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GRymTNuPi2M• Euglena
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z01EUaUd3E4• Volvox
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8O4OolGcPg• Amoeba eating
http://wolfbat359.com/phagocytosis1.mov