kingdom protista - class webpage · 2019-08-31 · kingdom protista. characteristics ... protista...
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Kingdom Protista
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Characteristics
• ALL are eukaryotic
• MOST prefer aquatic environment
• “junk drawer” of the natural world
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Classification
• Animal-like
• Plant-like
• Fungus-like
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Animal-like Protists
• called protozoans = “first animals”
• no cell wall
• heterotrophic
• classified by how they move
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Sarcodines
• move by pseudopodia
• ex: amoeba
• many have shells used in formation of limestone, chalk
• use pseudopodia to engulf food
• reproduce by binary fission
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Ciliates
• move by cilia
• reproduce by binary fission or conjugation
• ex: stentor, vorticella, paramecium
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Paramecium
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Flagellates/Mastigophorans
• move by flagella
• many live inside animals (symbiotic relationship)
• ex: Trypanosoma - causes African Sleeping Sickness
• ex: Giardia - causes severe diarrhea
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Sporozoans
• no means of locomotion
• must rely on host
• most are parasitic
• ex: Plasmodium - cause malaria
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Plasmodium Life Cycle
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Plant-like Protists
• autotrophic
• unicellular or multicellular, some are colonial
• thought to supply approx. 70% of Earth’s oxygen
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Euglenoids
• unicellular
• move by flagella
• found in fresh water
• have an eye spot
• ex: euglena
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Diatoms
• unicellular
• over 10,000 different species
• found in fresh and salt water
• silicon dioxide shell (glass)
• many commercial uses - pest repellant, car paint, nail polish, tooth paste, cat litter, toxic spill clean up…..
• (technically golden algae)
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Dinoflagellates
• unicellular
• 2 flagella
• often have colorful pigments & many produce bioluminescence
• ex: Red Tide
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Green Algae
• may be unicellular, multicellular, or colonial
• ex: Chlamydomonas, Volvox, Chlorophyta
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Golden Algae
• found mostly in fresh water
• very small group
• AKA: Chrysophyta
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Red Algae
• most are multicellular & marine
• can be found very deep
• used as food additive (carrageenan), in cosmetics and hair products and to make agar :)
• also used as Asian food
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Brown Algae
• “seaweed”
• most are marine, can be found in very cold water
• range in size from very small to over 100 meters
• many have air bladders
• ex: Giant Kelp
• uses: algin - food stabilizer, Asian food
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Fungus-like Protists
• heterotrophic
• have cell walls
• many move by flagella during life cycle
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Slime Mold
• begin as single cells that collect together
• prefer moist, nutrient-rich environment
• commonly found in mulch
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Water Mold
• AKA downy mildew & white rusts
• feed on decaying organic material (rotting trees, mulch)
• responsible for Ireland’s Great Potato Famine of mid-1800s