Kingdom Protista

ProtistsCan be divided into plant-like, animal-like, and fungus-like groupsImportant members of the phytoplankton and zooplanktonWe will concentrate on plant-like and animal-like

Plant-like ProtistsAlgaeAquatic (freshwater or marine)Found anywhere you find tiny drops of waterPhotosyntheticCell walls containing celluloseCan be green, red or brownColor reflects concentration of pigments in chloroplastsDiatomsDinoflagellates

Green AlgaePhylum ChlorophytaMajority live in freshwaterReproduce asexually and sexuallyMost unicellularEx: Sea Lettuce (Ulva) Marine algaeResembles a large leaf of lettuceReproduces sexually

Red AlgaePhylum RhodophytaPrimarily marine, found in warm oceansRed pigment masks green color of chlorophyllCan grow on rocks and other algae & plantsSome can be parasiticImportant uses:Agar-used for culture media for growing bacteriaIrish moss-used to make a type of puddingPorphyra-used to make sushi, soups, seasonings

Brown AlgaePhylum PhaeophytaMarine, found in cooler water & along shoresYellow pigment masks green chlorophyllCan be microscopic to 100 meters in sizeReproduce sexuallyEx: rockweed, kelpImportant uses:Algin-used in cosmetics & food industryIodine- concentrated in kelp tissues, harvested for table salt

DiatomsPhylum BacillariophytaUnicellularMicroscopicFreshwater & marineMainly reproduce asexually, reproduce sexually when reach a certain sizeProvide much of the worlds oxygenYellow pigments that mask chlorophyll

Cell walls formed by double shell, 2 halves (frustules) fit together like boxShell made of silica (glass-like material)Cant be decomposed and recycled by bacteriaShells accumulate on bottom of sea, may form sedimentary rocks & deposits called diatomaceous earthDeposits mined & used for swimming pool filters, silver polish, toothpaste

DinoflagellatesPhylum PyrrophytaUnicellularArmored in stiff cellulose walls2 flagella used in locomotionContain chlorophyllReproduce asexuallySome produce powerful toxins, are parasites, or symbionts

Animal-Like ProtistsKnown as ProtozoaMostly heterotrophicAbundant in damp soil, fresh, and marine waterInclude: Amoeba, Foraminiferans, Paramecium, Radiolarians

AmoebasUnicellularFound in mud & sandy bottoms of marine habitatsMove by pseudopodia- false foot, push forward in finger-like projections of cytoplasmUse to surround & engulf preyReproduce by binary fission

ForaminiferansShelled amoebasShell made of calcium chloride, has many chambersMany small openings through which pseudopodia projectMarineReproduce sexually & asexuallyShells of dead foraminiferans make up special sedimentsSome is brought to surface & forms chalk depositsEx: White Cliffs of Dover, English Channel

RadiolariansShells made of silicaSmall openings w/ pseudopodia projecting outwardReproduce sexuallyMarineLive throughout the different zones of the oceans

ParameciumPhylum CiliophoraUnicellularMarine & freshwaterDistinct anterior & posterior endsMove by ciliaShort, whip-like extensions that beat in rhythm