Kingdom - Plantae

Plant Evolution

Plant Characteristics

• Vascular or Nonvascular

• Roots– Taproots or Fibrous Roots

• Seeds?

• Flowers?

• Dominant Life Stage – Gametophyte or Sporophyte

To be a plant you must…

• Cell wall made of cellulose

• Autotroph

• Eukaryote

• Multicellular

• Alternation of Generations

• Domain Eukarya

Plant Parts/ Adaptations• Stomata – openings on the sides of leaves

that allow CO2 to enter and O2 to exit• Cuticle – waxy covering on leaves –

prevents water loss• Vascular Tissue – transport tissues in plants

– Xylem (transports water and minerals to leaves) and Phloem (transports products of photosynthesis to roots and stems)

• Seeds – plant structure that contains an embryo, nutrients and is covered by a protective coat

Cross-section of a leaf

Plant Reproduction

• Alternation of Generations – Alternate between haploid and diploid

• Gametophyte – haploid – makes sperm and eggs

• Sporophyte – diploid – made from the fusion of 2 gametophyte gametes – makes spores that grow into the next gametophyte generation

Alternation of Generations

Parts of a Flower

Phylum Hepatophyta - Liverworts

• Avascular• No roots• No seeds• No Flowers• Gametophyte is

dominant• Very simple plants

Phylum – Bryophyta - Mosses

• Avascular• No roots• No seeds • No flowers• Dominant

Gametophyte• Very simple

Phylum – Pterophyta - Ferns

• Vascular• Roots• No seeds• No flowers• Sporophyte is

dominant

Phylum – Coniferophyta – Conifers/ Gymnosperms

• Vascular• Roots• Seeds• No Flowers • Sporophyte is

dominant• Some are Dioecious –

have male trees and female trees

Phylum – Anthophyta - Angiosperms

• Vascular

• Roots

• Stems

• Seeds

• Flowers

• Dominant Sporophyte