Kingdom Plantae

Characteristics of Kingdom Plantae

Eukaryotic

Photosynthetic

Multicellular

Thick cell walls

Green algae is ancestor

Adaptations to living on land

Cuticle- waxy layer

preventing water loss

Adaptations to living on land

Leaves

Broad flat surface that traps light energy for photosynthesis

Roots

Absorb water and minerals from soil and transport to rest of plant

anchor

Adaptations to living on land

Stem- transport

Contains vascular tissues that transport

materials

Xylem- moves water and minerals from

roots to the rest of the plant

Phloem- transports sugars from the leaves

to the rest of plant

Adaptations to living on land

Adaptations to living on land

Seeds

Embryo and food source covered by a

protective outer coating

Adaptations to living on land

Support

Cellulose in cell walls

Reproductive Cycle

Alternation of

Generation

Zygote (2n)

Plant divisions

Animalia- phyla

Plant-divisions

Plants can be divided into:

seed and non-seed plants OR

Vascular and non-vascular plants

Plant Divisions

Non-seed plants reproduce using

spores Example- Ferns

Plant Divisions Vascular plants have xylem and phloem

Non-vascular no xylem and phloem

Grow close to the ground

Found in moist environments

Example- Mosses and Liverworts

Two important seed plants

Gymnosperms

Angiosperms

Gymnosperms

Division- Coniferophyta (Conifers)

Seeds produced in cones

Name means “Naked seed”

Pine trees

Angiosperms

Division Anthophyta

Flowering plants

Angiosperms Parts

Angiosperms

Petals- brightly colored/fragrant to

attract pollinator

Sepals- leaves surrounding base of the

flower. Used to protect bud before

blossoming

Angiosperms

Pistil- female reproductive

part

Stigma- top of the style, sticky

to attract pollen

Style-stalk that connects

stigma to ovary. Pollen tubes

grow down to ovary.

Ovary- egg producing

structure. Ova are made in the

ovules. Eventually develops

into the fruit.

Angiosperms

Stamen- male reproductive part

Anther- at tip. Produces pollen

Filament- long, thin stalk that supports the

anther

Angiosperms

Fertilization of a seed

Pollen is the male reproductive cells in

plants. The pollen attaches to the

stigma on the pistil. Here the pollen

begins to migrate down the style of the

pistil. When the sperm reaches the

ovary, fertilization takes place.

Angiosperms

Fertilization

Angiosperms

Angiosperms

Fertilization continued

As the seed develops, the ovary

enlarges forming the fruit. Once

dormancy ends, a seed begins the

process of development called

germination.

Angiosperms

Germination

Plant tissues Epidermis- covers all parts of the plant

Stomata (Stomates)- openings in the

cuticle that controls exchange of gases

and prevent water loss in plants

Stomates

surrounded

by two kidney

shaped cells

called

guard cells

Stomata with guard cells

Transpiration

Transpiration-

Loss of water

through the

stomates

Comparison of Monocots and Dicots

Fibrous

roots

Tap roots