KINGDOM: ANIMALIAPHYLUM: PORIFERA (Ex: sponges)SUBKINGDOM: PARAZOA (No true tissues/no organs)

Most primitive animal

Sessile (non-moving)ASYMMETRY

Move water in through small holes (OSTIA) out through big hole (OSCULUM)HERMAPHRODITES-make both eggs and sperm

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PHYLUM: CNIDARIA (EX: jellyfish, hydra, coral, anemones)SUBKINGDOM:METAZOA (true tissues)DIPLOBLASTIC (two germ layers)RADIAL SYMMETRYTWO FORMS POLYP (sessile) and MEDUSA (free swimming)ONE OPENING GASTROVASCULAR CAVITYStinging cells = NEMATOCYSTS

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *SUBKINGDOM: EUMETAZOA (true animals = 3 germ layers)ALL WORMS:INVERTEBRATE PROTOSTOMEShave BILATERAL SYMMETRY (BILATERIA)Breathe THROUGH SKIN

PLATYHELMINTHES (FLAT) NEMATODA (ROUND) ANNELIDA (SEGMENTED)ACOELOM PSEUDOCOELOM EUCOELOM

< 2 opening digestive system GASTROVASCULAR CAVITY (Planaria) OR NO openings (tapeworm)OPEN circulationEX: Planaria, flukes, tapewormssome parasitic: Schistosomiasis (blood fluke)

2 opening digestive systemOPEN CirculationFree living = important decomposers Many are parasitesEX: pinworms, hookworms, dog heartworm, Ascaris,

2 opening digestive systemSEGMENTATIONCLOSED circulationMost HERMAPHRODITESEX: earthworms,

leeches

PHYLUM: MOLLUSCA COELOMATE = true coelom2 opening digestive system OPEN circulation except CEPHALOPODS“SOFT BODIES”Many have shells secreted by MANTLE * Some think mollusks are related to annelids because many marine mollusks and annelids have ciliated TROCHOPHORE larva; but mollusks NOT SEGMENTED* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *PHYLUM: ECHINODERMATA (Ex: starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars)

SPINY SKINAll MARINE (live in salt water)LARVA-BILATERAL SYMMETRY; ADULTS-RADIALENDOSKELETONINVERTEBRATE DEUTEROSTOMESWATER VASCULAR SYSTEM with TUBE FEET

BIVALVES: 2 shellsclams, oysters

GASTROPODS: 1 shellsnails, slugs

CEPHALOPODS: no shell octopus, squid

AMPHIBIAN Ex; frog, toad, salamander“Double life” = aquatic larva morphs to terrestrial adultThin, moist skin3 chamber heart2 loop circulation ECTOTHERMICLay eggs without shells

PHYLUM: ARTHROPODA

Largest, most successful animal phylumCOELOMATEINVERTEBRATE PROTOSTOMESSEGMENTATIONJOINTED APPENDAGES

EXOSKELETON made of CHITINOPEN circulatory systemMany undergo METAMORPHOSIS

PHYLUM: CHORDATASUBPHYLUM:VERTEBRATA ALL COELOMATE DEUTEROSTOMES

FISH CHONDRICHTHYES-ENDOSKELETON of cartilage Ex: sharks, rays, skates OSTEICHTHYES-ENDOSKELETON of bone Ex: perch, bass, eel - Most RAY FINNED-have spines in fins - LOBE-FINNED-have tiny arm/leg bones in fins; Evidence suggests extinct LOBE-FINNED fish are ancestors of amphibians and other vertebrates (TIK-TAALIK)2 chamber heart/1 loop circulatory systemGILLSscales/finsswim bladder or lungsECTOTHERMIC = “cold blooded” * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

MAMMALIAENDOTHERMICFur or hairMAMMARY GLANDS make milk for young4 chamber heart/2 loop circulatory systemLungs for respirationExcrete UREAMost VIVIPAROUS-live birth

INSECTS6 legs

HEAD, THORAX, ABDOMEN Excrete URIC ACID with MALPIGHIAN TUBULES

TRACHEA & SPIRACLES-respiratory Ex: Grasshopper, bee, ant

ARACHNIDS8 legsCEPHALOTHORAX, ABDOMEN Excrete URIC ACID with MALPIGHIAN TUBULES BOOK LUNGS-respiratory

Ex: Spiders, ticks, scorpions CRUSTACEANS

10 legs CEPHALOTHORAX, ABDOMEN

GILLS-respiratory GREEN GLANDS - excretory Ex; crayfish , lobster, crab

BIRDS (AVES)Wings/feathersENDOTHERMIC = “warm blooded”4 chamber heart/2 loop circulatory systemHollow, light weight bonesAir sacs attached to lungs for efficient gas exchangeExcrete URIC ACIDLay AMNIOTIC EGGS

REPTILIA Ex: snake, lizard. Tortoise, crocodileThick, scaly skinECTOTHERMICMost 3 chamber heart/2 loop circulatory systemExcrete URIC ACIDINTERNAL FERTILIZATIONOVIPAROUS- Lay AMNIOTIC EGGS