Kingdom Animalia

Characteristics• They are heterotrophic.• All are multicellular.• They all vary in size.• 2 classifications

- Invertebrates: without backbone- Vertebrates: with backbone

• Composed of 9 phyla

Invertebrates

• Porifera• Cnidaria• Platyhelminthes• Nematoda• Annelida• Mollusca• Arthropoda• Echinodermata

Vertebrates

Chordata

Phylum Porifera• Also known as SPONGES• Have PORES or HOLES in their bodies and a

single large opening called osculum• Filter feeders• Has two layers of cells

-epidermal cells-collar cells

Phylum Cnidaria

• Hollow, tube-like bodies• Presence of nematocyst• Bodies are composed of two layers of tissue:

epidermis and gastrodermis• Food is ingested and expelled through the

gastrovascular cavity

Sea Anemone

Hydra

Phylum Platyhelminthes

• Commonly known as flatworms• Flat bodies• They posses only a hollow sac with a single

opening for food and waste excretion

Liverfluke

Marine Worm

Phylum Nematoda

• Commonly known as roundworms• Round bodies covered with cuticle• Ascaris and hookworms are examples

Phylum Annelida

• Characterized by ring like body parts• Have similar segments throughout their

bodies• Presence of mouth and anus• Have hearts and blood vessels

Phylum Mollusca

• Have soft bodies but they have hard protective shells as outer body covering

• Mussels, clams, and oysters are examples

Phylum Arthropoda

• Most diverse of all the phyla• Exhibits cephalization• Well developed nervous system (brain and nerve

cord)• Have segmented bodies• Body is divided into 3 segments (head, thorax and

abdomen)• Exoskeleton is made up of chitin• They molt or shed their exoskeleton as they grow

up

Phylum Echinodermata

• Has a tube feet system of canals • For sucking in seawater to obtain nutrients

and for expelling wastes.

Phylum Chordata

• Three distinguishing structures:-notochord-skull-vertebral column or backbone

Major classes of Vertebrates

• Agnatha (jawless fishes)• Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes)• Osteichthyes (bony fishes)• Amphibia• Reptilia• Aves• Mammalia

Class Agnatha

• Jawless fishes but have sucking mouth parts• No paired fins, jaws or scales• Notochord serves as the skeleton of

agnathans

Class Chondricthyes• Skeletons are made up of cartilage• Have gills, fins and scales• Have toothlike scales

Class Osteichthyes• Called bony fishes• Skeletons are made up of bones• Scales are flattened• Presence of swim bladder

Class Amphibia• They generally live in or near bodies of water• Early stages on water, adult stage on land

Class Reptilia

• Have hard body coverings (scales or plates)• Sharp claws on their toes adapted for climbing

and tearing prey• Cold-blooded organisms• They breathe through their lungs• Most are egg laying

Class Aves

• Feathers cover the bodies of birds• Presence of beak or bill for food getting• A pair of wings that enables them to fly• Warm-blooded animals• All of them are egg-laying

Class Mammalia

• Presence of mammary glands• These secretes milk (in females)• Warm blooded animals• They reproduce through sexual means

QUIZ

• Now that you have learned how diverse living things are (especially plants and animals), please make an essay on how can a Rocesian participate in conserving the biodiversity here in the Philippines.

• Arial, 12, 2” spacing, Narrow margin, short bond paper, maximum of 5 (five pages)

• Submission: Wednesday• Deductions for similar answers will be given.• Please observe honesty with your work.