AP U.S. History Study Guide, Chapter 2: Transplantations and Borderlands

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1. Know (Define each term and explain the significance. An example is provided.): a. Jamestown. Jamestown, the first permanent English colony in North America,

was an excellent example of how colonists had to overcome the harsh conditions in colonial North America. Its eventual prosperity demonstrates how committed the colonists were to transplanting their economic, political, and social customs and culture to North America, and how uninterested they were in adapting to the customs and cultures of the Native Americans.

b. John Smith c. Virginia Company d. Tobacco e. Headright system f. Indentured servants g. Powhatan Indians h. Pocahontas i. Royal Colony j. Proprietary Colony k. Charter Colony l. Plymouth Plantation m. Mayflower Compact n. William Bradford o. John Winthrop p. Theocracy q. Roger Williams r. Anne Hutchinson s. Pequot War t. King Phillip’s War u. English Civil War v. New York Colony w. Quakers x. William Penn y. Carolina Colonies z. Pennsylvania Colony aa. Georgia Colony bb. Navigation Acts cc. Dominion of New England dd. Leisler’s Rebellion ee. Coode’s Rebellion

2. Be able to explain:

The causes and significance of Bacon's Rebellion. The background of the Massachusetts Bay colony and its founders, the Puritans. The conditions in Puritan Massachusetts Bay that spawned such dissenters as Roger

Williams and Anne Hutchinson. The expansion of the original settlements, and the influences of the North American

frontier on the colonists. How the Spanish colonies continued to flourish and the impact this had on the British-

American colonial system. Dutch efforts to establish a colony and the reasons for their failure.

AP U.S. History Study Guide, Chapter 2: Transplantations and Borderlands

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3. Free-Response Questions. 1. Compare and contrast the economic, political, and religious characteristics of the

three colonial regions. This question is answered in Table 2.1. Study the table.

Table 2.1: Regional Comparison of the Colonies Southern Colonies Virginia, Maryland, South and North Carolina, and Georgia

Middle Colonies New York, New Jersey,

Pennsylvania, and Delaware

New England Colonies Massachusetts, Connecticut,

New Hampshire, and Rhode

Island

Colonists initially settled in Virginia under a royal charter to the Virginia Company. Stock holders and settlers expected profits from gold and crops

Dutch initially settled the

region known as New

Amsterdam, followed by

the Swedes, and finally the

English

Puritans initially settled the

first colony at Jamestown

(later incorporated into

Massachusetts). Strict rules

for adhering to a godly

community led to dissenters

leaving and establishing

other colonies in the New

England region

Plantation economy based

on single crops, mainly

tobacco and rice

Commercial economy dependent upon small farmers, craftsmen, and merchants

Subsistence, family-operated farm and business economy dependent upon small farmers and merchants

Significant slave population

provided most labor for the

large plantations

Families and Indentured

servants provided most

labor on small businesses

and small farms

Families provided most labor on their farms and in their businesses

Socially-stratified, bi-racial

society of free whites and

enslaved Africans

Heterogeneous society

based upon diverse cultures,

languages, and religions

Homogeneous society based upon white ownership of property

Wealthy elite plantation owners provided colonial governance

Small land and business owners provided colonial governance, often through colonial legislatures

Church members and landowners provided colonial governance, often through town rule and town meetings

People lived in widely-dispersed settlements on large and small plantations as well as small farms

People lived in small,

dispersed settlements

People lived in close-knit, clustered villages and towns

Traditionally English

viewpoints formed the

foundation for colonial

political, economic, and

religious policies

Diverse EuroAmerican

cultural, economic,

political, and social

traditions formed the

Strict religious adherence to

the idea of a perfect, godly

community formed the

foundation for political,

economic, and social

AP U.S. History Study Guide, Chapter 2: Transplantations and Borderlands

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foundations for diverse

political, social, and

economic policies

policies

Religious affiliation was Church of England/Anglican and the church played a minor role in politics and the economy

Religious affiliation was diverse and religion played a minor role in politics and the economy

Religion was Calvinist in

origin although little

uniformity existed among

practitioners and dictated

the political, social, and

economic lives of the

colonists 2. Compare and contrast Jamestown and the Massachusetts Bay Colony in terms of the reasons

for their founding, types of settlers, early problems, and the reasons for successes and failures.

3. How did the geographic features and indigenous population of early Virginia influence the growth of the colony at Jamestown?

4. Evaluate the impact of the Glorious Revolution on the development of the British North American colonies.