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Kindergarten

Matter and Its Interactions

2015-12-30

www.njctl.org

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Table of Contents

· Matter

· Solids

· Liquids

· Gases

· Changing States of Matter

Click on the topic to go to that section

· States of Matter Found in Nature

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Matter

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Matter

The world is made of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space.Everything you see is made of matter. Everything in the world is a solid, liquid, or gas.

Solids

Liquids

Gases air

Examples:

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Solids

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SolidsQuestion .... What is a solid?

Record students' responses.

A solid has a definite (own) shape.

You can feel its shape when you touch it.You can observe height, length, weight, color,texture, and hardness.

A solid will keep its shape unless a force changes it.

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Solids Activity: Feely Bag and Chart

Reach into the bag and feel with your hand. What is the solid object?Take the object out and fill in any of the characteristics on the chart that apply.

Object Height Weight Color TextureHeavy / Light Rough / SmoothLong/Short

?

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Solids Discovery Center Activity

Set up the discovery table with a feely bag.Place various items in the bag.Have the students feel one item at a time and complete the activity sheet 1.

?

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Solids - HardnessHard or Soft

A hard object does not change shape.

You can make a dent in a soft object.

Hard Soft

clay

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Hardness Discovery Center Activity

Set up the discovery table with chart labeled hard and soft.Place various items on the table.Have the students place the items in the correct section of chart.Have them complete activity sheet 2 to label what was hard and what was soft to the touch.

hard soft

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Solids - TextureLead discussion-Use your fingers to feel if an object is rough or smooth!

What does a rough object feel like?

What does a smooth object feel like?

Rough Objects Smooth ObjectsRough - uneven, bumpy

Smooth-without bumps

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Matter - Solids

Man vs Nature

Some solid objects are made by man.Can you think of solid objects made by people?

Other solid objects are not made by man and can be found in nature. Can you think of solid objects that can be found innature?

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SolidsMan Made Natural

rock rope tomato hard hat toy raccoon sea star

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1 Is everything you see called matter?

Yes

No

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2 Does a solid have a definite shape?

Yes

No

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3 Which solid object would be hard ?

A B C

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4 Which of these solid objects would be rough ?

A B C

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rocks table tree

5 Which solid object was made by man?

A B C

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Liquids

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Question --

What is a liquid?

Record responses.

· Liquids take the shape of the container they occupy.· They can be poured from one container to another.· Liquids then take the shape of the new container.

Liquids

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Liquids - Class Activity

Using different containers - pour water from one container to another to observe how liquid takes the shape of the new container.

What happens to water if we drop (spill) some on the table while pouring into the containers????

Materials· water· various containers· tub to catch excess water

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Investigating Water

Earth is about 75% water.

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Properties of Water

Questions ...

· Does water smell?· How does it feel?

Record Responses

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Properties of Water - Lab 1

Show students how to use pipet, have them practice using pipet dropping water back into the cup.

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Give each student a piece of wax paper.

Have the students put one drop of water onto wax paper.

The students use pencil to move water drop.

The students should try to split it with pencil.Now try to push them back together.

Properties of Water - Lab 1

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Properties of Water

Questions for discussion ...

Can we split water?

Can we push water back together?

Was it easier to push water drops together or apart?

Water drops are · round· smooth· small

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Discovery Center ActivityProperties of Water

· Set up the discovery center with materials you used today.· Allow the children to experiment with water.· Have them record what happened to the water.

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6 Does a liquid take the shape of the container you pour it into?

Yes

No

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7 Can you pour a liquid from one container to another?

Yes

No

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Pull it apart / split it

Push two parts together

Make it jump

8 What can't you do with a drop of water?

ABC

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Liquids - Density

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Liquids - Density

Liquids can be ...

· thick

· thin

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Liquids Density - Activity· Choose two different liquids.· One should be thick and one should be thin.· Pour them at the same time into individual glasses and record students' observations (move sentences to correct term).

Thick

Thin

___________was a thick liquid.

____________ was a thin liquid.

moves (pours) slowlymoves (pours) faster

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LiquidsLiquids can...

· float

· sink

When you pour two liquids togetherthey don't always mix.If two liquids don't mix the

· densest (thick) liquid will sink· thin (less dense) liquid will float to the top

Let's test some liquids to see ifthey float or sink in other liquids.

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Liquids Lab 2Materials· glasses· water· cooking oil· syrup (molasses)

?? What liquid is the densest (thick)? What liquid floated to the top? (less dense - thin)

Pour the same amount of water into each glass. (you can add a few drops of food coloring)Add an equal amount of cooking oil to one glass.Add an equal amount corn syrup (molasses) to the other glass.Or add both to one glass.Observe what the liquids do.

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Liquids - Experiment Part 2

Use glasses and liquids from previous experiment.Drop two objects into glasses.

Hypothesis - Which item(s) will sink to the bottom, middle , or top level?

What was the result?

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Liquids in NatureOil at Sea

Oil that spills from big boats floats on the ocean because the oil is lighter than sea water. Much of the oil washes onto the beaches. This makes the beach very dirty.People must clean the beach.

Have you ever been to the oceanor lake and observed oil floatingon top? Where do you think it came from?

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Discovery Table ActivityLiquids

Set up table with plastic cups, bottles with water, oil, and corn syrup. Let the children pour two or three liquids into a plastic cup. Let them add small objects.

Have the students draw a picture of what their containers looked like.

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fast slow

9 A thick liquid pours ______?

A B

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oil water syrup

10 What liquid is thickest (most dense)?

A B C

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11Which object would sink to the bottom if you have water and syrup in the glass?

A B

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Liquids - Hot and Cold Water

Water becomes less dense(thick) when it is heated. This makes hot water lighter than cold water.

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Hot/Cold Liquid Lab 3Materials-· glass bowl or tank· water (cold and hot)· small bottle with cap· food coloring

· Pour cold water into tank(bowl) 3/4 full.· Fill the small bottle with hot tap water. Add a few drops of food coloring.· Put the top on bottle and shake it.· Place the bottle at the bottom of bowl and take off cap.

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Hot/Cold Experiment

What happened?

Why?

The hot water is lighter then the cold water, so it shoots to the tops of the bowl.

The hot water will lay on top of the cold water until it starts to cool.

As it cools, the colored water will mix.

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Matter in NatureScience Around Us

Hot water holes

We can see hot water shoot up from a hole in nature.

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12 Hot water is ________ than cold water.

A heavier

B lighter

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13 If you put hot water (in a bottle) into cold water, it will ____________.

A shoot to the top

B sink to the bottom

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Gases

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Gases

Gases· most are invisible (cannot see)· gases spread (like when you spray perfume)· fills space it is in· no particular shape· cannot usually feel

Discussion Question - How did the smell move across the room?

Have children stand on one side of the room.Spray perfume.Lead discussion on what they smelled but did not see.

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Gases - Activity

Blow up balloon or bubble gum.

Question - What is inside the balloon or bubble? What makes it spread?

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"It's A Gas" Lab 4

Materials Needed:· balloon· baking soda· measuring spoon· small bottle· vinegar

1. Blow up a balloon a few times to stretch it.2. Put 3 tablespoons of baking soda into a small bottle.3. Pour enough vinegar into the bottle to cover the baking soda.4. Stretch the open end of the balloon over the mouth of the bottle.5. Watch what happens.

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Discovery Center ActivityBalloon Pop

Set up the following activity at your discovery table. Materials:· Small bottles of soda (pop)· BalloonDirections for students :Open up a bottle of soda, and set it on a table. Quickly slip the end of a balloon over the neck of the bottle. Pull the end of the balloon down so it fits tightly. Now watch the balloon. Record what happened to the balloon on your activity sheet 7.

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Gas Bubbles

· We learned that oil and water don't mix.· We can add tablets to oil and water that create bubbles.· The gas bubbles start the water moving.· The gas bubbles pull the water through the oil.

Let's do an experiment that will show those gas bubbles moving.

Let's see if we can create our own gas bubbles.

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Teacher notes- How does this work. Tablets fizz and dissolve in water. Fizzing is carbon dioxide...this forms bubbles.Water is more dense then oil. The bubbles attach themselves to blobs of water. Together they are less dense than oil, so they float upward. At the surface the bubbles pop and the blobs of water sink.

Teacher Notes

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Gases - Lab 5Materials-· bottle· water· oil· tablets (two effervescent)

· Pour the vegetable oil into the bottle until it is 3/4 full.· Fill the remainder of the bottle with water.· Add a few drops of food coloring. (use different colors)

Question - What do you observe happening to the drops of food coloring? Now let's do something else!

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· Break the two effervescent tablets in halfand drop them into the bottle.· Are they fizzing?· Loosely screw the cap back on and watch the fizz work.

Can we try something else?

· What do you think would happen if we used a different kind of oil?· What do think would happen to glitter?· What if we added another type of tablet?

Gases - Lab 5

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Gas Bubbles

Question - Did we create our own gas bubbles?

We have observed gas (carbon dioxide ) in soda , mixing baking soda and vinegar, and by adding tablets to oil and water. You are a scientist that discovered how gas moves.

Remember this about gases ...· most are invisible (cannot see)· gases spread · fills space it is in· no particular shape· cannot usually feel

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Science Around UsGas - Bubbles

wax lamps

lava lamps

Your mom or dad may have a wax or lava lamp at home.What do you think heats the wax in the lamp?

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14 Is a gas always invisible?

Yes

No

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15 What is inside a balloon when you blow it up?

A gas

B water

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gas bubblerock food coloring

16 In a lava lamp, what can attach itself to water to make the water move through the oil?

A B C

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Changing States of Matter

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Solid Liquid

Liquid Solid

Liquid

Liquid

Gas

Gas

Changing States of Matter

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Solid Liquid

Question - Why does chocolate melt or ice become runny?

Solids Heated

Melt

Liquid

When some solids are heated they melt and change into a liquid.

Question - What could be a heat source?

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Solid to Liquid Activity

· Put ice cubes in a cup.· Question - Where can we warm the ice in the classroom?· As a group decide where to place the glass in the room.· Question - What do you think will happen to the ice?· Observe and document what happens to the ice.· Question - How long did it take to turn into a liquid?

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Discovery Table Solid to Liquid Experiments

Melting Ice Cubes

Place ice cubes out during center time.There are four activities they must perform.

Have them predict which activity will make the cube melt the quickest.

· Hold ice cube for 10 seconds.·· Blow on ice cube for 10 seconds.·· Put salt on ice cube.·· Put ice cube in warm water.

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heat cold

17 What will help change solid ice into a liquid?

A B

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18 What will not make solid ice melt?

A B C

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Liquid to Solid

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Liquid to Solid

When liquids are cold enough they freeze and change into a solid.

Liquid Cold

Freeze

Solid

Question - What can be the cold source?

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Liquid to SolidActivity

Materials· Fruit Juice· Ice Cube Tray

· Pour the fruit juice into the tray.· Place the tray into the refrigerator.

Question - What do you think will happen to the liquid?

Question - How long do you think it will take for the liquid to change into a solid?· Remove the tray from refrigerator. Observe what happen to the liquid. Record what the students see.Question- Why did the liquid turn into a solid?

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Matter in NatureLiquid to Solid

Have you ever seen icicles where you live?How do you think they formed?

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Liquid to Solid

Sometimes we do not want liquids to freeze when it is cold.

Question - How can we stop the liquid from turning into solid ice? Let's find out!

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Liquids to Solids without Freezing

We are going to perform an experiment that will change a liquid into a solid. We do not want the liquid to freeze!We will add the element of cold. But we must add something else to keep it from freezing.

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Liquid to SolidLab 6

How do we stop it from freezing?

Cold Tasty Treat Experiment

Materials:· Juice· Crushed Ice· Four tablespoons of salt· Two plastic bags (one bigger)· Pair of gloves

Question - Which of the above materials do you think will keep the liquid (juice) from freezing?

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How did we stop it from freezing?

Liquid to Solid + Salt Lab 6

1. Pour the juice into the smaller of two plastic bags. Remove air from bag and seal it.

2. Put the smaller bag into the larger bag.

3. Add crushed ice to the larger bag. It should surround smaller bag.

4. Sprinkle the salt onto the ice.

5. Squeeze out air and seal bag.

6. Put on the gloves and squish the bag. Move the mixture around for ten minutes. Allow students to take turns.

7. Remove the sorbet from smaller bag and allow everyone to have a spoonful.

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Science in NatureHow do we stop the roads from freezing ?

We put salt on the roads when it is cold outside so the water on the road does not freeze.

Has the sidewalk in front of your house ever been slippery from snow or ice?What did your family do?

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heat cold

19 What will help change a liquid into a solid?

A B

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salt pepperlemon

20 What can we use to stop a liquid from freezing?

A B C

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Liquid to Gas

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Liquid to Gas

When liquid is heated it boils and bubbles of gas form in hot water. Gas floats in air and forms hot steam.

Liquid Heat

Gas

(hot)

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Liquid to Gas Lab 7

· Boil water (or use electric tea pot)· Watch for steam

Experiment 1

Lead discussion with students...

What do you hear?What do you see?Do you feel anything?

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Liquid to GasTeacher Notes

Liquid in Glass-Students will notice that the water level does not fall in the glass.Water vapor cannot escape because it is trapped.

Liquid in Dish-The students will notice that the water in the dish vanishes.Water evaporates more quickly when it is warm.Water open to air forms water vapor, which is invisible.Vapor mixes with air and is carried away.

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Experiment 2 Vanishing Water

Liquid to Gas Lab 7

Question - What happens to the water in your bathing suit when you hang it up to dry?

This experiment will show how water disappears (evaporates) into the air.

Materials:· Small dish· Water· Glass bowl· Marker· Small glass

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Liquid to Gas Lab 7Experiment 2 Vanishing Water

1. Draw a line on the glass with a marker.

2. Pour water into glass...stop at the line.

3. Pour the water from glass into dish.

4. Fill the glass with water again ... stop at the line.

5. Cover the glass with the bowl or plastic wrap.6. Leave the dish and the covered glass in a warm place for several hours or over night.7. Observe, discuss and record what happened.

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Discovery Center Activity Liquid to Gas

Materials Needed:· Small chalk board· Water· Paintbrush

1.Dip your paint brush into the water.2. Paint a simple picture on the chalkboard.3.Wait a few minutes and observe what happens to your drawing.*If it is nice day you might do this outside on the sidewalk!

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Liquid to GasNature at Work

When wet bathing suits are hung up to dry, the water changes into invisible water vapor that mixes with the air.Soon all the water evaporates and the clothes become dry.

Why do we hang wet clothes on a line?

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21 When a liquid is heated and boils, do gas bubbles form?

Yes

No

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When it is cold. When it is warm.

22 When does water evaporate more quickly?

A B

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Gas to Liquid

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Gas to Liquid

Gas Cold

LiquidWhen you heat liquid it turns into gas,but if gas hits a cold surface it turnsback into a liquid.

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Gas to Liquid Experiment

Have you ever seen mist or fog?Question - Why do you think drops of water appear on grass or plants in the morning?Let's do an experiment to find out why!

Materials needed...· ice cubes

·· rolling pin or hammer to crush ice

·· glass

·· thin cardboard square

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1. Crush ice.

2. Pour crushed ice into a dry glass.

3. Cover the glass with a square of cardboard to keep the air inside. Wait a few minutes.

5. Run a finger across the glass.

6. Do you see or feel tiny drops of water?

Gas to Liquid Lab 8

Start with an empty glass filled with air (gas).

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Teacher Notes

The ice cools the glass and the air around it.Cold air cannot hold much water vapor, so some vapor changes into drops of water.This also shows you how mist and fog form in the air.

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Science in NatureGas to Liquid

in Nature

Nature's Morning Dew

On a cold morning, the air cannot hold much water vapor.Some of it changes into tiny drops of water.When moist air touches the cold surface, we call this dew.

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23 If gas hits cold it will turn back into a ____________.

A solid

B liquid

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24 Which picture shows gas that has turned back into a liquid on a cold morning?

A B C

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All Matter

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All Matter

You have learned a lot about matter.You have learned about solids , liquids, and gases.You have learned how they can change from one form to another.

Now you are going to work with a team to see how much you know about matter. Your teacher will divide you into teams and then you will do the activity on the next page.

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All Matter

solids liquids

gases mixtures

Class discussion. Allow the students to form small groups and fill in squares on activity sheet 12. Then as a class fill out this chart.

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States of MatterFound in Nature

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Matter Is All Around Us

We have learned that matter is all around us.

Nature creates some wonderous matter.

We will look at what nature has created and then try to create some wonderous matter of our own!

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States of Matter in Nature

Crystals can be found in nature.They ...

· are solids· are 3-D patterns· take years to form in nature

We will set up an experiment where crystals appear overnight.

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Science in NatureLab 9

Crystals in a Jar

Materials

· hot water· pack of powdered alum· two spoons· pipe cleaners· paper clip· pencil· paper towel· clean jar

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Teacher Notes

If they have time and space to grow, most minerals dissolve in water and form crystals. As the solution cools overnight, it contracts, this leaves less space for the alum in the water.It gradually turns into crystals that are attracted to the pipe cleaner.

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Crystals in a JarLab 9

Step one - Pour hot water into jar until 3/4 full. Drop in one tablespoon powered alum at a time, and stir with another spoon. Do not taste the powder or crystals ... they can be toxic!Keep dropping and stirring until alum falls to bottom of the jar.

Step two - Bend your pipe cleaner into whatever shape you like. Then twist the paper clip around it forming an "S" with the clip.

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Step three- Hook the other end of the pipe cleaner around the pencil. Lower the pipe cleaner into the jar, so it is in the solution. Rest the pencil on the top of the jar. The pipe cleaner must not touch the bottom or sides of the jar. Let it sit over night.

Step four - What do we see the next day? Alum crystals will have formed on the pipe cleaner. Take out the pipe cleaner and dry it.

Crystals in a JarLab 9

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Crystal Cave , Mexico

Science in NatureCrystal - Solids

Go to youtube to walk through cave.

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Grow a Stalactite ExperimentStalactites are long, thin columns of minerals hanging from the ceilings of caves. They form over many years as water drips and deposits minerals. But we can grow one in less than a week!

Materials Needed:· Yarn· Paper clips· Warm water· Dish· Spoon· Two Jars· Baking soda

Now let's discover how to create a stalactite!

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Stalactite Experiment

1. Fill both jars with warm water.2. Add baking soda and stir until no more dissolves.3. Attach paper clips to the ends of the yarn. 4. Place the ends in the jars.5. Place a plate between the jars to catch the drops.6. Watch and wait for several days.

The saline solution flows along the yarn.

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Science at Home

You can be a scientist at home, too.

Review the experiment on the next page with your teacher.

Then take home the activity sheet 13 and have your parents help you with the experiment.

Have fun!

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Science at HomeCrystal Pops Experiment

Simmer · 8 tablespoons of sugar· 4 oz. of water· One tablespoon of juice

You must have an adult help you with this experiment!Place sugar and juice in a small pot until sugar dissolves.Boil one minute.Pour into paper cups with one popsicle stick in each cup. Cover loosely with plastic wrap.Wait one day.

Question - What is left in the cup?

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25 What is not true about crystals?

A They are solids.

B They take years to grow.

C They are liquids.

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26 Where can we find crystals and stalactites?

A Caves B Ponds C Trees

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Great Job!You are great scientists.You have learned about matter.Share what you have learned with your family and friends.