kimberley marine biota. historical data: polychaetes...

Kimberley marine biota. Historical data:

polychaetes (Annelida)

Pat Hutchings1*, Chris Glasby2, Maria Capa1,4 and Alison Sampey3

1 Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney NSW 2010.

2 Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, GPO Box 4646, Darwin NT 0801

3 Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC WA 6986

4 Museum of Natural History and Archaeology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway

* Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT – We examined all the previously published records of polychaetes from the Kimberley Project Area as well as unpublished records from Australian museum records and updated any recent nomenclatural changes. Over 260 species from 43 families have been reported and we suggest that this number will increase considerably as more survey work is carried out in the area and additional habitats such as soft sediments are properly surveyed. At this stage many of these species appear to have wide distributions with few endemic species recorded, but we anticipate this will increase with taxonomic revisions incorporating both molecular and morphological techniques. We hope this paper will advertise the availability of this material to specialists for incorporation into their Australian revisions.

KEYWORDS: natural history collections, species inventory, Kimberley region, biodiversity, north west Australia, baseline

133–159 (2014) DOI: 10.18195/issn.0313-122x.84.2014.133-15984RECORDS OF THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM

SUPPLEMENT

INTRODUCTION

The importance of utilising natural history collection datasets to provide baseline biodiversity information for conservation and environmental management decisions is now recognised (Pyke and Ehrlich 2010). The Kimberley region of Australia is currently of great interest for its conservation value, with a number of proposed marine protected areas, and also for its oil and gas reserves, fi shing and aquaculture activities, nature based tourism, and proposed development (Department of Environment and Conservation 2009). Consequently, baseline data to characterise the values and assets in the region are needed (Wood and Mills 2008).

The Western Australian Museum (WAM) and other Australian natural history institutions have undertaken marine biodiversity surveys of the species present in the Kimberley, but many of these data and their interpretations are either unpublished or published in specialist taxonomic literature, so not readily accessible to researchers and managers. To address this, WAM instigated an extensive data compilation of major taxa known from the Kimberley region. Wilson (2014) has

reviewed the habitat and historical background of the Kimberley Project Area. Here, we document what is currently known about shallow water polychaete diversity within the Kimberley Project Area.

POLYCHAETES (ANNELIDA)

Polychaetes are a major component of the marine benthos in terms of number of both individuals and species. They range in length from less than 1 mm to over 1 m. Polychaetes are currently classifi ed into more than 80 families with over 15,000 species known worldwide and many remaining to be described. They vary considerably in morphology and life style, including many different types of feeding strategies (carnivores, deposit and fi lter feeders, herbivores, parasitic or commensal). They exhibit a considerable range of reproductive strategies including both sexual and asexual. Some species live only a few weeks, while others live for several years. They may breed almost continuously, or have a restricted breeding season. Some survive spawning and others do not. They live in a wide variety of marine habitats from the supra-littoral to the deep sea: some live in sediments, others bore

134 P. HUTCHINGS, C. GLASBY, M. CAPA AND A. SAMPEY

into hard substrates or are fi rmly attached to them,

while others move freely over the substrate, swim

in the water column or are commensal on a range

of animals. Some are tubiculous, living in muddy/

sandy or calcareous tubes. For all these reasons

polychaetes have been widely used as surrogates

for the entire benthic community. Because they

occupy all levels within the food chain a diverse

polychaete assemblage provides a good indication

of a healthy environment. In addition, some taxa

(e.g. some species of Capitellidae, such as Capitella spp.) are good indicators of polluted environments.

As well as marine species, others occur in estuarine

areas and freshwater habitats, and some terrestrial

species live in damp environments (Beesley et al.

2000; Rouse and Pleijel 2001).

HISTORY

Historical collections of polychaetes from the

Kimberley coast are scarce. In the late 1800s and

early 1900s two expeditions collected in Western

Australia: the German S.M.S. Gazelle between

1874 and 1876 and the south west Australian

Hamburg expedition led by Michaelsen and

Hartmeyer in 1905. The former did not extend

north of the Dampier Archipelago and the latter

only reached north to Shark Bay. Apparently,

the only European expedition that sampled the

Kimberley coast was the Swedish Mjöberg Scientifi c

Expedition (1910–1911), for which the polychaetes

were reported by Johansson (1918) and Augener

(1922). All the polychaetes described by Augener

came from a small area off Cape Jaubert in the

southern Kimberley. No further notable collecting

of polychaetes occurred until 1975 when Hartmann-

Schröder and Hartmann collected at several sites

around Broome and Derby as part of their Australia-

wide investigation of intertidal polychaetes and

ostracods. All the specimens studied by Augener

(1922) and Hartmann-Schröder (1979) – over 260

specimen lots – were deposited in the Zoologisches

Institut und Zoologisches Museum der Universität

Hamburg, Germany (HZM), except for some

paratypes, which are housed at WAM.

The fi rst extensive survey of polychaetes along

the Kimberley coast was made in 1988 (Hutchings

1989). Polychaetes were collected from 29 locations

with 121 species identifi ed (Table 1). Many of the

species collected during this survey were new

and have been described subsequently (Hutchings

and Glasby 1990; Hutchings and Reid 1990, 1991;

Pillai 2009; Murray et al. 2010). Polychaetes were

also collected during a 1991 survey of 21 locations

along the coast between Broome and Wyndham

(referred to as the KIRE 91), by WAM where 54 taxa

were identifi ed, to either species or family level by

Hanley (1992). Hanley recorded the greatest diversity

within the Polynoidae with 20 species identifi ed,

including three new species. Other common families

were the Nereididae and Terebellidae. Hanley was

particularly interested in polynoids commensal

with holothurians, crinoids, alcyonarians and

gorgonians and with one species commensal in

tubes of terebellids. In a second survey to the

southern Kimberley in 1994, polychaetes associated

with intertidal hard substrates and mangroves were

collected. Specimens from both surveys are lodged

at the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern

Territory (MAGNT). Hanley (1995) provides a list of

the polychaete families collected with the polynoids

and the eunicids identifi ed to species. Both of these

reports suggest a high diversity of polychaetes with

new species as well as widely distributed ones

commonly found in similar habitats throughout

northern Australia, although many of these widely

distributed species need to be carefully re-examined

to confi rm their identifi cations.

Additional surveys were carried out by MAGNT

and also by WAM in the 1980s and in 2008, but

polychaetes were not specifically targeted and

no species lists were compiled. These included

an initial 1984 survey of Ashmore, Cartier

and Hibernia Reefs by MAGNT (Russell 2005),

followed by those in 1987 and 1992, yielding many

polychaete specimens now housed at MAGNT.

Survey year No. locations No. species No. families Reference

1988 29 121 13 Hutchings 1989*

1991 21 54+ 21 Hanley 1992

1994 10 50+ 22 Hanley 1995

TABLE 1 Number of locations, species and families of the polychaetes sampled during main survey expeditions in the region and presented as reports. *Number of species not presented in the report so the number was extracted from the database.

KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: POLYCHAETES 135

All the records discussed above are incorporated

into the present study.

Previous research in the region on other

taxonomic groups such as fi shes (Hutchins 1999),

echinoderms (Marsh and Marshall 1983) and

corals (Veron and Marsh 1988) revealed some

general patterns of the fauna in the region. Firstly,

species richness and composition were different

inshore compared to offshore. Secondly, more

endemic species occur inshore compared to more

widespread species offshore: we have tested this

using data collected by Hanley for the distribution

of commensal species of polynoids.

AIMS

1. Collate records of shallow water (<30 m)

polychaete species in the Kimberley Project

Area that are verifi ed by specimens lodged in

Australian museum collections (1880s – 2009) to

provide a baseline diversity dataset;

2. identify collection and taxonomic bias and gaps;

3. test whether there are proportionally more wide

ranging species (e.g. Indo-West Pacifi c or Indo-

Pacifi c) occurring offshore compared to inshore

– i.e. species that inhabit clear oligotrophic

waters versus endemic or Indo-Australian

species that would have higher tolerances to the

silty turbid waters occurring along the coast;

and

4. explore cross shelf differences in species

richness and composition for commensal

Polynoid species.

METHODS

The Kimberley Project Area encompasses an area

west and north of the Kimberley coast (from south

of Broome northward and eastward to the Western

Australia–Northern Territory border) extending

beyond the 1000 m bathymetric contour, with the

coastline forming a natural inshore boundary, as

shown in Figure 1 (see Sampey et al. 2014, for a full

explanation of the study area).

For the purpose of this synthesis we are using

the classical concept and family membership of

the polychaetes (e.g. Fauchald 1977, Rouse and

Pleijel 2001). Largely based on molecular data, the

clitellates (leeches and oligochaetes), sipunculans,

and siboglinids have been moved recently into the

polychaetes, but these groups are even less well

known from the region. So, while clitellates and

sipunculans are widespread and probably diverse

in the Kimberley, they are poorly known and will

not be considered any further in this review.

The methodology follows that outlined by

Sampey et al. (2014). Briefl y, polychaete species

data were sourced from the collection databases of

WAM (July 2010), MAGNT (August 2009) and AM

(August 2009), as well as the species reported on

WAM survey expeditions of 1988, 1991 and 1994

along the Kimberley coast (Hutchings 1989; Hanley

1992, 1995).

Species names represent a hypothesis that

is subject to change as new informat ion

(morphology, genetic, behaviour, distribution

ranges) is discovered (Gaston and Mound 1993);

at this stage al l species l isted herein are

recognised only on the basis of morphological

characters (i.e. morphospecies). The species

names and taxonomic placement of the records

in the dataset were checked in an attempt to

present the currently accepted name and to

resolve synonymies and old combinations, but

the specimens were not re-examined for this

study (Sampey et al. 2014). Species names were

checked using online databases (Appeltans et

al. 2010; ABRS 2011) to identify the currently

accepted taxonomic name, and based either on

recently published data or research currently

being undertaken. However, this does mean that

the species names are more up-to-date for some

families, and this refl ects the current knowledge of

Australian polychaetes.

SPATIAL INFORMATION, COLLECTION DETAILS AND MAPPING

As described in Sampey et al. (2014), data from

all sources were collated into a single database.

Location and collecting details were checked and

verifi ed. The locations of the specimen records

were visualised using ARCGIS v9, ArcMap v9.3.

Maps of species richness and sampling effort

were generated for each main location. Since

species richness patterns are highly dependent

on sampling effort, we calculated the number

of collecting events at a location to provide an

indication of relative sampling effort. A collecting

event was defined by the season and year of

collecting, and the full list of locations, latitude

and longitude and other relevant collection

information is provided for all taxonomic groups

in Table 4 in Sampey et al. (2014).

Throughout this paper ‘inshore‘ refers to

locations along the coast, and the numerous

islands and reefs found shoreward of the 50 m

depth contour (Figure 1). ‘Offshore‘ refers to the

shelf edge atolls, which arise from deeper waters

(200–400 m) along the continental margin.


BIOGEOGRAPHIC AND HABITAT CODING

Species were coded for their known habitat and biogeographic range (Sampey et al. 2014). If a species did not conform to a single code then appropriate combinations were used.

The following biogeographic codes were used:

• Western Australian endemic (WA). Currently known only from Western Australian waters, often from the type locality only; may eventually prove to be a Northern Australian endemic with more collecting effort.

• Northern Australian endemic (NA). Found throughout tropical Australian waters.

• Southern Australian endemic (SA). Found throughout temperate Australian waters and its presence in the Kimberley is the northern extent of its known range; although this may represent a lack of data and should be treated with caution.

• Australian endemic (A). Found throughout tropical and temperate Australian waters.

• Indo-Australian (IA). Found throughout Australian and Indonesian waters, may extend to the Philippines.

• Indo-West Pacifi c (IWP). Found throughout the Red Sea, Indian and Western Pacifi c Oceans.

• Indo-Pacifi c (IP). Found throughout the Red Sea, Indian Ocean and throughout the Pacifi c Ocean.

• West Pacific (WP). Found throughout the Western Pacifi c, although presence in Kimberley indicates its occurrence in at least the eastern Indian Ocean.

• Central Pacific (CP)*. Found throughout the Central Pacifi c.

• Tropicopolitan (T)*. Found throughout all tropical oceans.

• Circumglobal (C)*. Found throughout all oceans in both tropical and temperate waters.

Codes indicated by an asterisk (*) are the most problematic and need to be treated with caution; this is especially true for families for which no recent Australian revision has been undertaken. Our knowledge of the distribution and habitat of the polychaete fauna of the Pacifi c, South East Asia and the Indian Ocean is poor and dominated by widespread species. However, we expect with additional studies, many of these species will be found to consist of several morphologically similar species each with discrete non-overlapping ranges.

Within its distribution range, a species may be restricted to certain habitat types. We provided an indication of the habitats sampled in the Kimberly

region to date by coding species for their preferred habitat, if known, as follows:

• Intertidal (i). Found in the intertidal zone, which is extremely large as a result of the large tidal range.

• Subtidal (s). Found in the subtidal or sublittoral zone.

• Hard substrate (H). Found associated with hard substrates (e.g. rock, coral, rubble).

• Soft substrate (S). Found associated with soft substrates (e.g. sand, mud).

• Estuarine (E). Found in estuarine or brackish waters.

• Epizoic (EZ). Always found in an external association with a particular species of animal.

• Unknown (U).

DATA ANALYSES

To explore composition differences across the shelf, the total number of commensal polynoid species was calculated for each location (reef, island, or atoll) and then visualised using non-metric multi dimensional scaling (nMDS) using the Bray-Curtis distance measure.

RESULTS

NUMBER OF SPECIMENS IN COLLECTIONS

A total of 1,046 registered specimen lots of polychaete species were included in this dataset (excluding lots in overseas museums) (Table 2a). A 'lot' represents between one and many individuals from the same site. The number of lots included was variable across families, ranging from one for 11 families, which usually coincided with that family not being identifi ed to species (e.g. Maldanidae species), to 210 for the Polynoidae, the most consistently collected and identifi ed family in the Project Area (Tables 2 and 3). The number of specimen lots housed in the various institutions was also variable (413 species, 40%, AM; 588 species, 56%, MAGNT; and 45 species, 4%, WAM; Table 2).

Many lots were excluded from the present dataset (814 species, 44%; Table 2b). This was primarily due to incomplete identification or where the records are not consistent with any recognisable nomenclature. This material needs to be re-examined. Three lots were collected in waters deeper than 30 m. A further 125 lots of polychaetes are available in WAM, but these were not included in the dataset due to late cataloguing of samples.

The oldest Kimberley polychaete record housed in


collections of Australian museums was Myzostoma stochoeides Atkins, 1927, taken off crinoids collected

by H.L. Clark at Cape Villaret in 1929 and housed in

the AM collections. A number of species, including

Perkinsyllis augeneri (Hartmann-Schröder, 1979)

collected by Hartmann-Schröder at Broome in

1975, are located in the collections of WAM. The

oldest MAGNT Kimberley specimen was Platynereis uniseris Hutchings and Reid, 1991 collected from

Ashmore Reef in 1983. This refl ects the dearth of

collecting in the Kimberley region from the early

1900s to the late 1970s.

Up to 2009, 30 new polychaete species have been

described from the Kimberley, belonging to eight

families (Capitellidae, Glyceridae, Nereididae,

Phyllodocidae, Pilargidae, Serpulidae, Syllidae, and

Terebellidae). In addition, several new species and

genera of Polynoidae in the MAGNT collection have

been fl agged as new by R. Hanley, but have yet to

be formerly described (Table 3). Work is underway

by M. Capa and C. Watson (MAGNT) describing

new species of Sabellidae and Chrysopetalidae,

respectively. It is anticipated that future collecting

events in the Project Area will yield many more new

species and records of polychaetes for the area.

SPECIES RICHNESS AND COLLECTING EFFORT

A total of 261 taxa belonging to 43 families of

polychaetes were recorded in our dataset (Table

3). Sixteen families have not yet been sorted to

morphospecies: Euphrosinidae, Lumbrineridae,

Nephtyidae, Sphaerodoridae, Maldanidae,

Opheliidae, Orbiniidae, Paraonidae, Questidae,

Scalibregmatidae, Chaetopteridae, Magelonidae,

Poecilochaetidae, Spionidae, Ampharetidae, and

Flabelligeridae (Table 3). In part this refl ects the lack

of expertise in these families worldwide, although

some are currently being investigated, and this

paper may help to alert the worldwide polychaete

community to the availability of this material for

study.

Polychaete data are available for 69 locations

in the Project Area (Table 4, Figures 1–3). Species

richness ranged from 80 (at Broome) to one (at 12

inshore and one offshore location; Table 4, Figure

2). Collecting effort was highly variable, with nine

collecting events occurring at Broome, but only one

at 48 other locations (Table 4, Figure 3). The number

of polychaete families collected at any one location

was also highly variable with 29 families collected

at Broome compared to only one family at 16 other

locations (Table 4). The presence or absence of

polychaete families reported at a location very much

depends on the habitats sampled and the collector.

More polychaete species have been reported from

inshore (232 species) than offshore (82 species;

Tables 3, 6 and 7). However, collecting effort is

substantially different for these areas of the shelf,

with more collecting inshore compared to offshore

or midshelf (25 versus 13 locations, respectively).

At the time of writing, no collecting had occurred

at Browse Island (midshelf) for polychaetes. The

eastern Kimberley has not been sampled for

polychaetes, nor have Seringapatam or Imperieuse

Reef (Rowley Shoals) (Figure 1). The Polynoidae

is likely to have had a more even collecting effort

than others (see Discussion) and of the 33 species

total, 27 are reported from inshore sites, 21 from

offshore sites and 15 occurred in both. There is a

weak inshore versus offshore difference in species

composition (MDS plot, Figure 4), which may be

explained partially because many species recorded

here are commensal on echinoderms, which show

a similar inshore versus offshore difference in both

richness and composition (Sampey and Marsh

2015).

BIOGEOGRAPHY AND HABITATS

The majority of polychaete species were

widespread (in all categories C, CP, IA, IP, IWP, T,

WP) both inshore (111 species, 49%) and offshore (45

species, 54%) (Table 5).

The proportion of endemics (those in categories

WA, A, NA and SA) inshore (87 species, 38%)

was more than twice the proportion of endemics

offshore (12 species, 14%) (Table 5). The proportion

of Indo-Australian species was also higher inshore

(20 species, 9%) versus offshore (5 species, 6%)

(Table 5). The dominance of widely distributed

species is also reflected in the Polynoidae. In

this family one, and possibly up to four, species

are narrow range endemics (Australaugeneria michaelseni Pettibone, 1969). Three new undescribed

taxa identifi ed by Hanley (Table 3, Figure 1, 2),

and another three polynoid species occur in the

Kimberley as well as in other parts of Australia.

Twenty five species of polynoids found in the

Kimberley also occur throughout the Indo-West

Pacifi c region.

A high proportion of the species were associated

with hard substrates: 70 species (31%) inshore versus

19 species (23%) offshore. However, some species

were associated with soft substrates (41 species, 18%

inshore versus 4 species, 5% offshore, Table 6). Three

species were estuarine (Table 6). Most species had

an unknown substrate preference (72 species, 34%

inshore versus 27 species, 32% offshore; Table 6).

However, it should be noted that many families not

represented are those that live exclusively buried in

soft sediments, which were not sampled.


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DERBYBROOME

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Species RichnessPolychaetes

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FIGURE 2 Species richness of polychaetes for each main location. Map projection: GDA94, Scale: 1:6, 250,000.

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!(

!(!( !(!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(!(

!(!(!( !(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!(

!(!(!(

!(

!(!(

50 m

100 m

100 m

100 m

1000

m50 m

30 m

30 m

Scott Reef

Clerke Reef

Ashmore Reef

Mermaid Reef

Browse Island

Hibernia Reef

Cartier Island

Imperieuse Reef

Seringapatam Reef

DERBYBROOME

WYNDHAM

128°0'E

128°0'E

125°0'E

125°0'E

122°0'E

122°0'E

119°0'E

119°0'E

12°0

'S

12°0

'S

15°0

'S

15°0

'S

18°0

'S

18°0

'S

±

KIMBERLEY

0 50 100 150 200

kilometres

Polychaetes

FIGURE 1 Location of records of polychaete species in the Kimberley Project Area of Western Australia. The Project Area boundary is marked in grey. Map projection: GDA94, Scale: 1:6, 250,000.


DISCUSSION

These results demonstrate that the polychaete fauna of the Project Area remains largely under sampled and undescribed. Collection gaps are methodological since the sampling effort has been concentrated mostly in shallow water hard substrates. Sampling across the shelf, including soft sediments between reefs, certainly would reveal a highly diverse polychaete assemblage. The data are also biased towards larger species, and fi ne sorting of soft sediments and washings from broken up hard substrates would yield additional species. Further, existing collections refl ect surveys that were inventory focussed and somewhat biased toward certain families, which were the interest of the particular workers undertaking the collecting (e.g. Polynoidae).

Identification efforts have been greatest on certain families (e.g. Nereididae, Terebellidae, Polynoidae), which have been the subject of recent taxonomic research. Within the WAM, AM and MAGNT collections there are unidentified polychaetes, some sorted to family and included in this study, others not. This highlights the lack

of funding for taxonomic research and the lack

of taxonomic expertise in particular polychaete

families. Nevertheless, some of this material (e.g.

Sabellidae, Sabellariidae, Oweniidae) is currently

being examined with new species to be described.

We also anticipate that some of these specimens

will be found to represent species endemic to the

areas.

It is premature to make any generalisations about

the polychaete fauna of the Project Area as so much

is still unknown. Our discussion focuses on what

is known from the limited families studied to date

and highlights some collection and taxonomic gaps,

which will provide a basis to focus future research.

SPECIES RICHNESS PATTERNS

The 261 taxa listed in our dataset represent a low

species richness estimate of polychaetes for the

Project Area if compared to other tropical areas

(Hutchings personal observation). Causes for

this low diversity are the limited collecting effort

mentioned above together with the superficial

identifi cation of specimens of particular families.

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(!(

!(!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

50 m

100 m

100 m

100 m

1000

m

50 m

30 m

30 m

DERBYBROOME

WYNDHAM

128°0'E

128°0'E

125°0'E

125°0'E

122°0'E

122°0'E

119°0'E

119°0'E

12°0

'S

12°0

'S

15°0

'S

15°0

'S

18°0

'S

18°0

'S

±

KIMBERLEY

0 50 100 150 200

kilometres

No. of Collecting Events

!( 1!( 2!( 3 - 5

!( 6 - 10!( 11 - 20!( 21+

Polychaetes

FIGURE 3 Number of collecting events for polychaetes at each main collecting location. This was based on a count of the season code and provides an indication of sampling effort. Map projection: GDA94, Scale: 1:6, 250,000.


Included families AM MAGNT WAM Total Excluded families AM MAGNT WAM Total

Acoetidae 2 2 Acoetidae 1 1

Ampharetidae 1 1 Amphinomidae 25 4 29

Amphinomidae 1 5 6 Aphroditidae 1 1 2

Aphroditidae 4 2 1 7 Arenicolidae 2 2

Capitellidae 1 1 Capitellidae 33 33

Chaetopteridae 19 19 Chrysopetalidae 3 53 56

Chrysopetalidae 29 5 34 Cirratulidae 27 27

Cirratulidae 1 1 Dorvilleidae 5 5

Dorvilleidae 1 1 Eunicidae 1 96 2 99

Eunicidae 2 28 30 Euphrosinidae 3 3

Euphrosinidae 1 1 Glyceridae 16 1 17

Flabelligeridae 5 5 Hesionidae 23 1 24

Glyceridae 11 1 12 Lumbrineridae 26 26

Goniadidae 4 1 5 Myzostomidae 1 1

Hesionidae 11 11 Nereididae 2 80 13 95

Lumbrineridae 2 2 Oenonidae 16 16

Magelonidae 1 1 Onuphidae 2 2 3 7

Maldanidae 9 9 Oweniidae 4 1 5

Myzostomidae 1 12 13 Pectinariidae 1 1

Nephtyidae 7 7 Phyllodocidae 26 26

Nereididae 70 54 16 140 Pilargidae 3 3

Oenonidae 1 1 Polynoidae 30 71 2 103

Onuphidae 3 4 7 Sabellariidae 4 1 5

Opheliidae 26 26 Sabellidae 6 32 1 39

Orbiniidae 14 14 Serpulidae 24 14 2 40

Oweniidae 9 9 Sigalionidae 7 7

Paraonidae 2 2 Syllidae 12 84 96

Pectinariidae 1 1 2 Terebellidae 1 45 46

Phyllodocidae 10 1 11 Total 82 697 35 814

Pilargiidae 1 1

Poecilochaetidae 2 2

Polynoidae 4 206 210

Questidae 1 1

Sabellariidae 1 1 2

Sabellidae 31 8 39

Scalibregmatidae 3 3

Serpulidae 96 45 1 142

Sigalionidae 1 2 3

Sphaerodoridae 1 1

Spionidae 14 14

Syllidae 75 11 6 92

Terebellidae 88 64 3 155

Trichobranchidae 1 1

Total 413 588 45 1046

TABLE 2 Number of registered specimen lots of Kimberley polychaetes housed in Australian natural history collections. Included are those lots identifi ed to species or able to be distinguished as a separate species. Excluded lots are those that were incompletely identifi ed or from deepwater (>30 m) locations.


Taxa

Biog

eogr

aphi

c co

deHa

bita

t co

deIn

shor

eOf

fsho

rePu

blic

atio

ns a

nd lo

catio

nF

am

ily

: A

mp

hin

om

idae

Chl

oeia

fl av

a (P

all

as,

1766)

IPU

s�

Eur

ytho

e co

mpl

anat

a (P

all

as,

1766)*

*T

Us

��

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Pse

udeu

ryth

oe o

culif

era

(Au

gen

er, 1913)*

Ish�

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Fam

ily

: D

orv

ille

idae

Dor

ville

a sp

. �

Fam

ily

: E

un

icid

ae

Eun

ice

afra

Pet

ers,

1854

IPU

is�

Eun

ice

afra

pun

ctat

a P

eter

s, 1

854*

TU

s�

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Eun

ice

ante

nnat

a S

av

ign

y i

n L

am

arc

k, 1818*

�A

ug

ener

(1922)

Eun

ice

aphr

odit

ois

(Pall

as,

1788)

Eun

ice

cf. j

ohns

oni H

art

man

, 1954

�E

unic

e lo

ngic

irri

s G

rub

e, 1

869*

IWP

Us

�A

ug

ener

(1922)

Eun

ice

paup

era

Gru

be,

1878

Eun

ice

sici

liens

is (

Gru

be,

1840)*

NA

Us

��

Au

gen

er (

1922)

Eun

ice

torr

esie

nsis

McI

nto

sh, 1885

Eun

ice

tubi

fex

Cro

ssla

nd

, 1904**

IWP

Uis

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e, A

ug

ener

(1922)

Lysi

dice

nin

etta

Au

do

uin

an

d M

iln

e E

dw

ard

s, 1

833**

CU

s�

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Lysi

dice

rob

usta

Sti

mp

son

, 1856*

IWP

Us

�A

ug

ener

(1922)

Mar

phys

a m

ossa

mbi

ca (

Pet

ers,

1854)

Nem

aton

erei

s sp

. no

v.

��

Nem

aton

erei

s un

icor

nis

(Gru

be,

1840)*

CU

is�

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Pal

ola

sici

liens

is (

Gru

be,

1840)

�

Fam

ily

: E

up

hro

sin

idae

Eup

hros

inid

ae s

p.

�

Fam

ily

: L

um

bri

neri

dae

Lum

brin

eris

sp

.*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Lum

brin

erid

ae s

pp

. �

Fam

ily

: O

en

on

idae

Ara

bella

iric

olor

(M

on

tag

u, 1804)*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Ara

bello

neri

s br

oom

ensi

s H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

TABL

E 3

Spe

cies

of

poly

chae

tes

reco

rded

fro

m t

he P

roje

ct A

rea.

Cod

es a

re d

efi n

ed in

Bio

geog

raph

ic a

nd H

abita

t C

odin

g, a

bove

. The

sup

ersc

ript

asso

ciat

ed w

ith t

he E

Z ha

bita

t co

de in

dica

tes

the

anim

al w

ith w

hich

the

pol

ycha

ete

spec

ies

is a

ssoc

iate

d; s

oft

cora

ls1 ,

crin

oids

2 , o

phiu

roid

s3 , h

olot

huria

n S

ticho

pus4 .


Taxa

Biog

eogr

aphi

c co

deHa

bita

t co

deIn

shor

eOf

fsho

rePu

blic

atio

ns a

nd lo

catio

nD

rilo

nere

is q

uadr

iocu

lata

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Oen

one

fulg

ida

Sav

ign

y i

n L

am

arc

k, 1818*

�A

ug

ener

(1922)

Oen

one

sp.

Fam

ily

: D

orv

ille

idae

Schi

stom

erin

gos

negl

ecta

(F

au

vel

, 1923)*

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Fam

ily

: O

nu

ph

idae

�D

iopa

tra

cupr

ea c

upre

a (B

osc

, 1802)*

WA

Us

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Dio

patr

a de

ntat

a K

inb

erg

, 1865*

�A

ug

ener

(1922)

Dio

patr

a lil

liput

iana

Pax

ton

, 1993

Dio

patr

a m

acul

ata

Pax

ton

, 1993

NA

Us

�

Fam

ily

: A

coe

tid

ae

Pol

yodo

ntes

atr

omar

gina

tus

Ho

rst,

1917

IAU

s�

Pol

yodo

ntes

sib

ogae

Ho

rst,

1917

IAU

s�

Fam

ily

: A

ph

rod

itid

ae

Aph

rodi

ta a

ustr

alis

Bair

d, 1865

IWP

Us

�A

phro

dita

kul

mar

is H

utc

hin

gs

an

d M

cRae,

1993

AU

s�

Laet

mon

ice

mol

ucca

na (

Ho

rst,

1916)

IAU

s�

Pal

myr

a au

rife

ra S

av

ign

y i

n L

am

arc

k, 1818

IPH

s�

Pon

toge

nia

areo

cera

s (H

asw

ell,

1883)

AH

s�

Fam

ily

: C

hry

sop

eta

lid

ae

Ari

chlid

on h

anne

lore

ae W

ats

on

Ru

ssel

l, 1

998

IPH

s�

Bha

wan

ia a

mbo

inen

sis

Ho

rst,

1917

IWP

His

�B

haw

ania

riv

eti (

Gra

vie

r, 1

908)

IPH

is�

Bha

wan

ia s

p. A

*IP

Hs

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Chr

ysop

etal

um r

eman

ei P

erk

ins,

1985

�C

hrys

opet

alum

sp

. 11 W

ats

on

, m

sIP

Hs

�C

hrys

opet

alum

sp

. 5 W

ats

on

, m

sIP

Hs

�C

hrys

opet

alum

sp

. 7 W

ats

on

, m

sIP

Hs

�P

alea

notu

s sp

. 8 W

ats

on

, m

sIP

Hs

�Tr

epto

pale

par

omol

os W

ats

on

, 2010

IPH

s�

�Tr

epto

pale

sp

. 3 W

ats

on

, m

sIP

Hs

�

Fam

ily

: G

lyce

rid

ae

Gly

cera

der

beye

nsis

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979*

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Der

by

Gly

cera

lanc

adiv

ae S

chm

ard

a, 1861*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Gly

cera

mac

into

shi G

rub

e, 1

877

IWP

Uis

�


Taxa

Biog

eogr

aphi

c co

deHa

bita

t co

deIn

shor

eOf

fsho

rePu

blic

atio

ns a

nd lo

catio

nG

lyce

ra tr

idac

tyla

Sch

mard

a, 1861

CU

is�

Hem

ipod

ia s

impl

ex (

Gru

be,

1857)

CU

is�

Fam

ily

: G

on

iad

idae

Gly

cind

e bo

nhou

rei G

rav

ier,

1904

IWP

Us

�G

lyci

nde

nipp

onic

a Im

aji

ma, 1967*

IWP

Us

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Gon

iada

em

erit

a A

ud

ou

in a

nd

Mil

ne

Ed

ward

s, 1

834*

�G

onia

da p

auci

dens

Gru

be,

1878

�

Fam

ily

: H

esi

on

idae

Hes

ione

spl

endi

da S

av

ign

y i

n L

am

arc

k, 1818**

IWP

Us

��

Au

gen

er (

1922)

Leoc

rate

s ch

inen

sis

Kin

ber

g, 1866**

IWP

Us

��

Au

gen

er (

1922)

Leoc

rati

des

sp.

�Si

gam

bra

pett

ibon

ea H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 197

9*

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Fam

ily

: M

yzo

sto

mid

ae

WA

�M

yzos

tom

a am

bigu

um v

on

Gra

ff, 1887

IWP

EZ

2�

Myz

osto

ma

cirr

icos

tatu

m J

äg

erst

en, 1937

IWP

EZ

2�

Myz

osto

ma

nans

eni v

on

Gra

ff, 1887

IWP

EZ

2�

�M

yzos

tom

a po

lycy

clus

Atk

ins,

1927

TE

Z2

��

Myz

osto

ma

stoc

hoei

des

Atk

ins,

1927

IWP

EZ

2�

Fam

ily

: N

ep

hty

idae

Nep

htyi

dae

sp.

�

Fam

ily

: N

ere

idid

ae

Cer

aton

erei

s au

stra

lis H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 19

85

AU

s�

�C

erat

oner

eis

mir

abili

s K

inb

erg

, 1866

CU

s�

�C

erat

oner

eis

perk

insi

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1985

AU

s�

�C

ompo

seti

a sp

. �

Leon

nate

s cr

init

us H

utc

hin

gs

an

d R

eid

, 1991

NA

Uis

�Le

onna

tes

indi

cus

Kin

ber

g, 1866

IWP

Hs

�M

icro

nere

is b

anse

i (H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979)

AU

s�

Nam

alyc

asti

s ab

ium

a (G

rub

e, 1

872)

TU

is�

Nea

nthe

s bo

ngco

i Pil

lai,

1965

IAU

s /E

�N

eant

hes

daw

ydov

i (F

au

vel

, 1937)

IAU

s�

Nea

nthe

s cf

. nan

haie

nsis

Wu

, S

un

an

d Y

an

g, 1

981

�N

eant

hes

pach

ycha

eta

(Fau

vel

, 1918)

IPH

s�

�N

eant

hes

unifa

scia

ta W

ille

y, 1

905

IWP

Hs

�N

erei

s co

ckbu

rnen

sis

Au

gen

er, 1913

SA

Hs

�


Taxa

Biog

eogr

aphi

c co

deHa

bita

t co

deIn

shor

eOf

fsho

rePu

blic

atio

ns a

nd lo

catio

nN

erei

s de

nham

ensi

s A

ug

ener

, 1913

IAH

s�

Ner

eis

jack

soni

Kin

ber

g, 1866*

�A

ug

ener

(1922)

Ner

eis

sem

peri

ana

(Gru

be,

1878)*

Au

gen

er (

1922)

Ner

eis

(Nea

nthe

s) s

p.*

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Nic

on s

p.

�P

aral

eonn

ates

bol

us (

Hu

tch

ing

s an

d R

eid

, 1991)

IAS

i�

Per

iner

eis

broo

men

sis

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979*

IAS

i�

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Per

iner

eis

aibu

hite

nsis

(G

rub

e, 1

878)

�P

erin

erei

s he

lleri

(G

rub

e, 1

878)*

*IW

PU

is�

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Per

iner

eis

nigr

opun

ctat

a (H

ors

t, 1

889)*

*IW

PU

is�

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Per

iner

eis

nunt

ia (

Sav

ign

y i

n L

am

arc

k, 1818)

IPS

i�

Per

iner

eis

obfu

scat

a (G

rub

e, 1

878)

IAH

/S

i�

Per

iner

eis

sing

apor

iens

is (

Gru

be,

1878)

IPU

is�

Per

iner

eis

sulu

ana

(Ho

rst,

1924)

IWP

Hs

�P

erin

erei

s va

ncau

rica

(E

hle

rs, 1868)*

*IW

PH

/S

i�

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Pla

tyne

reis

pol

ysca

lma

Ch

am

ber

lin

, 1919

IWP

Us

��

Pla

tyne

reis

uni

seri

s H

utc

hin

gs

an

d R

eid

, 1991

AU

is�

�P

seud

oner

eis

anom

ala

Gra

vie

r, 1

901

IWP

Hs

��

Pse

udon

erei

s ro

ttne

stia

na A

ug

ener

, 1913*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Pse

udon

erei

s sp

p.

�Q

uadr

icir

ra b

anse

i Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Rul

lieri

nere

is s

p.

�Si

mpl

iset

ia a

equi

seti

s (A

ug

ener

, 1913)

SA

E�

Sim

plis

etia

ery

thra

eens

is (

Fau

vel

, 1918)

IWP

Ss

�So

lom

onon

erei

s m

arau

ensi

s G

ibb

s, 1

971

WP

Si

�W

ebst

erin

erei

s sp

. �

Fam

ily

: P

hy

llo

do

cid

ae

Ana

itid

es m

adei

rens

is (

Lan

ger

han

s, 1

879)*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Ana

itid

es s

p.

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Ete

one

sp.

�E

ulal

ia m

icro

phyl

loid

es H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1

979

WA

UH

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Eum

ida

sp.

�G

enet

yllis

cas

tane

a M

ara

nzel

ler,

1879*

��

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Not

ophy

llum

spl

ende

ns (

Sch

mard

a, 1861)*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Not

ophy

llum

cf.

spl

ende

ns (S

chm

ard

a, 1861)

�P

hyllo

doce

(Ana

itid

es) d

uple

x M

cIn

tosh

, 1885*

IWP

Uis

�A

ug

ener

(1922)


Taxa

Biog

eogr

aphi

c co

deHa

bita

t co

deIn

shor

eOf

fsho

rePu

blic

atio

ns a

nd lo

catio

nP

hyllo

doce

mal

mgr

eni?

Gra

vie

r, 1

900

Pro

tom

ysit

ides

usc

hako

vi H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Pro

tom

ysti

des?

sp

. �

Fam

ily

: P

ilarg

idae

Siga

mbr

a pe

ttib

onea

e H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 19

79

NA

Uis

Fam

ily

: P

oly

no

idae

�A

ustr

alau

gene

ria

mic

hael

seni

Pet

tib

on

e, 1

969

WA

Us

�A

ustr

alau

gene

ria

pott

si P

etti

bo

ne,

1969

IWP

Us

��

Aus

tral

auge

neri

a ru

tila

ns (

Gru

be,

1878)

IAE

Z1

Gas

trol

epid

ia c

lavi

gera

Sch

mard

a, 1861

IWP

EZ

4�

�G

audi

chau

dius

cim

ex (

Qu

atr

efag

es, 1865)

IWP

Us

��

gen

. no

v. s

p. n

ov.

1 H

an

ley,

un

pu

bli

shed

gen

. no

v. s

p. n

ov.

2 H

an

ley,

un

pu

bli

shed

�g

en. n

ov.

sp

. no

v. 4

Han

ley,

un

pu

bli

shed

�H

alos

ydno

psis

pilo

sa (

Ho

rst,

1917)

IWP

Us

�H

arm

otho

e ch

arlo

ttae

Hu

tch

ing

s an

d M

urr

ay,

1984

SA

Ss

�H

arm

otho

e di

ctyo

phor

a (G

rub

e, 1

878)*

*IA

Hs

�A

ug

ener

(1922)

Har

mot

hoe

prae

clar

a (H

asw

ell,

1883)

SA

Ss

�H

arm

otho

e ve

sicu

dent

a H

an

ley

an

d B

urk

e, 1

991

WP

Us

��

Her

men

ia a

cant

hole

pis

(Gru

be,

1876)

IWP

Us

�H

olol

epid

ella

com

men

salis

Wil

ley,

1905*

IPE

Z3

�A

ug

ener

(1922)

Hol

olep

idel

la n

igro

punc

tata

(H

ors

t, 1

915)

Iphi

one

mur

icat

a (S

av

ign

y i

n L

am

arc

k, 1818)*

*IW

PH

s�

�A

ug

ener

(1922)

Iphi

one

ovat

a K

inb

erg

, 1856

WP

Us

��

Lagi

sca

hirs

uta

Ru

llie

r, 1

972

IPH

s�

�Le

pida

sthe

nia

spp

. �

�Le

pido

notu

s ad

sper

sus

(Gru

be,

1878)

IAU

s�

Lepi

dono

tus

cari

nula

tus

(Gru

be,

1870)

IWP

Us

��

Lepi

dono

tus

cris

tatu

s (G

rub

e, 1

875)

IWP

Us

��

Lepi

dono

tus

glau

cus

(Pet

ers,

1854)

IWP

Us

�Le

pido

notu

s (T

horm

ora)

juke

si B

air

d, 1865*

AS

is�

Au

gen

er (

1922)

Lepi

dono

tus

ocul

atus

Bair

d, 1865*

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Lepi

dono

tus

stel

latu

s B

air

d, 1865*

�A

ug

ener

(1922)

Lepi

dono

tus

york

ianu

s A

ug

ener

, 1922**

Par

adyt

e cr

inoi

dico

la (

Po

tts,

1910)

IPE

Z2

�


Taxa

Biog

eogr

aphi

c co

deHa

bita

t co

deIn

shor

eOf

fsho

rePu

blic

atio

ns a

nd lo

catio

nP

arad

yte

tent

acul

ata

(Ho

rst,

1915)

IAU

s�

�P

aral

epid

onot

us a

mpu

llife

rus

(Gru

be,

1878)

IPU

s�

�P

aral

epid

onot

us e

ryth

rom

aris

? H

an

ley,

1991

IWP

Us

��

Par

alep

idon

otus

indi

cus

(Kin

ber

g, 1856)

IPU

s�

Scal

iset

osus

mjo

berg

i Au

gen

er, 1922*

IAH

s�

Au

gen

er (

1922)

Suba

dyte

pap

illife

ra (

Ho

rst,

1915)

Tho

rmor

a ju

kesi

i Bair

d, 1865

IPU

is�

�V

erru

cape

lma

nigr

ican

s (H

ors

t, 1

915)

IWP

Us

��

Ver

ruca

pelm

a re

tusa

Han

ley

an

d B

urk

e, 1

991

WP

Us

��

Fam

ily

: S

igali

on

idae

�E

upho

loe

phili

ppen

sis

McI

nto

sh, 1885

IAU

s

Eut

hale

ness

a di

gita

ta (

McI

nto

sh, 1885)

IPH

is�

Fam

ily

: S

ph

aero

do

rid

ae

�Sp

haer

odor

idae

sp

.

Fam

ily

: S

yll

idae

�A

lcyo

nosy

llis

phili

Gla

sby

an

d W

ats

on

, 2001

IAE

Z1

�A

utol

ytus

sp

. A*

NA

Us

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Aut

olyt

us s

p. B

*�

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Der

by

Bra

nchi

osyl

lis b

arin

gabo

oree

n S

an

Mart

in e

t al.

, 2008

�B

ranc

hios

yllis

exi

lis (

Gra

vie

r, 1

900)

IPU

s�

Bra

nchi

osyl

lis o

cula

ta E

hle

rs, 1887

TU

s�

Bra

nchi

osyl

lis o

rbin

iifor

mis

San

Mart

in e

t al.

, 2008

NA

Us

�B

rani

a ar

ticu

lata

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1982

SA

Uis

�B

rani

a cl

avat

a (C

lap

arè

de,

1863)*

AH

s�

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Bre

vici

rros

yllis

anc

ori (

San

Mart

in a

nd

Hu

tch

ing

s, 2

006)

�E

hler

sia

sp.

��

Eur

ysyl

lis tu

berc

ulat

a E

hle

rs, 1864

CU

s

Exo

gone

afr

ican

a H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1974

IPH

is�

Exo

gone

bre

vian

tenn

ata

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1959

CU

s�

Exo

gone

dis

par

(Web

ster

, 1879)

CU

s�

Exo

gone

exm

outh

ensi

s H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1

980

CU

is�

Exo

gone

gam

biae

Lan

era e

t al.

, 1994

CU

�E

xogo

ne n

aidi

na O

erst

ed, 1845*

AS

is�

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Exo

gone

het

eros

etoi

des

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1

979**

�E

xogo

ne lo

urei

Ber

kel

ey a

nd

Ber

kel

ey, 1938

IPU

�


Taxa

Biog

eogr

aphi

c co

deHa

bita

t co

deIn

shor

eOf

fsho

rePu

blic

atio

ns a

nd lo

catio

nE

xogo

na s

impl

ex H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1960*

NA

His

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Exo

gona

ver

uger

a af

rica

na H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1976*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Hap

losy

llis

spon

gico

la (

Gru

be,

1855)*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Lang

erha

nsia

bro

omen

sis

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979

Odo

ntos

yllis

aus

tral

iens

is H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979**

AU

s�

Odo

ntos

yllis

lang

erha

nsia

eset

osa

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979**

AS

i�

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Opi

stho

dont

a m

oren

a L

an

ger

han

s, 1

879

CU

�O

pist

hosy

llis

brun

nea

Lan

ger

han

s, 1

879**

CU

s�

Opi

stho

sylli

s ja

poni

ca Im

aji

ma, 1966

IWP

Us

�O

pist

hosy

llis

long

icir

rata

Mo

nro

, 1939

IPU

s�

Opi

stho

sylli

s vi

ridi

s L

an

ger

han

s, 1

879

CU

s�

Par

aehl

ersi

a eh

lers

iaef

orm

is (A

ug

ener

, 1913)

AU

s�

Par

asph

aero

sylli

s in

dica

Mo

nro

, 1937

IWP

Us

�P

erki

nsyl

lis a

ugen

eri (

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979)

AS

is�

Perk

insy

llis

hart

man

nsch

roed

erae

(San

Mar

tin

an

d H

utc

hin

gs,

200

6)A

Uis

�P

iono

sylli

s au

gene

ri H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979*

��

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Pla

kosy

llis

sp.

WA

�P

rosp

haer

osyl

lis n

atha

ni S

an

Mart

in a

nd

Lo

pez

, 1998

WP

U

Pro

spha

eros

yllis

pap

illos

issi

ma

(Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979)

AS

i�

Pro

spha

eros

yllis

sex

papi

llata

(Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979)

AS

i�

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Pse

udoe

xogo

ne?

sp.

��

Rho

palo

sylli

s ha

mul

ifera

Au

gen

er, 1913

AU

s

Salv

ator

ia k

oori

necl

avat

a S

an

Mart

in, 2005

AU

�Sp

haer

osyl

lis c

apen

sis

dens

opap

illat

a H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979*

AS

i�

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Spha

eros

yllis

cen

troa

mer

ican

a H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1959*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Spha

eros

yllis

den

sopa

pilla

ta H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979

�Sp

haer

osyl

lis e

rina

ceus

Cla

parè

de,

1863*

IPU

is�

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Spha

eros

yllis

hir

suta

Eh

lers

, 1897

�Sp

haer

osyl

lis h

ystr

ix C

lap

arè

de,

1864*

SA

H/

Si

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Spha

eros

yllis

late

ropa

pilla

ta H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1986

�Sp

haer

osyl

lis lo

ngip

apill

ata

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979*

��

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Der

by

Spha

eros

yllis

mul

tipa

pilla

ta H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Spha

eros

yllis

opi

stho

cula

ta H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Spha

eros

yllis

pap

illos

issi

ma

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Spha

eros

yllis

sex

papi

llata

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Sylli

s gr

acili

s au

stra

liens

is H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e


Taxa

Biog

eogr

aphi

c co

deHa

bita

t co

deIn

shor

eOf

fsho

rePu

blic

atio

ns a

nd lo

catio

nSy

llis

(Typ

osyl

lis) v

arie

gata

Gru

be,

1860*

�A

ug

ener

(1922)

Sylli

s sp

.

Typo

sylli

s (L

ange

rhan

sia)

bro

omen

sis

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979*

CU

s�

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Typo

sylli

s (L

ange

rhan

sia)

cor

nuta

(Rath

ke,

1843)*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Tryp

anos

yllis

zeb

ra (G

rub

e, 1

860)

�Ty

posy

llis

(Lan

gerh

ansi

a) s

p.*

AH

s�

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Typo

sylli

s (T

ypos

yllis

) hya

lina

(Gru

be,

1863)*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Typo

sylli

s (T

ypos

yllis

) lut

ea H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1960*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Typo

sylli

s (T

ypos

yllis

) cra

ssic

irra

ta T

read

wel

l, 1

925*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Typo

sylli

s (T

ypos

yllis

) ray

geor

gei H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Typo

sylli

s (Ty

posy

llis)

fi lid

enta

ta g

anth

eaum

ensi

s Har

tman

n-S

chrö

der

, 197

9*W

A�

Typo

sylli

s (T

ypos

yllis

) pha

robr

oom

ensi

s H

artm

ann

-Sch

röd

er, 1

979*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Typo

sylli

s (T

ypos

yllis

) gla

ndul

osa

(Au

gen

er, 1

913)

*W

A�

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Typo

sylli

s (T

ypos

yllis

) pha

rynx

circ

umfu

sata

Har

tman

n-S

chrö

der

, 197

9*�

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Xen

osyl

lis s

cabr

oide

s S

an

Mart

in e

t al.

, 2008

WA

�

Fam

ily

: O

we

nii

dae

�O

wen

ia fu

sifo

rmis

Del

le C

hia

je, 1844*

NA

Ss

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e, A

ug

ener

(1922)

Ow

enia

mir

raw

a F

ord

an

d H

utc

hin

gs,

2005

�

Fam

ily

: S

ab

ell

ari

idae

�Id

anth

yrsu

s au

stra

liens

is (H

asw

ell,

1883)

AH

is

Idan

thyr

sus

arm

atus

Kin

ber

g, 1867*

AH

s�

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Lygd

amis

sp

. �

Fam

ily

: S

ab

ell

idae

�A

mph

igle

na le

nae

Cap

a a

nd

Ro

use

, 2007

WA

Hi

Bis

pira

man

icat

a (G

rub

e, 1

878)

WP

H/

Ss

��

Bis

pira

por

ifera

(Gru

be,

1878)

WP

H/

Ss

�B

ispi

ra s

erra

ta C

ap

a, 2008

NA

Si

�B

ranc

hiom

ma

nigr

omac

ulat

a (B

air

d, 1865)*

AH

is�

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Bra

nchi

omm

a sp

p.

�C

hone

aus

tral

iens

is H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979**

WA

Ss

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Meg

alom

ma

inte

rrup

ta C

ap

a a

nd

Mu

rray,

2009

NA

Hs

�N

otau

lax

spp

. A

Hi

��

Per

kins

iana

ano

dina

Cap

a, 2007

WA

Hs

Pot

amill

a ne

glec

ta (

Sars

, 1851)*

NA

Hs

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Pse

udop

otam

illa

sp. 2

(sen

su C

ap

a, 2007)

�


Taxa

Biog

eogr

aphi

c co

deHa

bita

t co

deIn

shor

eOf

fsho

rePu

blic

atio

ns a

nd lo

catio

nSa

bella

star

te in

dica

(S

av

ign

y, 1

820)*

NA

Hs

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Sabe

llast

arte

sp

. n

ov.

2 (s

ensu

Cap

a e

t. a

l. 2

010)

�St

ylom

ma

juan

i Cap

a, 2008

WA

U�

Styl

omm

a pa

lmat

um (Q

uatr

efag

es, 1866)

CP

Hs

�

Fam

ily

: S

erp

uli

dae

�?S

erpu

la s

p.

Pil

lai,

2009

Hyd

roid

es a

dam

afor

mis

Pil

lai,

2009

WA

Hs

�H

ydro

ides

alb

icep

s (E

hre

nb

erg

an

d G

rub

e, 1

869)

IWP

His

�H

ydro

ides

exa

ltat

us (M

are

nzel

ler,

1884)*

*IW

PH

is�

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Hyd

roid

es e

xter

nisp

ina

Str

au

gh

an

, 1967

NA

His

��

Hyd

roid

es k

imbe

rley

ensi

s P

illa

i, 2

009

WA

Hs

Hyd

roid

es m

alle

olas

pina

Str

au

gh

an

, 1967

NA

His

�H

ydro

ides

min

ax (G

rub

e, 1

878)

IWP

His

�H

ydro

ides

pse

udex

alta

tus

Pil

lai,

2009

WA

Hi

�H

ydro

ides

rec

ta S

trau

gh

an

, 1967

NA

Hi

�H

ydro

ides

sim

plid

enta

tus

Pil

lai,

2009

WA

Hs

�H

ydro

ides

spi

culit

ubus

Pil

lai,

2009

WA

Hs

�H

ydro

ides

spi

ratu

bus

Pil

lai,

2009

WA

Hi

�H

ydro

ides

tube

rcul

atus

Imaji

ma, 1976

WA

Hs

�K

imbe

rley

a hu

tchi

ngsa

e P

illa

i, 2

009

WA

Hs

�P

omat

olei

os k

raus

sii (

Bair

d, 1865)*

*IP

His/

E�

Pom

atos

tegu

s ac

tino

cero

s (M

örc

h, 1863)

TH

is�

�P

rotu

la b

ispi

ralis

(Sav

ign

y, 1

820)

IWP

Hs

�P

rotu

la p

allia

ta (W

ille

y, 1

905)

IWP

Hs

�?P

rotu

la p

allia

ta (

Wil

ley,

1905)*

WA

Hs

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Pse

udop

rotu

la k

imbe

rley

ensi

s P

illa

i, 2

009

�Sa

lmac

ina

sp.

��

Serp

ula

ampl

iloba

ta P

illa

i, 2

009

WA

Hs

�Se

rpul

a ha

rtm

anae

Rei

sh, 1968

IWP

His

��

Serp

ula

juke

sii B

air

d, 1865

IAH

is

Serp

ula

nudi

radi

ata

Pil

lai,

2009

WA

His

��

Serp

ula

vasi

fera

Hasw

ell,

1884

AH

is�

Serp

ula

verm

icul

aris

Lin

ne,

1767*

IWP

His

��

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Serp

ula

wat

soni

Wil

ley,

1905

�Sp

iras

erpu

la s

nelli

i Pil

lai

an

d t

en H

ov

e, 1

994

IAH

is�

Spir

obra

nchu

s ba

ileyb

rock

ae P

illa

i, 2

009

WA

Hi

�


Taxa

Biog

eogr

aphi

c co

deHa

bita

t co

deIn

shor

eOf

fsho

rePu

blic

atio

ns a

nd lo

catio

nSp

irob

ranc

hus

corn

icul

atus

(Gru

be,

1862)

IWP

His

��

Spir

obra

nchu

s po

lytr

ema

(Ph

ilip

pi,

1844)

CH

is�

Spir

obra

nchu

s ri

char

dsm

ithi

Pil

lai,

2009

IAH

s�

Spir

obra

nchu

s te

trac

eros

(Sch

mard

a, 1861)

TH

s�

Ver

mili

opsi

s cy

lindr

ica

Pil

lai,

2009

WA

His

�V

erm

iliop

sis

glan

dige

ra G

rav

ier,

1908

IPH

s�

Fam

ily

: C

ap

itell

idae

�D

asyb

ranc

hus

cadu

cus

(Gru

be,

1846)*

WA

Si

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Het

erom

astu

s cf

. fi li

form

is C

lap

arè

de,

1864*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Not

omas

tus

(Clis

tom

astu

s) b

room

ensi

s H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Not

omas

tus

broo

men

sis

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979

�Sc

ypho

proc

tus

orna

tus

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Fam

ily

: M

ald

an

idae

�M

ald

an

idae

spp

. �

Fam

ily

: O

ph

eli

idae

�A

rman

dia

inte

rmed

ia F

au

vel

, 1901*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Arm

andi

a la

nceo

lata

Wil

ley,

1905*

�A

ug

ener

(1922)

Arm

andi

a br

oom

ensi

s H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 19

79*

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Oph

elin

a ac

umin

ata

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 197

9�

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Pol

yoph

thal

mus

pic

tus

(Du

jard

in, 1839)*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Op

hel

iid

ae

spp

. �

Fam

ily

: O

rbin

iid

ae

�N

aine

ris

laev

igat

a (G

rub

e, 1

840)*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Scol

oplo

s (S

colo

plos

) diffi

cili

s D

ay,

1977*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Orb

inii

dae

spp

. �

Fam

ily

: P

ara

on

idae

�P

ara

on

idae

sp.

Fam

ily

: Q

uest

idae

�Q

ues

tid

ae

sp.

�

Fam

ily

: S

cali

bre

gm

ati

dae

Hyb

osco

lex

verr

ucos

a H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979*

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Sca

lib

reg

ma

tid

ae

sp.

�

Fam

ily

: C

haeto

pte

rid

ae

�C

haet

op

teri

dae

spp

. �


Taxa

Biog

eogr

aphi

c co

deHa

bita

t co

deIn

shor

eOf

fsho

rePu

blic

atio

ns a

nd lo

catio

nP

hylo

chae

topt

erus

cf.

vit

rari

us (

Eh

lers

, 1908)*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Phy

loch

aeto

pter

us s

p.*

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Fam

ily

: M

ag

elo

nid

ae

Mag

elo

nid

ae

sp.

Fam

ily

: P

oeci

loch

aeti

dae

�P

oec

ilo

chaet

idae

sp.

�

Fam

ily

: S

pio

nid

ae

Dis

pio

unci

nata

Hart

man

, 1951*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Pol

ydor

a (P

olyd

ora)

arm

ata

Lan

ger

han

s, 1

881*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Pol

ydor

a (P

olyd

ora)

cili

ata

(Jo

hn

sto

n, 1838)*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Pri

onos

pio

(Pri

onos

pio)

falla

x S

öd

erst

röm

, 1920*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Pri

onos

pio

(Pri

onos

pio)

lanc

eola

ta H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Scol

elep

is (S

cole

lepi

s) b

alih

aien

sis

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Sp

ion

idae

spp

. �

Fam

ily

: A

mp

hare

tid

ae

�A

mp

hare

tid

ae

sp.

Am

phic

teis

phi

lippi

naru

m G

rub

e, 1

878*

�A

ug

ener

(1922)

Isol

da c

f. p

ulch

ella

Mü

ller

, 1858*

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Fam

ily

: C

irra

tuli

dae

�?C

irri

form

ia s

p.*

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Dod

ecac

eria

sp

. �

Fam

ily

: F

lab

ell

igeri

dae

�F

lab

elli

ger

idae

spp

. �

Fam

ily

: P

ect

inari

idae

�A

mph

icte

ne fa

vona

Hu

tch

ing

s an

d P

eart

, 2002

AS

i /H

s�

Pec

tina

ria

(Pec

tina

ria)

cf.

ant

ipod

a S

chm

ard

a,

1861*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Fam

ily

: T

ere

bell

idae

�A

mph

itri

tide

s it

hya

Hu

tch

ing

s an

d G

lasb

y, 1

988

AS

s

Eup

olym

nia

koor

angi

a H

utc

hin

gs

an

d G

lasb

y, 1

988

AS

s�

�E

upol

ymni

a cf

. neb

ulos

a (M

on

tag

u, 1818)*

NA

Ss

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Eut

hele

pus

mar

chin

bar

Hu

tch

ing

s, 1

997

�E

uthe

lepu

s se

rrat

us H

utc

hin

gs

an

d G

lasb

y, 1

986

AS

s�

Hau

chie

lla s

p.

�La

nass

a sp

. �


Taxa

Biog

eogr

aphi

c co

deHa

bita

t co

deIn

shor

eOf

fsho

rePu

blic

atio

ns a

nd lo

catio

nLa

nice

bid

ewa

Hu

tch

ing

s an

d G

lasb

y, 1

988

AS

s�

Lani

ce c

onch

ilega

(P

all

as,

1766)*

NA

Ss

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Lani

ce s

inat

a H

utc

hin

gs

an

d G

lasb

y, 1

990

�La

nico

la lo

bata

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1986

AS

is�

Loim

ia in

gens

(Gru

be,

1878)

IAS

s�

�Lo

imia

med

usa

(Sav

ign

y, 1

817)*

NA

Ss

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e, A

ug

ener

(1922)

Loim

ia o

chra

cea

(Gru

be,

1878)

�Ly

silla

sp

. �

Nic

olea

am

nis

Hu

tch

ing

s an

d M

urr

ay,

1984

AS

s�

Nic

olea

ven

ustu

la (

Mo

nta

gu

, 1818)*

AS

s�

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Phi

sidi

a ec

huca

Hu

tch

ing

s an

d G

lasb

y, 1

988

�P

ista

ant

hela

Hu

tch

ing

s an

d G

lasb

y, 1

990

NA

Ss

Pis

ta a

ustr

alis

Hu

tch

ing

s an

d G

lasb

y, 1

988

AS

s�

Pis

ta c

urti

unca

ta H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1981

AS

s�

Pis

ta k

imbe

rlie

nsis

Hu

tch

ing

s an

d G

lasb

y, 1

990

NA

Ss

��

Pis

ta v

iola

cea

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1984

AS

s�

Pol

ycir

rus

broo

men

sis

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1979*

��

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Pol

ycir

rus

sp.

�P

seud

opro

clea

aus

tral

is H

utc

hin

gs

an

d G

lasb

y, 1

990

AS

s�

Stre

blos

oma

acym

atum

Hu

tch

ing

s an

d R

ain

er, 1979

AS

s�

Stre

blos

oma

dyti

kos

Hu

tch

ing

s an

d G

lasb

y, 1

990

NA

Ss

�Te

rebe

lla m

acul

ata

Hu

tch

ing

s an

d G

lasb

y, 1

988

NA

Ss

�Te

rebe

lla p

appu

s H

utc

hin

gs

an

d M

urr

ay,

1984

AS

s�

Tere

bella

pte

roch

aeta

Sch

mard

a, 1861*

AS

is�

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Tere

bella

tant

abid

dycr

eeke

nsis

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

, 1980

�T

hele

pus

exte

nsus

Hu

tch

ing

s an

d G

lasb

y, 1

987

AS

s�

The

lepu

s pl

agio

stom

a (S

chm

ard

a, 1861)*

IAS

s�

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e, A

ug

ener

(1922)

The

lepu

s ro

bust

us (G

rub

e, 1

878)

�T

hele

pus

thor

acic

us (

Gru

be,

1870)*

�A

ug

ener

(1922)

Fam

ily

: T

rich

ob

ran

chid

ae

Tere

belli

des

woo

law

a H

utc

hin

gs

an

d P

eart

, 2000

AS

s�

Fam

ily

: S

tern

asp

idae

Ster

nasp

is s

cuat

a (R

an

zan

i, 1

817)*

�H

art

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

Fam

ily

: S

acc

oci

rrid

ae

Sacc

ocir

rus

sp.*

�

Hart

man

n-S

chrö

der

(1979)

Bro

om

e

*

His

toric

al r

ecor

ds n

ot d

epos

ited

in A

ustr

alia

n m

useu

m c

olle

ctio

ns.

**

His

toric

al r

ecor

ds b

ut a

lso

pres

ent

in A

ustr

alia

n m

useu

m c

olle

ctio

ns.


TABL

E 4

Spe

cies

ric

hnes

s an

d nu

mbe

r of

col

lect

ing

even

ts a

t ea

ch lo

catio

n.

Loca

tion

Colle

ctin

g ye

ar ra

nge

Species richness

No. coll. events

No. familiesAcoetidaeAmpharetidaeAmphinomidaeAphroditidaeCapitellidaeChaetopteridaeChrysopetalidaeCirratulidaeDorvilleidaeEunicidaeEuphrosinidaeFlabelligeridaeGlyceridaeGoniadidaeHesionidaeLumbrineridaeMagelonidaeMaldanidaeMyzostomidaeNephtyidaeNereididaeOenonidaeOnuphidaeOpheliidaeOrbiniidaeOweniidaeParaonidaePectinariidaePhyllodocidaePilargidaePoecilochaetidaePolynoidaeQuestidaeSabellariidaeSabellidaeScalibregmatidaeSerpulidaeSigalionidaeSphaerodoridaeSpionidaeSyllidaeTerebellidaeTrichobranchidae

Ad

mir

al

Isla

nd

1994

11

1�

Ad

mir

alt

y G

ulf

1978

21

2�

�

Alb

ert

Isla

nd

s1988

10

14

��

��

Ash

mo

re R

eefO

A1983–2002

47

817

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

Bea

gle

Ree

f1991

91

5�

��

��

Bed

ford

Isl

an

d1994

11

1�

Ber

no

uil

li I

slan

d1988

20

15

��

��

Bro

om

e1932–1987

80

929

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

Bu

ffo

n I

slan

d1988

19

15

��

��

�

Caff

are

lli

Isla

nd

1994

21

1�

Cap

e L

eveq

ue

1972–1987

10

37

��

��

��

�

Cap

e V

illa

ret

1929

11

1�

Care

enin

g B

ay

1988

10

15

��

��

�

Cart

ier

Isla

nd

OA

1992

34

112

��

��

��

��

��

�

Cass

ini

Isla

nd

1988–1991

22

38

��

��

��

��

Ch

urc

hil

l R

eef

1991

31

2�

�

Cle

rke

Ree

fOA

1982–1983

42

3�

��

Co

ckato

o I

slan

d1991

71

5�

��

��

Co

nd

illa

c Is

lan

d1988–1991

16

25

��

��

�

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TABLE 5 Species richness and number of collecting events at each location.

Biogeographic Code Inshore Offshore- 30 27

A 40 7

WA 20 2

NA 21 3

SA 6

C 15 3

CP 1

IA 20 5

IP 25 10

IWP 37 20

T 7 3

WP 6 4

Total 228 84

TABLE 6 Number of species with each habitat code.

Habitat Code Inshore Offshore- 30 27

E 1

EZ 8 7

Hi 5 1

Hi/Si 3

His 20 6

His/E 1

Hs 38 10

Hs/Si 1 1

Hs/Ss 2 1

Si 10

Sis 5

Ss 26 4

U 6

Uis 18 4

Us 53 23

Us/E 1

Total 228 84

Inshore sites (intertidal and shallow subtidal and hard substrate habitats) typically have between 1 and 20 species present, with a few sites having much higher numbers. The offshore sites appear to have higher numbers, but we stress that only three offshore sites have been sampled for polychaetes. At all sites only limited collecting of particular habitats was undertaken and it is premature to discuss patterns of species richness within all the polychaetes. Only ten of the sampled sites have more than 20 species recorded, which is undoubtedly a gross underestimate of the diversity of polychaetes.

For a description of richness and distribution patterns, we suggest it is more informative to look at individual polychaete families, for example the terebellids, but again sampling was limited to the inshore regions (Hutchings and Glasby 1990). Of all the polychaete families for which we have morphospecies data, the Polynoidae currently yield the most reliable information on species richness and distribution patterns. This is because the collecting effort for this family has been greater with more sites sampled than for any other family, as Hanley collected at both inshore (1991, 1994) and offshore (1987, 1992) sites, concentrating almost exclusively on polynoids, and all material was identified. The limited conclusions, which that can be drawn from the data highlight the need for additional sampling, increasing the number of locations and habitats as individual polychaete families or species tend to have specifi c habitat requirements.

Species richness patterns across locations for the most part refl ect the variable collection effort and cannot be interpreted as an accurate measure of species richness at any one location, especially when it is the result of a single collecting event. However, the presentation of the data in this way allows an assessment of which locations in the Kimberley have been surveyed for polychaetes, and provide an indication of the available data. Current integrative studies, incorporating genetic data with the morphological information, are demonstrating that some of the species previously considered widespread are in fact a complex of sibling species, increasing the diversity of known polychaete fauna in Australia and the Kimberley (see for example Capa et al. 2010).

The dominance of widespread species and conversely the lack of narrow range endemics in the Kimberley region reflects, in part, the collection and identifi cation biases discussed above. Additional sampl ing will be required to confi rm whether taxa recorded from regions contiguous with the Kimberley (i.e. southern Western Australia and Northern Territory) are also present in the Kimberley. Examples to date include the sabellariid


FIGURE 4 A MDS plot of the distribution of polynoids within the region.

Idanthyrsus willora (Hutchings et al. 2012), and sabellids belonging to the genera Amphicorina, Euchone and Pseudobranchiomma amongst others (Capa personal observation). Considering just the 24 terebellids identifi ed to species, 15 are widespread Australian species, seven are restricted to Northern Australia and two are Indo-Australian. Of the 26 Nereididae species with distributional data, fi ve are widespread Australian species, none appear to be restricted to northern Australia and 21 are widespread in the Indo-Pacifi c. A few nereidid species, Neanthes pachychaeta (Fauvel), Perinereis suluana (Horst) and Perinereis nuntia Savigny in Lamarck, appear to be common in the Kimberley and Indo-Australian region, but are rarely, if ever, encountered in northern Australia (Glasby personal observation).

The discussion above partly ref lects the specialist interests of Russell Hanley, former curator of polychaetes at MAGNT who was particularly interested in commensal species, rather than the abundance of this family across the Kimberley region [in coral reef areas polynoids are infrequently collected (Hutchings personal observation)]. In contrast, Hutchings (1989) made extensive collections of all polychaetes, especially those associated with dead coral substrates, and targeted intertidal collecting was also done when feasible given tidal and safety issues, and subtidal soft sediments were not collected. Also, facilities

for sorting in the fi eld meant that small individuals were often overlooked. However, it should be noted that no comprehensive sampling of all habitats present in the Project Area has been undertaken to date, and this attempt to synthesise the existing data is to facilitate more comprehensive surveys of the area, which are expected, given the recognised limitations in previous sampling, to reveal a very diverse and abundant polychaete fauna.

REGIONAL BIOGEOGRAPHIC COMPARISON

At this stage it is premature to discuss the regional biogeography for the polychaetes as sampling across locations has been too variable.

Some widespread polychaetes are being shown to represent suites of cryptic species (Carlton 2009; Capa et al. 2013). For example, some current work on nereidids has shown that using both morphological and molecular data to redefine species boundaries considerably reduces the distributional ranges (Glasby et al. 2013). We suspect many of the species listed in Table 3 will be found to represent suites of species, in which case diversity estimates for the region will increase. In addition, some of the names of so-called widespread species in Table 3 will almost certainly change as revisions of these species occurs and it is likely some will be found to represent undescribed species.


FUTURE DIRECTIONS

As revisions of individual famil ies are undertaken the specimens in historical collections need to be re-examined and their identifi cations confi rmed. Additional habitats need to be sampled, especially soft sediments and those from deeper water, together with environmental information such as sediment characteristics.

While polychaete collections were historically preserved in formalin, contemporary collection practice now routinely preserves material in ethanol to enable subsequent genetic studies, which are changing our taxonomic concepts – see for example Capa et al. (2010, 2013) and Wei et al. (2013). Such studies are expected to continue and the contemporary surveys underway (2009–2014) in the Project Area are undertaking such practices.

A current focus of some conservation research has been utilisation of museum data in large scale biogeographic analyses. To date the Kimberley species data have been available for use in only a very general manner, with most information on assemblages in different areas, or bioregional comparisons being derived from some well known taxa such as fi shes. Polychaetes could be a useful taxon to include, but as already identifi ed from our data, the sampling and taxonomic biases limit their value. However, it would be possible to focus on certain families, which have been both elucidated and are also well surveyed in other areas such as terebellids and nereidids. Currently C. Glasby and P. Hutchings are collaborating on such a project to utilise these families in identifying biogeographic regions and comparing them with those already identifi ed using sediment and demersal fi sh data.

Finally, this historical review of the current status of polychaete knowledge in the Kimberley region can be used to identify where additional survey work is necessary to obtain a comprehensive picture of polychaete distributions in the region.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We thank our taxonomic colleagues whose substantial collections and identifi cations of the Kimberley polychaete fauna formed the basis of this dataset. The unpublished data of Russell Hanley on the polynoids that are housed in MAGNT have been particularly helpful. We also thank the Collection Managers in each of the museums for supplying the databases. We express our thanks to Stacey Osborne and Albert Miles for databasing the unregistered Kimberley material in WAM collections and for checking taxonomic and spatial information in this dataset and to Stacy Osborne for assistance in formatting tables for this paper. Also thanks to the reviewers who provided helpful comments.

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