Tour Guide Highlights Notes

Noble Gallery

Introduction Homestead Act – signed by Abraham Lincoln, opened the West for settlement,

stake the claim, pay the filing fee, add improvements to the land such as a house and crops, and live on it for 5 years, then it was all yours

Unassigned lands in the middle of Indian Territory – March 23 1889, President Benjamin Harrison announced the land run, would take place on April 22 –

People came from everywhere and gathered at the edge of the Unassigned Lands, some rode on horses, in wagons or buggies, on foot, or even on bicycles! US Marshals patrolled and kept them from entering too early

Sooners – entered illegally and hid until the opening

Covered Wagon Belonged to Lew Carroll Used in the first land run in 1889, but Lew failed to stake a claim; drove wagon

around the area but all the good claims were taken Succeeded in 1893 during the Cherokee Strip Land Run and settled near what is

now Newkirk Case nearby has items actually carried in this wagon during the land run – gun,

watch, pan, diary Lew kept a daily diary of his 1889 land run experiences; documented the first 6

years on the farm he built on land claimed in 1893. Look closely, what color was this wagon painted originally? Green was cheaper,

less likely to fade, and therefore popular (compare to hands-on wagon)

Sod House Wood was scarce, so pioneers used what they could Cut bricks of sod out of the ground with shovels, axes, picks, or plows – packed

very hard and full of grass and roots; stacked bricks, then placed branches and straw across top before putting bricks on

Had to build 12x12 sod house; house would last only about seven years Can you find the canvas from the wagon? Ceiling lined with canvas cover from

wagon; would help keep out dirt and critters, but notice that the dirt still washed in when it rained; walls were covered in gypsum paste (if you were fortunate enough to get it)

Held entire family, all shared the bed; slept outside when the weather was warm

Where is the kitchen? Living room? Bedroom? Bathroom?! Use bathroom outside, but what if it is raining, snowing, or really cold? Chamber pot!

Because wood was scarce they sometimes had to gather buffalo chips for fuel

Chuck Wagon After Civil War, Texas ranchers needed to get cattle to markets on the east coast,

but no way to get them there Enter the cowboy – the right man for the job – would drive cattle to the railroads

in Kansas to be shipped back east – but had to go through Indian Territory first along the cattle trails, such as the Chisholm Trail

1867-1881 – four million cattle walked the trails Chuck wagon is the most important part of the cattle drive – it has the food! This is the back where food and utensils are stored; front is for bedrolls and other

belongings – there is a bedroll nearby For breakfast – biscuits, beans, bacon, coffee. For lunch – same, for dinner –

same! These foods were easy to carry and lasted on the trail.

Dust Bowl House Features in kitchen – electricity, running water, appliances – compare to sod

house, it's much bigger, more conveniences, maybe cleaner? Radio in living room – no TV, radio is the source for news, music, and

entertainment; radio shows would tell a story, use different people to say the lines, and use sound effects

Notice the dust sifting into the house Dust bowl affected only a small part of western Oklahoma; this was due to

plowing up the native grasses for farming, then drought and high winds blew all the dry soil around, creating HUGE dust storms that darkened the sky; dust got into everything and made it hard to see and hard to breathe; dust got into everyone's lungs and some became ill or died.

Outlaws and Lawmen Dalton gang - older brother, Frank Dalton, took care of his 14 brothers and sisters

by working as a U.S. Deputy Marshal. After his death, his brothers Bob and Emmett decided to make their living by becoming outlaws. They started out with stealing horses and then graduated to robbing trains and eventually banks

The Dalton gang members were wanted men, sought by the Federal Marshals, so they decided on one last offensive to gain money to escape Federal Marshals for good. They would rob two banks at once. However, it didn't go well; poor

planning, difficult to carry out. Massive shootout, Emmett Dalton was the only survivor; was captured and sentenced to life in prison at the federal penitentiary at Lansing, Kansas.

The Kansas State Penitentiary - originally built in the 1860s by the hands of the prisoners. Prisoners also helped make the penitentiary a self-sustaining institution; grew food on prison farm, worked in prison mines and brick plants, made clothes in tailor shop. During his time in the Kansas State Penitentiary, Emmett Dalton worked in the prison tailor's shop where he made this prison uniform.

Camera was used at McAlester prison for "mug shots;" very heavy, never moved; "mug" refers to your face and mug shots help identify criminals in records and on wanted posters; wooden studio camera was designed and built by the Century Camera Company in the early 1900s, weighs over 20 pounds.

Bass Reeves was one of the first African American lawmen in Oklahoma Territory. He was amazing! He was a better shot than anyone else and he caught more outlaws than anyone else! You really did not want to run into him!

Territorial Seal Find the territorial seal. What do you expect it to look like? [once it is located] The seal imprints a symbol on documents to show that they

were created by the territorial government of Oklahoma and not by anyone else. It makes them official.

Where the seal is, that is where your government will be. Put paper between circular plates, press handle, makes an imprint on the paper

Iron Lung This is an iron lung. If you had polio, you would have probably been put in this at

some point in your life. Polio is a crippling disease that can cause your lungs to paralyze. If this occurred, your body would be placed in the iron lung (there is a place for your head to stick out) and it would breathe for you until your lungs were working again and you could breathe on your own.

1950s Kitchen What are the most striking features of this kitchen? Size (much bigger than sod

house and dust bowl kitchens) and color scheme (pastel pink with touches of green).

Why pink? The most fashionable color of the mid to late 1950s; possibly because it was First Lady Mamie Eisenhower's favorite color; she redecorated part of the White House private quarters in pink.

Kitchens in 1950s were pink, blue, green, etc. with wallpaper in curtains with prints of fruit, roosters, poodles, "atomic" patterns, etc.

An aesthetic reaction to the sterile and stark white kitchens of the previous decades and a cultural rejection of the austerity of the Depression and World War II years. Simply put – after decades of boring black and white appliances (black stove in sod house, white stove in 1930s house), people wanted bright colors. Also, technology had improved and people were were doing better financially.

Appliance companies soon began to manufacture coordinating stoves, refrigerators, washers, and dryers.

Look in the various cabinets and drawers for examples of kitchen items that were common in the '50s: updated appliances and utensils, the Mix Master, blender, coffee maker (or vacuum dripolator), toaster. Stainless steel sink and utensils. Unbreakable Tupperware and Melmac instead of china or glass. Upgraded from fridge to fridge/freezer, from wringer washer and line to washer/dryer.

One Room School Have students sit in desks and tour guide or teacher stand at the front so they can

see what it’s like Open the desks and see items students used Before the land runs, the five civilized tribes had schools Settlers came in and also established schools – where there are children, you need

education, and education comes from schools; parents wanted children to have an education even though they were pioneers settling in the new land of Oklahoma

One teacher taught several grades at the same time; gave lesson for one age group, then the next, and so on; older students helped younger students

Might only have school for a few months each year, and many students just learned basic reading, writing, and ciphering (arithmetic)

Imagine being in class with older and younger brothers and sisters. Would your older brothers/sisters help you? Would you help your younger brothers/sisters?

Native American Gallery

Map near entrance Tribes are color-coded by region; find where you live and which tribes were there Map shows how Native Americans from all over were gathered and placed into

Oklahoma

Removal of Five Civilized Tribes Imagine if you have to suddenly move very far away to a place where there are no

towns or houses or any kind of settlements. What would you take with you? [Challenge kids to think about survival, family]

Government forcibly removed 5CT in 1830s, was this legal? Was it fair? Made room for white settlers, 5CT had to settle in Indian Territory – no roads, no towns, etc.

Case contains items carried by 5CT as the traveled to Indian Territory in 1830s – wagon wheel, baskets/dishes, gun, clothing

Journey was very difficult; no roads, had to cut through brush and trees; could only get water when they crossed a creek or a river, so they sometimes went without water for 2-3 days; diseases; many people died because the trip was so difficult

One woman went with her three children – a baby that she carried in a shawl on her back, a small child that she carried in her arms, and a child that she led by the hand – and all three died along the way because the journey was so difficult.

Turtle Shell Leg Rattles Many American Indian tribes use turtle shell rattles during dances and specific

ceremonies. Make them out of whichever turtles that live near their homeland; typically North

American Box Turtles. The rattles can vary, from two per leg to seven per leg. Shell is soaked and cleaned, small pebbles are inserted to make the sound; holes

are drilled into the shells to make different sounds; rattles are attached with leather strips to leather leggings, which are then tied around the dancer’s legs.

Turtle shell rattles are still used today; often painted with different designs according to the tribe; sometimes they use tin cans instead.

Imagine dancing while wearing these. Do they look like they would be heavy? (probably not too heavy because you’d need to be able to move around) Loud?

Moccasins/Star Chart/Houses area Look below your feet – moccasins, different sizes, find your size. Compare them

to your shoes. Look at how they are different. We walk on the same ground, but we wear different kinds of shoes.

Did all Indians live in teepees? No. American Indians did not have modern technology, they lived off the land and

utilized their homelands’ natural resources for everything they needed – trees, mud, straw, grass to build their homes. Compare/contrast different model houses in the cases.

Pawnee Star Chart From the Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma; this one is many times larger than the

actual chart, original is only about 11”x17”. Our version is also a negative image.  OHS did this so that we could create the glowing lighted effect that you see.  

Image is part of a Sacred Bundle that is kept for the Pawnee people by the Chicago Field Museum of Natural History. OHS received special permission from the Pawnee people to use this recreation. No photos of Sacred Bundle; cannot be photographed. Each house has its own Sacred Bundle, believed to hold the gifts from the gods.

This Star Chart connects the Pawnee people to their origin story. In the past, religious leaders also used this chart to perform ceremonies, determine the beginning of the planting season, & other important events.

Pawnees believe that they originated from the marriage of the star gods Red Morning Star Warrior (Mars) and the White Star Woman (Venus). On the chart, you may recognize the Milky Way (represents the division between spring and winter), the North Star, and the Evening Star. You may also recognize constellations like the Big Dipper, Pleiades, and Orion. However, the Pawnees have different names for these constellations based on their religious beliefs. Many of the constellations and larger stars depicted on the chart are only familiar to knowledgeable Pawnee people.

Can you find a familiar constellation? We all look at the same stars, but we see different things in them.

Travois & Parfleche A travois is a simple sledge used by Plains Indians to drag heavy loads behind a

horse or sometimes a dog; it functions like a modern day trailer.

Two poles/bundles of poles, load-bearing platform is lashed to the poles; horse is harnessed between the other ends of the poles; saddle, horse blanket and leather reins that might have been used with the travois are also on display.

This particular travois illustrates a portable tipi home. The poles used are the poles that support the tipi cover. All the items packed on the travois are associated with the tipi and the camp it served.

A parfleche is a rawhide bag used by the Plains Indians for holding dried meats; word was originally used by French fur traders, not a word used by the Native Americans; from the French "parer" meaning "parry" or "defend", and "flèche" meaning "arrow”; made from the same type of rawhide used in shields; bags had distinctive geometric patterns. There is one parfleche bag on the travois and several more in the display case behind the travois.

Otoes & Lewis/Clark President Thomas Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark on an expedition to explore and

chart the western section of North America and to locate a route to the Pacific Ocean. Along the way, Lewis and Clark encountered many Indian tribes, including the Otoes, and gave each tribe they met a Jefferson Peace Medal, a letter of introduction from President Jefferson (written in French of course because he bought the territory from France), and a certificate of introduction.

The Otoe-Missouria family at the meeting saved the items in a trunk and handed them down for generations for 200 years.

Only one of the very few that has survived and been confirmed as authentic. It is the most valuable artifact in the entire museum! The Smithsonian has to

borrow the letters from us!

Caddo Shell Gorget Made from a conch shell by a member of the Caddo tribe; worn around the neck

and it features a turkey, which is an important symbol for the Caddo. Sometimes the Caddo would build their villages near turkey roosts for protection; any approaching intruders would disturb the turkeys, which would make a lot of noise and alert the village.

Another indication of the Caddos' respect for the turkey is the Turkey Dance, based on the behaviors of turkeys. According to oral history, it began when a hunter observed female turkeys stepping in a circle around male turkeys in the forest; he later told the village about what he saw, and this was the basis of the Turkey Dance.

The Turkey Dance requires endurance, typically begins in the afternoon and always ends at sundown, the main purpose is to call everyone together and have fun dancing. Men sit in a group and begin drumming and singing, calling the

women to dance. The women gather in a large circle around the men and move through the different phases of the dance, each with its own rhythm and steps. The first phase has steps that imitate a turkey kicking the dirt. The next phase has a sidestep that imitates turkeys looking for food on the ground and it refers to the community gathering food. Another phase has the women gathering toward the middle and scattering like a group of turkeys. During the last phase, the women choose men to be their partners and they dance in pairs until sunset. Ends at sunset because that's when the turkeys come home to roost.

Video nearby sometimes shows the Turkey Dance, can be a great visual aid

Osage Wedding Coat belonged to Lillie Morrell Burkhart, Osage, a descendant of White Hair, noted

Osage chief; this particular coat is not an original but rather a reproduction of the type of coats that were acquired by the Osages beginning in the 18th century

Osage had contact with various Europeans including the Spanish, French, and British as well as the Americans; coats were initially acquired by Osage chiefs and warriors through various diplomatic alliances and military campaigns between the aforementioned groups and the Osages; signified rank and were also a way for European military to identify the Osages as allies during these military campaigns.

Qsage men were well over six feet tall and broader than the average European, so the Osages put these “coats” on their women; eventually became a wedding tradition. An Osage bride would have worn the wedding coat over her traditional Osage regalia; finger woven belt is tied around the waist of the coat; carried the top hat adorned with plumes. Osage marriages were arranged with the bride and groom being from different clans; numerous gifts, feasts, a foot race, took place over the course of four days. The last traditional Osage wedding took place in the early 20th century.

Inasmuch Gallery

Stagecoach Every Wild West show had to have a stagecoach chase, and this was the majestic

coach used at the 101 Ranch show in Oklahoma constructed at the Abbot-Downing Coachworks in Concord, New Hampshire;

designed to carry 12 passengers; originally used in central Massachusetts in the early 1800s as part of a passenger transport system.

When you look at this stagecoach imagine traveling across the country side with a cabin full of riders. What sounds might you hear? What smells might find in its cramped quarters? How comfortable would your ride be?

Mark Twain described stagecoaches as “cradles on wheels.” Because of its unique construction, the stagecoach rocked as it moved instead of bouncing on steel springs. However, many of Twain's fellow travelers might have taken exception to his allusion. By the 1880s stagecoach travel declined; travelers could cross the country in a matter of days by rail.

Space Gallery!!

Wiley Post Pressure Suit Helmet Replica of a helmet that was part of the Wiley Post pressure suit; B F Goodrich made

the pressure suit; Post used it to make ten stratospheric flights in 1934-1935. It was made of double-ply rubberized parachute fabric, with pigskin gloves, rubber

boots, and an aluminum helmet with a Plexiglas window in front. When Wiley first used this suit the face plate of the helmet started to fog up. He

couldn’t just take it off and wipe the face plate clean. What did he do?! He used his nose to wipe the fog off the plate! He rubbed so hard he ended up wiping off all the skin on his nose! Gross!

This suit was pressurized to half of atmospheric pressure to permit a pilot to fly at high altitudes without fear of passing out due to lack of oxygen; used a liquid oxygen source and had arm and leg joints that permitted easy operation of the flight controls; enabled walking to and from the aircraft in relative comfort

Post wore his suit aboard his Winnie Mae to set unofficial altitude records up to 50,000 feet; discovered the jet stream and used it to fly in the stratosphere from Burbank, California to Cleveland, Ohio in March 1935

First major practical advance in pressurized flight Suit has evolved over years – the basis for flight suits used by pilots today. Also,

every suit made today for astronauts is modeled after Wiley Post’s Pressure suit. [transition to astronaut suit]

Astronaut Space Suit The space suit in this exhibit is a Gemini G4C-2 pressure suit, a variant of the G4C

suits used in almost all Gemini missions. It includes a helmet and a pair of replica gloves. The set is on loan from the Kansas Cosmosphere and Space Center in Hutchinson, Kansas. This suit was for training purposes and did not belong to any particular astronaut.

In 1965, NASA needed a special multipurpose suit for the Gemini missions. The Gemini capsule was too small to allow the astronauts to change suits inside, so the same suits would have to be worn for launch, re-entry, and activity inside and outside the spacecraft. They also needed to protect the astronaut from different emergency scenarios as well as the harsh conditions of space. Though early NASA suits were developed by B. F. Goodrich, the same company that designed Wiley Post's pressure suit, NASA chose the suit developed by David Clark Company because it was superior in design.

How do you put on the suit? Astronaut has to enter from the back of the suit; a sealing zipper runs down the back, between the legs, and up the lower abdomen. The suit has many layers. The innermost layer helps keep the astronaut comfortable. The next layer is an inflatable bladder that is surrounded by a net that helps it keep its shape.

Next, there are several protective layers, including a layer of Mylar that insulates the astronaut from temperature changes and a layer of special material that shields against micrometeors. The outer layer protects against fire and could even protect the astronaut from a mass of burning rocket fuel. The suit also includes a parachute, a flotation device, and an oxygen intake system. The helmet has padding and communications equipment, and the gold visor helps protect against the sun's UV rays, which are much harsher in space because they are not filtered through the Earth's atmosphere. Basically, the suit is designed to protect you from almost any potential disaster in space!

Ed White used a G4C suit during the first American spacewalk in 1965, and Thomas Stafford wore a G4C when he was in the Gemini 9. Stafford said that when he put his space suit on, he thought of his fellow Oklahoman, Wiley Post, because he knew that Post designed many of the features that went into the modern space suit.

Moon Rocks from Apollo 11 This exhibit contains tiny moon rocks in an acrylic sphere and a small Oklahoma flag

that made the journey to the moon. Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin brought back lunar soil

samples, rocks, and core tube samples after their historic walk on the surface of the Moon in 1969. The Nixon administration distributed some of the rocks as gifts to the 50 states of the US and to other countries. Since then, NASA and some state and foreign governments have lost track of their rocks due to poor record keeping and political upheaval. Some of the rocks simply went missing, a few were thrown away, and a few were stolen. Thanks to the investigations conducted by a retired NASA employee and graduate students at the University of Phoenix in Arizona, some of the rocks have been located and recovered.

The rocks given to the 50 states look just like the ones you see here. They are very small, weighing a little more than a grain of rice, and they are encased in an acrylic sphere for protection. Apollo 11 also carried flags for each of the 50 states in the lunar module. Each state flag was affixed to a wooden plaque along with the moon rock fragments.

Today, the samples collected by Apollo 11 are still very valuable to researchers. Because of data collected from more recent orbital surveys and advanced technology, scientists understand the Moon much better today than they did a few decades ago. They are now reexamining the samples and learning more about the formation and history of the Moon.

Mission Control Center

Have you ever hear the phrase “Houston we have a problem?” Well this is what they were referring to – mission control center. Based in Houston Texas, the support staff at mission control were in charge of fixing any problem that occurred in space. If the astronauts had a problem, they would radio to mission control and it would be taken care of.

If you want to work for mission control, you are required to sign a contract that states you are no allowed to cry. Why? Because they do not want staff that will cry if a problem occurs or if a space shuttle explodes. They want staff that will remain calm and fix the problem.

To manage space missions, usually from the point of lift-off until the landing or the end of the mission.

Staff of flight controllers and other support personnel monitor all aspects of the mission and send commands to the vehicle using ground stations around the world

Personnel supporting the mission from the control center include representatives all aspects of flight operations, orbital operations, and other subsystem disciplines. The training for these missions usually falls under the responsibility of the flight controllers, typically including extensive rehearsals in the mission control center.

As you look at this control panel consider how many people it takes to get astronauts into space. How much work must be done to build the vehicle to get them there and how many people does it take to insure that they return safely? Oklahomans have assisted in every step of the way from engineers working on the rockets, capsules, and shuttles to astronauts making the trip.

Notice the cigarettes on the counter. Very stressful job; also smoking was more common back then, but today it is restricted because it is a health hazard.

Gemini VI Launched on December 15, 1965 using booster rocket Titan 2 – part of a series of test

missions to study spaceflight; planned to conduct experiments with orbiting, rendezvous with Gemini 7, and re-entry

Held two astronauts, so it's called the Gemini (the twins, Castor and Pollux, constellation, etc.)

It is such a small space! Could you imagine two grown men sitting in this small, cramped space for days at a time? They couldn’t stand up or move around. How would they use the rest room? There was a bag and tube attached to their suits; they would go to the bathroom and the waste would go into the bag. The would then detach the bag from their suits, press a button on the control panel and the bag would be ejected into space.

Crewed by command pilot Astronaut Walter M. Schirra, Jr., and pilot Astronaut Thomas P. Stafford (an Oklahoman)

Has a very simple computer on board with 32 KB; only a tiny fraction of the amount of data our modern computers hold (now measured in megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes); had to be careful with how much data they used, but they were able to use enough

Discovered how easy it would be to dock/rendezvous; they were close enough to do so but didn't on this mission

Overall, purpose of Gemini program was to study spacewalks, docking, re-entry, etc. to prepare for Apollo space flights and missions to the moon; helped them gather a lot of important information to ensure the moon missions were safe and successful

Special Exhibit Gallery

1910 Selden Automobile 1910 Selden automobile, owned by Don and Grace Boulton, is quite a rare antique

car; over 1,900 were built in 1910; were only produced for four years; was built in Detroit by the Selden Motor Vehicle Company; cost $2,000 (quite a price to pay in 1910); has a four-cylinder, 40 HP engine; can travel at speeds up to 35 MPH.

George Baldwin Selden is a true pioneer of the auto industry; most remembered for his 1895 patent on a “four-wheel vehicle with an internal combustion engine.” What is that? A car!

For a number of years Selden collected a royalty from other car manufacturers for the license to use his patent to build cars; Henry Ford and other manufacturers joined forces to contest the patent; after eight years of litigation, Ford finally prevailed on a technicality: the engine used by Selden was not the one claimed in the patent.

After losing the patent case Selden turned his attention to truck manufacturing; Selden Truck Sales Corporation, which built trucks until 1930, when the company was sold to the Bethlehem Truck Company.

1931 Ford Model A Convertible Sedan The 1931 Ford Model A convertible sedan, owned by Charles Baldwin, is a fairly

unique car; just over 5,000 were ever built; cost just $640 new. Ford built most Model A’s in Dearborn, Michigan; this car was assembled right here

in Oklahoma City. four-cylinder 40 HP engine; can travel at speeds up to 35 MPH; one of the first cars

to feature four-wheel brakes; very popular cars; established Henry Ford’s reputation in the auto industry.

The Model T was the “bread and butter” of the Ford Motor Company from 1918 until 1927. However, by 1927 there was a clear need for a change, and that change was the Model A. The Model A was largely engineered by Henry’s son Edsel. The car was introduced on August 10, 1927, with fanfare consistent with its development cost of $100,000,000. The basic Model A cost little more than the Model T that it replaced. One very attractive feature of the Model A was the fact that it was available in six distinct body styles: sedan (2 and 4 door); coupe (with either a trunk or a rumble seat); roadster (2 seat sports car); Cabriolet (deluxe roadster with a rumble seat); and a convertible sedan (1931 five-passenger with ‘ragtop’).

Kerr-McGee Gallery

Wiley Post Wiley Post was a pioneer, an innovator, and a daredevil; flew around the world faster

than anyone had ever done it before; flew higher than anyone had flown before Discovered the jet stream, something that pilots plan on anytime they are flying at

high altitudes Invented and patented a suit that made it possible to fly at 50,000 feet in an unheated,

unpressurized cabin; today astronauts think of Wiley Post as they put on their space suits because they know that Post developed many of the features that went into a modern space suit.

From boyhood, Wiley loved machines but once he saw his first airplane, he knew what machine he loved best.

Worked in the oil field where the bosses liked him because he was good with machines but did not gamble or drink; lost eye in oilfield accident in 1920s, got $1800 settlement and used that to buy his first plane

Got into trouble (for armed robbery; robbed a car full of deputies, oops!) and served thirteen months of a ten year sentence in the Granite reformatory, but stayed out of trouble after that

Did stunts in an air show; flew the Winnie Mae for F.C. Hall, who backed him on his round-the-world flights.

Will Rogers and Wiley Post were good friends, and they flew to Alaska in August of 1935; were going to hunt and fish as Wiley scouted out business opportunities to fly freight and passengers between Alaska and the Soviet Union; Post’s third and last trip to Alaska; had designed a new ship to go there, but the design was flawed and probably caused the crash that killed Post and Rogers at Point Barrow, Alaska. Wiley’s funeral was the largest there has ever been in Oklahoma.

Zink car Jack Zink - nationally known for his involvement in racecar design, construction, and

competition. His father had sponsored a car in the 1950 and 1951 Indianapolis 500, and the younger Zink followed with his own car in 1952. He drove them as well, and in 1957 set a stock-auto speed record at Daytona Beach. Entered in every Indy 500 from 1952 to 1967, his cars won the race in 1955 and 1956 and won thirteen Championship Series races from 1955 to 1966. He was inducted into the Auto Racing Hall of Fame in May 2004.

Things made or invented in Oklahoma (large case) These things are made and/or invented in Oklahoma; think about how innovation and

changes in consumers' interests shape business Parking meter – parking spaces downtown taken up by workers; shops were losing

business because customers couldn’t find places to park; parking meter helped boost the availability of parking because workers didn’t want to keep going down to their cars and putting money in the meter; many people hate parking meters but they have an important purpose

Shopping cart – invented to help customers carry their groceries, which means it helped them buy more goods

Zebco reel - Founded at Tulsa, Oklahoma, in 1949; invention of backlash-free fishing reel by a Rotan, Texas, watchmaker and itinerant inventor named Jasper R. Dell Hull, who was better known as R. D. Hull. Approached the Zero Hour Bomb Company of Tulsa for assistance; ZHBC had been in business since 1932 manufacturing electric time bombs used in fracturing oil-well formations; was experiencing the difficulties common to a single-product company in a shrinking market (making oil field products during an oil bust). ZHBC partnered with Hull and produced their first reel, called the Standard, in May 1949. The product became so popular that in January 1956 the company changed its name to Zebco and ceased to produce oil-field related materials. This is a good example of how businesses can change in order to keep making money and survive.

Studebaker 1951 "bullet-nose" Studebaker originally owned by the Polk family of Oklahoma

City. When new, the car cost $1,681. Studebaker began as a family business that built wagons. The business grew to

become a large manufacturer of wagons and carriages. Studebaker wagons were used by westward pioneers, farmers, and the United States military, and a number of chuck wagons were built on Studebaker frames. In fact, Studebaker received a huge boost in business from producing wagons for the Union Army during the Civil War.

With the advent of the "horseless carriage" in the late 1890s and early 1900s, Studebaker began manufacturing automobiles. It introduced a battery-powered electric model in 1902 and later switched to gas-powered models in 1904. Production of horse-drawn vehicles came to a halt in 1920 as car manufacturing surged ahead. During World War II, Studebaker obtained military contracts and produced trucks and amphibious vehicles for the Allies. In 1950, the company introduced the iconic "bullet-nose" design that became synonymous with the Studebaker name in popular culture.

By the mid-1960s, Studebaker was the oldest automobile manufacturer in the world, but it was also suffering from poor sales. Though the company had tried to expand

into manufacturing other types of products such as missile components, the auto giants Ford and General Motors managed to drive Studebaker out of business in 1966.

Again, this is an example of how businesses can adapt in order to continue, but it doesn't always work out in their favor.

Honey Springs & Cannon Battle of Honey Springs, July 17, 1863 during the Civil War Battle was between Confederates and Cherokee, Choctaw, and Chickasaw allies; and

Union Army, blacks (including freed slaves) in the 1st Kansas Colored Volunteers, and Cherokees who didn't want to ally with the South – a "rainbow army" of different races fighting together

Largest military battle in Oklahoma; it was the only battle of the Civil War where Native Americans fought Native Americans, and it was the only battle of the Civil War where Native Americans, Blacks and Whites fought together.

Battle began with artillery duel – lines of cannons on both sides blasting away – then infantry advanced

The 1st Kansas Colored Volunteers held the most important front and center position and they held off the Confederates. In the end, Union repelled the Confederates, took control of area north of Arkansas River and a supply line to Fort Smith – very important

Cannon is an example of the kind of artillery used at Honey Springs; we do not know where this particular cannon was used, but we know it was used during the Civil War; it used to sit at the entrance to the Union Old Soldiers Home at Lincoln and 36th.

This cannon is a M1857 12 pounder, a.k.a. 12 lb. Napoleon; it weighs 2550 (weight of the tube by itself is printed on the muzzle, it's about 1230 lbs.)

Each cannonball weighs about 12 lbs; it's similar to a shotput used by track and field athletes; it can fire the cannonball about 1600 yards

To move the cannon, you need a set of 6 horses to pull the limber (platform and wheels) with the cannon and an ammunition chest. Then, you need another set of six horses to pull a second limber with a caisson (two ammo chests and a spare wheel).

The smallest unit of artillery is a battery, it consists of 6 guns. The US Army used 12 artillery pieces, so how many batteries did they have? (2)

There is an example of a cannon ball; do not touch the cannon [need info on what type of cannon it is, how much it weighs, how many men it took

to move it, how to load and fire it, ]

Military

Surgeons were really important during the Civil War. Look at the surgeon kit. What was the most important tool? The saw! Every aliment could be solved with the simple swipe of the saw – amputations were the most prescribed medicine!

There are sections that cover Oklahoma’s involvement in World War I and World War II. We have uniforms from every branch of the military, even a Rosie the Riveter uniform! Who was she? She was the spokeswoman for getting women involved in the workforce to help their men overseas with the war.

Oklahoma had many POW camps. Because of the geography and location of the state, OK was seen as the perfect place to house German POWs. This was actually a boost to the economy because it put Oklahomans to work.

There is a Vietnam POW uniform. This Oklahoman POW kept a journal detailing the horrors he endured, including being kept in a tiger cage to the point where his back was permanently deformed and being fed whole, raw pumpkins.

Thompson Submachine Gun The Thompson submachine gun, nicknamed the Tommy gun, was developed by

General John Thompson after World War I. Thompson wanted to develop a lightweight automatic gun that troops could use to sweep enemy soldiers out of trenches quickly and effectively. Unfortunately, because the weapon was finalized after the end of the war, sales were sluggish. Though the gun could be purchased in hardware and sporting goods stores, it cost $200 and most people could not afford it. The gun was marketed to law enforcement officials with some success. Thompson died in 1940 shortly before the gun's popularity among the military began to soar during World War II.

Though Thompson wanted the submachine gun to be the weapon of choice for law enforcement and the military, the gun became a very popular choice among criminals and gangsters. Hollywood cemented the gun's association with criminal activity in popular culture through gangster films.

Norden Bombsight Crucial for success of the U.S. Army Air Forces' daylight bombing campaign during

World War II. Highly classified, it gave American forces unmatched bombing accuracy, became widely used by US around 1943

Technology was so secret and so important that it was accompanied by guards at all times, even when it was loaded on and off the bomber; it had a thermite grenade inside that would destroy the device if necessary to keep the enemy from obtaining it

While approaching target, the bombardier entered data (wind direction, airspeed, and altitude) into the bombsight's analog computer, which made necessary calculations to ensure accuracy.

Newspapers at the time claimed it was so accurate that it could "drop a bomb into a pickle barrel," but on one particular bombing raid, one of every 10 of the bombs landed within 500 feet of their target, so it wasn't always accurate!

A Norden bombsight (not this particular one) was used on the Enola Gay to drop the atomic bomb Little Boy on Hiroshima

Drug Store and Restaurant Sit-Ins Important note: Katz sit-in happened after incident with Rosa Parks, which was in

1955; Parks is another example of peaceful resistance and civil disobedience. This is a replica of the Katz Drug lunch counter where Clara Luper carried out her

now famous sit-in on August 19, 1958. It was one of the first lunch counter sit-ins in the United States and it inspired many others to conduct sit-ins in other businesses.

Shortly after statehood, Oklahoma enacted a long list of segregation laws that were intended to create a virtual "caste system" that separated whites and African Americans. There were separate entrances, separate sitting areas, separate bathrooms, and so forth.

In 1957, Clara Luper took a group of her high school history students on a trip to New York City to present a play she had written about Dr. Martin Luther King. She and her students were amazed by what they found. They could stay at the same hotel as whites and eat in the same restaurants. On her return trip, Clara Luper vowed to fight segregation in Oklahoma.

On August 19, 1958, she and twelve of her NAACP Youth Council Members, ages six to seventeen, entered the Katz Drugstore in Oklahoma City at Robinson and Main. They took seats at the lunch counter, which was for whites only, and ordered Cokes. It was a simple act but it had monumental implications. Katz employees rudely demanded that they leave and called the police on them. White customers gathered around, pushed them, and shouted racial epithets. The group stayed seated through it all and politely repeated their order. They were denied service, but they were not arrested. Because of the sit-in, Katz eventually desegregated its 38 drugstores across the south.

Clara Luper continued her sit-ins from 1958 to 1964 and was arrested twenty-six times for her efforts. White supporters frequently joined her. They were heckled as sympathizers, and some were driven out of town for their efforts. Slowly things changed, and segregation passed away. Clara Luper remained active in the NAACP, even though she had to use a wheelchair in her later years. Many refer to her as the "Mother of the Civil Rights Movement."

Have a seat at the lunch counter and imagine what it would have been like to sit at the Katz counter for hours while the employees repeatedly ordered you to leave and the customers harassed you from behind. Would you feel safe sitting on that stool?

This exhibit also has examples of segregated drinking fountains. Notice how they differ in design and size.

One day, we had two elderly African-American ladies visiting the exhibit. One of them said that they use to amuse themselves by going down to the train station and putting an "Out of order" sign on the white fountain. Then, they would hide and watch people react to the sign!

All Black Towns Oklahoma had over 50 all black towns. More than any other state. They were started

after the Civil War by the freed slaves of the Five Civilized Tribes. They were completely run by African Americans and self-sufficient. There were also used for protection.

Medals of Honor It is extremely rare for any one man to be awarded all three of the highest military

honors: the Congressional Medal of Honor, the Silver Star, and the Purple Heart. During World War II, one African American man, Rueben Rivers, was awarded all three!

Jewel Theater Movie Projector This Simplex Model E-7 35mm projector was used in the Jewel Theater in the 1930s.

The Jewel Theater was built in 1931 as an entertainment venue for African Americans, who were not allowed in movie theaters attended by whites because of segregation laws. It was owned and operated by Percy James, a local African-American businessman and graduate of Langston University, and his wife Hattie. James named the theater after their daughter Jewell. The theater became an important cultural fixture in the Deep Deuce neighborhood of Oklahoma City. James also owned a number of other businesses including the Jay Kola bottling plant and three other Jewel Theaters in Oklahoma and Texas. The Jewel Theater closed in the 1970s, but the building still stands at 904 NE 4th Street and it is now on the National Register of Historic Places.

In its day, the Simplex was the “gold standard” of motion picture projectors. The light source was a carbon arc; two carbon electrodes were inserted, one from the

bottom of the projector and the other from the top; a high voltage was applied across the electrodes; they were allowed to touch for an instant, producing a bright arc; the electrodes were then separated to give the desired brightness. An electric motor kept the electrodes at the desired separation as the arc slowly burned the carbon.

A typical movie theater would have two projectors, one in operation and one standing by to pick up the action at the end of the first reel; short movies were on one reel while long movies took up two

Devon Gallery

The Winnie Mae Full sized replica of the ship that Wiley Post flew in his record setting flights around

the world; the actual Winnie Mae is in the Air and Space museum in the Smithsonian. In the Winnie Mae, Post also set a record for flying to an altitude of 50,000 feet,

higher than anyone had ever flown before. Called the Winnie Mae because the man who owned it, F. C. Hall, had a daughter

named Winnie Mae; Wiley was Mr. Hall’s personal pilot. The Winnie Mae is a Vega 5c produced by the Lockheed Aircraft Company;

wingspan is 41 feet; length is 27ft. 6in; its Wasp engine produced 450 horsepower; top speed achieved under its own thrust was 185mph; could fly a distance of 720 miles. This is the second Winnie Mae; the first one was a Lockheed Vega (earlier model) but Hall had to sell it during the Depression; later bought the 5c.

Normally it could fly to 19,000 feet, but with a supercharger, Post took it to 50,000 feet.

In normal duty, the ship could carry six passengers. The ship’s empty weight is 2,565 lbs.

How did we get the plane in here? It came into the building through the same door you used. The fuselage, wheels, and wings were set on the floor where you are standing. Here they were assembled. Cables were attached, and the plane was raised to the position where you see it now.

Get in through the top (pilots) or the door near the back (passengers)