BEAN ANATOMY & THE ADVENTURES OF BLOOD IN THAT UNHOLY MAZE

1. Kidney Topography

Kidney is a bean-shaped organ the size of a fist.

They are retroperitoneal structures situated between T11 and L3 vertebrae.

The upper poles of kidneys are more medial and posterior than the inferior poles.

They’re practically 150 grams in males, 135 in females, 10-12 cm in length, 5-7 in width, and 2-3 cm thick.

Each kidney is surrounded by perirenal fat, pararenal fat, and peritoneum, respectively.

Right kidney is partially covered by duodenum, colon, liver, and small intestine.

Left kidney is covered by stomach, splenorenal ligament, small intestine, descending colon, tail of pancreas, and most probably transverse mesocolon.

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2. Internal Anatomy(On a large scale)

Internal Anatomy (Continued):On a smaller scale

3. Vascularization

Suprarenal Gland Supply

Inferior phrenic artery originates from the aorta just above the celiac trunk which then divides into the superior suprarenal arteries.

Middle suprarenal arteries is derived from the aorta.

Inferior suprarenal arteries divide from the renal artery.

4. Innervation

The kidney is innervated parasympathetically by cranial nerve X, vagus nerve, and sympathetically by splanchnic nerves from T10 through L1.

5. Lymphatics

6. Major Discrepancies between The Symmetric Kidneys

Left kidney is approximately 1.5 cm higher than the right. Why is that? It’s because the liver presses on the right kidney.

Right kidney has pyramidal suprarenal gland, whilst left kidney has more oval gland.

Longer vein to the left and longer artery to the right.

Left Kidney is larger, longer, and more slender than right.

Anterior and posterior surfaces of each kidney are related to different structures.

How to identify right from left kidney?

o Here it is:-VaU: Vein, artery, ureter in that order anteroposteriorly. - You can also stare at the adrenal gland.

Many Thanks :*

Prepared by Amjad M. Taha Shamsi Basha

Revised by Mohammad Khalifa