ki1101-2012-kd lec05c chemicalbondingmotheory
TRANSCRIPT
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 1 of 53
Philip !tton
"ni#ersity of $indsor% CanadaPrentice-Hall 2007
CH&'(S)*+
Ninth
EditionG&,&*.
Principles and 'odern pplications
Petrucci Harwood Herring Madura
Chemical /ondin
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 2 of 53
Contents
11-1 $hat a /ondin )heory Sho!ld o
11-2 (ntrod!ction to the alence-/ond 'ethod
11-3 Hyridiation of tomic 4ritals
11- '!ltiple Co#alent /onds
11-5 'olec!lar 4rital )heory11-6 elocalied &lectrons: /ondin in the /enene
'olec!le
11-7 /ondin in 'etals
11- Some "nresol#ed (ss!es:Can &lectron Chare-ensity Plots Help8
Focus On Photoelectron Spectroscopy
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 3 of 53
11-1 $hat a /ondin )heory Sho!ld o
/rin atoms toether from a distance9 e- are attracted to oth n!clei9
e- are repelled y each other9
,!clei are repelled y each other9Plot the total potential enery #erses
distance9
-#e eneries correspond to net attracti#e forces9
#e eneries correspond to net rep!lsi#e forces9
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide of 53
Potential &nery iaram
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 5 of 53
11-2 (ntrod!ction to the
alence-/ond 'ethod
tomic orital o#erlap descries co#alent
ondin9rea of o#erlap of oritals is in phase.
localizedmodel of ondin9
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 6 of 53
/ondin in H2S
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 7 of 53
Using the Valence-Bond Method to Describe a Molecular
Structure.
escrie the phosphine molec!le% PH3% y the #alence-ond
method99
Identify valence electrons
EXAMPLE 11-1
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide of 53
S!etch the orbitals
"verlap the orbitals
Describe the shape
EXAMPLE 11-1
H
H
H
H
)rional pyramidal
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide ; of 53
11-3 Hyridiation of tomic 4ritals
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 10 of 53
sp3 Hyridiation
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 11 of 53
sp3Hyridiation
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 12 of 53
/ondin in 'ethane
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 13 of 53
sp3Hyridiation in ,itroen
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 1 of 53
/ondin in ,itroen
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 15 of 53
sp2Hyridiation
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 16 of 53
4ritals in /oron
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 17 of 53
sp Hyridiation
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 1 of 53
4ritals in /erylli!m
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 1; of 53
sp3d and sp3d2Hyridiation
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 20 of 53
Hyrid 4ritals and S&P*
$rite a pla!sile .e
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 21 of 53
11- '!ltiple Co#alent /onds
&thylene has a doubleond in its .e
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 22 of 53
&thylene
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 23 of 53
cetylene
cetylene% C2H2% has a tripleond9
S&P* says linear at caron9
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 2 of 53
11-5 'olec!lar 4rital )heory
tomic oritals are isolated on atoms9
'olec!lar oritals span t ?1 ?2 =2> ?1- ?2
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 25 of 53
Cominin tomic 4ritals
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 26 of 53
'olec!lar 4ritals of Hydroen
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 27 of 53
/asic (deas Concernin '4s
,!mer of '4s > ,!mer of 4s9
/ondin and antiondin '4s formed from
4s9
e-fill the lo
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 2 of 53
/ond 4rder
Stale species ha#e more electrons in
ondin oritals than antiondin9
/ond 4rder >,o9 e-in ondin '4s - ,o9 e- in antiondin '4s
2
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 2; of 53
iatomic 'olec!les of the Birst-Period
/4 > 1-0DE2 > FH2
/4 > 2-0DE2 > 1H2
/4 > 2-1DE2 > FHe2
/4 > 2-2DE2 > 0He2
/4 > #e-bond- e-antibondDE2
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 30 of 53
'olec!lar 4ritals of the Second Period
Birst period !se only 1s oritals9
Second period ha#e 2s and 2p oritals
a#ailale9
p orital o#erlap:
&nd-on o#erlap is est sima ond D9 Side-on o#erlap is ood pi ond ID9
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 31 of 53
'olec!lar 4ritals of the Second Period
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 32 of 53
Cominin p oritals
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 33 of 53
&@pected '4 iaram of C2
Slide 33 of 53 General Chemistry: Chapter 11 Prentice-Hall 2007
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 3 of 53
'odified '4 iaram of C2
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 35 of 53Prentice-Hall 2002 General Chemistry: Chapter 11
'4 iarams of 2ndPeriod iatomics
Slide 35 of 53 General Chemistry: Chapter 11 Prentice-Hall 2007
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 36 of 53
'4 iarams of Heteron!clear iatomics
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 37 of 53
'4 iarams of Heteron!clear iatomics
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 3 of 53
11-6 elocalied &lectrons
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 3; of 53
/enene
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 0 of 53
/enene
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 1 of 53
/enene
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 2 of 53
4one
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 3 of 53
11-7 /ondin in 'etals
&lectron sea model ,!clei in a sea of e-9
'etallic l!ster9
'alleaility9
Borce applied
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide of 53
/ondin in 'etals
/and theory9&@tension of '4 theory9
, atoms i#e , oritals
that are closely spaced in
enery9
J ,E2 are filled9
)he #alence and9J ,E2 are empty9
)he cond!ction and9
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 5 of 53
/and )heory
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 6 of 53
/and )heory
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide 7 of 53
Semicond!ctors
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide of 53
Photo#oltaic Cells
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Prentice-Hall 2007General Chemistry: Chapter 11Slide ; of 53
11- Some "nresol#ed (ss!es: Can &lectron
Chare-ensity Plots Help8
ccommodation of e@tra #alence electrons8
(n molec!les s!ch as SB6 and SB9
re d-oritals !sed in the ondin description8
$hat pro#ides the more f!ndamental #ie