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LISTED

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Important Notice This product is to be used only as a design aid for the professional engineer and under no circumstances should it be used in place of the expertise of a professional engineer. All statements, technical information, recommendations and designs contained herein are based on calculations developed by Kidde-Fenwal, Inc., as well as testing conducted by Kidde-Fenwal utilizing the best available technology and equipment. The software calculations are believed to be reliable, but the accuracy or completeness thereof is not guaranteed, and the following statement is made in lieu of all warranties, express or implied, including the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for purpose:

The only obligation of the seller or manufacturer shall be to replace such part of the physical product proved to be defective. Before using, the user shall determine the suitability of the product for its intended use, and the user assumes all risk and liability whatsoever in connection therewith. NEITHER SELLER NOR MANUFACTURER SHALL BE LIABLE EITHER IN TORT OR IN CONTRACT FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE, DIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR THE INABILITY TO USE THIS PRODUCT. No statement or recommendation not contained herein shall have any force or effect unless in a written agreement signed by officers of seller and manufacturer.

Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Illustrations were current at the time this publication went to press. Actual screen displays and printed reports may vary. Companies, names, and data used in examples herein are fictitious unless otherwise noted. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the expressed written permission of Kidde-Fenwal, Inc.

FM-200 Flow Calculation Software is intended to be used in applications where agent containers must be stored in a controlled temperature environment at 70 F 10 F in order to be approved. Storage temperatures varying more than 10 F from 70 F may result in insufficient quantity of agent delivered.

For detailed design information see the Kidde design manual:

FM-200 ECS Series Engineered Fire Suppression Systems: Design, Installation, Operation, and Maintenance Manual (P/N 90-FM200M-000)

1994-2004 Kidde-Fenwal, Inc. All rights reserved.

Microsoft, Windows, MS and MS-DOS are registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation in the US and/or other countries.

FM-200 is a registered trademark of the Great Lakes Chemical Corporation.

Printed in the U.S.A.

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Table of Contents

IMPORTANT NOTICE ........................................................................................... I

OVERVIEW ..........................................................................................................5

WHAT'S NEW? ....................................................................................................6

GETTING STARTED ............................................................................................7

Installing the Software ................................................................................................... 7 Uninstalling the Software ............................................................................................... 7 Installing the Copy Protection Unit................................................................................. 7 Startup Screen............................................................................................................... 7 Import Project from Previous Version ............................................................................ 7 New Project Preferences ............................................................................................... 8 Options .......................................................................................................................... 9 Multiple Windows........................................................................................................... 9

DEFINING A PROJECT .....................................................................................10

Setup Project ............................................................................................................... 10 Customer and Project Information ............................................................................... 11 Designer Notes ............................................................................................................ 12 Enclosure Selection ..................................................................................................... 13 Enclosure Information.................................................................................................. 14 Nozzle Table................................................................................................................ 15 Adjust Agent Required................................................................................................. 16 Agent Source ............................................................................................................... 17

Warning Messages..................................................................................................................18 Maximum container fill range exceeded.........................................................................................18 Minimum container fill range not exceeded....................................................................................18 Cylinder filled to the nearest pound/half Kg (rounding up) .............................................................18

Container Selection ..................................................................................................... 18 Container Info .............................................................................................................. 18 Manifold Selection ....................................................................................................... 19

MANIFOLDING...................................................................................................20

Select Starting Point .................................................................................................... 20 Manifold Edit ................................................................................................................ 21

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Manifold Edit Part 1 ..................................................................................................... 22 First Section of Manifold .............................................................................................. 23 Second Section of Manifold ......................................................................................... 24 Third Section of H Manifold ......................................................................................... 25

ISOMETRIC DRAWING .....................................................................................26

Isometric Drawing ........................................................................................................ 26 Toolbar......................................................................................................................... 27 Other Objects............................................................................................................... 28 Isometric Views............................................................................................................ 28 Copy Downstream Pipe Section .................................................................................. 28 Cut Downstream Pipe Section..................................................................................... 28 Save Downstream Pipe Section .................................................................................. 29 Delete Downstream Pipe Section ................................................................................ 29 Open Pipe Section and Paste It On............................................................................. 29 Paste Pipe Section ...................................................................................................... 29 Delete ALL The Piping................................................................................................. 30

PIPE NETWORK TABLE ...................................................................................31

Pipe Network ............................................................................................................... 31 Pipe Network Toolbar .................................................................................................. 32 Duplicate The Pipe Type ............................................................................................. 32 Duplicate Pipe Diameters ............................................................................................ 32 Default Pipe Diameters................................................................................................ 32 Pipe Locking ................................................................................................................ 32 Test Data ..................................................................................................................... 33 View Column................................................................................................................ 33

CALCULATE......................................................................................................34 Perform PreCalc Calculations ............................................................................................................34 Perform Main Calculations .................................................................................................................34 Calc Results.......................................................................................................................................34

REPORTS ..........................................................................................................35 Project Report ................................................................................................................................35 Designer Notes Report...................................................................................................................35 Print Isometric Drawing ..................................................................................................................35 Enclosure Report ...........................................................................................................................35 Agent Source Report......................................................................................................................35 Pipe Network Report ......................................................................................................................35

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Parts List Report ............................................................................................................................35 System Acceptance Report............................................................................................................35 Multiple Reports Selection .............................................................................................................35

Export Report............................................................................................................... 36

TABLES .............................................................................................................37 Containers..........................................................................................................................................37 Pipe Types .........................................................................................................................................37 Nozzles ..............................................................................................................................................37 Other Pipe Objects.............................................................................................................................37 Atmospheric Correction Factors.........................................................................................................37

HELP ..................................................................................................................38 Contents.............................................................................................................................................38 Search for Help On ............................................................................................................................38 Distributor Information........................................................................................................................38 About This Program ...........................................................................................................................38

TROUBLESHOOTING .......................................................................................39

Error Messages ........................................................................................................... 39 Maximum percent agent in pipe is exceeded .................................................................................39 Minimum orifice area to pipe area ratio not exceeded....................................................................39 Maximum orifice area to pipe area ratio exceeded.........................................................................39 Illegal tee orientation ......................................................................................................................39 Minimum percent agent before the first tee is not exceeded..........................................................39 Maximum discharge time exceeded...............................................................................................39 Minimum discharge time not exceeded..........................................................................................39 Container liquid run out has occurred before the pipe network has filled. ......................................39 Container pressure depleted before all liquid has discharged from system. ..................................39 Minimum avg nozzle pressure violation at nozzle X.......................................................................39 Maximum of 120 branches and 20 nozzles exceeded. ..................................................................39 Flow split at bull tee out of range....................................................................................................39 Flow split at side tee out of range...................................................................................................39 Minimum flow rate not exceeded....................................................................................................40 Maximum arrival time imbalance exceeded between nozzles X and Y. .........................................40 Maximum runout time imbalance exceeded between nozzles X and Y..........................................40 Choked flow feeding nozzle X........................................................................................................40

RESOURCES .....................................................................................................41

Web Support................................................................................................................ 41 Keyboard Shortcuts ..................................................................................................... 41

UNINSTALLING .................................................................................................41

INDEX.................................................................................................................42

APPENDIX: SAMPLE REPORTS ......................................................................46

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Overview The Kidde ECS Series software contains a sophisticated calculation routine for predicting the two-phase, two-component flow of agent and nitrogen through a pipe network system. The calculation routine can be initiated when all the data necessary to describe the system has been input via the interface. The Windows-based interface provides a convenient, fast and user-friendly method for entering the system. The software is also interfaced with (and dependent upon) the hardware-specific data that must be included in the design of a system. The calculation routine is based on the conservation of mass, energy and momentum in the pipe network. This routine calculates the flow in quasi-steady state steps from the initiation of the discharge to final gas blow down. For a typical system, the program will calculate about 50 steps, although these steps will not be individually apparent. This is a significantly more rigorous treatment than the traditional "Halon 12A" method which bases the calculation on a single "average" step for the entire discharge. This increase in rigor results in longer calculation times, which will vary depending on the characteristics of the pipe network. The calculation routine is initiated from the data entered in the Enclosure Information, Agent Source, Isometric Drawing and Pipe Network screens under the Inputs menu. All the required information must be entered before a calculation can be run. The Isometric Entry screen allows the user to "draw" a sketch of the system. Information from the drawing is automatically transferred to the Pipe Network table. Designing a system begins by entering information to calculate the quantity of agent required to be delivered into each enclosure. An agent source (containers) and pipe network is then entered to deliver this agent. Nozzle orifice areas may be either manually entered or estimated by the calculation routine to complete the layout of the system. The calculation routine is then run and a comparison of the system requirements to the predicted system performance is made. If the predictions meet the system requirements and no error messages are present, then the system is properly designed. If the predictions do not meet the system requirements, then changes must be made to the system (for instance, adjustments to nozzle orifice areas or the pipe network) and the calculation routine run again. This procedure is repeated until the system meets the requirements and error messages are resolved.

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What's New? Version 3.xx of this program represents a major upgrade to the software. Here's a list of the key changes:

y The new 32-bit software now fully supports Windows 9.x/NT/2000/ME operating systems. y Project files (*.FLC) can have long file names. y A new Startup Screen lets you reopen the last project you worked on, reopen another project, or start a new

one. y You can import version 2.xx projects. y You can open the isometric drawings, pipe network table, reports, and results simultaneously. You can

reposition these windows anywhere on your screen. y Reports can be exported to PDF and RTF formats. y A new Options menu lets you set your personal working preferences. y The software can automatically pick the pipe type for your design, and a new locking feature lets you control

which pipe segments can be picked by the program. y Customizing isometric views has been improved to include more options, including printer settings. y You can specify a default nozzle type. y The calc results includes a report of system limits, so you can see if a system if approaching a limit. The report

also provides some design suggestions to help make failing systems pass.

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Getting Started

Installing the Software 1. Close all running applications. 2. Insert the CD-ROM into the CD player. The main menu should appear. 3. If the CD does not autoplay, click My Computer from your desktop and double-click on the CD drive. Click

autorun.exe to start the installer. 4. Follow the on-screen instructions.

Uninstalling the Software 1. Click Start > Settings > Control Panel > Add/Remove Programs. 2. Select this software from the list of available programs. 3. Follow the on-screen instructions.

Installing the Copy Protection Unit This software is protected by a hardware key or "dongle". The device needs to be installed onto the parallel port prior to starting the software. Your printer cable then plugs into the back of the hardware key. This will not interfere with the function of your computer or printer.

The hardware key must be in place in order for the software to function. If the hardware key is missing at any time, the software program will terminate without saving your file.

Startup Screen The program will start by displaying a splash screen. You have three options to choose from:

y Open the Most Recent y Create a New Project y Open an Existing Project

Import Project from Previous Version This feature only supports projects created with version 2.xx of the FlowCalc software.

Known Limitations 1. There are certain objects and/or types of systems that cannot be imported. 2. Predictions may be different than those produced in version 2.xx.

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New Project Preferences This screen allows you to set the defaults for new projects only. If you need to change the settings for the current project, see Setup Project.

Designer Name Changes in this field will be reflected on all printed and screen reports for all future projects until a new entry in this field is made.

Unit of Measure Choose Metric or English.

Default Pipe Type The default pipe type is displayed here. You may change this default by clicking on the arrow button to the right of the description. Click on the desired Pipe Type description from the pull-down list.

Default Nozzle Type The default nozzle type is displayed here. You may change this default by clicking on the arrow button to the right of the description. Click on the desired Nozzle Type from the pull-down list.

Agent This software has been designed to work exclusively with FM-200.

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Options These options will set the general default preferences for all new projects.

General Tab y Ask for project name when starting a new project. y Wait until saving to ask for the new file's name.

y Ask to save the project prior to performing calculations (recommended) y Minimize PreCalc DOS window (run in background) y Minimize Main Calc DOS window (run in background)

Location Tab Default Project Directory Specify the location where the software will save and open project files. Default Pipe Section Directory Specify the location where the software will save and open pipe sections.

Reports Tab Initial Report Zoom (doesn't affect printing or exporting) Specify the initial zoom at which reports will be viewed on your monitor screen.

Multiple Windows The isometric drawing, pipe network table, results windows, and any of the reports may be opened simultaneously. Use the options under the Window menu bar to arrange the windows on your monitor.

Arrange the isometric and pipe network windows for quick viewing when correcting design limit errors.

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Defining a Project

Setup Project This screen allows you to select certain parameters for the current project only. To change the defaults for future projects, see the New Project Preferences screen.

Unit of Measure Choose from Metric or English. Regardless of the unit of measure chosen, you can create reports in either set of units. For example, you can create a project using English units and print reports in metric units.

Default Pipe Type The default pipe type should be selected prior to designing a new pipe network. The selection made here is used by the isometric drawing routines when it creates a new pipe section. Changing this value here will not have any affect on any current pipe segments. It will however, be used for any new pipe segments created. In any case, a pipe type can be changed on the Pipe Network table. The alpha-numeric code of the selected type will be displayed in the Pipe Network Table. These codes are also shown as a prefix to the pipe type descriptions in the pull-down menu.

Default Nozzle Type The default nozzle type is used as the default in the Isometric drawing and Pipe Network table. You can change the default in the Isometric drawing by double-clicking the nozzle and changing the selection. You can also change the nozzle type in the Pipe Network table by clicking in the cell and change the value from the pull-down menu.

Agent This software has been designed to work exclusively with FM-200.

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Customer and Project Information The information entered in the Customer And Project Information screen is optional and does not affect any of the calculations. The information entered can be printed as a report and helps you keep track of jobs and customers.

If a default Designer Name is present in the New Project Preferences screen, it is automatically entered when a new project is created. To change the default Designer Name for this project only, you can overwrite it here. To change the default for all future projects, use the New Project Preferences screen.

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Designer Notes The Designer Notes screen allows you to enter miscellaneous information about your project. Comments, notes and a history of the project are examples of the types of information this field can be used for. Since entries in this field are not printed on the Project report, it can be used for information that you may not wish your customer to see. Information entered here can be printed as a separate report under the Reports menu.

The Description field on the Customer And Project Information screen can be used for information that you do want the customer to see.

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Enclosure Selection The Enclosures Selection screen is used to add, edit, and delete enclosures for this project. It is also used to enter the Elevation Above Sea Level which, in turn, sets the Atmospheric Correction Factor for this project.

Once an enclosure screen has been completed, the Elevation Above Sea Level field will be disabled. If you wish to edit the Elevation Above Sea Level, you can do so in the Agent Adjustment screen.

Add (button) Adds an enclosure to the project.

Edit (button) Modifies the highlighted enclosure.

Delete (button) Deletes the highlighted enclosure.

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Enclosure Information Enclosure Information screens are used to calculate the amount of agent required to protect each enclosure and to set the distribution amount between the nozzles in the enclosure (if more than one nozzle is present).

Each enclosure will require at least one nozzle to provide agent. The quantity of agent required from the nozzle will be determined by the information entered in the Enclosure Information screens, using a calculation method which is outlined in NFPA 2001, "Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems". This quantity of agent must flow through the pipe network and out of the nozzle to satisfy the system requirements. Each time any of the inputs on the Enclosure Information screen is changed, the displayed amount of agent required in the given enclosure and total amount of agent for all enclosures will be updated.

Enclosure Number/Name Each enclosure will be numbered sequentially. The Name field allows you to enter a brief description of the enclosure to make identification easier.

Enclosure Temperature The temperatures entered for the enclosure should be the lowest and highest temperatures expected for the enclosure. The allowable temperature range is 32F - 130F (0C - 54C). The maximum temperature is used to calculate the maximum concentration possible for the enclosure. This information is used along with the enclosure dimensions entered in the lower section of the window to calculate the amount of agent to be delivered to each enclosure.

Design Concentrations The Minimum Design Concentration is the concentration used by the program as a check to insure that the proper quantity of agent has been delivered to an enclosure. The software will complete its calculations based on the adjusted design concentration, which must be greater than or equal to the minimum design concentration. Use of an Adjusted Design Concentration greater than the minimum required value may be warranted for a particular system. It is necessary that, for each system design, the minimum design concentration be achieved in each protected enclosure. Depending on the degree of system imbalance, it may be very difficult to design the system to deliver 100% of the desired agent to each enclosure. When using the nozzle selection option, a system is considered calculated when at least 95% of the agent required using the adjusted design concentration reaches each enclosure. Some enclosures may receive a bit more agent than designed, some a bit less. By using an adjusted design concentration that is higher than

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the minimum design concentration, it will be insured that the minimum design concentration is met for all enclosures.

Number of Nozzles (field) The number of nozzles required in the room (the default is "1"). Each enclosure will require at least one nozzle to provide agent. You must determine the number of nozzles required, based on the area and layout of the enclosure.

Enclosure Dimension (fields) These fields allow you to input the width, height, and length of the enclosure, with the program calculating the volume. You can also directly input the volume, ignoring the specification of individual dimensions. The non-permeable volume in the enclosure can also be entered (the default is zero). This will be subtracted from the enclosure volume for the calculation of the amount of agent required. For detailed design information including (but not limited to) area coverage per nozzle, and height limitations, see the Kidde design manual: FM-200 ECS Series Engineered Fire Suppression Systems: Design, Installation, Operation, and Maintenance Manual (P/N 90-FM200M-000)

Nozzle Table This screen allows you to adjust the amount of agent flowing to each nozzle. The Auto button will distribute the agent evenly between the nozzles. This can be overridden by manually entering the quantity desired for each nozzle. However, the total must add up to the total quantity required for the enclosure.

Each nozzle is given a unique code. The code consists of the enclosure number and the nozzle within that enclosure. For instance, E1-N1 above refers to the first nozzle (N1) in the first enclosure (E1).

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Adjust Agent Required This screen allows you to adjust the agent quantities and/or the concentration. In general, you simply point to either an agent amount or a concentration and change it. When you move to a new field the other numbers are adjusted. If you adjust the total agent quantity, the software disperses the increase or decrease across the enclosures and the nozzles.

The software will compute the current agent distribution ratio for an enclosure by dividing the amount for each enclosure by the total agent amount. This percentage is then multiplied by the overall change. That amount is then added or subtracted from the enclosure. A similar process is used by the nozzles, except that it is based on the total amount for the enclosure. You cannot adjust the Volume or the Minimum Temperature from this screen. If you need to adjust these fields, you must do so from the Enclosure screens.

Perhaps the best way to use this screen is to just try it. Try adjusting the numbers you wish to adjust and then observe the effect on the other numbers. If the change was not what you wanted, simply press the "Reset" button to get back to where you started. When you have finished, press the "OK" button to save your changes or the "Cancel" button to abandon them.

New Agent Amount The total container fill must be in increments of whole pounds (half Kg for metric systems) or the software will not calculate. Similarly, when designing systems with more than one container, the agent amount divided by the number of containers must also be a whole number. Use this field to adjust the agent amount when necessary. The total agent amount must be rounded up to the next highest unit (in this case, pounds). You can change the concentration, total quantity, or quantity to each nozzle. The individual nozzle method is useful for systems with multiple enclosures where the initial predictions result in an insufficient concentration in one enclosure. If you added agent to the total quantity, the default would be to distribute this agent between all nozzles. The result is that you add agent to enclosures that don't need it. The more efficient use of the additional gas is to add it directly to the problem enclosure by increasing the requirements for the nozzles in that enclosure.

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Set to New Will reset the Original Agent Amount to reflect any change to the New Agent Amount field.

Show Nozzles Changes how the Nozzle Information section is displayed. You may switch between viewing only the nozzles defined for this enclosure, or all nozzles defined for the project.

Elevation The elevation above (or below) sea level is used to look up the Atmospheric Correction Factor.

Atmospheric Correction Factor The correction factor adjusts the amount of agent required based on the elevation.

Reset Returns all data on this screen to its original settings.

Agent Source This screen is used to enter the Agent Source information. Normally, the first thing to do is to select a container for the system by clicking the Container Select button.

Auto Select Automatically selects the smallest container for the required quantity of agent.

If you make changes to Agent Quantity, you will have to click button again.

Manifold Edit Click here for a detailed explanation.

No Manifold Design a system without a manifold.

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Main/Reserve Select the manifold configuration desired by clicking on the appropriate button.

Warning Messages Maximum container fill range exceeded The initial fill density in the container(s) is greater than the maximum allowed.

Minimum container fill range not exceeded The initial fill density in the container(s) is less than the minimum allowed.

Cylinder filled to the nearest pound/half Kg (rounding up) You should return to the Adjust Agent Required screen and manually increase the agent quantity in the New Agent Amount field. For multiple container systems, the total amount of agent must be evenly divisible by the number of containers.

Container Selection Container Name A list of available containers can be viewed by clicking on the down arrow key at the right edge of the field. Highlight the desired description to change.

Number Of Containers Enter the number of containers desired here.

Container Info This screen contains specific information about the currently selected container for reference purposes. Click Next to view the next available container or click Cancel to return to the Agent Source screen.

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Manifold Selection Making a manifold selection will automatically insert the required number of segments and all pipe information for the manifold into the Pipe Network table. The desired manifold configuration should be selected with the assistance of the KIDDE Design, Installation, Operation and Maintenance Manual.

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Manifolding

Select Starting Point As stated in the window, you must copy an existing manifold in order to create a new manifold configuration. Highlight your choice and click Next >.

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Manifold Edit

Add Click here for a detailed tutorial on adding manifold configurations.

Edit This button will allow you to edit a previously created manifold.

Delete This button will allow you to delete a previously created manifold.

You may only edit and delete manifolds you previously created. You may not edit or delete a baseline manifold.

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Manifold Edit Part 1 You can now begin configuring your new manifold with the options above, by typing in the field directly, or using the arrow buttons where available. You may want to edit the Name field to identify your new manifold. Although you can change the pipe takeoff direction to horizontal or down, the bitmap will still reflect the up direction. When entering the isometric, however, the direction will display correctly.

Click Next> to continue.

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First Section of Manifold The Pipe Length shown here is the length of the pipe nipple between the EL check and the manifold piping tee. When using an EL check, the pipe diameter for the nipple must be either 2" or 2.5". Since the EL check and flex hose are accounted for in the Others field, there is no need to account for this in the Equivalent Length Added field.

The default manifold configuration includes a flexhose connection between the cylinder and EL check. For design information on installations using hard piping between the cylinder and EL check, please contact Kiddes applications engineering department. Click Next to continue.

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Second Section of Manifold y For end and center manifolds, the pipe length represents the total length of the manifold. The 90 elbow

represents the elbow leading to the pipe riser. The two side tees represent the tees connecting to the EL checks.

y For "H" manifolds, the pipe length represents one leg of the 'H' configuration.

Select your choices and click to add your new configuration to the list of available choices.

If you are modifying an 'H' manifold, continue reading.

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Third Section of H Manifold The pipe length represents the pipe leading to the manifold outlet. This is assumed to be 1/2 of the pipe length connecting the two halves of the 'H'.

Select your choices and click to add your new configuration to the list of available choices.

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Isometric Drawing

Isometric Drawing The Isometric screen is used to sketch the pipe network. The information entered here is translated to the Pipe Network table. It is recommended that the piping is entered in View #1 (Standard Isometric View). In general, you draw each piping segment in the following manner:

1. Enter the length of pipe you wish to add. 2. Click the Pipe button (to the left of the numeric field), or press the Enter key. 3. Select an object to add (for example: a tee) 4. Select its rotation with one of the (8) rotation buttons. 5. Repeat these steps for each new segment.

You can move the cursor by pointing to the place you want to edit and clicking once. The valid points are:

y a nozzle y the end of a node (marked by a small circle on the pipe)

1. You can reposition the drawing anywhere on the screen by right-clicking and dragging. 2. Sometimes the drawing will 'fly' off the screen when using the scroll buttons here. To move the drawing in small

increments, try using the arrow buttons on the scroll bar instead. If you do get lost, use the Center button to locate the cursor.

3. Double-clicking on a node will bring up a window where you can assign nozzle and change pipe lengths "on-the-fly".

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Isometric Toolbar

Add a bull tee

Add a thru tee

Add a nozzle

Add a 45 degree elbow

Add an elbow

Add other objects to the drawing

Change the orientation of the elbow

Delete the last item added

Zoom into the drawing

Zoom out of the drawing

Position the active node in the center of the screen

Changes the compass orientation

Select from 12 customizable views

Customize the view buttons. More.....

Return to the Agent Source screen

Proceed to the Pipe Network table

Accept changes and close the drawing

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Other Objects Non-pipe objects can be added to your drawing here by selecting from this list of valid objects. To change an existing object, cut downstream pipe, delete the existing object, insert a new object and then paste pipe section back on. You can also change objects in Pipe Network screen. When container sizes are changed and the new container requires a different flex hose, the pipe network approach may be best.

Isometric Views There are twelve (12) views available. You may customize and save the settings for each view.

Name (used on reports) Enter a name that will help you identify this view setting.

Show checkboxes You can customize the options for this view by selecting/deselecting these options.

Landscape or Portrait You can override your Windows printer default setting for this view, if desired. Some drawings may not be printed in the Landscape orientation. If you are experiencing trouble, try using the alternate method button.

Print This View (Alternate Method) Use this option if you wish to print in the Landscape orientation.

Select This button will close the window and return to the isometric drawing using this view setting.

Copy Downstream Pipe Section The piping (from the location of the cursor to the end of the section) is copied to the clipboard. The drawing remains unaltered. However, you can copy this pipe section to another area of the drawing by using the Paste command. In order to modify a section of pipe, you must position the cursor to a valid point on the pipe drawing. These points are marked with a small circle. (If you cannot see any small circles on the drawing, click the Views button to make sure Show Node Start Markers is checked.)

This feature is useful when branch lines are identical, saving you repetitious drawing commands.

Cut Downstream Pipe Section The piping (from the location of the cursor to the end of the section) is deleted and copied to the clipboard. You can use the Paste command to move this section of pipe to another location or Save it for future use in multiple projects. In order to modify a section of pipe, you must position the cursor to a valid point on the pipe drawing. These points are marked with a small circle. (If you cannot see any small circles on the drawing, click the Views button to make sure Show Node Start Markers is checked.)

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Save Downstream Pipe Section The piping and associated hardware (from the location of the cursor to the end of the section) is saved as a separate file. The software will ask you to name the section before saving and automatically give the file an *.sct file extension. In order to modify a section of pipe, you must position the cursor to a valid point on the pipe drawing. These points are marked with a small circle. (If you cannot see any small circles on the drawing, click the Views button to make sure Show Node Start Markers is checked.)

This feature is particularly useful for repeated pipe configurations in multiple projects. You will also find it helpful if you must modify a drawing in the midst of a configuration. You can save a section, make the modifications necessary (such as adding piping to circumvent a beam), and re-attach the remainder of the piping as a unit, rather than re-drawing the entire section.

Delete Downstream Pipe Section Deletes all the piping and associated hardware from the cursor to the end of the section. In order to modify a section of pipe, you must position the cursor to a valid point on the pipe drawing. These points are marked with a small circle. (If you cannot see any small circles on the drawing, click the Views button to make sure Show Node Start Markers is checked.)

Open Pipe Section and Paste It On Opens a pipe section file (*.sct) and pastes it onto the drawing at the cursor. In order to modify a section of pipe, you must position the cursor to a valid point on the pipe drawing. These points are marked with a small circle. (If you cannot see any small circles on the drawing, click the Views button to make sure Show Node Start Markers is checked.)

Paste Pipe Section This is only available after cutting or copying a section of pipe. Position the cursor to the end of the pipe where you wish to attach the pipe before selecting this option. In order to modify a section of pipe, you must position the cursor to a valid point on the pipe drawing. These points are marked with a small circle. (If you cannot see any small circles on the drawing, click the Views button to make sure Show Node Start Markers is checked.)

There are some restrictions on where the pipe section can be re-attached. The primary restriction concerns the take-off direction. Specifically, you can not save a horizontal section of pipe and then attach it in a vertical manner. In some cases where a section would not connect properly (e.g., pasting a section that starts with a fitting on a segment that ends with a fitting), a pipe segment will be inserted automatically so the section can be pasted. The new pipe segment will have a length of 1 foot (or 1 meter, if working in metric units).

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Delete ALL The Piping Deletes the entire isometric drawing except the container(s) and manifold. The software will ask you to confirm that you wish to perform this action.

Warning: You cannot undo this action once it is completed.

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Pipe Network Table

Pipe Network This screen allows you to edit the pipe network data created by the Isometric drawing. Because of its size, the entire table cannot be viewed in its entirety on the screen. To view the Nozzle Area column, you have two options:

y Scroll the table to the left until the column (at the far right of the table) comes into view. y Click the E.L. box (or other checkbox) just below the menu bar. This will hide the corresponding column and

allow the Nozzle Area column into view. You may hide or reveal various columns of the table to obtain a preferable view of the table.

Each row of data entry represents one segment in the pipe network. Information provided includes the start node and end node, pipe type, diameter, length of the segment, and elevation gained or lost. The number of fittings in the segment (90 elbows, bullhead tees, side tees, and unions) is then indicated, followed by any added equivalent length not taken into account by the fittings, the total calculated equivalent lengths, and the quantity of agent that is required to flow through the segment. The unit of measure used throughout the table is determined by the Setup Project screen. For segments ending in a nozzle, the last three columns provide nozzle information:

y the nozzle identification code (as defined in the Nozzle Table in the Enclosure Information window) y the nozzle type y the nozzle orifice area

Segment 1 (Node 0 to 1) always represents the container. The data for a container is contained in a table and is automatically entered in the Pipe Network table. The pipe diameter is the dip tube/valve diameter, the pipe length is the dip tube/valve length (which is also the elevation change for a vertical container), and the total equivalent length is the measured equivalent length of the dip tube/valve assembly. This data should not be changed in the Pipe Network table.

To complete the Pipe Network table: 1. Click the Default Pipe Diameters button. 2. Modify nozzle types as needed by clicking the corresponding cell in the Nozzle Type column and selecting the

appropriate type. 3. Select the Test Data button. Correct any errors as needed. 4. Click OK to continue.

Pull-down menus Several columns in the Pipe Network table feature pull-down menus. Since these menus contain only legitimate choices, it takes the 'guesswork' out when attempting to change data. To open the list of available choices for a cell, click on the cell. The pull-down menu will appear. Click on the down arrow key on the right edge of the cell. Highlight your choice from this menu to change. This feature is only available in the following columns:

y Type y Diameter y Others y Nozzle y Nozzle Type y Nozzle Area

To change data for other cells, type directly into the cell. Not all cells may be edited manually. The software will alert you if this is the case and suggest an alternative action.

Changes to the pipe network table do not take effect until you click or tab out of the changed cell.

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Pipe Network Toolbar Click on a button below for a description

Default the pipe diameter

Duplicate the pipe type

Duplicate the pipe diameter

Lock the system pipe

Unlock the system pipe

Test system integrity

Return to the Isometric Drawing

Save and and close the table

Duplicate The Pipe Type Will copy the pipe type from the active cell down the column.

Duplicate Pipe Diameters Will copy the pipe diameter from the active cell down the column until it hits a tee or nozzle.

Default Pipe Diameters The software will select the appropriate pipe diameter for each segment. These diameters are determined based on the flow rate of agent required through a given size pipe. The flow criteria used to select the diameters are shown in the corresponding Pipe Type table in the Tables menu, based on a nominal 10-second discharge. If two pipe diameters are capable of handling a flow rate, the smaller size is selected. The pipe diameters entered by using this button may be changed by clicking in the desired cell and selecting a new number from the pull-down list.

Pipe Locking The calc routine includes a pipe picking routine that accounts for pressure drop. This routine can be bypassed by locking the pipes. Any locked segments will not be picked. All segments with other objects in them must be locked. Regardless of whether the calc picks the pipes or not, each segment is required to have a diameter. This is done by clicking on the default diameter button or by manually entering diameters in the table. Segments that you do not want changed must be locked prior to running the calc. The calc can pick:

y nozzles only (all pipes locked) and y nozzles and some (or all) of the pipes.

The calc cannot pick pipes only.

For some systems, particularly small systems, the calc pipe picking may not pick pipes that result in a passing system. If this happens, a good thing to try is to default diameters in the interface, lock the pipe and then re-run the calc letting the calc pick nozzles.

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Test Data A routine is performed to check the integrity of the pipe network. This procedure verifies that

y all nodes end in a nozzle y all nozzles are valid y containers contain the proper amount of agent, and y that all pipe diameters are identified and valid, etc.

Unlike the PreCalc and Main calculation routines, it does not test the limits of the system.

View Column Individual columns of the Pipe Network table can be hidden by deselecting the corresponding check box. To restore the view, select the appropriate check box.

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Calculate With the information entered properly in each of the input sections and in the Pipe Network table, flow calculations can be performed.

The DOS calculation routine will run in the background by default. To view the routine, deselect the Minimize Precalc and/or Minimize Calc window options.

Perform PreCalc Calculations PreCalc results should not be submitted and system designs should not be based on PreCalc results. The printing of the PreCalc results is only offered as an aid to the designer. Warrning messages reported by PreCalc (e.g., minimum flow rate warnings) do not necessarily mean these conditions will result in the main calculations. If a few warnings are reported by PreCalc, you may still want to run the Main Calc before making changes to your system design.

Perform Main Calculations All error messages must be corrected before running the Main Calculations. After selecting, there will be a slight pause as the program switches to the calculation mode. The software will ask if you wish to save the file before the calculations are performed (in order to preserve the input data in the event of a program crash). We strongly suggest you answer YES to this question. As with the PreCalc routine, the software will also ask if you wish it to select new nozzle areas and overwrite any existing data in the Nozzle Area column before beginning the routine. The calculation will take a varying amount of time, depending on the type and size of system. In general, more complicated systems with a larger number of nozzles and branches will take longer than smaller, simpler ones. If a fatal error occurs during the run time, the message "Press Any Key To Continue" will appear. You should first press a key, then exit the software as outlined above. The system run should be re-checked to determine the cause of the error. You may also be returned to the software window if the calculation program detects input parameters which are outside of the design limitations of the software. For example, a typical limits warning occurs when selecting a nozzle orifice area too large for one of the nozzles. Selecting the ALT and ENTER keys simultaneously allows other Windows applications to be used while the calculation is running in the background. It should be noted, however, that running other applications during a flow calculation will significantly decrease the speed of the flow calculation.

Calc Results The report produced by the calc includes a report of system limits, so you can see if a system if approaching a limit. The report also provides some design suggestions to help make failing systems pass.

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Reports

If you make changes to your project, you must re-open each report to view the reflected changes.

You can have your own logo show up on reports by replacing the PAGEHEAD3.BMP file with your own logo. This will show up on pages of a Multiple Report printout (excluding Page 1).

Project Report Contains the information as entered in the Customer and Project Information screen.

Designer Notes Report Contains the information as entered in the Designer Notes screen.

Print Isometric Drawing Brings up a submenu of the twelve (12) isometric views. Highlight any selection to print.

Enclosure Report Contains the information as entered in the Enclosure screens.

Agent Source Report Contains the information as entered in the Agent Source screen.

Pipe Network Report Contains the information as it appears in the Pipe Network table.

Parts List Report Lists all the pipe, fittings, containers, nozzles, agent, and hardware components that were called out in the Pipe Network table. It will not include any valves or fittings that were entered in the Pipe Network as added equivalent length.

System Acceptance Report Contains information including the system discharge time, quantity of agent delivered to each enclosure, enclosure concentration, nozzle pressures, and any error messages that occurred during the calculation. This data must be compared to the system requirements to insure the system has been designed properly. The screen provides information which may be necessary in altering a system design to meet the required limits. This screen provides the calculated percent agent in pipe, defined as the total pipe volume/agent liquid volume ratio. It also indicates the percent agent before the first tee, defined as the ratio between pipe volume before the first tee in a system and the agent liquid volume. These numbers can be referred to if a limit is exceeded as a guide in making the appropriate changes to the pipe network. The top of the report indicates the calculated system discharge time followed by the calculated percent agent in the pipe and percent agent before the first tee. Scrolling down, you will find the minimum and adjusted design concentrations of the agent, along with the predicted concentration for each enclosure, as obtained from the calculation. For each nozzle in an enclosure, the minimum and adjusted agent required is given, followed by the predicted agent delivered and the predicted average nozzle pressure during the discharge. Any warnings or errors that were encountered during execution of the calculation procedure will be written on the System Acceptance Report. If an error message appears, the pipe network should be adjusted and re-calculated until the network falls within the system limits.

Multiple Reports Selection Each individual section of the Project Information report can be printed by selecting it from the Report menu. The Multiple Reports Selection option makes it easier to print specific sections with one command.

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Export Report You can export any report to Portable Document Format (PDF) or Rich Text Format (RTF).

1. Open the report you wish to export. 2. Select File > Export Report. 3. Name the file and specify its saved location. 4. Click OK to export and save the file.

Files saved as Portable Document Format (PDF) require Adobe Acrobat Reader to view.

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Tables Contains information that is used elsewhere in the program. There is no need to add or change the data in these tables; they are provided for information only.

Containers The Containers table lists all the information on the containers that the software uses to carry out its calculations. This information includes:

y the allowable fill range y the equivalent length of the dip tube/valve assembly y the part number, etc.

Information is accessed by the program from this table automatically when necessary.

Pipe Types A list of the available pipe types used by the software can be viewed from the Tables pull-down menu. Specific information about a particular pipe type can be viewed by highlighting its description from this menu.

Nozzles A list of the available nozzles used by the software can be viewed from the Tables pull-down menu. Specific information about a particular nozzle can be viewed by highlighting its description from this menu.

Other Pipe Objects Information about other objects (valves and fittings) that can be used in the pipe network are included here.

Atmospheric Correction Factors Adjustments used when calculating agent flow for enclosures not at sea level. This data is provided for information purposes only.

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Help Contents Displays the Contents page of the Help system.

Search for Help On Displays the Search page of the Help system.

For information about how to use Help, consult the Windows documentation supplied with your computer.

Distributor Information Displays the contact information about the distributor, which appears on all reports. You cannot edit this information.

About This Program Displays the 'splash screen' which also appears when the software is started. It contains specific information about this software, including the version number, serial number, revision numbers and copyright information.

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Troubleshooting

Error Messages Error Messages will appear when system input is found to be outside the bounds of the acceptable limits of the program. Warning Flags will show up after the calculations are performed on the given system. These flags will indicate results which are not in agreement with acceptable system performance parameters.

Maximum percent agent in pipe is exceeded The amount of agent in the pipe at a given time is greater than 80% of the initial agent liquid volume in the container(s).

Minimum orifice area to pipe area ratio not exceeded The ratio between the nozzle orifice area for a nozzle at the give node and the pipe cross-section area for the pip segment preceding that nozzle is less than 0.2 or 20%.

Maximum orifice area to pipe area ratio exceeded The ratio between the nozzle orifice area for a 360 nozzle at the given node and the pipe cross-sectional area for the pipe segment preceding that nozzle exceeds 0.72, or 72%. The ratio between the nozzle orifice area for a 180 nozzle at the given node and the pipe cross-sectional area for the pipe segment preceding that nozzle exceeds 0.66, or 66%.

Illegal tee orientation A bull tee or side tee is used in an improper orientation at the given node. All of the outlets must be in the same horizontal plane. This allows for the case of a bullhead tee with a vertical pipe as its inlet.

Minimum percent agent before the first tee is not exceeded The required amount before the first tee ranges from 7.9% at a total percent of agent in the pipe network between 0% and 47.95%, to 8.3% when the total percent of agent in the pipe network is between 47.95% and 66.92%, to 33.6% when the total percent of agent in the pipe network is between 66.92% and the upper limit of 80% (see design manual).

Maximum discharge time exceeded To insure rapid fire extinguishment and to limit the generation of acid gas decomposition products, the maximum discharge time (10 seconds) must not be exceeded.

Minimum discharge time not exceeded The minimum required discharge time for the system (6 seconds) was not exceeded.

Predicted agent concentration is below minimum design concentration The quantity of agent must be at least 100% of the design concentration required to insure effective fire extinguishment.

Container liquid run out has occurred before the pipe network has filled. The contents of the container has been released; however, the agent has not reached all nozzles in the pipe network.

Container pressure depleted before all liquid has discharged from system. This may occur when a nozzle in the system is placed hydraulically closer to the container than other nozzles. When one nozzle clears of liquid substantially sooner than another, that nozzle may deplete system pressure before liquid in another branch clears, leaving agent in the pipe.

Minimum avg nozzle pressure violation at nozzle X The nozzle pressure must be a minimum of 74 psig for the nozzle to effectively disperse the agent and mix the agent into the air in the target room.

Maximum of 120 branches and 20 nozzles exceeded. Input pipe network has more branches or nozzles than are allowed by the software.

Flow split at bull tee out of range The flow split for the bull tee at the given node exceeds the 70%/30% allowable split.

Flow split at side tee out of range

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The flow split for the side tee at the given node exceeds the 30% maximum allowed out the side outlet or does not exceed the 10% required minimum.

Minimum flow rate not exceeded The minimum flow rate for the pipe size of the given branch is not exceeded.

Maximum arrival time imbalance exceeded between nozzles X and Y. The difference between liquid arrival times at two of the nozzles exceeds the 0.8 second allowed maximum.

Maximum runout time imbalance exceeded between nozzles X and Y. The difference between nozzle liquid runout times at two of the nozzles exceeds the 2.0 second allowed maximum.

Choked flow feeding nozzle X If the piping leading to a nozzle is too small, relative to the nozzle orifice area, choked flow may occur in that branch. The nozzle is not controlling the flow in this branch and the calculated system data may be unreliable. The pipe network should be adjusted. The piping in the branch preceding the nozzle can be made larger, or the nozzle orifice area can be made smaller. Excessive pipe lengths may also be prone to choked flow.

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Resources

Web Support

For further assistance, including tips and updated drivers, visit us on the web at http://www.haifire.com/techsupport/

Keyboard Shortcuts Action Shortcut Copy pipe section Ctrl + C Cut pipe section Ctrl + X Paste pipe section Ctrl + V Edit isometric node Double-click node Reposition the isometric drawing (scroll)* Right-click and drag Reposition any report (scroll)* Click and drag *Does not affect printed reports.

Uninstalling 4. Click Start > Settings > Control Panel > Add/Remove Programs. 5. Select this software from the list of available programs. 6. Follow the on-screen instructions.

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Index A

About This Program .................................................................................................................... 39 Adjust............................................................................................................................................ 16

Volume ...................................................................................................................................... 16 Adjust Agent Required.......................................................................................................... 16, 19 Adjusted Design Concentration................................................................................................. 13 Agent Source ..................................................................................................................... 5, 19, 36 Agent Source Report................................................................................................................... 36 Atmospheric Correction Factors ................................................................................... 12, 16, 38 Auto button .................................................................................................................................. 16

C Calculate....................................................................................................................................... 35 Center button ............................................................................................................................... 27 Close ............................................................................................................................................. 36

System Acceptance Report window ...................................................................................... 36 Container Info .............................................................................................................................. 20 Container Name ........................................................................................................................... 20 Container Selection ..................................................................................................................... 20 Containers .................................................................................................................................... 38 Copy Downstream Pipe Section ................................................................................................ 29 Corresponding Pipe Type ........................................................................................................... 33 Create New Project ........................................................................................................................ 7 Cross-sectional............................................................................................................................ 40 Customer And Project Information............................................................................................ 11 Cut Downstream Pipe Section ................................................................................................... 29

D Default Pipe Diameters ............................................................................................................... 33 Default Pipe Diameters button ................................................................................................... 32 Default Pipe Type......................................................................................................................... 10 Delete ALL The Piping ................................................................................................................ 31 Delete Downstream Pipe Section............................................................................................... 30 Description ................................................................................................................................... 12 Design Concentrations ............................................................................................................... 13 Designer Name......................................................................................................................... 8, 11 Designer Notes ...................................................................................................................... 12, 36 Designer Notes Report................................................................................................................ 36 Duplicate Pipe Diameters ........................................................................................................... 33 Duplicate The Pipe Type ............................................................................................................. 33

E Edit Menu...................................................................................................................................... 27 EL ............................................................................................................................................ 24, 25

connecting ................................................................................................................................ 25 Elevation Above Sea Level ......................................................................................................... 12 Enclosure ..................................................................................................................................... 36 Enclosure Dimension .................................................................................................................. 13 Enclosure Information ............................................................................................................ 5, 13

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Enclosure Number/Name............................................................................................................ 13 Enclosure Report......................................................................................................................... 36 Enclosure Selection .................................................................................................................... 12 Enclosure Temperature .............................................................................................................. 13 Enter key....................................................................................................................................... 27 Equivalent Length Added ........................................................................................................... 24 Error Messages............................................................................................................................ 40 Export Report............................................................................................................................... 37

F F1................................................................................................................................................... 39 F1 key............................................................................................................................................ 39 Finish ............................................................................................................................................ 25 First Section ................................................................................................................................. 24

Manifold .................................................................................................................................... 24 Flags ............................................................................................................................................. 40

Warning..................................................................................................................................... 40 Flexhose ....................................................................................................................................... 24 FM-200 ...................................................................................................................................... 8, 10

H Halon 12A ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Help ............................................................................................................................................... 39 Help Contents .............................................................................................................................. 39

I Import Project ................................................................................................................................ 7 Important Notice ..............................................................................................................................i Inputs menu ................................................................................................................................... 5 Installation.................................................................................................................................... 21 Isometric................................................................................................................................. 19, 27 Isometric Drawing ................................................................................................................... 5, 27 Isometric Entry............................................................................................................................... 5

L Limits ............................................................................................................................................ 40

M Main Calculations ........................................................................................................................ 35 Main Calculations button............................................................................................................ 35 Main/Reserve................................................................................................................................ 19 Maintenance Manual ............................................................................................................. 13, 21 Manifold ............................................................................................................................ 19, 24, 25

First Section ............................................................................................................................. 24 Second Section ........................................................................................................................ 25

Manifold Edit ................................................................................................................................ 23 Manifold Edit Part 1 ..................................................................................................................... 23 Manifold Selection ....................................................................................................................... 21 Maximum runout.......................................................................................................................... 40 Messages...................................................................................................................................... 19

Warning..................................................................................................................................... 19 Minimum Design Concentration ................................................................................................ 13 Minimum Temperature ................................................................................................................ 16 Multiple Reports Selection ......................................................................................................... 36

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N Name field............................................................................................................................... 13, 23 New Agent Amount................................................................................................................ 16, 19

changing ................................................................................................................................... 16 New Project Preferences ........................................................................................................ 8, 11 Next ............................................................................................................................................... 20 NFPA 2002 .................................................................................................................................... 13 Nozzle Area ............................................................................................................................ 32, 35 Nozzle Information....................................................................................................................... 16 Nozzle Table ................................................................................................................................. 16 Nozzle Type .................................................................................................................................. 32 Nozzles ......................................................................................................................................... 13

Number of ................................................................................................................................. 13

O OK button ..................................................................................................................................... 36 Open................................................................................................................................................ 7

Existing Project .......................................................................................................................... 7 Most Recent................................................................................................................................ 7

Open Most Recent ......................................................................................................................... 7 Open Pipe Section ....................................................................................................................... 30 Operation................................................................................................................................ 13, 21 Options ......................................................................................................................................... 29 Options menu............................................................................................................................... 27 Original Agent Amount ............................................................................................................... 16

reset........................................................................................................................................... 16 Other Pipe Objects ...................................................................................................................... 38 Others field................................................................................................................................... 24 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 5

P Parts List Report.......................................................................................................................... 36 Paste It On .................................................................................................................................... 30 Paste Pipe Section ...................................................................................................................... 30 Perform Main Calculations ......................................................................................................... 35 Perform PreCalc Calculations .................................................................................................... 35 Pipe button ................................................................................................................................... 27 Pipe Length .................................................................................................................................. 24 Pipe Network .................................................................................................... 5, 21, 32, 34, 35, 36

How to complete ...................................................................................................................... 32 Pipe Network Report ................................................................................................................... 36 Pipe Network Table ..................................................................................................................... 10 Pipe Type............................................................................................................................ 8, 33, 38 PreCalc ......................................................................................................................................... 35

printing...................................................................................................................................... 35 Previous Version ........................................................................................................................... 7 Print Isometric Drawing .............................................................................................................. 36 Print These Results ..................................................................................................................... 36 Printing ......................................................................................................................................... 35

PreCalc...................................................................................................................................... 35 Project........................................................................................................................................... 12 Project Information................................................................................................................ 11, 36 Project Report .............................................................................................................................. 36

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R Report menu................................................................................................................................. 36 Reports ......................................................................................................................................... 36 Runout .......................................................................................................................................... 40

S Save Downstream Pipe Section ................................................................................................. 30 Sct file ........................................................................................................................................... 30 Second Section............................................................................................................................ 25

Manifold .................................................................................................................................... 25 Select Starting Point ................................................................................................................... 22 Set ........................................................................................................................................... 12, 16

Atmospheric Correction Factor.............................................................................................. 12 To New ...................................................................................................................................... 16

Setup Project................................................................................................................................ 10 Show Nozzles............................................................................................................................... 16 Standard Isometric View ............................................................................................................. 27 Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems ........................................................... 13 Startup Screen ............................................................................................................................... 7 Submenu ...................................................................................................................................... 36 System Acceptance Report ........................................................................................................ 36 System Acceptance Report window.......................................................................................... 36

T Tables ........................................................................................