KEYWORD LISTThe keyword list is updated every January 1. Authors are required to select 2–5 words that best describe thesubject matter of their paper from this list; words that are not on the list cannot be matched with the keywordschosen by reviewers.When listing keywords on the title page of your manuscript, do not include the explanatory material that

is within the parentheses. When you wish to specify, do so by using another keyword from the list. By usingmultiple keywords from the list you can narrow the focus of the subject matter (eg, Minimally invasive orLobectomy). [incl ¼ includes]

AAblative therapy (all modali-

ties, all applications)Acute respiratory distress syn-

drome, ARDSAdhesives(tissue,chemical,etc.)Adjuvant/neoadjuvant

therapyAdultAirway (incl related subjects)Allograft, homograftAnatomy (specify organ, loca-

tion, tissue, etc.)Anesthesia (incl related sub-

jects)Aneurysm (specify location)AngiogenesisAnimal modelAntibiotics, fungicides, anti-

viral agentsAntibody/antigenAorta/aorticAortic archAortic dissection (incl ulcers,

hematomas)Aortic operation (operation on

the aorta)Aortic rootAortic valve, repairAortic valve, replacementApoptosisArrhythmia (incl any except

AF)Arrhythmia therapy (incl abla-

tion, surgery, drugs)Artery/arteries (incl any periph-

eral artery)Artificial organsAtherosclerosisAtrial fibrillation (AF), flutterAtriumAutograft (specify tissue)Autonomic nervous system

BBiochemistry (incl proteomics)Bioengineering (inclmodeling)Biomaterials (incl tissue substi-

tutes)Bleeding; bleeding controlBlood (incl all constituents,

factors, preparation, conse-quences)

Blood, coagulation/anticoagula-tion

Blood substitutesBrain, anatomy, function, injury,

etc.Brain function studies, assess-

ment, imagingBronchial arteriesBronchial disease (incl injury,

stenosis, tumor)Bronchial endoscopy, ultra-

soundBronchial stentsBronchiolitis obliterans

Bronchoscopy/bronchus (inclnavigational)

CCalcification (specify location

or tissue)Cancer (specify organ or tissue)Cancer cell receptorsCardiac (use in combination)Cardiac anatomy/pathologic

anatomyCardiac catheterization/inter-

ventionCardiac function, physiologyCardiac tumors (incl primary,

metastatic)Cardiology/cardiologistCardiomyopathy (any cause)Cardiopulmonary bypass, CPB

(incl configurations)CPB, equipment (incl surface

coatings); componentsCPB, inflammatory response,

complicationsCPB, physiology/pathophysi-

ologyCarotid arteriesCell biology/culture/enginee-

ring/bioreactorsCell signaling, receptorsCell transplantationCerebral circulation (anatomy,

physiology, pathology)Cerebral complicationsCerebral protection (incl perfu-

sion, hypothermia)Chemotherapy (specify target)ChestChest wall (incl reconstruction)Chyle (incl all diseases related to

chyle)Circulatory hemodynamicsCirculatory support (incl desti-

nation therapy)Circulatory support devices

(LVAD, RVAD, BVAD, TAH)Circulatory temporary support

(incl mechanical, balloonpump)

Clinical trials (incl all designs)Coagulants (topical, systemic,

experimental)CoarctationCollateral blood flow (specify

location; eg, myocardium,brain)

Co-morbidity (specify organor system)

ComplementComputed tomography, CAT

scanComputer applications (incl

simulation, modeling, artifi-cial intelligence, fuzzy logic)

Congenital heart disease, CHDCHD, coronary arteriesCHD, Fontan, Glenn

CHD, great vessel anomalies;transposition

CHD, heterotaxyCHD, hypoplastic left heartsyndrome, Norwood oper-ation

CHD, in adultsCHD, miscellaneous (incl end-omyocardial fibrosis)

CHD, pulmonary arteriesCHD, Rastelli operationCHD, septal defectsCHD, tetralogy of FallotCHD, truncus arteriosusCHD, univentricular heartCHD, valve (lesions, repair,replacement)

CHD, vascular ringCoronary artery bypass grafts,CABG

CABG, arterial graftsCABG, new technologyCABG, venous graftsCoronary artery disease (path-ology, pharmacology, physi-ology, etc.)

Coronary artery imaging (allmodalities)

Coronary endarterectomyCoronary sinusCoronary stents, PCICoronary syndromesCysts (specify location)

DDatabase (incl use, related sub-

jects)Defibrillation (incl related sub-jects)

DeliriumDevice (refers to implanteddevices)

Diabetes mellitusDiaphragm (incl related sub-jects)

EEchocardiography (all modali-

ties, applications)Education (incl all levels,methods, trainees, subjects)

Electrophysiology (inclmapping, pathology)

Embolism (specify location,source, agent)

Embryology (embryo studies,operations)

Emergency (presentation, man-agement)

Emphysema/bullaeEmpyema (from any organism;management)

Endarterectomy (specify vessel)Endocarditis (all infectiousagents)

Endoscopy/endoscopicprocedures

Endothelium (incl related sub-jects)

Endovascular procedures/stents, except PCI

EpidemiologyEsophageal biology/pathology/staging

Esophageal cancerEsophageal congenital anoma-lies

Esophageal injury/perforation,stents

Esophagealmotility disordersEsophageal surgery, operationsEsophagoscopy/biopsy (inclfine needle biopsy)

EsophagusEsophagus, Barrett’sEsophagus, benign disease (incldiverticula)

EthicsExercise (incl testing, therapy)Extracorporeal membraneoxygenation, ECMO

FFetal surgery/researchFibrin/fibrosisFinite element analysisFistula (specify location ororgan)

Foreign body (specify location)

GGastroesophageal reflux,GERDGenderGenes/polymorphisms/micro-arrays

Gene therapyGenetics, genomicsGeriatric (incl elderly)

HHealth economics (cost analysis,

insurance, relative value)Health policy (incl governmentregulation, ObamaCare)

Health professional affairs,advocacy, regulation

Health provider (arrangements,delivery/reimbursements)

Heart failureHeart failure operations (exc-ludes circulatory support)

Heart valve, autograft (incltissue-engineered valves)

Heart valve, transapical, percu-taneous

Heart valves, multipleHeart valve prosthesis (specifytype; eg, mechanical, bio-prosthetic, etc.)

HematologyHemoptysisHemothorax(inclmanagement)Hernias (specify location)Hiatal hernia

July 2013 INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS A-25

Histology (specify tissue)HistoryHormones (systemic, tissue or

cellular)Hydatid diseaseHyperhidrosisHypertrophic obstructive card-

iomyopathyHypothermia/circulatory arrestHypoxia/reoxygenation

IImaging (all modalities; specify

target)ImmunochemistryImmunologyInfantInfection (specify agent and loc-

ation)Inflammation, systemicInflammatory cells (neutro-

phils, monocytes, macro-phages)

Inflammatory inhibitorsInflammatory mediators (eg,

cytokines, cytotoxins, metal-loproteinases)

Interstitial lung diseaseIntralesional therapy (eg, cryo,

radiofrequency, brachy, ultr-asonic, etc.)

In vitro studies (models, mode-ling, test apparatus, bench-work, etc.)

Ischemia (specify organ ortissue)

Ischemia/reperfusion injury(specify organ or tissue)

KKidney, renal function failure,

dialysis

LLarynx (incl related subjects)Learning aids (all methods,

including CME)Liver, abdominal organsLobectomy, segmentectomy,

wedge resectionLungLung, benign or congenital

lesionsLung cancer, biology (incl anti-

gens, markers, receptors)Lung cancer, diagnosis (incl

staging, imaging, fiducials)Lung cancer, neuroendocrine

(incl carcinoid, small cell)Lung cancer clinical trialsLung cancer surgeryLung infectionLung pathologyLung physiologyLung volume reductionLymph nodes (specify location)

MMagnetic resonance imaging,

MRIMalpracticeMediastinal infectionMediastinal lymph nodesMediastinal tumor(incl thymus)MediastinoscopyMediastinumMesothelioma (incl related sub-

jects)

Metabolism (incl cell, organ,or body)

Metastases/metastasectomy(specify primary and metlocations)

Microvascular surgeryMinimally invasive surgery

(incl all applications)Mitral regurgitation (incl all

etiologies)Mitral systolic anterior

motion, SAMMitral valveMitral valve repairMitral valve replacementModeling (computer, mathe-

matical, statistical, etc.)Molecular biologyMyasthenia gravisMyocardial infarction (incl

complications; eg, rupture)Myocardial injury (incl blunt,

penetrating, iatrogenic)Myocardial ischemia,

ischemic cardiomyopathyMyocardial mechanics (eg,

stress, strain, contractility,etc.)

Myocardial metabolismMyocardial morphologyMyocardial protection/cardio-

plegiaMyocardial remodeling (re-

shaping, constraining, ven-triculectomy)

MyocardiumMyxoma

NNeonateNerves, cranial or peripheralNeurocognitive deficits (incl

related subjects)Neuroendocrine tumorNeurological testing, studiesNeurology/neurologic (deficits,

disease, injury)Nitric oxideNursing (all aspects)Nutrition

OObesity (incl related subjects)Off-pump surgeryOrgan donormanagement (incl

related subjects)Organ preservationOrgan regenerationOutcomes (incl mortality, mor-

bidity, survival, etc.)

PPacemaker (incl related sub-

jects)Pacing, resynchronization/bive-

ntricular/all modalitiesPain (incl related subjects)Pathology (specify organ or

tissue)Pathophysiology (specify organ

or system)Patient safetyPectus excavatum, carinatumPediatricPerfusion (specify organ or

tissue)Pericardium (incl related sub-

jects)

Perioperative care (refers tointraoperative care)

Peripheral vascular disease(all non-thoracic arteries,except carotid)

Pharmacology (specify targetdisease, organ or cell)

Phrenic nerve (incl relatedsubjects)

Physiology (specify organ orsystem)

Plasma lipids, statinsPlatelets (incl inhibitors andrelated subjects)

Pleura (incl fibrosis, decorti-cation, tumor)

Pleural airleak/effusionPleural space (drainage, man-agement)

PneumonectomyPneumothoraxPositron emission tomography,PET

Postoperative carePractice guidelines (specifysubject)

Preconditioning (specify organ)PregnancyPrematurityPreoperative care (incl relatedsubjects)

Prosthesis (specify organ ortissue)

Pulmonary arteries/veins (inclnormal and diseased)

Pulmonary embolism, endar-terectomy

Pulmonary function (incl tes-ting)

Pulmonary valve (incl pros-thetic valves)

Pulmonary vascular resistance/hypertension

QQuality care, managementQuality of life (surveys, assess-mentmethods, etc.)

RRadiation-inducedheartdiseaseRadiation therapy (incl allmodalities)

Rehabilitation (within and out-side hospital)

Rejection (immunologic; specifyorgan)

Reoperation (specify organ orsite)

Restenosis (specify tissue)Resuscitation (incl in- or out-of-hospital methods and de-vices)

Revascularization(specifyorganor tissue)

Rheumatic diseaseRobotics (incl applications, rel-ated subjects)

Ross operation

SSarcoma (specify tissue or

organ)Shock (systemic, cardiac orcirculatory)

Shunts (specify anatomic loca-tion)

SmokingSpinal cord, paraplegia, relatedsubjects

StatisticsStatistics, BayesianStatistics, clinical trialStatistics, meta analysisStatistics, propensitymatchingStatistics, regression analysisStatistics,riskanalysis/modelingStatistics, survival analysisStem cells (incl related sub-jects)

Stents (specify location)Sternum (incl related subjects)StrokeSurgery, complicationsSurgery/incisions/exposure/te-chniques

Surgical equipment (instru-ments, sutures, etc.)

Sympathectomy, sympath-otomy

TThoracic duct (incl related sub-

jects)Thoracic outletThoracoplastyThoracoscopy/VATSThoracotomyThrombosis (specify location)ThymectomyThymomaThymusTissue engineering (incl valves,tissue, related subjects)

TracheaTracheal injuryTracheal stenosisTracheal surgery, stentsTracheal tumorTracheostomyTransplantation, heart (inclrelated subjects)

Transplantation, heart-lung(incl related subjects)

Transplantation, lung (inclrelated subjects)

Trauma (incl related subjects)Trauma, bluntTrauma, penetratingTricuspid valve (incl relatedsubjects)

Tuberculosis (incl related sub-jects)

Tumor (specify location)Tumormarkers (incl fiducials)

UUltrasound (all applications)

VVascular science (biochemistry,

pharmacology, pathology,etc.)

Vascular tone and reactivityVenous diseaseVentilation (incl related sub-jects)

Ventricle, leftVentricle, right

WWound closure, healing, dehis-

cence (incl related subjects)Wound infection (incl relatedsubjects)

XXenograft (incl related sub-

jects)

A-26 INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS July 2013