key teacher's resources

72 ESSENTIAL GEOGRAPHY 3 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S.L.

NAME: DATE: CLASS: NAME:

REINFORCEMENT 1Interpreting photographs1 ACTIVITY SHEET 11 Analyze environmental change. Compare each pair of photos.

A

C

B

D

Spatial elements:

Description:

Explain the changes that occurred between photos A and B:

Spatial elements:

Description:

Spatial elements:

Description:

Explain the changes that occurred between photos C and D:

Spatial elements:

Description:

310335 _ 0072-0127.indd 72 16/06/11 11:43

MCGTextoVegetation

MCGTextoIn general, there is a lot of

MCGTextoMountainside. Steep terrain

MCGTextoA very large strip of land has no trees.

MCGTextovegetation except for one small area.

MCGTextoYou can see three roads now.

MCGTextoplace. Perhaps the trees were sold for firewood or for construction purposes.

MCGTextoCoastline and beach areas

MCGTextoCoastline, streets, buildings

MCGTextoMost of the coastal area is

MCGTextonatural, but there are some buildings and roads.

MCGTextoMost of the coastal area has

MCGTextobuildings and roads.

MCGTextoIntensive urban development has

MCGTextotaken place. As a result, there are few natural areas or forests in picture D.

MCGTypewriterDeforestation and road construction have taken

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Continents

Oceans

310335U1A2p73 oceanos y contientes

310335 _ 0072-0127.indd 7316/06/11 11:43

MCGTextoNorth

MCGTextoAmerica

MCGTextoAtlantic Ocean

MCGTextoAfrica

MCGTextoPacific Ocean

MCGTextoSouth

MCGTextoAmerica

MCGTextoEurope

MCGTextoAsia

MCGTextoIndian Ocean

MCGTextoAntarctica

MCGTextoOceania

MCGTextoPacific Ocean

MCGTextoArctic Ocean

MCGTextoSouth Atlantic Ocean


NAME: CLASS: DATE:

REINFORCEMENT

NAME:

ACTIVITY SHEET 3 11 Creating bar and line graphs

PRECIPITATION(In mm)

TEMPERATURE(In C)

J F M A M Jn Jl A S O N D

0

MOSCOW-RUSSIAN FEDERATION

02010402060308040100

-10-20-30

120140160180200220240260280300320340


TEMPERATURE(In C)


0

ROME-ITALY

02010402060308040100

-10-20-30

120140160180200220240260280300320340


TEMPERATURE(In C)


0

CAIRO-EGYPT

02010402060308040100

-10-20-30

120140160180200220240260280300320340


TEMPERATURE(In C)


0

MANAUS-BRAZIL

02010402060308040100

-10-20-30

120140160180200220240260280300320340

P mm

T C

J

-10.3

34.4

F

-9.1

29

M

-4.1

32.7

A

4.4

38.2

M

12.2

51

Jn

16.3

65.6

Jl

18.5

81.5

A

16.7

71.8

S

10.9

57.7

O

4.2

50.4

N

-2

44.1

D

-7.5

42.4

MOSCOW

P mm

T C

J

7.2

80

F

8.3

70.9

M

10.5

68.6

A

13.7

66.8

M

17.8

51.5

Jn

21.7

34.1

Jl

24.4

16.3

A

24.1

24.4

S

20.9

69.2

O

16.6

113.3

N

11.7

110.7

D

8.4

97.1

ROME

P mm

T C

J

13.8

5.1

F

15.2

3.8

M

17.4

3.7

A

21.4

1.5

M

24.7

1

Jn

27.3

0.2

Jl

27.9

0

A

27.9

0

S

26.3

0

O

23.7

1

N

19.1

2.5

D

15.1

5.7

CAIRO

P mm

T C

J

26

263.9

F

26

262

M

25.9

297.9

A

26

282.7

M

26.2

203.7

Jn

26.3

103.1

Jl

26.5

66.9

A

27.2

45.6

S

27.5

63

O

27.5

111.1

N

27.1

161

D

26.6

219.8

MANAUS

310335U1A3p74 climogramas

1 Present climate data in a graph. Show temperatures as lines and precipitation as bars.

310335 _ 0072-0127.indd 74 16/06/11 11:43

MCGCaja de texto

Students transfer data onto the graphsto chart temperature and precipitation.


NAME: CLASS: DATE:

REINFORCEMENTACTIVITY SHEET 4

Creating a pie chart1


TEMPERATURE(In C)


0

MOSCOW-RUSSIAN FEDERATION

02010402060308040100

-10-20-30

120140160180200220240260280300320340


TEMPERATURE(In C)


0

ROME-ITALY

02010402060308040100

-10-20-30

120140160180200220240260280300320340


TEMPERATURE(In C)


0

CAIRO-EGYPT

02010402060308040100

-10-20-30

120140160180200220240260280300320340


TEMPERATURE(In C)


0

MANAUS-BRAZIL

02010402060308040100

-10-20-30

120140160180200220240260280300320340

P mm

T C

J

-10.3

34.4

F

-9.1

29

M

-4.1

32.7

A

4.4

38.2

M

12.2

51

Jn

16.3

65.6

Jl

18.5

81.5

A

16.7

71.8

S

10.9

57.7

O

4.2

50.4

N

-2

44.1

D

-7.5

42.4

MOSCOW

P mm

T C

J

7.2

80

F

8.3

70.9

M

10.5

68.6

A

13.7

66.8

M

17.8

51.5

Jn

21.7

34.1

Jl

24.4

16.3

A

24.1

24.4

S

20.9

69.2

O

16.6

113.3

N

11.7

110.7

D

8.4

97.1

ROME

P mm

T C

J

13.8

5.1

F

15.2

3.8

M

17.4

3.7

A

21.4

1.5

M

24.7

1

Jn

27.3

0.2

Jl

27.9

0

A

27.9

0

S

26.3

0

O

23.7

1

N

19.1

2.5

D

15.1

5.7

CAIRO

P mm

T C

J

26

263.9

F

26

262

M

25.9

297.9

A

26

282.7

M

26.2

203.7

Jn

26.3

103.1

Jl

26.5

66.9

A

27.2

45.6

S

27.5

63

O

27.5

111.1

N

27.1

161

D

26.6

219.8

MANAUS

310335U1A3p74 climogramas

1 Present data with a pie chart. Colour the pie charts.

Red

Brown

Black

Blue

Green

Orange

Red

Brown

Black

Blue

Green

Orange

Red

Green

Orange

Blue

310335U1A4P75_produ_consumo_energia

ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN SPAIN

DISTRIBUTION OF WATER CONSUMPTION IN SPAIN

ENERGY PRODUCTION IN SPAIN

Coal 20.9%

Nuclearenergy 50.2%

Oil 0.8%

Natural gas 0.9%

8.2%

Alternativeenergies 19%

Irrigation 68%

Urban 14%

Cooling 14%

Industry 4%

Hydroelectricenergy

Coal 14.9%

Nuclearenergy 11.7%

Oil 50%

Natural gas 17.4%

1.9%

Alternativeenergies 4.4%

Hydroelectricenergy

310335 _ 0072-0127.indd 75 16/06/11 11:43

MCGCaja de textoStudents transfer data from the tables onto the pie charts. They label the segments.They use the keyto colour the pie charts.Note: Percentages were obtained from several sources, so the total adds up to more than 100%.


NAME: CLASS: DATE:

ACTIVITY SHEET 5 REINFORCEMENT

Political concepts21 Describe state characteristics. Complete each sentence with the correct concept.

constitution - dictatorship - monarchy - universal suffrage - secular

separation of powers - executive - judicial - legislative - federal

a. The government is the branch.

b. A state in which the head of state is a king is called a .

c. One of the characteristics of a democracy is the .

d. A occurs when the power resides in one person or group.

e. Parliament is the branch.

f. A state is made up of various states under the same constitution.

g. states are those in which there is separation of church and state.

h. means that all citizens of legal age can vote to elect their representatives.

i. The is the highest law in states ruled by law.

j. Judges and courts are the branch.

2 Tick the definition of state that you consider correct. Explain your choice.

a. A political and administrative unit which governs a territory.

b. A group of people with a common language, culture and history.

c. Non-sovereign territory.

3 List three characteristics that define a state.

1.

2.

3.

4 Describe state functions. Answer the questions.

What are the functions of the state?

Do all states carry out the same functions?

MCGTextoexecutive

MCGTextomonarchy

MCGTextoseparation of powers

MCGTextodictatorship

MCGTextolegislative

MCGTextofederal

MCGTextoSecular

MCGTextoUniversal suffrage

MCGTextoconstitution

MCGTextojudicial

MCGLpiz

MCGLpiz

MCGTextoOption 'a' is best because it refers to a 'territory' and its government. Option 'b' makes no reference

MCGTextoA territory with internationally-recognised borders.

MCGTextoA permanent population which is governed by the same government and the same laws.

MCGTextoSymbols that identify it, like a flag, a capital, a national anthem and currency.

MCGTextoIt maintains order within its borders, defends its territory and

MCGTextopopulation, passes laws to regulate life in the state and resolve conflicts, establishes international

MCGTexto

MCGTextorelations, provides basic services and regulates the economy.

MCGTextoWelfare states intervene more in the economy. They try to

MCGTextoprovide a good standard of living for all and increase equality among their citizens.

MCGTexto

MCGTextoto the territory. Option 'c' is non-sovereign, so it is not independent like a state.


NAME: CLASS: DATE:

ACTIVITY SHEET 6 REINFORCEMENT

The United Nations2 The United Nations2

promotes

promotes

promotes

promotes

promotes

promotes

Characteristics of the United Nations

Date founded

Number of members

Headquarters

Main bodies

Principal objectives

Specialized agencies and programmes

Weak points

1 Describe the United Nations. Complete the chart.

2 Label the photos.

A B C D

MCGTexto1945.

MCGTexto192 in 2011.

MCGTextoNew York City, N. Y. The United States.

MCGTextoThe General Assembly.

MCGTextoThe Secretariat.

MCGTextoThe Security Council.

MCGTextoTo support human rights.

MCGTextoTo maintain peace.

MCGTextoTo promote international cooperation.

MCGTextoUNICEF

MCGTextoFAO

MCGTextoWHO

MCGTextochildren's rights and health.

MCGTextoprogrammes to defeat hunger.

MCGTextohigh levels of health for all.

MCGTextoUNESCO

MCGTextocooperation in science, education, culture, etc.

MCGTextoUNHCR

MCGTextoprotection of refugees.

MCGTextoILO

MCGTextodecent working conditions.

MCGTextoFive countries can veto its decisions.

MCGTextoIt depends on its members for its budget.

MCGTextoIt has no troops of its own.

MCGTextoThe UN seal

MCGTextoThe General Assembly

MCGTextoThe Secretariat

MCGTextoUN headquarters


The states of the world2NAME: CLASS: DATE:

CHECK YOUR PROGRESSACTIVITY SHEET 7

The Spanish government responded with indignation to the occupation of the uninhabited island of Perejil, near Ceuta, by a unit of Moroccan soldiers who had raised their national flag on the island.

The Spanish-French treaty of 1912, which marked the area of the Spanish Protectorate of Morocco, makes no reference to Perejil, but after the formation of the Protec-torate, the island passed to Spain.

In the early 1990s, Morocco protested because Perejil was included in the draft of the Statute of Autonomy of Ceuta, but ultimately it was not included in the final version. Spain continues to consider that the island is under its sovereignty. However, the island is located in Moroccan territorial waters.

Adapted from El Pas Digital, 12 July 2002.

1 Interpret a map and a newspaper article.

a. Look up sovereignty in a dictionary and copy the definition in your notebook.

b. On what grounds does Spain claim sovereignty over Perejil Island?

c. On what grounds does Morocco claim sovereignty over the island?

2 Understand the concept state territory.

a. Read pages 11 and 21 of your textbook. Then choose a title, and complete the chart with the following terms.

b. Read page 14 in your textbook. Then summarize the functions carried out by the state.

1. Economy: the state ...

regulates and

provides ,

such as

2. International relationships:

3. Order and defence:

Terms:

Subsoil

Territorial waters

Territory

Land

Airspace

Boundaries

Permanent population

Ceuta

Tangier

Strait of Gi

braltar

Perejil

MOROCCO

SPAIN

330985p6

MCGTextoThe power a countryhas to govern itself.

MCGTextoSpanish-French treaty of 1912.

MCGTextoIt is in Moroccan territorial waters.

MCGTextoterritory

MCGTextoterritorial waters

MCGTextoairspace

MCGTextosubsoil

MCGTextoland

MCGTextoA state

MCGTextoboundaries

MCGTextopermanent population

MCGTextothe economy

MCGTextobasic services

MCGTextoeducation and health.

MCGTextoruns embassies, makes agreements, joins international organizations.

MCGTextoIt defends the territory and the population from agression.

MCGTypewriterIt maintains order in the territory.


NAME: CLASS: DATE:

2 CHECK YOUR PROGRESSACTIVITY SHEET 8The states of the world1 Identify types of states.

a. Tick the characteristics of a dictatorship.

Power is concentrated in the Parliament.

Power is concentrated in one person or a group.

The citizens elect their representatives.

The president holds the executive, legislative and judicial power.

b. Describe democratic states.

A can be written or unwritten, but it always guarantees citizens certain rights and defines the relationships between the legislative, executive and judiciary branches of a state, thus establishing the basis for its government.

In a democracy are held periodically to choose representatives to exercise the executive and legislative powers of a state, regardless of whether it is a monarchy or a republic.

2 Identify and compare countries of the world.

a. Use the political map on pages 12 and 13 in your textbook to identify the countries in white. Label each one.

b. Complete with the name of the country.

1. The largest country in America: ; in Asia: ;

in Africa ; in Europe: ; in Oceania: .

2. The most powerful country in America: ; in Asia: ;

in Africa ; in Europe: ; in Oceania: .

3. Say why you think these countries are powerful.

3 Create a state, and hold an election. Work in groups. Decide the type of state, form political parties, draft an electoral program, a list of representatives, make a ballot box and ballots, rules for counting votes, etc.

P AC I F I C

OC EAN

A T L AN T I C

OC EAN

I ND I AN

OCEAN

310335U2A7p78-79_estados_mundo

P AC I F I C

OC EAN

MCGLnea

MCGLnea

MCGLnea

MCGLnea

MCGTextoconstitution

MCGTextoelections

MCGLlamadaThe United States

MCGLlamadaCanada

MCGLlamadaMexico

MCGLlamadaBrazil

MCGLlamadaArgentina

MCGLlamadaGermany

MCGLlamadaUkraine

MCGLlamadaChina

MCGLlamadaIndia

MCGLlamadaIndia

MCGLlamadaSpain

MCGLlamadaEgypt

MCGLlamadaSaudi Arabia

MCGLlamadaKenya

MCGLlamadaNigeria

MCGLlamadaIraq

MCGLlamadaThe United States

MCGTextoCanada

MCGTextoRussia

MCGTextoSudan, S.Sudan

MCGTextoFrance

MCGTextoAustralia

MCGTextothe USA

MCGTextoThey have a strong economy and / or military

MCGTextopower.

MCGTextoChina

MCGTextoFrance

MCGTextoAustralia

MCGTextoSouth Africa

MCGTextoIndividual and group answers. Students use information from this unit to define their state.

MCGTypewriterM. A.


NAME: CLASS: DATE:

REINFORCEMENT

NAME:

ACTIVITY SHEET 9

Stages of EU enlargement 33

310335U3A9P80_Incorporacion UE

STAGES OF EU ENLARGEMENT

Europe of the 6 (1958)Yellow

Europe of the 10 (1981)Lightgreen

Europe of the 12 (1986)Red

Europe of the 9 (1973)Orange

Incorporation of the GermanDemocratic Republic (1990)

Orangestripes

Europe of the 15 (1995)Darkgreen

Europe of the 27 (2007)Darkpurple

Europe of the 25 (2004)Lightpurple

Euro zone

1 Show the stages of enlargement. Colour the map. Label the six original member countries and their capitals. 1 Colour the map and complete the table. Use a political map and your Students Book for reference.

2 Describe the enlargement process.

In 1958, there were six countries in the EU: France, Italy, .

In 1973, countries joined. Then, in 1981, joined.

3 Identify organizations. Write the complete name of each organization.

ECSC:

EEC:

EU:

4 Define concepts. Match each concept with the features related to it. Write a, b or c.

a. economic union b. political union c. social cohesion

1. common currency 3. development of regions and poorer sectors

2. common economic policies 4. agreements in foreign and defensive policy

310335 _ 0072-0127.indd 80 16/06/11 11:43

MCGCaja de textoSee Doc. 10, Student's Book, page 31.

MCGTextoGermany, Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands.

MCGTexto

MCGTextothree

MCGTextoGreece

MCGTextoEuropean Union

MCGTextoEuropean Economic Community

MCGTextoEuropean Coal and Steel Community

MCGTextoa

MCGTextoa

MCGTextob

MCGTextoc


NAME: CLASS: DATE:


Territorial differences in Spain31 Colour the map and complete the table. Use a political map and your Students Book for reference.

Red

Yellow

Green

GDP per capita 2006

Average: 22,300

Less than 20,000

20,000 to 24,000

310335U3A10p81_PIB por habitante

More than 24,000 andless than 32,000

0 77

km

Low GDP per capita

Classification of autonomous communities by GDP per capita

High GDP per capita

Average GDP per capita

The GDP per capita was

in these provinces: .





310335 _ 0072-0127.indd 81 16/06/11 11:43

MCGCaja de textoSee Doc. 15, Student's Book, page 34 for a model of the completed map.

MCGTextobetween 24,000 and 32,000

MCGTextoMadrid, Barcelona, Guipuzcoa, Vizcaya, Alava, Navarra,

MCGTextobetween 20,000 and 24,000

MCGTextoBurgos, Zaragoza, Lleida, Girona, Tarragona and Baleares

MCGTextoCastelln, Valencia, Almera,Teruel, Huesca, Soria,

MCGTextoAsturias, Cantabria, Palencia, Valladolid, Segovia, La Rioja

MCGTextoless than 20,000

MCGTextoLa Corua, Lugo, Pontevedra, Ourense, Leon, Zamora, vila,

MCGTextoSalamanca, Cceres, Bdajoz, Toledo, Ciudad Real,

MCGTextoGuadalajara, Cuenca, Albacete, Murcia, Huelva, Sevilla, Crdoba, Jan, Cdiz, Mlaga, Granada.

MCGCaja de textoAs the GDP per capital may vary within an autonomous community, analysis by provinces may show differences more clearly.


NAME: CLASS: DATE: NAME:

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

Political organization 33 ACTIVITY SHEET 11

310335U3A11-12p82-83_Stages of EU enlargement

STAGES OF EU ENLARGEMENT

Europe of the 6 (1958)Yellow

Europe of the 10 (1981)Lightgreen

Europe of the 12 (1986)Red

Europe of the 9 (1973)Orange

Incorporation of theGerman DemocraticRepublic (1990)

Orangestripes

Europe of the 15 (1995)Darkgreen

Europe of the 27 (2007)Darkpurple

Europe of the 25 (2004)Lightpurple

1 Analyze the EU. Colour and complete the map. Answer the questions.

a. How many countries are members of the EU today?

b. Write the name of at least one candidate country and its capital.

2 Describe the EU Institutional Triangle. Complete the table.

Institution Components Functions

European Commission

Council of the European Union

European Parliament

3 Comment on EU history. Mark each sentence true (T) or false (F). If the sentence is false, correct it.

a. The EU started with post WWII cooperation between some European countries.

b. In 1957, seven countries decided to combine some of their energy resources.

c. The European Parliament represents both EU citizens and non-EU citizens.

d. The EU aims to include the social and political integration of its members.

e. The Treaty of Rome took measures for free movement of workers.

f. The EU does not have a constitution.

310335 _ 0072-0127.indd 82 16/06/11 11:43

MCGCaja de textoSee Doc 10, Student's Book, page 31 for a model of thecompleted map.

MCGTextoTwenty-seven.

MCGTextoCroatia - capital, Zagreb.

MCGTextoSerbia - capital, Belgrade. Macedonia - capital, Skopje.

MCGTextoOne commissioner permember state.

MCGTextoRepresents and directs the EU.

MCGTextoGuardian of the Treaties.

MCGTextoPasses laws; approves budgets.Signs international agreements.

MCGTextoRepresents member states.Permanent president.

MCGTextoRepresents EU citizens.

MCGTexto751 members elected byuniversal suffrage.

MCGTextoF

MCGTextob. In 1951. c. It represents EU citizens. e. The Treaty of Maastricht.

MCGTextoT

MCGTextoF

MCGTextoT

MCGTextoF

MCGTextoF

MCGTextof. The 2004 Constitution was amended.The result was the Treaty of Lisbon.


NAME: CLASS: DATE:

Political organizationCHECK YOUR PROGRESS3 ACTIVITY SHEET 12

1 Read about EU enlargement, and answer the questions.

a. What did many Europeans think about EU enlargement in 2000?

b. Which countries were against it? What reasons did they give?

2 Analyze the distribution of GDP in Spain. Answer the questions.

a. How many autonomous communities were below the average GDP? Which ones?

b. How many were above the average? Which ones?

c. What reasons can you give for these differences?

d. How do these differences reflect the principle of solidarity between Autonomous Communities?

3 Group work: Create a new treaty for the extended EU. Discuss rules for new members. Write a draft.

According to a survey which was taken in 2000, 53% of EU citizens believed that the eastward enlargement would be too expensive. Only 44% of Europeans clearly supported the process. Only 26% considered it a priority. Austria, France and Germany were the main opposition group.

This official European survey indicates clear financial cost concerns about eastward enlargement. This fact is especially obvious among the major contributors to the EU funds, like Germany, and among countries like Spain, which risk losing a good part of the European funds they receive today to the new poorer members.

Adapted from El Pas, 30 April 2001.

310335U3A12 GDP per capita

50 to 80

80 to 100

GDP PER CAPITA (In Euros)(In 2005 Purchasing Power Parity)(European Union (EU-25) average = 100; Average for Spain = 98)

100 to 120

More than 120

310335 _ 0072-0127.indd 83 16/06/11 11:43

MCGTexto50% thought that adding

MCGTextoeastern European countries was going to be expensive.

MCGTextoLess than half were in favour of expansion.

MCGTextoMajor contributors to EU funds,

MCGTextolike Germany, did not want to spend more money. Countries like Spain, which

MCGTextoreceived EU funds, did not want to lose those funds to the newer members.

MCGTextoTen. Galicia, Andalusia, Castilla - La Mancha

MCGTextoExtremadura, Castilla y Leon, Valencia,

MCGTextoMurcia, Asturias, Cantabria, Canary Islands.

MCGTextoSeven. Madrid, Catalonia, La Rioja,

MCGTextoThe Basque Country, Navarra,

MCGTextoAragon, La Rioja, the Balearic Islands.

MCGTextoThe ones with above-average GDP are more

MCGTextoindustrialized and populated. The others

MCGTextoare agricultural and have smaller populations.

MCGTypewriterM. A. This principle exists in Spain. However, there are still big differences in GDP

MCGTypewriterbetwee the different Autonomous Communities.

MCGTextoIndividual and group answers. Students can refer to the features of earlier treaties.

MCGTextoSee Students Book, page 28.


NAME: CLASS: DATE:

REINFORCEMENT

NAME:

4ACTIVITY SHEET 13Economic concepts41 Define concepts. Match each concept with its definition.

a. Distribution 1. The goods and services created from economic activity.

b. Consumption 2. The process of moving economic products to the consumer.

c. Production 3. The goods and services that people buy for their needs.

2 Compare employment rates. Study the chart and answer the questions.

*The employment rate is the number of employed people divided by the total active population.

a. What regions have the highest employment rate?

b. Developed countries have an employment rate of over 40%. Why do some regions have a rate lower than 40%?

c. What types of countries have low employment rates, developed or less developed? What conclusions can

you reach?

d. Are there many differences between male and female employment rates? Why?

e. What regions have the lowest female employment rate? And the highest? What conclusions can you reach?

f. Do you think the female employment rate is a valid indicator of development?

3 Describe capitalism. Complete each sentence with the concepts below.

Free competition Profit Private ownership Supply and demand

a. is the opposite of state ownership.

b. is the primary stimulus of capitalism.

c. regulates the number of products and their price.

d. means that any person or company can carry out economic activity.

Regions Employment rate* Male employment rate Female employment rate

East Africa 42.7 % 50.1 % 35.8 %

26.1 %

46.9 %

21 .0 %

17.4 %

34.3 %

47.5 %

61.2 %

51.5 %

47.4 %

57.0 %

36.5 %

53.9 %

36.1 %

32.9 %

47.0 %

West Africa

North America

Latin America

Middle East

Western Europe

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MCGTypewriterThe regions with the highest employment rate are

MCGTypewriterNorth America (53.9%) and Western Europe (47.0%).

MCGTypewriterThese regions are not as developed.

MCGTypewriterLess developed countries have low employment rates.

MCGTypewriterDevelopment brings higher employment rates.

MCGTypewriterThe male employment

MCGTypewriterrate is always higher. Women may not be prepared to work (poor education) or not allowed to work.

MCGTypewriterLowest rates: West Africa, Latin America and the Middle East. M. A. Educational levels and

MCGTypewritercultural patterns may prevent women from working.

MCGTypewriterM. A. Yes. It indicates that there is more equality. This is an important UN development goal.

MCGTypewriterFree competition

MCGTypewriterSupply and demand

MCGTypewriterPrivate ownership

MCGTypewriterProfit


NAME: CLASS: DATE:


Economic activity 4

2 Classify the elements of the production process. Answer the questions.

a. What are the factors of production in the diagram?

1. 3.

2. 4.

b. What products are obtained from the industrial process?

1.

2.

c. What are the intended markets for industrial production?

1. 3.

2.

310335U4A14p85_agentes_y_ele_act_econ

MARKETSOUTPUTSPROCESSES

Capital goods(machinery, cranes,

excavators, etc.)

Heating,moulding,chemicalchanges,

etc.

Labour

Machinery

Energysource

Rawmaterials

Semi-elaborated products(steel, cellulose, etc.)

Consumer goods(automobiles, food

clothing, etc.)

Finishedproducts

Businessand industry

Consumersand business

Processingindustry

Industry

INPUTS

1 Analyze the industrial production process. Match each concept with its definition.

a. Energy source

b. Raw materials

c. Semi-elaborated products

d. Capital goods

e. Labour

f. Final products

g. Consumer products

1. The group of workers in a business or industry.

2. Origin of the energy needed to produce work.

3. Finished goods that do not require processing. They can be consumer or capital goods.

4. Goods to be consumed by households.

5. Goods produced by the base industry and which serve as raw material for process industries.

6. Basic products to be processed by industry.

7. Goods used in production, not for individualconsumption.

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MCGTypewriterRaw materials

MCGTypewriterEnergy sources

MCGTypewriterLabour

MCGTypewriterSemi-elaborated products like steel or cellulose

MCGTypewriterFinished products like capital goods (machinery or cranes); consumer goods like food,

MCGTypewritercars or automobiles.

MCGTypewriterThe processing industry

MCGTypewriterBusiness and industry (capital goods)

MCGTypewriterConsumers and business (consumer goods)

MCGTypewriterMachinery



ACTIVITY SHEET 15 CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

The economy 441 Define concepts. Match each concept with one or more definitions.

2 Describe the production process. Complete the text with the words and expressions below.

non-renewable human capital manual renewable physical capital mechanical financial capital automated

The production process uses natural resources. These resources can be , where they cannot be used up, or , where they cannot be replenished.

Capital is also necessary. It can be divided into three types: consists of tangible

assets such as buildings and machinery. is a workers knowledge, experience and

training. Finally, consists of the money used for business activity.

Technology consists of the methods and procedures used to produce goods and services. It can be

, where humans do the work and control the tools; , where

machines do the work, but workers control the machines, or , where machines do

the work and control the tools and machines. In this case, the workers only program the machines.

3 Classify economic systems. Write a, b or c to complete the sentences.

a. it is a subsistence system. b. it is a communist system. c. it is a capitalist system.

1. If the state owns all the companies,

2. If each family produces food and clothing to cover its needs,

3. If private individuals own land and businesses,

4. If companies compete to do business,

5. If the government decides where to use profits,

6. If people exchange surplus food at local markets,

a. Active population

1. People who do not have a job, but are looking for employment.

b. Inactive population

2. People who are of working age, but can no longer work due to their health.

3. People who are students.

4. People who are working for an employer or are self-employed.

5. People who have retired and left the labour market because of age.

6. People who do not work and depend economically on the active population

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MCGTypewriterrenewable

MCGTypewriternon-renewable

MCGTypewriterHuman capital

MCGTypewriterfinancial capital

MCGTypewriterphysical capital

MCGTypewritermanual

MCGTypewriterautomated

MCGTypewritermechanical

MCGTypewriterb

MCGTypewritera

MCGTypewriterc

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MCGTypewriterb

MCGTypewritera


NAME: CLASS: DATE:

ACTIVITY SHEET 16

The economyCHECK YOUR PROGRESS 4

1 Interpret photos of economic sectors. Label each photo: primary, secondary or tertiary.

2 Analyze employment trends in three economic sectors. Answer the questions.

Trends in the active population in Spain (In %)

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 19900

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

310335U4A15-15p86-87_evol_pobl_act_Espana

2000 2009

Primary sector Tertiary sectorSecondary sector

a. What was the trend in the primary sector from 1940 to 2000?

b. What percentage of the population worked in the secondary sector at its highest point?

c. Why did this percentage decline after its highest point?

d. Which sector has had steady growth?

3 Group work: Economic sectors in your region.a. Find examples of each economic sector in your region.b. Describe trends for each. Are they growing, stable or declining?c. Prepare a summary of your information.

A B C

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MCGTypewritertertiary

MCGTypewriterprimary

MCGTypewritersecondary

MCGTypewriterDuring this period, the percentage

MCGTypewriterof the active population in the primary sector decreased.

MCGTypewriterThe highest

MCGTypewriterpoint was 1970. Approximately 48% of the active population worked in the secondary sector.

MCGTypewriterThe tertiary sector began to grow faster.

MCGTypewriterThis sector attracted more of the active population.

MCGTypewriterThe tertiary sector has had steady growth

MCGTypewriterfor more than sixty years.

MCGTypewriterIndividual and group answers.Students can present the trendsin a graph using Act. 2 as a model.They present their summaries orally.


NAME: CLASS: DATE:

REINFORCEMENT

NAME:

The world economic systemACTIVITY SHEET 17 55

1 Classify world powers. Colour the countries.

2 Factors that have intensified globalization. Match the two columns to complete each sentence.

a. The information society

b. Cheaper and improved transport

c. Liberalization policies

d. Elimination of custom duties

e. The collapse of the communist bloc

3 Relate regional characteristics with regions. Match the columns and give examples.

P AC I F I C

OC EAN

A T L AN T I C

OC EAN

I ND I AN

OCEAN

PAC I F I C

OC EAN

310335U5A17P88_SIST_ECON_MUNDIAL

Yellow

Green

Red

Emergingeconomic powers

Regionaleconomic powers

Traditionaleconomic powers

1. has opened up new markets.

2. has aided the flow of goods and people.

3. has meant products can be sold around the world.

4. uses ICT to organize global production and to move capital.

5. such as the deregulation of financial markets, have been implemented.

Regional characteristics

Markets with high purchasing power

Cheap labour

Permissive environmental and labour laws

Skilled labour

Rapid industrial growth

Country or Region

Traditional powers

Emerging powers

Regional powers

Types of regions

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MCGTypewriterUSA, Japan, the EU

MCGTypewriterBrazil, India

MCGTypewriterAustralia

MCGTypewriterThe 'Asian Tigers'

MCGTypewriterPersian Gulf

oil producers

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MCGTypewriterChina

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MCGTypewriterM. A.

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MCGText BoxRed: USA, Japan, EUGreen: Brazil, Russia, India, ChinaYellow: Australia, the 'Asian tigers', South Africa, Persian Gulf oil producers


NAME: CLASS: DATE:

EXTENSION

Continents and the economyACTIVITY SHEET 185

2 Interpret the graph. Answer the questions.

a. Which continent generates the largest part of world production?

b. Is Europes contribution larger or smaller than Asias?

c. Which continents have less importance in the international economy?

3 Describe economies. Read the clues and identify the continent.

Africa America Asia Europe Oceania

a. Although two of the most developed countries are located on this continent, its global economic weight is

insignificant.

b. It has a highly developed economy that relies more on industry and services than farming.

Its production represents almost 30% of the world total.

c. Its main economic activities are agriculture and mining. Its participation in the world economy is becoming

weaker.

d. The world's leading economic power is located on this continent, but most countries here are

underdeveloped. It is the continent that generates the most wealth.

e. The economy is based on agriculture and mining, except in some countries where industry has developed

strongly. It contributes more than a fourth of world production.

P AC I F I C

OC EAN

A T L AN T I C

OC EAN

I ND I AN

OCEAN

PAC I F I C

OC EAN

310335U5A17P88_SIST_ECON_MUNDIAL

Yellow

Green

Red

Emergingeconomic powers

Regionaleconomic powers

Traditionaleconomic powers

1 Show world production by continent. Use the legends to complete the pie chart.

310335U5A18p89_distribution of world production

DISTRIBUTION OF WORLD PRODUCTION(In %)

Africa 1.8 %

America 40.6 %

Production(% of

world total)

Asia 26.6 %

Oceania 1.4 %

Europe 29.6 %

AmericaYellowAfrica

Africa 1.8%

AsiaGreen

OceaniaBlackEuropeRed

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MCGText BoxStudents complete and colour the pie chart.

There are 10 large segments, so each one represents about 36% of the pie chart.

MCGTypewriterAmerica.

MCGTypewriterLarger.

MCGTypewriterAfrica and Oceania.

MCGTypewriterEurope

MCGTypewriterAmerica

MCGTypewriterAsia

MCGTypewriterOceania

MCGTypewriterAfrica



ACTIVITY SHEET 19 CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

A globalized economy 551 Analyze globalization. Read the text and answer the questions.

Globalization is creating two types of cultural trends. The first is the trend towards Americanization, which some call McWorld. The influence of North American media is increasing in all countries. The most influential medium is television, where people can watch American films, TV series, news and music videos. The Internet is dominated by the English language; many portals and search engines are North American.

English as the global language is becoming a fact. Use of English is growing at a faster pace than other languages. Spanish remains at 450 million speakers. Languages like Japanese, French and German find expansion more and more difficult.

However, the trend towards Americanization may be misleading. The young Arab in a North American bar in Cairo, wearing American-style clothes, listening to rap music and drinking coffee does not necessarily share American culture. He may even be hostile towards it. According to sociologists, except for a few elites, the rest of the world ignores or hates Western culture.

G. de la Dehesa, adapted from Understanding Globalization (2000).

a. How is the world becoming 'Americanized'? And your life?

b. Westerners believe that Western culture greatly influences the world. However, what do sociologists suggest?

c. What does 'McWorld' mean, in your opinion?

d. What has Spain contributed to Western culture, in your opinion?

Internet Caf in Nain, Iran

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MCGTypewriterTV series, films, news and music videos

MCGTypewriterare americanizing the world. Internet has many North American portals and search engines. English

MCGTypewriteris a global language. M. A. My life is also americanized: I like American films, music and TV series.

MCGTypewriterAccording to the sociologists, people may wear American-style clothes and have American habits,

MCGTypewriterbut they may not admire American culture at all.

MCGTypewriterM. A. It refers to McDonald's.

MCGTypewriterThe term symbolizes American influence throughout the world.

MCGTypewriterM. A. Spain has contributed its own

MCGTypewriterculture through painting (Goya, Picasso, Dal), architecture and architects (the Alhambra, Gaud,

MCGTypewriter the Sagrada Familia), music and musicians (Albniz, Pau Casals), food (the Mediterranean diet),

MCGTypewriterfashion (Zara), literature and films (el Quijote, Buuel).


NAME: CLASS: DATE:

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

A globalized economyACTIVITY SHEET 205

2 Identify global institutions. Write the complete name of each institution.

a. WB

b. IMF

c. WTO

3 Classify the changes brought by globalization. Tick the correct column.

Event After World War II After the collapse of the communist bloc

WB planned to reduce poverty.

IMF planned to maintain stability.

WTO wanted free and fair trade.

Financial markets were deregulated.

4 How does globalization affect you? Complete the table.

Characteristics How have they affected you?

Multinationals with an international dimension

New technologies

State autonomy is limited by international organisms.

Outsourcing takes place globally.

5 Group work: New developments as a result of globalization.

a. Find local examples of new developments and share your findings.

b. Discuss which aspects really belong to globalization and which do not.

c. Write a summary of your findings.

1 Describe the effects of globalization. Match the two columns to complete each sentence.

a. Globalization is ...

b. Globalization is based on ...

c. Globalization factors include ...

d. Globalization leads to the elimination of ...

e. With globalization, multinational companies seek

f. Globalization leads to ...

1. trade barriers.

2. redistribution of wealth and social progress, but with some inequalities.

3. cheaper transport systems and new information technologies.

4. international trade, business concentration and international production.

5. outsourcing of production in order to cut costs.

6. worldwide interdependence of economies and societies.

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MCGTypewriterThe World Bank

MCGTypewriterThe International Monetary Fund

MCGTypewriterThe World Trade Organization

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MCGTypewriterM. A.

MCGTypewriterI buy products from many multinational companies.

MCGTypewriterI use e-mail and the internet to contact friends.

MCGTypewriter VAT was raised to comply with EU demands.

MCGTypewriterSome telemarketing is done from India or Morocco.

MCGTypewriterIndividual and group answers.Students get information from theirlocal government and newspapers.They classify developments asrepresentative of globalization or not representative of globalization.Summaries can be presentedin a table.


NAME: CLASS: DATE:

REINFORCEMENT

NAME:

The role of agriculture in the worldACTIVITY SHEET 21 66

1 Compare populations. Create a bar graph. Draw a bar for each country.

(In %)Active population employed in agriculture in the world

220875-Antigua pagina 413

0

20

40

60

80

100

Mozambique China Vietnam India Morocco Peru Poland Spain Japan France Germany United States

Sweden

2 Analyze the active agrarian population. Answer the questions about the graph.

a. Which three countries have more than 50% of the active population employed in agriculture?

b. What do these countries have in common? Use the statistics from the Annexes in your Students Book.

c. Which three countries have approximately 2% of active population employed in agriculture?

d. Why is there a smaller proportion of farmers in the USA? Refer to your Students Book, page 76.

e. Is there a relationship between the percentage of active population employed in agriculture and a countrys

level of development? If so, why?

PERCENTAGE OF ACTIVE POPULATION EMPLOYED IN AGRICULTURE IN THE WORLD

Country Country

Mozambique Spain80.5 4.0

60.8 2.2

63.2 2.0

54.4 1.6

25.5 1.6

24.2 2.3

17.0

China Japan

Vietnam France

India Germany

Morocco United States

Peru Sweden

Poland

In % In %

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MCGTypewriterMozambique, China, Vietnam, India.

MCGTypewriterM. A. Between 40 and 78 % of the population lives on less than $2 a day. Low investment in R & D.

MCGTypewriterJapan, France and Sweden.

MCGTypewriter

MCGTypewriterFarming is highly mechanized in the USA, so there are fewer farmers.

MCGTypewriterM. A. Yes. A high percentage of active population in agriculture

MCGTypewriterusually indicates lower development. There are probably few industries and services.

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NAME: CLASS: DATE:

EXTENSION

Types of livestock farmingACTIVITY SHEET 226

Analyze the active agrarian population. Answer the questions about the graph.

a. Which three countries have more than 50% of the active population employed in agriculture?

b. What do these countries have in common? Use the statistics from the Annexes in your Students Book.

c. Which three countries have approximately 2% of active population employed in agriculture?

d. Why is there a smaller proportion of farmers in the USA? Refer to your Students Book, page 76.

e. Is there a relationship between the percentage of active population employed in agriculture and a countrys

level of development? If so, why?

1 Compare types of livestock farming. Look at the photographs and complete the table.

Photo A Photo B

Intensive or extensive

Farm size

Feeding practices

Investment required

Productivity: high or low

Type of livestock

Location

Advantages and disadvantages

A B

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MCGTypewriterExtensive

MCGTypewriterIntensive

MCGTypewriterLarge

MCGTypewriterSmaller than extensive farms

MCGTypewriterNatural. Animals eat grassin pastures.

MCGTypewriterAnimals get special food, but some may also eat in pastures.

MCGTypewriterSmall

MCGTypewriterLarge

MCGTypewriterLow

MCGTypewriterHigh

MCGTypewriterSheep and cattle.

MCGTypewriterCattle, pigs and poultry.

MCGTypewriterAdvantages: small investmentDisadvantage: low productivity

MCGTypewriterAdvantages: high productivityDisadvantage: large investments,environmental damage

MCGTypewriterArgentina, eastern Brazil, the USA, Australia, the Republic of SouthAfrica

MCGTypewriterThe USA, Canada, Western Europe, southeast Australia, New Zealand



6CHECK YOUR PROGRESSACTIVITY SHEET 23The primary sector 61 Describe the agricultural sector. Read the text and the chart to answer the questions.

From 1970 to 1995, there was a very large decline in the active population employed in European agriculture. The decline was most dramatic in countries that originally had the highest levels of employed population in the sector: Italy, Spain, Portugal, Ireland and Greece.

The Spanish agricultural sector wants to become stronger to prevent, among other things, the large-scale abandonment of farmlands. This abandonment leads to the ageing of the population in rural areas and, at times, depopulation. The abandonment of farmlands is a great tragedy for Spanish agriculture, for European agriculture, and even for agriculture throughout the developed world.

Alban DEntremont, adapted from Economic Geography (1997).

790,000

4%

2009Evolution of the active population employed in agriculture in Spain

Agricultural population

Agricultural population (as a % of the active population)

3,835,000 1,130,800

29.5 % 6.7 %

1970

2,513,000

18.9 %

1980

1,524,000

9.9 %

1992 2000

a. How has the agricultural population in Spain changed since 1970?

b. Why has the agricultural population decline been greater in Portugal and Spain?

c. Why does abandonment of farmland occur?

d. What does this lead to?

e. Approximately what percent of the population worked in agriculture in 1970? And in 2000?

f. In what years did this sector employ less than 10% of the active population?

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MCGTypewriterIt has decreased.

MCGTypewriterThere are now more than three million fewer people working in agriculture.

MCGTypewriterBecause in the past,

MCGTypewriter a very large percentage of the active population in Spain and Portugal worked in this sector.

MCGTypewriterThe agricultural population ages, and young people leave rural areas.

MCGTypewriterM. A. Farming has become more mechanized and more

MCGTypewritermodern techniques are used. Fewer people are needed to run the farms.

MCGTypewriterSometimes rural areas become depopulated.

MCGTypewriterApproximately 30% of the population worked in agriculture in 1970.

MCGTypewriterIn 2000, only about 4% worked in agriculture.

MCGTypewriterIn 1992, 2000 and 2009,

MCGTypewriterthis sector employed less than 10% of the population.


NAME: CLASS: DATE:

The primary sector CHECK YOUR PROGRESS6 ACTIVITY SHEET 24

1 The primary sector. Complete the crossword.

Across

04. Sea close to the coast where fishing takes place

06. Substitution of human labour by machines

09. Traditional fishing equipment

10. Type of fishing carried out at seawith factory ships

Down

01. Place where fish concentrate

02. A physical factor in agriculture

03. Term used to describe exploitationof forests

05. Product from the forest industry

07. Technique used to breed fish

08. Type of livestock farming

4

1

3

6

9

10

7 8

2

5

2 Analyze the primary sector. Answer the questions.

a. What percentage of the world population is employed in the primary sector?

b. What GDP does the primary sector represent?

c. Why has primary sector production doubled in the last 30 years in the developed world?

d. What leads to low productivity in developing countries?

3 Group work: Rural abandonment and initiatives. Collect real examples. Classify them and write a summary.

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MCGTypewriterApproximately 39% of the world population is employed in the primary sector.

MCGTypewriterIt represents approximately 4%.

MCGTypewriterM. A. It has

MCGTypewriterincreased due to mechanization and new technology. Production has also increased because

farmers use scientific techniques to breed and maintain plants and animals.

MCGTypewriter

MCGTypewriterM. A. Traditional, manual techniques

MCGTypewriter usually lead to low productivity. This is characteristic of subsistence farming. These farmers

MCGTypewriter

MCGTypewriteralso plant many types of food instead of having monocultures. These countries may also

MCGTypewriterlack good transport systems to bring their products to market.

MCGTypewriterStudents research 'rural abandonment' locally or get information on the internet for other areas.


NAME: CLASS: DATE:

REINFORCEMENT

NAME:

7ACTIVITY SHEET 25Agricultural landscapes of Spain71 Analyze land use. Study the photos and complete the texts. 1 Analyze continental shelves. Answer the questions.

Use of land:

Crops:

Cultivation methods:

Use of land:

Function of new economic activities in rural areas:

Other new initiatives in rural areas include:

Use of land:

Livestock:

Is the habitat scattered or concentrated?

A

B

C

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MCGTypewriterGrapes

MCGTypewriterFarming. Agricultural production.

MCGTypewriterM. A. Dry crops or irrigated

MCGTypewritercrops.

MCGTypewriterEnergy production.

MCGTypewriterStop population decline.

MCGTypewriterGenerate additional income.

MCGTypewriterAquaculture, rural tourism, construction of

MCGTypewritersecond homes, agro-food industry.

MCGTypewriterExtensive livestock farming,

MCGTypewriterarable farming.

MCGTypewriterCattle and sheep.

MCGTypewriterScattered.


NAME: CLASS: DATE:

EXTENSION

The fishing sectorACTIVITY SHEET 267

1 Analyze continental shelves. Answer the questions.

310335U7A25p96_sector primario en Espana

- algae- shellsh- crustaceans- corals

50 m

200 m

- In shallow water: sardines herring tuna- In deep water: atsh hake cod and similar sh

Continental shelf

OCEAN

LAND

- no light- no vegetation- plentiful bacteria and invertebrates

A continental shelf

a. What are continental shelves? Why is there an abundance of fish there?

b. Where in the shelf do you find the fish or seafood you usually eat?

c. What is the EEZ? Why is it so important for some countries?

2 Describe types of fishing. Label the photos.

A B C

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MCGTypewriterThe narrow area along the

MCGTypewritercoast. Although it is 200m deep, it gets sunlight. There is a lot of food for fish here.

MCGTypewriterNear the coast, at about 50 m.

MCGTypewriterThe Exclusive Economic Zone.

MCGTypewriterOne country can give another country permission to fish in its EEZ. These agreements

MCGTypewriterCoastal fishing

MCGTypewriterInshore fishing

MCGTypewriterOffshore, commercial fishing

MCGTypewriterprovide income for a country.



The EU primary sectorCHECK YOUR PROGRESSACTIVITY SHEET 27 77

1 Climate zones. Use the key to colour the map.

310335U7A26p97_paisajes_agrarios

Red Canary Islands

Yellow Continentalized inland

Green Humid

Brown Warm Mediterranean

Blue Humid alpine

2 Describe each climate and its characteristics. Say where it is (coast, inland, north, etc.) and give an example of a typical agricultural product.

Climate Where is it in Spain? Typical agricultural products

1 Analyze fishing grounds. Look at the map and answer the questions.

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MCGText BoxStudents colour the mapusing the key. They use Student's Book, page 90 as a model.

MCGTypewriterHumid

MCGTypewriterContinentalized inland

MCGTypewriterCanary Islands

MCGTypewriterHumid alpine

MCGTypewriterWarm Mediterranean

MCGTypewriterAlong the northern coastand in the western Pyrenees

MCGTypewriterLivestock and forestry

MCGTypewriterThroughout the interiorof the entire country

MCGTypewriterExtensive dry and mixedintegrated farming

MCGTypewriterOff the west coast of Africa

MCGTypewriterIn the mountainous areasof northern Spain andon the central plateau

MCGTypewriterLivestock and forestry

MCGTypewriterFruit and vegetables

MCGTypewriterOn the Mediterranean coast, theBalearic Islands, in the basins of the Guadalquivir and Guadiana

MCGTypewriterIrrigated coastal and dry inland farming


NAME: CLASS: DATE:

The EU primary sectorCHECK YOUR PROGRESSACTIVITY SHEET 287

1 Analyze fishing grounds. Look at the map and answer the questions.

310335U7A27-228p98-99_act_ota_espanola

NorthAtlantic Mediterranean

CentralAtlantic

SouthAtlantic

WestIndian

SouthPacic50 to 315 ships

Activity of the Spanisheet outside EU waters

More than315 ships

10 to 50 shipsLess than10 ships

a. What areas have the highest concentration of Spanish fishing ships?

b. Name five countries that border on the most popular fishing grounds for Spanish fishing ships.

c. Although Spain has a continental shelf, the Spanish fleet travels to others. Why?

d. Do you think the activity of the Spanish fleet causes conflicts with countries that have continental shelves?

Why?

2 Classify information. Mark the sentences true (T) or false (F). Correct the false sentences.

a. The majority of the Spanish labour force is employed in agriculture. b. Agricultural production has increased in recent years.

c. Agriculture contributes increasingly less to Spanish GDP. d. The same crops are grown throughout Spain; soil and climate are not factors. e. The fruit and vegetable sector is important because of its production value. f. The production of cereals, wine, grapes and milk is growing. g. The cattle subsector is more important than the sheep subsector.

3 Group work: A survey on fish consumption.

a. Do research at your local market. Find out the place of origin of the fish you usually eat.

b. Share your information. Make a list of all the fish everyone eats. Indicate origin and percentages.

310335 _ 0072-0127.indd 99 16/06/11 11:43

MCGTypewriterThe West African coast, the North Atlantic.

MCGTypewriterMorocco, Western Sahara, Mauritania, Madagascar, Argentina.

MCGTypewriterIts continental shelf is

MCGTypewriternarrow, so it needs more fishing grounds.

MCGTypewriterNot usually because Spain makes agreements with those countries.

MCGTypewriterF

MCGTypewriterT

MCGTypewriterT

MCGTypewriterF

MCGTypewriterT

MCGTypewriterF

MCGTypewriterF

MCGTypewriterIndividual and group answers. Students can present results in tables and posters.



Energy sourcesREINFORCEMENTACTIVITY SHEET 29 88

1 Describe energy consumption. Mark each sentence true (T) or false (F). If the sentence is false, correct it.

a. Before people learned to domesticate animals, their only energy source was their own muscle power.

b. People currently consume much less energy than they did a century ago.

c. Energy is needed to transform raw materials into finished products.

2 Classify energy types. Complete the table with the words below.

a. hydroelectric

b. geothermal

c. natural gas

d. wind

e. nuclear

Explainthemaindifferencesbetweenthetwotypesofenergy.Listadvantagesanddisadvantages.

3 Match each type of power station with its source of energy.

a. hydroelectric power station

b. thermal power station

c. nuclear power station

d. solar power station

e. wind farm

4 Identify the three types of power station. Label the photos.

RENEWABLE ENERGY TYPES, SUCH AS

NON-RENEWABLE, ENERGY TYPES, SUCH AS

f. coal

g. oil

h. solar

i. tidal

j. biomass

1. coal, diesel fuel, gas

2. sun

3. water

4. wind

5. uranium

A B C

310335 _ 0072-0127.indd 100 16/06/11 11:43

MCGTypewriterT

MCGTypewriterF

MCGTypewriterT

MCGTypewritergeothermal, wind, solar, biomass, tidal, hydroelectric

MCGTypewriternatural gas, nuclear, coal, oil

MCGTypewriterRenewable energy types like wood: advantages, they do not run out. More trees can be planted.

MCGTypewriterDisadvantages: the technology to use these sources can be expensive. Non-renewable energy

MCGTypewritersources such as coal will run out because it takes a very long time to renew them.

MCGTypewriterAdvantages: they can be used in many different ways. Disadvantages: pollution and limited supply.

MCGLine

MCGLine

MCGLine

MCGLine

MCGLine

MCGTypewriterNuclear power

MCGTypewriterSolar power

MCGTypewriterWind power


NAME: CLASS: DATE:

How can industries be classified?EXTENSIONACTIVITY SHEET 308

a. Describe the size of this factory: large, medium or small.

b. How many employees do you think it has? A large company has more than 250 employees.

c. Do you think this factory consumes large amounts of energy? If so, what type?

d. What raw materials are used in making steel?

e. Can the things produced in this factory be bought by consumers like you? If not, who buys them?

2 Compare heavy and light industry. Complete the table and answer the questions.

Characteristic Heavy industry Light industry Eko Stahl Ag (above)

Company size

Employees

Energy source used

Raw materials used

Market

a. Based on its characteristics, is the industry in the photo above heavy or light?

b. What heavy industries can you name?

Eko Stahl Ag steel company, Germany

1 Interpret a photo. Answer the questions.

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MCGTypewriterM. A. Thousands. (Note: In the 1990s, this was the largest East Germany steel factory.)

MCGTypewriterM. A. Large.

MCGTypewriterYes, because it produces

MCGTypewriterlarge amounts of steel. It probably uses natural gas or oil.

MCGTypewriterM. A. Iron ore from minerals like magnetite and hematite.

MCGTypewriterThis factory probably produces steel for other industries, not consumers.

MCGTypewriterLarge

MCGTypewriterThousands

MCGTypewriterNatural gas or oil

MCGTypewriterIron ore

MCGTypewriterOther industries

MCGTypewriterConsumers

MCGTypewriterElectricity, solar energy

MCGTypewriterIt depends. Hundreds?

MCGTypewriterMedium

MCGTypewriterLarge

MCGTypewriterHundreds or thousands

MCGTypewriterOil, coal, natural gas.

MCGTypewriterOther industries

MCGTypewriterHeavy.

MCGTypewriterIron ore, fossil fuels,

MCGTypewriterChemicals, food,

MCGTypewritermetals.

MCGTypewriterknow-how, textiles

MCGTypewriterM. A. Petrochemical, cement, metals.



The secondary sectorCHECK YOUR PROGRESSACTIVITY SHEET 31 88

a. What does renewable energy mean?

b. Why does Palz say that renewable energy is not an objective, but a law?

c. Is wind energy a renewable or non-renewable resource? Why?

2 Classify and describe energy sources. Complete the table.

Energy source It consists of ... Is it renewable? Does it pollute?

Biomass

Coal

Geothermal

Hydroelectric

Natural gas

Nuclear

Oil

Solar

Tidal

1 Analyze renewable energy. Read the text and answer the questions.

Wolfgang Palz, the President for Europe of the World Council for Renewable Energy, said that clean energy is now a real alternative to conventional energy. In his opinion, 20% of energy consumption by 2020 will be renewable energy: This is no longer a target, but a law. In a few years, there has been considerable progress in using renewable energy, especially in Spain and Germany. Palz said that the use of a mixed system with 20% of renewable energies is technically feasible. For example, he said, 20 years ago, Europe had no wind energy capacity, but now it has reached 70 gigawatts (GW) and 200 GW worldwide.

Adapted from Solar Energy, www.gtriatum.com, March 2010.

310335 _ 0072-0127.indd 102 16/06/11 11:43

MCGTypewriterEnergy that does not run out such as wind or solar energy. It can be used again and again.

MCGTypewriterHe thinks renewable energy should be required by law.

MCGTypewriterRenewable. It cannot run out. There will always be wind.

MCGTypewriterYes.

MCGTypewriterYes.

MCGTypewriterheat from insidethe Earth.

MCGTypewriterYes.

MCGTypewriterNo.

MCGTypewriterfossils.


MCGTypewriterNo.

MCGTypewriterYes.

MCGTypewriterthe breakdownof uranium.

MCGTypewriterNo.

MCGTypewriterYes: radiation.


MCGTypewriterNo.

MCGTypewriterYes.

MCGTypewriterNo.

MCGTypewriterYes.

MCGTypewriterheat from the sun usedto create electricity.

MCGTypewriterthe power of waves to turn turbines.

MCGTypewriterYes.

MCGTypewriterNo.

MCGTypewriterorganic waste.

MCGTypewriterYes, we can get more.

MCGTypewriterYes: Carbon dioxide.

MCGTypewriterwater to turn turbineswhich produce electricity.

MCGTypewriterYes, if there is water.

MCGTypewriterNo.


NAME: CLASS: DATE:

The secondary sectorCHECK YOUR PROGRESSACTIVITY SHEET 328

1 Analyze the factors of industrial location. Read the text and complete the table.

The factors that affect the geographic location of an in-dustry reflect the needs or requirements of the product that is made. Industrial location is determined by the search for the lowest production costs. The sales price is the result of several factors, such as:

costofenergyandrawmaterials,includingtransportcost to the industry

costoflabour,includingsalariesandwaystoattractworkers

easeofaccesstocapitaltosetupandmaintaintheinstallations

easeofaccess tomarkets, including transportoffinished products, display and presentation of products

The importance of each factor depends on the product.

Pierre George, adapted from Economic Geography (1970).

Labour

Raw materials

Energy source

Transport

Market

Government actions

Location factor Physical, demographic or economic political? How does it affect location?

2 Group work: Create a company in your region.

a. Imagine you are going to start a new company.

b. Choose an appropriate location. Explain your reasons.

c. Assess the importance of new technologies for your company.

d. Assess the impact your company will have on your town or city.

Physical factors

Demographicfactors

Economic and politicalfactors

Tran

spor

t

Mar

ket

Governmentactions La

bour

EnergyRaw

mate

rials

310335U8A32p103_factores sicos

310335 _ 0072-0127.indd 103 16/06/11 11:43

MCGTypewriterDemographic

MCGTypewriterWithout labour, a location is not appropriate.

MCGTypewriterPhysical

MCGTypewriterIf available nearby, cost and transport are lower.

MCGTypewriterPhysical

MCGTypewriterEnergy produces pollution which may be prohibited.

MCGTypewriterEconomic - political

MCGTypewriterIf the market is far away, transport can be costly.

MCGTypewriterDemographic

MCGTypewriterIf the market is large and nearby, more will be sold.

MCGTypewriterEconomic - political

MCGTypewriterGovernment subsidies can make locations

MCGTypewriterattractive or pass laws to make them unacceptable.

MCGTypewriterIndividual and group answers.Students can use the table in Activity 1to present their reasons.



The automotive industryREINFORCEMENTACTIVITY SHEET 33 99

1 Analyze the manufacturing and distribution process of a car. Complete the flow chart.

Sector:

Activity:

Describe the activity:

Sector:

Activity:


Sector:

Activity:

Type of industry (heavy or light):

Sector:

Activity:


Sector:

Activity:


Sector:

Activity:


Sector:

Activity:


Sector:

Activity:


A B

C

G

ED

H

F

310335 _ 0072-0127.indd 104 16/06/11 11:43


MCGTypewritermining



MCGTypewriterextracting oil

MCGTypewriterrefining


MCGTypewritermaking cars

MCGTypewritertertiary

MCGTypewriterselling cars


MCGTypewriterextractingrubber


MCGTypewritermaking tires

MCGTypewriterlight

MCGTypewriterlight

MCGTypewritermaking metal


MCGTypewriterMiners extract coal

MCGTypewriterCar manufacturers

MCGTypewritersell cars to consumers

MCGTypewriterheavy

MCGTypewriterheavy

MCGTypewriterTransformation of ore

MCGTypewriterheavy


NAME: CLASS: DATE:

Is energy a problem for Spain?REINFORCEMENTACTIVITY SHEET 349

1 Describe power production. Complete the chart. Refer to pages 98 - 99 and 113 of your Students Book.

2 Analyze energy consumption. Read the text and match the two columns to complete each sentence.

3 Analyze the use of coal and natural gas. Answer the questions.

a. What is coal mainly used for nowadays?

b. Why is so little coal used in homes?

c. What is natural gas mainly used for? Why?

d. What advantages does gas have over coal?

Type of power station

Sourcesof energy used

How energy is produced

Consumption(in %)

Is it renewable?

Nuclear

Thermal

Hydroelectric

Alternative energy

As Spain has moved away from an agricultural economy to an industrial and service economy, its energy consumption has increased. This increase has created a greater demand for energy production. Most industrialized countries have a low degree of self-sufficiency and, as a result, they design specific energy plans. Spains plans are the National Energy Plan (PEN) and the Renewable Energy Promotion Plan (PFER).

Although there are many natural energy sources, their use is limited by economic and technological constraints. Today, most of Spains energy demands are still satisfied by oil, coal, natural gas, water and

uranium. Use of renewable energies (solar, wind, biomass) has been increasing, but many, such as geothermal or tidal, are still in the experimental phase or in the research phase, such as cold fusion. The PFER will be effective in Spain from 2000 until 2010, and its main objective is to supply 12% of primary energy use with renewable energy by 2010, compared to 1.7% at present. The PFER maintains hydroelectric energy production, increases biomass, and multiplies wind energy by 15 for the year 2010.

A. Gil Olcina, J. Gmez Mendoza, adapted from Geography of Spain (2001).

a. The increase in energy consumption has created ...

b. Spains specific energy plans are ...

c. Most of Spains energy demands are satisfied by ...

d. Spain, like most industrialized countries, has ...

e. The main objective of the PFER is to supply...

1. the National Energy Plan and the Renewable Energy Promotion Plan.

2. a low degree of self-sufficiency.

3. a greater demand for energy production.

4. oil, coal, natural gas, water and uranium.

5. 12% of primary energy use by 2010.

310335 _ 0072-0127.indd 105 16/06/11 11:43

MCGTypewriterYes

MCGTypewriterNo

MCGTypewriterYes

MCGTypewriterYes

MCGTypewriterUranium

MCGTypewriterUranium breaks down andproduces heat.

MCGTypewriterThe wind turns windmills.Solar panels collect heat.

MCGTypewriterWind, bio-mass, geo-thermal, sun

MCGTypewriter10.8%

MCGTypewriterWater

MCGTypewriterWater flows through turbines.

MCGTypewriterFossil fuels

MCGTypewriterFuel burns and makes steam which turns turbines.

MCGTypewriter7.6%

MCGTypewriter82.2%*

MCGTypewriter* Coal, natural gas and oil typically used in thermal power plants. See Doc. 7, page 113.

MCGTypewriterno data

MCGLine

MCGLine

MCGLine

MCGLine

MCGLine

MCGTypewriterIt is used to produce electricity in thermal power stations.

MCGTypewriterM. A. You need to store a lot of it, and modern homes have little

MCGTypewriterspace. It pollutes the air.

MCGTypewriterProducing electricity, heating and cooking. It is easy

MCGTypewriter

MCGTypewriterto transport. It does not create a lot of pollution.

MCGTypewriterIt is easier to store and transport. It does not pollute the

MCGTypewriteratmosphere as much.



310335U9A35p106_dist_mun_inversiones_nuevas_industrias

6,000

DISTRIBUTION OF INVESTMENTSIN NEW INDUSTRIES BY MUNICIPALITY 1981-1993(In thousands of euros )

60,000

600,000

The EU secondary sectorCHECK YOUR PROGRESSACTIVITY SHEET 35 99

a. Where is most of the investment in new industries concentrated? Where is it least concentrated?

b. Consult the map in your Students Book, page 116. What are the four main industrial centres?

c. What is the relationship between production, industrial employment and investment in new industries?

2 Analyze the distribution of Spanish industries. Study the pie chart and answer the questions.

a. Which communities have the most industries?

b. Which have the smallest number?

c. Compare the data from the chart with the map on page 117, in your Students Book. Descibe the relationship between them.

d. Do you think there is a relationship between the importance of industry and a countrys level of development? Explain your answer.

Distribution of industrial centresby autonomous community 2009

(In %)

Catalua 19.5%

C. Valenciana11.9%

Andaluca13.8%

Galicia6.2%

Castilla y Len5.6%

Pas Vasco 5.9%

Castilla-La Mancha

6.1%

Aragn 3.2%

R. de Murcia 3.2%

C. de Madrid11.9%

Islas Canarias 2.6%

Extremadura 2.3%

Islas Baleares 2.2%

P. de Asturias 1.8% C. F. de Navarra 1.7%

La Rioja 1.2%

Cantabria 1%Ceuta & Melilla 0.1%

310335U9A35p106b_ iindustria_en_Espana_B

1 Interpret maps of Spanish industry. Study the map and answer the questions.

310335 _ 0072-0127.indd 106 16/06/11 11:43

MCGTypewriterCatalua, Madrid and Aragn.

MCGTypewriterBilbao, Barcelona, Madrid, Valencia

MCGTypewriterM. A. Investment in an area brings more industrial employment; production may increase.

MCGTypewriterCatalua, Andaluca, C. Valenciana, Madrid.

MCGTypewriterAsturias, Navarra, La Rioja, Cantabria, Ceuta,Melilla.

MCGTypewriterThe communities with the most industrial centrescontribute most to the value of industrial production.

MCGTypewriterM. A. In general, if industry is important, a country can become competitive. Its economy will grow.

MCGTypewriterEconomic growth can lead to better jobs and improvements in society.


NAME: CLASS: DATE:

The EU secondary sectorCHECK YOUR PROGRESSACTIVITY SHEET 369

1 Compare industry in Spain and other countries. Analyze the graph and answer the questions.

a. How has production in other developed countries changed in the period shown?

b. How does the average production of OECD countries compare to Spains? Is it greater or less?

c. What have the periods of low industrial growth in all countries corresponded to?

d. Why has Spanish industrial growth been lower than that of most developed countries?

2 Analyze the importance of each type of energy in Spain. Answer the questions.

a. Why is the production of oil and gas so low in Spain?

b. Is Spain dependent on foreign sources of energy? If so, which ones?

c. Calculate the percentage of production for each energy source. Proportionally, which is the most important?

d. What kinds of energy have probably been included in the Other category?

e. What is the importance of renewable energy in Spain?

3 Group work: Industry in your autonomous community.

a. Describe the current situation and future prospects of local industry.

b. What sectors should be promoted?

c. Write a report about your findings.

OECDUSAJapanOECD-EuropeSpain

Trends in industrial production in the OECD (1975-2009)

250

1975Years

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009

225

200

175

150

125

100

Production (1975 = 100)

310335U9A36p107_industria_en_Espana C

Spanish energy production (Ktoe) 4,374 127 14 2,001 15,368 8,841 30,725

Percentage of self-sufficiency

Source: SEE, Ministry of Industry,Tourism and Trade

31.2 % 0.2 % 0.0 % 100% 100% 100% 21.6 %

2008 Coal Oil Gas Hydro-electric Nuclear Other TOTAL

310335 _ 0072-0127.indd 107 16/06/11 11:43

MCGTypewriterIt has grown more than in Spain.

MCGTypewriterIt is greater: OECD 225 vs. 180 in Spain.

MCGTypewriterM. A. 1975 - oil crisis; 1992: recession,2009: recession - economic crisis.

MCGTypewriterSpain does not have these energy resources and must import them.

MCGTypewriterYes. Coal, oil and gas.

MCGTypewriterSolar, wind, oceanic, biomass, geo-thermal, etc.

MCGTypewriterIt needed to be modernized first. It spends too little on R&D&I, and is not competetive enough.

MCGTypewriterIndividual and group answers.

MCGTypewriterStudents can use information from the maps and graphics in this unit to supplementtheir research.

MCGTypewriterHydro-electric and most in the 'other' category (renewables) represent about 30% of the total.

MCGTypewriter% of total production: 14.2% 0.04% negligible 6.5% 50% 28.7%

MCGTypewriterNuclear energy. It represents approximately half of all Spanish energy production.



Tourism: definition and typesREINFORCEMENTACTIVITY SHEET 37 1010

1 Describe tourism in the past and now. Read the text and answer the questions.

a. What three time periods of tourism are distinguished in the text? Who travelled in each one?

b. What facilitated the development of mass tourism?

c. What are the differences between tourism in the 19th century and mass tourism?

d. What is one of the recent trends in tourism today?

2 Classify types of tourism. Complete the table.

The modern concept of tourism began with the industrial revolution. At that time, wealthy families visited spas and sent their sons on grand tours, which were long, educational trips to the great cultural centres of Italy, Greece, Egypt, etc. During the 19th century, tourist travel extended to industrial ists, merchants and other professionals due to the paid holidays they began to enjoy.

Tourism became a mass phenomenon at the end of World War II (1945), when post-war reconstruction led to an increase in productivity. Then, due to higher income and reduced working hours, many more people had money to spend on travel. Mass tourism has become one of the most important businesses with the most sustained growth over the last 30 years.

Todays globalization offers travellers a variety of choices. Thematic tourism is a recent trend: specialized holidays based on themes such as culture, nature and sports.

F. Lpez Palomeque, M. Marchena, and S. Antn, adapted from Territorial Analysis of Tourism (1997).

Type of tourism Objective Typical locations

Coastal

Cultural and shopping

Rural

Health-oriented

Mountain

Religious

Business

310335 _ 0072-0127.indd 108 16/06/11 11:43

MCGTypewriterIndustrial revolution: wealthy families went to spas and took 'grand tours'. 19th century:

MCGTypewriterthe upper middle class began to take holidays. After WWII: middle class and workers.

MCGTypewriterPeople had higher incomes and more leisure time.

MCGTypewriter19th century tourism was for the wealthy and upper middle classes. Mass tourism is for all classes.

MCGTypewriterSpecial

key teacher's resources

Documents

photocopiable material

acbdspatial elements

taken73 essential geography

mapactivity sheet

small area

90s26 mmt cj26263

photos c

5a1 mmt cj7