kevin toney. european prosperity causes catholic church to benefit -indulgences: - people sin, are...
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CHAPTER 16 Kevin Toney
Religion
European prosperity causes Catholic Church to benefit
-Indulgences:- People sin, are in debt- Pay money to get out of “debt”- People then get to heaven
Indulgence Problems
Is it a black mark?
Martin Luther thinks so.
He disagrees with indulgences
Martin Luther
These questions on the Catholic church, lead to Protestant reformation.
Protestant reformation:- If you have faith, you’re going to
heaven- Based on traditions and the Bible
John Calvin (1509-1564)New ‘religion’- Calvinism
- God decides if you get to go to heaven before you are born
- Wore simple black clothes, avoided ‘showy’ living, worshiped in churches without statues, instruments, stained glass windows.
Catholic Reformation
The society of Jesus:“Jesuits”
Founded by Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556)
- Helped win back adherents by teaching
- Missionaries oversees
Big Differences?
Not really.How do we know?
-Witch hunts were a dramatic way to tell that most of the different religions were basically the same.
Witch HuntsOccurred in Europe.
- Suspicion of women acting oddly led to the belief that they were a witch.
- Belief in supernatural spirits
Science Revolution
Time of scientific development
Works in science and mathematics
Questions on the universe spark ‘arguments’
Isaac Newton
Law of gravity:Every
object obeys a law in which there is an unseen force pulling it to the earth
John Locke
Father of Liberalism
- Influenced Enlightenment Thinkers
Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness
NOT Ben Franklin
CopernicusStated that the sun
was the center of the universe, not the earth
He delays the publication of his theory until the end of is life, in fear of death
The Bourgeoisie
Economy changes in Europe causing growing cities
- Paris 1500: over 100,000 people- Paris and London 1700: over 500,000- Twenty other European cities have
over 60,000 people
Economy
Dutch pioneered chartering joint-stock companies.
Effects:Gives Dutch East and West India
Companies monopolies over trade in East and West Indies
Basically sparks the stock market.
Women
Status and work were closely tied to their husbands’
Could inherit the throne (royalty)
Chose their own spouses.Late marriage ageAbout 1/10 births to unmarried woman
Holy Roman Empire
One of the most notable ‘city-states’ in Germany
Dreamt of a European empire comparable to those of Asia’s
Frustration occurs
The English Civil War
Causes:King Charles IHe can’t get parliament to raise
taxesHe gets loans from the wealthyRebellion in ScotlandForms new parliament, raises
taxes to form armyParliament and King disagree,
WAR
The English Civil WarEffects:
King Charles I loses on battlefield, still refuses to compromise
a “Rump” parliament orders him executed
Oliver Cromwell takes over
No more moneyEuropean rulers are in debt due to war
What do they do?They promote alliances with commercial
eliteTrade thrives where:
-gov. taxes and regulation were NOT excessive
-Courts enforce contracts and collect debts-Military power were ready to defend
Do that ^^ and you get money