STATE OF THE STATES

Kerala Model in Harmonising Public Participation & Innovation

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Kerala: Best Performing large states in Environment and Cleanliness

SANITATION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES IN KERALA

SUCHITWA MISSION

1996- Devolution of power- People’s Plan Campaign2000- Composting Plants at Kozhikkode & Trivandrum

2000- Kerala Total Sanitation & Health (KTSHM) - Rural sanitation

2004- Clean Kerala Mission Ltd (CKM)- Enabling waste management in LSGIs

2006- Sectoral status study on SWM

2007- Zero Waste Kerala Action Plan (Malinya Muktha Keralam)

2008- Suchitwa Mission- Institutional reform- Merged KTSHM & CKM

2012- Clean Kerala Company- Floated by GoK & Local Self Govt.

2016- Haritha Keralam Mission- Integrating Sanitation, Water conservation &

Organic cultivation

KERALA'S INITIATIVES IN SANITATION SECTOR

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❖Technical Support Group in Sanitation & Waste Management Sector

❖Functioning under Local Self Government Department, GoK

❖ Nodal agency for sanitation sector & Provides:

➢Scientific advisories for ensuring environmental sanitation

➢Technical sanction for solid & liquid waste management projects

➢Organize IEC Campaigns & Capacity building in sanitation sector

➢Top-up financial support to LSGIs for project implementation

➢Carry out overall coordination & monitoring of sanitation sector 4

RURAL KERALA DECLARED 100% OPEN DEFECATION FREEon 1st November 2016

• 1,74,720 new toilets constructed in critical areas- remote tribal hamlets,

water-logged areas and coastal stretches- last mile connectivity

• Urban Kerala is all set to declare 100% ODF – 99.7% completed

• Behaviour change through Inter Personal Communication by ASHA &

Kudumbasree workers

• Mission accomplished through Total Sanitation Campaign, Swach Bharath

Mission & State Plan Fund

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Toilets constructed in remote rural

areas

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Haritha Keralam Mission

Regaining the past glory of Kerala in

Cleanliness, Water availability &

Safe-to-Eat Agricultural produces

and addressing Climate Change

Sub-mission

Sanitation & Waste

Management

Sub-mission

Water

Conservation

Sub-mission

Agricultural expansion

Making use of linkages

Enhanced water availability - Production of organic manure –Safe-to-eat agricultural produces

Reduced pollution & Enhanced environmental security

CHALLENGES IN SANITATION & WASTE MANAGEMENT SECTOR

• Scarcity of public land

• High rainfall (~ 150 rainy days)

• High density of population (860/sq.kms)

• High moisture content and low calorific

value of Solid Waste

• Not In My Backyard (NIMBY) Syndrome

• Typical geophysical characteristics of Low

Land, Midland & High Land

• Regions with high water table, water

logging & steep slopes8

APPROACH TO WASTE MANAGEMENT

❖State follows Overflow Waste Management

approach by:

➢ Managing waste at Households, Institutions,

Community & Centralized levels

➢ Non-biodegradables in a centralized manner

considering viability for recycling

The focus is on Reduce, Reuse & Recycle of waste,

finally achieving zero waste9

STRATEGIES ADOPTED

• Promoting segregation of waste at source

• Cleaning public places

• Source level composting of bio-degradables

• Door-to-Door collection of non-biodegradables

• Resource Recovery Facility

• Captive facilities for Bulk waste generators

• Citizen Grievance Redressal

• Enabling Legal framework-

Penalties for violation and enforcement of rules

• Green protocol for waste reduction

Green protocol is essentially a

set of measures focused on

waste reduction, primarily to

prevent the use of disposables

through reusable alternatives

like glass/stainless/porcelain

plates/cups/cutleries.

It is a active movement in Kerala, taking the form of an enviro-cultural revolution; changing

the way we live on this planet. 10

GREEN PROTOCOL

• Waste reduction & disposable free campaign

• Introduced in National Games 2015

• Followed in various events & functions (both Gov

& Pvt)

• All government offices to comply with green

protocol- order by GoK G.O (MS) No.

132/2018/LSGD dtd 19.09.1018

• All government functions to comply with green

protocol

• 1369 government offices in the state following

green protocol 11

Green protocol followed in all major public

functions, festivals, marriages etc.

Green Protocol during Ramzan festival

Green Protocol in election campaigns-Kannur

By-election

Green Protocol in wedding functions

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PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS UNDER SUCHITWA MISSION

Suchitwa Keralam (Urban)- State Plan

Suchitwa Keralam (Rural)- State Plan

Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban)- CSS

Swachh Bharat Mission (Rural)- CSS

CCDU- Sanitation- Central

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MAJOR COMPONENTS

• Solid Waste Management- Modification & repair of existing Waste

Management facilities

• Source Level Waste Management- HH, Institution & Community level

• Liquid Waste Management- Sewage & Septage Management

• Promoting recycling enterprises

• IEC and Capacity Building

• Regular pre-monsoon cleaning (Arogyajagratha)

Suchitwa Keralam1

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COMPONENTS

• IHHL

• Community & Public Toilets

• Solid and Liquid Waste Management

• IEC and CB

• Community & Public Toilets

• Solid & Liquid Waste Management

• IEC and CB

SBM (U) SBM (G)2 3

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Levels

Household Institutional Community

SOURCE LEVEL MANAGEMENT OF BIODEGRADABLES

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• Devices of various capacities distributed to households to manage kitchen waste

Pipe compostTri-bin compost Tri-pot compostRing compost

SOURCE LEVEL COMPOSTING OFBIO-DEGRADABLES – HOUSEHOLD LEVEL

Biogas plants

Kitchen binBucket

composter

Pot composter

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COMMUNITY/INSTITUTIONAL LEVEL COMPOSTING OF BIODEGRADABLES

• Aerobic bins, Biogas plants, Organic Waste Converters for housing colonies,

apartment complexes and public places like markets

Portable biobinsOrganic waste converter Aerobic binsBiogas plants18

Aerobic Composting Unit, Palayam

Thiruvananthapuram

Biobin Composting Unit,

Technopark, Thiruvananthapuram

Vermi-Composting Unit, N.Paravur,

Ernakulam

Community biogas Plant, Palayam

Thiruvananthapuram

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WASTE MANAGEMENT –PROGRESS SO FAR

• 1,39,851 biogas plants at households

• 1320 biogas plants at institutions

• 98 biogas plants at community levelTotal waste generation

in Kerala is ~ 9000 tpd.

About 45% of the

biodegradable waste

generated is handled

through these systems

• 314205 composting plants at HH level

• 29420 composting plants at institutions

• 2003 composting plants at community level

• About 30 lakh composting pits

• 10 centralized composting plants

• 261 Material Collection Facilities (MCFs)

• 88 Resource Recovery Facilities (RRFs)

• 106 Plastic shredding units20

DOOR TO DOOR COLLECTION OF NON-BIODEGRADABLES

❖Harithakarmasena (HKS) formed in 1005 LSGIs out of 1034

❖26358 trained HKS by the Kudumbasree Mission

❖355 HKS units operational for door-to-door collection of non-biodegradables

Haritha Karma Sena (HKS) or Green Task Force - a Micro Enterprise Unit

formed in each LSGI with 2 persons in each ward to do door to door collection

of non-biodegradable waste & assist in biodegradable waste management

by charging a user fee (~Rs.60/- Rs. 800/- depending on services provided)21

COLLECTION AND STORAGE OF NON-BIODEGRADABLES FOR RECYCLING

• Secondary storage of non-biodegradables

in Material Collection Facility (MCF)

Centres

• 261 MCF established

• Non-biodegradables from MCF moved to

Resource Recovery Facility (RRF) in

Block Panchayats, Municipalities and

Corporations Sample MCF in Palakkad Municipality

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RECYCLING OF NON-BIODEGRADABLE WASTE

• 88 RRFs functional on a cluster basis; 175 more needed

• Non biodegradables segregated for shredding and bailing for recycling

• 106 functional plastic shredding units

Plastic shredding unitPlastic shredding unit

Plastic bailing unit

Material Collection Facility

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CENTRALISED SOLID WASTE TREATMENT PLANTS

• The state promotes centralised plants

wherever possible- Centralised aerobic

composting plants; Waste to Energy

Plants (under proposal)

Thermal waste to energy plant

Biomethanation waste to energy plant

Windrow composting plant24

Waste water (Grey & Black), Septage, Fecal sludge

➢Kerala adopted on-site sanitation: 26 lakh septic tanks; 44 lakh Leach pits

➢Septage generation - 3500 m3/day; Fecal sludge generation- 4700 m3/day

➢Presently having two standalone Septage/Fecal sludge treatment plants

➢Need to install more septage treatment facilities water: 0.07 to 350 mg/L

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ANNUAL PLAN 2018-19 (amount in Lakh)

CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEMES

Scheme Amount Expenditure Components

Swachh Bharat Mission

(Gramin)11,085 3,202.01

SLWM in

Gramapanchayats

Swachh Bharat Mission

(Urban)7,208 3,912.71

SLWM in Urban

Local Bodies

STATE SPONSORED SCHEMES

Suchitwa Keralam

(Rural)4,000 1,807.25

SLWM in

Gramapanchayats

Suchitwa Keralam

(Urban)2,500 597.24

SLWM in Urban

Local Bodies

Total 24,793 7,730.68 31.11%

In Kerala,

10-15% of the plan

fund of LSGIs (~Rs.700

Cr. ) mandatorily

earmarked for SLWM

projects

➢93 ULBs to become zero waste on ground over a period

of next 18 months

➢100% source level biowaste management at Household,

Institutional & Community level

➢Establishment of about 19500 MCF for secondary

storage of non-biodegradables

➢Establishment of 175 RRF for facilitating recycling

WAY FORWARD

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➢Establishing captive waste management systems for

all the bulk solid waste generators

➢Establishing model standalone Septage/Fecal sludge

waste treatment plants across the state

➢Establishing Septage/Sewage treatment plant for

one major government hospitals/district during

2018-19

➢Universal coverage of Green Protocol in government

institutions and functions

WAY FORWARD

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SUCHITWA MISSION DURING MEGA FLOOD - 2018

• 10 of the 14 Districts severely affected by the Mega Flood of Kerala;

• 6 Districts extremely affected (386 Gram Panchayats & 41

Municipalities)

• 3274 flood relief camps opened for 12,47,496 severely affected people

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ENSURING HYGIENE & SANITATION IN RELIEF CAMPS

❖263 Bio toilets installed in relief camps

❖Temporary toilet complexes provided as

required

❖Persuaded to comply with Green Protocol in

relief camps

❖Dissemination of guidelines for hygiene

compliance through pamphlets, posters,

interpersonal communication in relief camps,

Radio broadcast, TV telecast and Social media

❖Temporary composting pits provided; plastic

waste collected and transferred to recyclers

Bio toilets at Kuttanad, Alappuzha

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ENSURING HYGIENE & SANITATION IN RELIEF CAMPS

• Organized collection & treatment of sewage/septage through existing

Effluent Treatment Plants at NTPC & Other industrial units etc.

• Mobile septage treatment plants (4 Nos) mobilised through UNICEF and

utilised

Mobile septage treatment unit

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POST FLOOD CLEANING ACTIVITIES

• 2,79,168 squads cleaned 6,93,287 houses, 5836

public buildings and 2371 public places; 213 km

of drains

• 4523 tonnes biodegradable waste disposed at

source

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POST FLOOD CLEANING ACTIVITIES

• 13413 tonne of non-biodegradable waste collected

and handed over to scrap dealers for recycling or

disposed through engineered landfill

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POST FLOOD CLEANING ACTIVITIES

• 6568 Skilled Task Force consisting of

electricians, plumbers, carpenters, fitters

etc. were mobilized

• 300956 wells were disinfected through

chlorination using bleaching powder or

chlorine tablets; 154136 wells hypo-

chlorinated

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POST FLOOD CLEANING ACTIVITIES

• Disposed of 5850 large animal carcass,

8807 small animal carcass and more than

8 lakh birds

Animal carcass disposal

OUTCOME

ZERO CASUALITIES DUE TO

POST FLOOD CONTAGIOUS

DISEASES

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TOTAL WASTE COLLECTED VS DISPOSED

District

Bio

degradable

waste

collected

(Kg)

Bio

degradable

waste

Disposed

(Kg)

Bio

degradable

waste

Disposed %

Non Bio

degradable

waste

Collected

(MT)

Non Bio

degradabl

e waste

Disposed

%

Animal

Carcasses

buried

Alappuzha 2,39,467 2,24,587 94.35 1342.5 100 93,450

Ernakulam 25,23,030 24,24,158 95 4177.19 100 1,60,089

Kottayam 56,476 56,476 100 687.14 100 61,866

Pathanamthitta 5,81,756 5,81,756 100 1865 100 72,297

Thrissur 6,77,116 6,76,936 100 5450.87 100 4,06,779

Wayanad 2,90,989 2,88,289 100 627.51 100 34,816

Grand Total 43,68,834 42,52,202 98.22 14150.2 100 8,29,29736

• State is happy to inform that there was no casualty due to post flood contagious diseases by ensuring environmental hygiene, safe drinking water and sanitation

• Could avert contagious diseases like diarrhoea, typhoid, malaria, dengue etc

Houses affected by flood: 693287

Wells affected : 320026

Institutions affected by flood : 6191

Public places affected : 2492

MEGA FLOOD 2018

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JOINTLY PROMOTED BY GOVERNMENT OF KERALA

& LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS

PROMOTERS OF THE COMPANY

PROMOTERS PERCENTAGE EQUITY PARTICIPATION

STATE GOVERNMENT 26% 13000

MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS 9.68% 48400

MUNICIPALITIES 18.16% 90834

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▪ Comprehensive waste management plan to collect, segregate and scientifically manage Non Bio Degradable waste in Local Self Government Institutions

▪ Management of Non Biodegradables including plastic rejects, Glass waste, and E waste including hazardous e-waste

FUNCTIONS OF CLEAN KERALA COMPANY LIMITED (CKCL)

CKCL AUTHORISED TO ADDRESS MANAGEMENT OF NON BIO DEGRADABLE WASTE

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Bio Degradable Waste

▪ All left over Food items

▪ Fruits & Vegetables, Vegetable peels

▪ Spoiled food grain

▪ Agriculture remains

▪ Litters from field, orchards and farms

▪ Fish and meat

Non -biodegradable waste management – the concept

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Non Biodegradable Waste

▪ Books, News Papers, Card boards and all cartons

▪ Plastic bottles, carry bag, broken plastic furniture, toys etc

▪ Milk Cover, Oil, Fish, Meat and other food carried plastics and Aluminum foil

▪ Thermocol, Rexene, packaging material, photocopying papers, polythene papers

▪ Leather, Shoes, Chapels and Bag

▪ Textile rejects, old cloth

▪ Metal

▪ Glass Bottles, Brocken Glass,

▪ Human hair

▪ Tube light, CFL, Batteries etc

10-Dec-18 43

Material Collection Facility (MCF)

▪ Facility to store collected Non Bio Degradable waste from source

▪ Established in Grama Panchayats and wards of Municipalities and Corporations

▪ Haritha Karma Sena collects waste from households, institutions and

markets

▪ Segregates recyclable and Non recyclable at MCF

▪ Recyclable waste sold to recycling industry

▪ Plastic, non recyclable rejects forwarded to Resource Recovery Facility (RRF)

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Material Collection Facility (MCF) - Chittoor Municipality

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Resource Recovery Facility (RRF)

▪ Facility to store collected Non Bio Degradable waste from MCF

▪ Established by Block Panchayats, Municipalities and Corporations

▪ Operation and Maintenance by the CKCL

▪ Segregates recyclable and Non recyclable waste

▪ Recyclable waste sold to recycling industry including e-waste

▪ Non recyclable waste send for safe disposal including landfill

▪ Mechanical shredding of Plastic less than 50 micron

▪ Good plastic after bailing and packing send to recycling industry

▪ Shredding machine, Bailing machine and Dust remover available

▪ Operated by an Activity Group identified and formed from among Kudumbashree

members

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Plastic Waste Segregation at RRF

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Resource Recovery Facility (RRF- Trivandrum Municipal Corporation)

10-Dec-18 48

The ProcessCollection of Non Bio Degradable waste by Haritha Karma Sena from source

Rejects for safe disposal

Shredded plastic for polymerized road construction

Shredding of low grade clean plastics using shredding machines

Transfer to Block Level / Municipal Level RRFs

Segregation –Recyclable / Non Recyclable - at MCFs

Transfer to Grama Panchayath/Municipal ward Level MCFs

10-Dec-18 49

Production and Sale of Shredded Plastics

Year Quantity Produced

(KG)

Quantity sold (KG)

PWD LSGD

2016 - 17 90301.62 17150.52 73151.10

2017 - 18 117107.90 40363.89 76744.01

2018 - 19 69829.37 40536.54 29292.83

Total 277238.90 98050.96 179187.94

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Recyclable e-Waste

10-Dec-18 51

1. CPU with all accessories 2. Water Heater,

3. LCD/LED and CRT Monitors, 4. Electronic stove /Induction Cooker

5. Laptops, 6. AC

7. Servers 8. Chargers,

9. Hard disks, 10. Air Cooler,

11. RAM, 12. Radio/tape recorder,

13. PCB boards, 14. Ceiling Fan

15. CD Drive, 16. Pedestal/Table Fans,

17. UPS, 18. CD / DVD player,

19. Cables, 20. Lead Acid batteries ,

21. Keyboard, 22. VCR,

10-Dec-18 52

23. Mouse, 24. Telephone,

25. Fax machine, 26. Mobile Phone,

27. Printer, 28. Connector ,

29. Projector, 30. Thumb drives,

31. Photo Copy Machine, 32. Power control units,

33. Scanner and all type of IT accessories 34. Handsets,

35. Home appliances 36. Motors

37. Refrigerator , 38. Calculators etc

39. Washing machine , 40. Chokes

41. Tele Vision, 42. Broken IT material and electronic

peripherals,

43. Iron Box, 44. Sound systems

Recyclable e-Waste

10-Dec-18 53

1. CFL 2. DVDs

3. Tube lights 4. Magnetic Tapes

5. Floppies 6. Light fittings

7. Used Toner Cartridges 8. Reels

9. Toys 10. Picture tubes

11. CDs 12. Broken television

13. Emergency Lamp 14. Broken It material and electric parts

Non Recyclable Hazardous e-Waste

10-Dec-18 54

E-Waste

Collection and Disposal of E-Waste

Year Quantity Collected

(MT)

Quantity Disposed

(MT)

2014 - 15 100.60 100.60

2015 - 16 117.80 117.80

2016 - 17 103.00 103.00

2017 - 18 1276.70 1276.70

2018 - 19 151.30 136.30

Total 1754.70 1739.70

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10-Dec-18 56

Collection and Disposal of e-Waste

10-Dec-18 57

Shredding of plastic waste

The cleaned plastic waste will be shredded or cut in to

small pieces by using a Shredding machine

PLASTIC

SHREDDING MACHINE

10-Dec-18 58

10-Dec-18 59

10-Dec-18 60

▪ PROJECT FOR SHREDDING OF PLASTIC.

▪ SHREDDED PLASTIC FOR POLYMARISED ROAD

CONSTRUCTION

▪ UTILIZATION OF PETROLEUM BASED

REJECTS(PLASTIC,THERMO)

▪ TECHNOLOGIAL SUPPORT FOR POLYMERISED ROAD

TARING

PLASTIC SHREDDING UNIT

10-Dec-18 61

SHREDDED PLASTIC AFTER BAILING

POLIMERIZED ROAD CONSTRUCTION - PROCESS

10-Dec-18 62

Shredded plastics used for road tarring

277 tonnes of shredded plastics handed over to Local bodies and PWD for road tarring till

18.11.201810-Dec-18 63

KALOOR MANAPATTYPARAMBU ROAD, Polymerized road of COCHIN

Corporation -2009

10-Dec-18 64

10-Dec-18 65

10-Dec-18 66

Bailing of other Plastic

10-Dec-18 67

10-Dec-18 68

Post Flood Cleaning Operation

▪ Active participation in post flood cleaning operation

▪ Non Bio Degradable waste removed from flood affected area

▪ Non Recyclable waste lifted for sanitary land fill

▪ Unprecedented characteristic of non bio degradable waste –

Mattress, pillow, cloth, upholsteries, school bag, tyre & tube,

leather items, chapel shoes, wooden furniture etc

▪ Total 15674.81 MT waste lifted

10-Dec-18 69

Sl No District Qty (MT)

1 Thrissur 5450.87

2 Ernakulam 4177.19

3 Pathanamthita 1865.00

4 Alappuzha 1342.50

5 Kozhikode 905 .00

6 Kottayam 687.14

7 Wayanad 627.51

8 Malappuram 283.00

9 Idukki 221.23

10 Palakkad 115.36

Total 15674.81

Post Flood Cleaning Operation- District wise details

10-Dec-18 70

▪ E-Waste dismantling facility in all Districts

▪ Material collection facility in all Government Office complex

▪ Operation and maintenance of RRF in all LSGIs

▪ Waste Collection facility in all Super markets and Malls

▪ Plastic recycling facility in three regions of the State

▪ Expansion of Polymerized road construction technology

10-Dec-18 71

▪ Promoting usage of plastic waste (shredded) for soil

stabilization in new road construction

▪ Recycling unit for glass waste management

▪ Establishing tie up with furnace based industries for

disposal of non recyclable waste

▪ Collection center and disposal facility for domestic

bio medical waste

▪ Networking of recycling industries and promote

entrepreneurs

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