Name:____________________________ Hour: _____________ Due: ___________Changes to Earth Over Time Study Guide

7.2Earth’s processes are constantly changing Earth’s surface. Energy flowing and matter cycling among the layers constantly changes the crust where different rocks form. Energy from the sun and Earth’s internal heat drive these processes.

Words to Know:AtmosphereCrustMantleCoreGeologic Time ScaleFossilSedimentaryIgneousMetamorphicPlate TectonicsUniformitarianismSuperpositionSedimentationCrystallizationDepositionWeatheringRadioactive Dating

Progress Record:1st Attempt Score

2nd Attempt Score

3rd Attempt Score

Pretest ScoreCFA 4 Earth’s Layers/Rock CycleCFA 5 Plate TectonicsUnit Test Score

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Rocks Change Over Time Assessment

Standards: _7.2.1___

I can create a model that shows rocks change over time.

Task 1

Use Figure 1 to answer the following question.

Figure 1: Cracked rock in Southern Utah

Construct an explanation of how the rock above split into two.

Task 2

Use Figure 2 to answer the following question.

Figure 2: Valley of the Gods located south of Arches National Park

Describe the complete process of how these formations were created.

Task 3

Sarah and John were walking along Main Street in Salt Lake City when John noticed three older buildings made of very different rock. Upon closer inspection, Sarah noticed that the first building was made of granite which she informed John was an igneous rock. Not to be outdone, John informed Sarah that the second building's exterior was sandstone, a sedimentary rock. The third building was a little harder to determine, but together they both decided it was gneiss, a metamorphic rock.

Create a model of the rock cycle that includes all significant features. In the cycle, draw and label where the rock from the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd buildings were formed.

Earth’s Surface Changes Over Time Assessment

Standards 7.2.2

I can give evidence and explain how earth’s surface has changed over time.

Task 1

Sarah and John went on vacation to Salt Lake City, Utah. Both Sarah and John had never seen such tall mountains before. Knowing that the Earth’s surface changes over time they decided to create a comic strip depicting what the Salt Lake Valley might have looked like throughout time. They started and have left the rest for you to finish.

Salt Lake City Throughout History

1 Billion Years Ago 500 Million Years Ago 100 Million Years Ago 50 Million Years Ago

Sarah: I imagine John’s great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-

great-great-great grandpa would have found himself under the ocean!

John: I imagine Jane’’s great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-

great grandma lived on top of sedimentary rock that formed as the ocean receded and sediments from

the nearby landscapes were deposited on top of the old ocean

floor forming layers that would eventually be turned into sedimentary

rock

Sarah: I imagine John’s

10 Million Years Ago 5 Million Years Ago Present Future

Task 2

List 5 different ways that the Earth’s surface can change in an instant.

1-

2-

3-

4-

5-

Structures are Engineered to Withstand Geologic Hazards Assessment

Standards 7.2.3

Constraints on human engineered structures.

Task 1

You work for a construction firm and have been selected to build a skyscraper in one of three different locations. Identify the constraints and geological hazards that you would need to consider at each location when choosing where to build the skyscraper.

Below is a description of each location.

Site A:

Here is the first lot where you can build. It is beachfront property in Florida, which is prone to hurricanes.

What constraints and geologic hazards could the skyscraper face in this location?

Site B: Here is the second lot where you can build. It is a vacant lot in a crowded city prone to strong winds.

What constraints and geologic hazards could the skyscraper face in this location?

Site C: Here is the third lot where you can build. It is a vacant lot in farmland prone to earthquakes.

What constraints and geologic hazards could the skyscraper face in this location?

Task 2:The location you would recommend to build the skyscraper is: __________In a letter to the construction firm, explain why you chose the location and the design that would be needed withstand the natural hazard.

The Interior of the Earth has Layers Assessment

Standard 7.2.4

I can create a scale model of the Earth based on density and chemical composition.

Task 1

Use the diagram below to accurately depict the Earth’s interior. Be sure to include the following for each of the 4 interior layers: name, depth, density, and at least 2 chemicals found inside.

Task 2

I can model how matter naturally separates itself according to density.

Below you are given a list of ingredients including their density. Imagine that you fill the bottle with ½ cup of all the listed ingredients and then shake the bottle vigorously. Now, draw what the bottle would look like after the contents had a chance to settle. Be sure to label each layer.

Ingredient Density g/cm³

Vegetable Oil 0.918

Gravel 1.68

Sand 1.60

Milk 1.04

Dish Soap 1.06

Rubbing Alcohol 0.790

Task 3

Given the following data for the imaginary planet X, create a model to explain the separate and distinct layers that includes: temperature, density, and possible chemical composition. Use the table provided to determine the potential chemical composition.

Planet X’s temperature Planet X’s density Planet X’s Chemical Composition

10 km = 200°C

300 km = 1200°C

800 km = 2200°C

1200 km = 2600°C

2100 km = 3100°C

80 km = 1.7 g/cmᶾ

350 km = 2.70 g/cmᶾ

950 km = 7.2 g/cmᶾ

1500 km = 8.9 g/cmᶾ

2000 km = 19.3 g/cmᶾ

Use the table to find the potential chemical compositionMaterial Density

Aluminum

Magnesium

Gold

Lead

Iron

Nickel

Graphite

2.7 g/cmᶾ

1.7 g/cmᶾ

19.3 g/cmᶾ

11.3 g/cmᶾ

7.2 g/cmᶾ

8.9 g/cmᶾ

2.2 g/cmᶾ

Plate Tectonic Assessment

Standards: 7.2.5

Patterns found on Earth are evidence of plate tectonics.

Task 1

Look at the diagram of the Ring of Fire shown below:

Identify one or more pattern(s) between the location of volcanoes (red dots) and the location of plate boundaries.

How can the pattern you identified be used as evidence that the plates move?

Task 2

What do you know about the movement of Earth’s crust? Place an “I” in front of each statement that describes an inference and an “E” in front of each statement that is evidence.

Construct an explanation of your thinking. What made you select an “I” or an “E”?

History of the Earth

Standards- 7.2.6

Task 1

Two fossils have been found in the mountains below. The first fossil was located in the grey shale layer and the second fossil was found in the red sandstone. Construct an explanation using evidence to explain which fossilized animal is older.

Fossil #1

Fossil #2

Task 2

Below is an image of the Earth. Scientist have estimated that the Earth is 4.6 Billion years old. Your best friend said that she read on the internet the the earth is actually less than a million years old.

Construct an argument using evidence to explain to your friend how and why scientists came to believe the earth is 4.6 billion years old. Include the following in your answer: Rock Strata, Fossil Record, and principles of Superposition and Uniformitarianism