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Kashmir Martyrs Day tomorrow, Rich tributes paid to July 13 martyrs

July 13: Remembering martyrs

Kashmir: A Nation, A Struggle213th July represented a fresh assertive mobilization of Kashmiri Muslims

MUHAMMAD TAHIR

The geographical isolation of Kashmir was bridged to a large extent with the opening of new

communication lines in early twentieth century. In 1890 with the opening of Jhelum Valley road, Kashmir

got connected with Rawalpindi. Banihal Cart Road connected Srinagar and Jammu, while railway line

between Sailkot amd Jammu was constructed in 1915. These communication links opened up new

avenues for Kashmiris, who could now travel, frequently, to British India for business and education. The

stay in British India in the period of great political churning influenced young Kashmiri minds and the

Punjabi press that was not only sympathetic to Kashmiri Muslims but moral and financial supporter as well

helped them organize into a decisive force. Thus, in the early 1920s there emerged on the political scene

of Kashmir an embryonic Muslim political class who sought, assertively, the social and economic rights

of their co-religionists.

Kashmir witnessed first political unrest in the shape of labor strike organized by the Silk Factory workers in

1924. This momentous strike brought to the attention of the British Government the pathetic condition of

the people of Kashmir in a manner which it was difficult to ignore. On the occasion of Lord Readings

visit to the state in October 1924, prominent members of the Muslim Community, like Hassan Shah

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Naqshbandi, Saad-ud-Din Shawl presented him with a memorandum that contained several demands of

the Muslim community and highlighted dismal representation of Muslims in the services by citing

statistics. Maharaja Hari Singh responded severely by confiscating jagir of Saad-ud-Din Shawl and exiling

him and other memorialists were served warnings. Such repressive measure was taken by the government

to curb the emerging political assertiveness of the Muslim leadership. However, it proved

counterproductive as Khawaja Saad-ud-Din Shawl, while in exile, made contacts in Punjab, wherefrom hebuild up a movement for reforms in Kashmir.

Another remarkable event that helped in highlighting the gross misconduct of Dogra rule in the state of

Jammu and Kashmir was the 1929 resignation of Sir Albion Bannerji. Since 1927 Mr. Bannerji, a Bengali

Christian, had been senior minister of the Council of State of Jammu and Kashmir. His resignation was in

protest to the misgovernment in the state that was made public through Daily Tribune Lahore on March

19th, 1929. Bannerji said in the statement that, Jammu and Kashmir State is laboring under many

disadvantages, with a large Muhammaden population absolutely illiterate, laboring under poverty and

very low economic conditions of living in the villages and practically governed like dumb driven cattle.

There is no touch between the Government and the people, no suitable opportunity for representing

grievances and the administrative machinery itself requires overhauling from top to bottom to bring it up

to the modern conditions of efficiency. It has at present little or no sympathy with the peoples wants and

grievances.

As discussed in the beginning number of Kashmir Muslims had left the state to pursue their higher

education in British Indian universities. These young talented Muslims from Kashmir were patronized by

Kashmir migrs of Punjab who had established a forum called All-India Kashmir Muslim Conference

(AIKMC). This organization offered scholarship grants to young Kashmiri Muslims to pursue their higher

education in universities such as Punjab University and Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) in northern India.

This moral and material support provided by AIKMC nurtured a first politically conscious generation of

Kashmiris, who mostly studied in Punjab University and AMU and were exposed to the political ferments

in British India, like Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, Khilafat Movement etc.

During their stay outside they were exposed to the political culture pervading in the larger part of British

India and some of them were very much influenced by Marxist ideology. On return to their native State,

this articulate group of educated Muslims like Sheikh Abdullah, Mirza Afzal Beg, Ghulam Abbas, and G M

Sadiq rapidly assumed of dominant place in local political activity in collaboration, and also in connection

with the old Muslim leadership which was headed by the two Mirwaiz.

The main spiritual leader of Kashmir, Mirwaiz was also active politically and even contested the Prajha

Sabha elections in 1933. So, this increasing consciousness created a new political culture in Kashmir and

the first large-scale attempt to resist the Maharajas autocracy took a definite shape in the early 1930s. To

a large extent new Kashmiri leadership was inspired and influenced by the civil disobedience campaigns

organized by the Indian National Congress under Gandhis leadership. Since most of the Kashmiris were

Muslims bearing grievances against a Hindu monarch, a Hindu administration, and Hindu landlords, the

movement inevitably took on communal overtones.The new generation of Kashmiri leadership created a decisive opposition against the Maharaja, but it was

still inevitably (and) inextricably bound up with Islamic sensitivities This salience of Islamism in political

agenda was in large part influence of Aligarh Muslim University where Pan-Islamic ideology received a

new lease of life after demise of Ottoman Empire.

The new leadership embarked on a process of political mobilization by using arguments of relative

deprivation. They also used Islam as a political force to mobilize the people. They would hold meetings in

Mosques and address people on Friday congregations. They tried to expose the communal premise of

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Maharajas regime: he was denounced from the pulpits of mosques as an autocratic Hindu Maharaja

governing predominantly Muslim subject with an administration composed mostly of Punjabi and

Kashmiri Hindus. Philips Talbot wrote in World Politics that the beauteous valleys and rugged

mountainsides of Kashmir support an impoverished, illiterate and insecure population of peasants and

herdsmenand these unprivileged Muslim villagers have long depended mostly on the Brahman and

Dogra classes for governmental favors and trade essentials. The unequal relationship between rulers andruled led naturally to communal bias when political consciousness spread to Kashmir in the 1930s.

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Troops kill 2 in Kashmir's Sumbal. The nears and dears are wailing over the body of Irfan Ahmad Ganai, 17.

He was a student.

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Massive Protest in Hajin, NaidKhai, Sumbal of Bandipora areas against killing of 2 innocent civilian by

13RR Indian army's Counter insurgency force.

TEENAGERS KILLING

AASIYA JEELANI

By writing about plight of Human Rights victims gives me satisfaction but a lot is needed for it. Kind

Words Can Sooth Wounds, but they dont heal them. -Aasia Jeelani

Aasiya Jeelani a Human Rights activist, was born on 9th feb, 1974 in Srinagar. She completed her

schooling from Presentation Convent High school, Srinagar. A science graduate from Womens College,

Aasia for her keen interest and flare for writing, joined Mass communication deptt of Kashmir University

for post graduation.

On April 20th, 2004, a strong voice called AASIYA went silent when she got killed in a land mine blast at

Chandigam in Lolab.

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