karunikan 2012 march

7/24/2019 Karunikan 2012 March

1/52

1amv 2012


2/52

hnemkw:

FUn, ImcpWnIs]cpam\q ]n. H.FdWm Ipfw 682 015t^m : 0484 2665233^mIvkv : 0484 2665433e-mail : [email protected]

website: www.karunikan.com

kq ssZhimkv{X amknI

kw` h _ lp e amb amtmam \{kmWn IfpsS Ncn {Xnse Hcp aplq amWvC h Ws Ihtmdn 1887.

amtmam \{km Wn I fnse Hcp hn`mKw tdmam k bp ambn _ n em bn cp p.kzw k` bpsS kzXzhpw kzmX {yhpw]p\xm]n m \p Ah cpsS kl \ k

acw ^ew Nq Snb BZy ap lq am bn cpp1887. AmWv Ahmbn cp {]tXyIhnIm cn bm p I m]n X am b Xv.

Xriq, tImbw hnIm cn bm p Im]n Xns Ncn {X ] m e hpw, AXns k`m flIam\ fp amWv {][m\ teJ\ . AtXm sSmw Cu k`m kaq l ns Xe h \mb taP Bv _njv In\m tPmv Be tcn ]nXm hp am bpA`n ap J hpw.


3/52

]pkvXIw H]Xv ew aqv2012 amv

FUnt m d nb

BephmpgbpsS AXncpI

kotdmae_m k`bn Ign hjw Hcp Pq_nen \Sp Hcp iXm_vZn Pq_nen. tImbw cq]X 1911 m]nXambXns

Pq_nenbmbncpp AXv. Iv\m\mb Itmenm k`bpsS Cy

Ipw ]pdpap CShIIfpw IpSpw_fpw sshZnIcpw

Aevambcpw k\ykvXcpsams B Pp_nenbmtLmjns

`mKambn amdn.

Cu hjhpw kotdm ae_m k`bn Pq_nenI \Sp

pv. Omm cq]X 1962 m]nXambXns kph Pq_nen

bmWvkotdmae_m t{]jnXhjambn BtLmjnsSpXv .

AXns Xncbpw Hmfhpw ]e Xocfnepw C\nbpw Fm\ncnp

tXbpq!

CXn\nSbn A[nIamcpw AdnbmsX ISp t]mIpsmcp Pq_n

enbpv. itXmc cPX Pq_nensbmWvt]cv . AXnw 125

hjambXns Pq_nensbv. ct cp efnte CXns\

pdnp Adnhpw BtLmjhpw \Sppq N\mtcn

bnepw Xriqcpw.

GXvkw`hns itXmc cPXPq_nenbmWnXv ? 1887 sabv

20mw XobXnbmbncpp kw`hw. setbm ]Xnaqma\mbncpp

As am]mm. tIzmZv bmw{]oZw F AkvtXmenI Xncp

shgpneqsS Atlw kpdnbm\nmmbn cp hnImcnbmp

I m]np tImbpw Xriqcpw. Bephmpgsb cnsbpw

AXncmbpw Inp. AXmbXv Bephmpgbvv hSp

kpdnbm\nmscmw C\n apX Xriq hnImcnbmns Iognepw,

]pgbvp sXp kpdnbm\nmscmw tImbw hnImcnbm

ns Iognepws]Spsav. As\ Bephmpgsb AXncmn

(tdmamknwlmk\tmSp _sp \np) kIe

cm[nImcntUm. {^mknkv sImSnb

s{]mhnjy kpocnbFw.kn._n.Fkv. Fmhqkv {]hniy

]{Xm[n]sP. \mep]dbn

kl]{Xm[n]Pn. ISqmdbn

FIvknIyqohv FUnhnk v {imn

]{Xm[n]kanXnt]m tXemvt_m_n tPmkv InImSvkm[p CnbhncmtP_v B\vtXmakv Iqp

kptej amt\PtXmakv IpgnbSnnd

amnwKv amt\P

a\ojv Hmew I t

Nn{XoIcWkXo jv. sI.

cq]Iev]\A_vZp s\n a n

Ih\nbmkv acnm

Hcp Fmhqkv {]knoIcWw

3amv 2012


4/52

4 ImcpWnI amv 2012

kpdnbm\nmpambn \Inb hnImcnbmpIfpsS Pq_nenbmWv

N\mtcnbnepw Xriqcnepw sImmSsSpXv. AXmbXv, Fm kotdm

ae_m AwKpw Xpeyambnv AhImisXpw Fmhcpw Hcpanv

BtLmjnt Xpamb Hcp Pq_nen.kIe kotdmae_mdpImscbpw Hcpt]mse _m[nt Ccsamcp

Pq_nensbpdnpw AXns ]nn \np Ncn{X aplqspdnpw

AXnsbpw ]ndInep ]qnIcpsS kl\kacsfpdnpw Bsms

bmWnhnsS AdnhpXv? BsmsbmWv CXn ]pmbncntXv?

FdWmIpfs kpdnbm\nmnXn Hcp ]pant? ]membnse \{kmWn

IvCXn ]nt? Xetcnbnsebpw am\hmSnbnsebpw kpdnbm\nm

nXn ]nt? _mSnbnsebpw {ZmhXnbnsebpw kpdnbm\nmn

Xn ]nt? Xebnsebpw cma\mY]pcsbpw kpdnbm\nmXn ]nt?

IymWntebpw coZm_mZnsebpw kpdnbm\nmnXn ]nt? Fn\v,

NnmtKmbnsebpw K^nsebpw kpdnbm\nmpw CXn ]nt?

DsvNcn{Xw Adnbmhp Bcpw kwibteisat\y ]dbpw. FnmWp

Cu Ncn{X aqlqs cp sNdp]WfpsS "Cm'hns A]Xzn

tev HXpn NpcppXn \fn ]ecpw hnPbnp\npXv!

]smXmw \qmns Ahkm\ ImemWo kw`hw. ]dn Nmn

sa{Xm\p (1663 1687) tijw Hcp \qmp IgnmWv am Icnbmn sa{Xm\pw

(1786) ]mtdam tKmhWtZmdpw (178699) kpdnbm\n k`m t\XmfmIpXv.

AXpIgnvHcp \qmp ]nnSptmgmWv Nmhd Ipcymtmkv Genbmkkpdnbm\nmcpsS hnImcn P\dmfmIpXpw (1861), sa{Xm m\tv\nt

insSpXpw. kzw sa{Xmmpthnbp kpdnbm\nmcpsS Xo{hm`n

emjns hfqdp anemWv tdmtmkv ioivabpw taeqkv ioivabpw

hfp IbdnbXv. Ccw k`m{]iv\p imizX ]cnlmcambncpp

tdmamknwlmk\hpw At\zjnpsImncpXv.

]smXmw \qmns Ahkm\ImevBWn AnKmUnbmbncpp

Cybnse AkvtXmenI UetKv. tIcfw kinv kpdnbm\nmcpsS

{]iv\w ]Tntijw Atlw tdman\psImSp \nti IuXpIIcambncpp. kztZiob kpdnbm\n sa{Xmmsc Ctm sImSppXv_pn]cambncn

n. AXn\m kpdnbm\nmmbn cq]X sImSpmw; ]t sa{Xmm

hntZinIfmbncnWw. Fm H, cv cq]XIfmbncnWw hSv Hv;

sXv asmv. Fs\bpv kmbnns _pn? cv tI{fnembn

kpdnbm\nmcpsS in hn`PnXamn \npIbmbncpp AnbmUnbpsS

\nKqVeysavNcn{XImcm hnebncppp. eyw AXmbncpsn

t]mepw en kw`hnXvFmsWXn\v k`mNcn{Xw Xs kmn.

Ippayw X aytmSp ]dp: ""At F\nsmcm{Klw.


5/52

5amv 2012

ISsemp ImWWw''.

X ayw ]dp: ""tams\ \o \npXpw izknpXpw ISenemWv''.

""CXp shdpw Dpshat? ISetm?'' sNdp ayns adp]Sn.IS ImWm\p ImgvNinbmWv thXv. \msams AIsncnp

Hmepw hoiphebpw ImWm\pw AXmWvkhpsav knm\pw GsXmcp

lrkzZrjvSnpw km[npw. Hmen\pw hebvpw Apdp IS ImWm

\mhp, ISense kIescbpw tkmZccmbn ImWp hnime hoWntep

hfcm\mWvtbiphns Blzm\w. Ahs ssZhcmPy kns lrZbw

AXmbncpp kzmXbpsS sNdptemIn\pdtv Ibm\mhpI;

\nkzmXbpsS hnimea\tmsS kIescbpw tkmZccmbn IcpXm\mhpI.

kzmX Ftmgpw hyn]cambncnWsan. ]etmgpw AXvkaql]camImw. Fs kpJhpw Fs ktmjhpw Fs kpw At\zjnp

Xvam{Xa kzmX. Fs IpSpw_nsbpw Fs cq]XbpsSbpw Fs

k\ym k k aq l n sbpw \ bpw k pw am{Xw eyw hp Xpw

kzmX XsbmWv. CXnt\bpw AXnewLnpIbmWv {InkvXp injys

[w. kzw cq]Xbvpw kzw k\ymkkaqln\pw D]cnbmbn \mw hen

sbmcp k`mkaqlns mKamsW Xncndnhntev DWcWw. t]mcm, ap

k`mkaqlfpambn kmtlmZcy_n \apv ssI tImm km[n

Ww. Fn\v? s]mXp kaqlns \pw hfbvpambn. As\tb

tbip kz]v\w I ssZhcmPyns hmfpw ]WnbmfpIfpambn amdm\app km[nq Hbvpw k`m]cambpw. C{]Imcw Cybnepw ]pdwtem

Ipw amdpnSmWv \mw ssZhcmPyns ]pfnamhmbn XocpXv.

]{Xm[n]


6/52

6 ImcpWnI amv 2012

15amtmam \{kmWn k`Ncn{Xaplqamtmam \{kmWnIfpsS Ncn{Xnse {][m\aplq GsXmsbmWv? Hmw \qmpapXep amtmam \{km Wn I fpsS Ncn {X n tevHcp Fnt\mw.

18hnImcnbmpIfpsS m]\w(1887) Ncn{X]mew1887embn cpp Xrq, tImbw hnIm cn bm p Ikpdnbm\nmmbn m]nXambXv. Cu hnImcnbmpIfpsS m]\ntev \bn Ncn{Xkw`hfntevHct\zjWw. FgpXpXv tUm. sPbnwkv ]penbp dp n.

DSw

26

12sFIyw AIsebIn\m am tPmv Betcnbpambn Pn. ISqmdbn \Sp A`napJw. kmaqlnIhpw k`m]chpamb B\pImenI {]iv\tfmSp {]XnIcWw.

25hnIm cn bm p I fpwk`m h fbpwXrq, tImbw hnImcnbmpIfpsS m]\w HcpXpSw am{Xambncpp. AXns\pSv kotdmae_m k` t\Snb hfbntev Hct\zjWw. tUm.{^mkokv tXmWnmd kn.Fw.sFbpsS teJ\w.

23Nmhdb\pw kzbw`cWm[nImchpwkotdmae_m k`bpsS Ncn{Xnepw AXv kzbw`cWw t\Sp Xnepw Nmh d b sbpw kn. Fw.sFk\ym kkaql n sbpw kw`m h \ I Fm bncpp? ^m. tXmakv ]mens At\zjWw.


7/52

7amv 2012

35

03 FUn tm dn b

08 {]XnIcW

34 Imt\m\n Iusk

45 tbmK km [\

50 Ayhn[n

40AXn Po h \ ns KmY\nXym Im c n \np AXn Po h \ nst\m gvN I ]Ip X cp hnP b e van bpsS"Bgn' (amXr`qan s^{_phcn 19 25) F IhnXsbbmWv Cu en ]cnNbsSppXv.35

38A\pIcWfpsS ]cnanXnIB[p \nI ImeL n kXy n\v kw`hnp]oVm \p h ns Nn{Xw hcp Imp hn. Zneo]ns "anan{In', kv{XobpsS AkzX{Xbvv kv{XoXs \nan am Ip pshv Nqn m p t{KknbpsS "hcvt]mv' Fo IYIfmWv Cu en]cn N b s Sp p Xv

29tIzmZv bmw{]osZwk`mflIam\hpw k`mZi\hpwtIzmZv bmw{]osZw F sslnI XncpshgpneqsSbmWv ]Xn aqmw setbm am]mm kpdn bm \nmmbn cp hnIm cn bm p I m]n Xv.AXns k`mflI am\fntev Hct\zjWw. FgpXpXv tUm. BWn afn.

42Xns ASbmfw{InkvXphns\ Npnn hnhmZhpw Xhpw Dbphcptm ss{IkvXhcpw k`bpw AhtbmSv {]XnIcntXv Fs\ bmWv? Iyq Wnp hn hImcnIfpsSIqsS {InkvXpNn{Xw {]XnjvTnXnsbpw Xncph m g Imq Wn sbpw ]m e n Hct\z jWw.

13


8/52

8 ImcpWnI amv 2012

{]XnIcW

ImcpWnI\nse hn`htfmSv {]XnIcnph At\IcmWv. {InbmflIamb

NbmWv {]XnIcWfneqsS ]pdp hcpXv. hmb\mcpsS GXp {]XnI

cWhpw _lpam\]qw kzoIcnm\pw am\yambn AhXcnnm\pap {]Xn

_X R hopw Gp ]dbpp. Xpd Bib{]IS\neqsSbpw {]Xn

] _lpam\tmsSbp kwhmZneqsSbpw kaqlnse aqeyt{iWnv{InkvXobambn Znimt_m[w \Ip {]{Inbbn \mw ]ptNcpIbmWv.

]{Xm[n]

{]IrXnsb kwcnpItIcfw ssZhns kzw \mSv Fdnb

sSpp. ImcWw Cu \mSv {]IrXncaWob

amWv. Cu av ^e`qbnjvTamWv. Fm Irjn

pw A\ptbmPyamb amWv \ptSXv. BbXpsImv hyXykvXamb IrjncoXnI \ap

pv. [mcmfw \ZnI \appv. kkyPp

Pmesmv kamWv \psS \mSv.

Cu \mSns\ kwcnpsImv ASp Xe

apdsb `ctanpIbmWv \psS ZuXyw.

Cu ZuXyw hnPbnWsan {]IrXnsb

\ kvt\lnWw. {]IrXn hn`h h

nnm km[nWw. Irjne Xcn

ip`qanbmbn InSmsX, Infv Irjnbndp

hm km[nWw. AXn\v Khsansbpw

av CXckmaqlykwLS\IfpsSbpw klmb

e`yamWw. \psS tdmUns Ccph

ihpw XW ac hp]nSnnWw. `yhn`h kzbw DmZnnphm km[n

Ww.

Ftmgpw aphsc B{ibnmsX Pohn

Wsan Irjn \apv AXymt]nX

amWv. kvIq hnZym`ymkns\mw IrjncoXn

Ifpw apw ]Tnnphm\pw \apv km[n

Ww. IpnIsf sNdpw apXte {]IrXn

kvt\lnIfmbn hfnsmphcm\p

DchmZnXzw A[ym]Ipv. A{]Imcw

sNptm ssZhw \apv \Inb Cu at\m

lcamb \mSns\ kwcnp aptdphm

\apv km[npw.

^m. ^nenv haw

sk v tPmk^v Nv

{]Xymi \IphmI

"\ns cmPyw htcWta' Fp Znhkhpw

]ehw {]mnphcmWv \ ss{IkvXh. ssZhcmPysam \oXnbpw kam

[m\hpw Bflmhn ktmjhpamWtm.

kzImcytaJebn tPmensNp \gvkpam

ISp A\oXnbvp hnt[bcmsW bmYm

yw Cv Fmhpw Adnbmw. AhcpsS

Zb\ob i_vZw Fmhcpw AwKoIcnp XpS

n FXp {]Xymi \Ip hmbmWv.

{InkvXphns t]cn BXpcmeb \S


9/52

9amv 2012

p ss{IkvXh k`mm]\fnembn

cpp \oXn BZyw \SmtnbncpXv. "Imcp

WnI' t]mep k`m {]knoIcW

AhktcmNnXambn {]XnIcnpIXnhenb ktmjw tXmpp. e sIm

Spp {]Kcmb tUmIvSamsc ktmjnn

p Bip]{Xn A[nIrX C\n ]mhs

\gvkpamcpsS ASnm\mhiy IqSn ]cnK

Wnv Cu taJebn \oXn ]pem Xm

dmIpsav {]Xonpp.

\psS hnZym`ymk m]\fn \npw

C\n A\oXn XpSp amtnbncnpp.

t]mv {KmtUzv _ncpZ t\Snb Aym]Ipw Znhkqenmp ifwt]mepw

\ImXncnpI, Ah[nmev bmsXmcp

thX\hpw \ImXncnpI, henb XpIbvv

ckoXv Hnphmnbnp Xpamb XpI am{Xw

\IpI XpSn ss{IkvXthmNnXam

\nch[n A\ymb k`mafmb Aym]

ItcmSv Imphm amt\Pvsan\p aSnbn. F{X

bpw thKw Cu taJebnse A\oXnbpw XpSp

amsSWw. "ImcpWnI' CXpw {inp

atm.

ssZhw BZnamXm]nXmp Pw \In

Ahp hknphm at\mlcamb DZym\w

\nnp sImSpp. Cu DZym\n {]IrXn

bpsS Fm \Ifpw A\p`hnp Pohn a\p

jyatfmSp IqSn ssZhw hknp. Fm ]dp

Zokmbvp ]pdms a\pjy Gsd k

cmbtm {]ikvXnpthn am\w app

_mt_ tKm]pc \nnm Hcpsp.

Cu Almcw ssZhw CjvSsn. Ah NnX

dnsp.

tIcfnse Itmenm tZhmeb

Cu ]cnnXnsb AhKWnpIbmWv. ioXf

Omb \Ip hreXmZnI Cp \psS

tZhmeb ]cnkcfn ImWpn. FhnsS

bpw Ipsd hnIrXcq]. amXmhns\bpw am

]msbbpw tXmamolmsbbpw HsbmWv

Nn{XoIcnpsXnepw Chsbms oIc cq]

fmbnmWv ImWpXv. tZhmeb Xs

_mt_ tKm]pcsf A\pkvacnnpp.

\psS tZhmebp {KmaoW ]me

tam emfnXytam CmXmbncnpp.tImbpw Xncph\]pcpw ]gb s{]m

v anj\dnam \nn tZhmebfpw

Ahbvp Nppap at\mlcamb hrkap

bfpw Itmencmb \ Hp t\cnp

Im sImmw. ]cnnXn kwcWs

Ipdnp \ Kuchambn NnnWw. ImcWw

ssZhw CjvSsSpXp {]IrXnbpsS at\mlm

cnXbmWv; _mt_ tKm]pcf.

Pbnwkv sFkIvIpSamfq

{]IrXnsb AdnvPohnpI

krjvSnbpsS Ghpw aIpSambn a\pjys\

ssZhwkrjvSnsXv ss__n hyamp

p. "a\pjys \m\mhn[ Dbbvmbn, \

bvmbn Imhmb ssZhw {]IrXnsb, ]cn

nXnsb cq]I]\ sNbvXncnpp. Fm

a\pjy Xs kzmtaml hgn ]cnn

Xnsb, {]IrXn hn`hsf NqjW hnt[bam

nbXn AXv a\pjyPohnXns FmXpd

Itfbpw {]XnIqeambn _m[nncnppshv

B[p\nI temIw Xs kmnbmWv. Imem

hm hyXnbm\, A\pZn\w hnphcp

]pXnb tcmK, P\km{X Ipdhv Fn

h Cns temIns sXfnhmWv. Cu Ak

penXmhbvv amw kw`hnWsan

{kjvSmhmb ssZhw {]IrXn hn`hsf, ]cn

\psS tZhmebp

{KmaoW ]metam

emfnXytam

CmXmbncnpp


10/52

10 ImcpWnI amv 2012

]cnnXnsb IqSp X Kuc h tmsS

kao ]n m t{]cn n p hn[ n emWv

Ign ew Imcp Wn I AWn bn smcp n

b Xv. A`n \ \ ! hmb\msc Nnn nphm\pw, {]hrnbntev B\bnm\pw DX

Ip h bm bn cpp B teJ \ .

ac sfbpw, ]pgI sfbpw, ]p In Sn I

sfbpw kvt\ln m \pw, ]cn ]m en m \pw, D

c hm Zn Xz tmsS Cu {]Ir Xn tbmSv {]Xn I cn

m\pw \apv km[n Ww. an t\mSpw

sh tm Spw, mhn X e ap d tbmSpw \oXn Imt

Xv Ime L ns A\n hm cy X bm Wv.

^m. ktmjv Itcmp sht \n eqv s^mtdm\]n, tImbw

]cnnXn kwcWhpwPekwcWhpw

]cnnXn kwcWn Hmtcm ss{I

kvXh\pw ]p tNcWw. AXn\mbn Fsmw

sNm Ignbpsav CShImSnm\n

NnnpIbpw {]hnpIbpw thWw. `qan

bn \apv AhImiapXpt]mse Xs

Nne ISaIfpw DchmZnXzfpapv. AXn

s\pdnv \ Xobmbpw t_m[hmamcm

bncnWw.

]mcnnXnI Imcyfn ss{IkvXh

DWp {]hnWw. ]nv Nppap

hnkvXrXamb hfsc henb Afhv e

]napamnamn tIm{Iov sNp Ah

bpv. AXv \nemWw. ImcWw

AhnsS shw Xmgm\p Ahkcw C. hf

tctbsd ew Cs\ shw anendmkm[nmsX tIm{Iov sNmdpv. am{Xa

`qanbn shw Xmgm IqSpX Ahkcw

DmnsImSppIbpw thWw. agpgnIfpw

sNdnb Ipffpsams CXn\v klmbnp

hbmWv. Ncn qant]mepw XpXmbn Xncnv

AXn AhnShnsS agpgnIfpw Dmn

bm henb Afhv Pew anendm CS

bmIpw. hcpw Xeapdsb Imncnp `oIcm

nXnsb Imp]cn]menpXpt]mse

krjvSnbmb a\pjy {kjvSmhmb ssZhns

at\m`mhtmSpIqsS X\nv \bvmbn \

Inbncnp {]IrXn hn`hsf \oXn]q

hpw [mnI]chpambn hn\ntbmKnptmgm

Wv ssZhtmSp IqsS ]dpZokmbn hkn

p A\p`hw krjvSnbmb a\pjy\v Dm

IpXv F DmgvNbmWv Cu ]wnbn

eqsS DfhmIpXv. Ccw Hcp hnjbw Imcp

WnI\neqsS AhXcnnXn\v \n. C\nbpw

IqSpX kmaqly{]kamb hnjbfpw

Bflobhnjbfpw ImcpWnI\neqsS N

sNsSs Fv Biwknpp.

^m. ktmjv hneywIq

tlmfnnIv hnj""Hcp ssX \Sptm

Hcp XW \Spp

\Sp \nhm s\mcp

Ipfn \ng \Spp''

(H.F.hn. Ipdpv Hcp ssX \Sptm)


11/52

11amv 2012

hbmb PeZue`yn\v BizmkIc

amhpw Ccw {]h\. ImcpWnI\v

A`n\\

^m. tPm Ihenmvsk v tPmk^v Nv, ]mgqc

`mhnXeapdbvv thn"]cnnXn' F hnjbs Bkv]Z

amn ImcpWnI\nse teJ\ at\mlcam

bncnpp.

]cnnXnsbpdnv Hcp Aht_m[hpw

AXnep ss{IkvXh [spdnp

t_m[yhpw Dmm teJ\n\v Ignnpv. Cs kmlNcyw XpSpt]mbm

2060 BIptmtgpw Cu `qanbpsS Ah

FmIpsav BistSnbncnpp.

shw Inm\nm Ah DmIpsav

]T\ kqNnnpp. Ctm apXt

Cmcyn Hcp IcpXtemSpw [mcWtbmSpw

IqSn {]hntnbncnpp. Hmtcmcp

cpw F{X Afhv Pew D]tbmKnWw Fv

Ctmtg Xocpam\ntnbncnpp. am{Xa

]cnnXn kwcWm{]h\fn Hmtcm

ss{IkvXh\pw ]mfnbmtb Xocq. CShImwK

fnse t_m[hcWhpw ]cnnXn kwc

W {]h\fpw CShI ASnm\

n efnXambn sNmhptXbpq. bph

P\kwLS\Ihgn CXv km[yamm\mhpw.

Rm apv hnImcnbmbncp ]mamwtImSv

CShIbn ]ntaS ]Wnpthn Ipdp

ac apdnpamtn hp. Fm ]noSv

]p acp ]Icw 1000 ac CShImwK hgnbmbn AhchcpsS sXmSnIfn

hp]nSnnpIbpmbn. Ctm Fw.kn.

ssh.Fw hgn Hmtcm IpSpw_nepw Ipncnw

\p]nSnnm Xocpam\nnpv. aec k

okv skmssknbpsS B`napJyn hr

ssXIfpw hnXcWw \Snbnpv. CXpt]mse

bp {]h\fnsemw Hmtcm ss{IkvX

h\pw ]mfnbmhmw. As\ \apv hcpw Xe

apdbvv ip`Icamb PohnXw ssIamdmw. Imcp

WnIs kmaqly{]Xn_Xbp {]h\

v BiwkI Anpp.

^m. tPmk sImpXpnbntk{I v lm v Nv, X\w

ImtW Nne ]cnnXnImgvNI

Ign ew Imcp Wn I {]kn o I cn

"]cn nXn' F hnjbw hfsc Ahk tcmNn

Xamb Hmbn cp p. ]cn n Xn tbmSv Kuc h

tmsS CS s] Sm \pw, ]cn nXn {]iv\

\psS Xs {]iv\ fmbn IW m m\pw

]nv Nppap

hnkvXrXamb e

]napamnamn

tIm{Iov sNp

Ah \nemWw.

CXv t{]cn npw. \psS Ip I Xpdv

\ ImtW Nne "]cn nXn ImgvN I'

Dv F kXys Ign ew Imcp Wn

I \mbn Ah X cn n p.

ss{IkvX h cmb \mw IqSp X [mnI

D c hm Zn Xz tmsS Cu qansb kao]n Ww.

ImSn s\bpw taSn t\bpw kvt\ln m IqSp X

]Tn Ww. bmsXmcp hnth N \ hpw, ZoL ho

WhpanmsX B[p\nI a\pjy {]IrXntbmSp

Imp AXn {I a In sp \Sn cp Xv.

D c hm Zn Xz ns An \psS Dn Fcn

p XpS Ww.

""ImSv t]mbm \mSp t]mIpw

\mSpt]mbm \mmcpw t]mIpw''

CXp hmkvX hat?..

^m. jnt\mPv mp gn bn

auv Im Nv, Xncp q


12/52

12 ImcpWnI amv 2012

A`napJw

1887, sabv 20\v \S tImbw XrqFo cv hnImcnbmpIfpsS m]\w,amtmam {InkvXym\nIfpsS kzbw cWn\pthnbp \ncc ]cn{ian\p AwKoImcambncpp. B \nebvv, Cucv hnImcnbmpI tadt]cnep cv cq]XIv e`n AwKoImca.adnv amtmm {InkvXym\nIvsamambn InnbXmWv FpthWw a\nemm. AXn\m, hnImcnbmpIfpsS m]\tmS\p_np 125 hjs Pq_nenbmtLmjw, kotdmae_mk` BIam\w \St Ht?

hnImcnbmpIfpsS cq]hXvcWw Xo

bmbnpw amtmam {InkvXym\nIfpsS kzbw

`cWm[nImcn\pthnbp ]cn{ians

BZys AwKoImcamsWv ]dbm Ignbpw.

AXn\v apt Xs, Nmhd Ipcymtmkv

sFIyw AIsebIn\m tPmv Betcn / Pn. ISqmdbn

Genbmkv As\, kotdmae_m k`mhnizm

knIfpsS hnImcn P\dmfmbn \nbanpsImv

amtmam kpdnbm\n k`masf ]cnip knw

lmk\w AwKoIcnncpp. hnImcnbmpIfpsS

m]\w k`sbmmsI BtLmjnpXv

\mbncnpsamWv k`bnse ]nXmmcpsS

FmhcpsSbpw A`n{]mbw. C\nbp Imew

C{]Imcw hnImcnbmpIfpsS m]\s

BtLmjnmsa Nn kzmKXmlamWv.

kotdm ae_m k`bn, kotdm ae_m k`bpsS sFIyw, AXnse Hmtcmcq]XbpsS kzbw`cWmhImiw Fo cvhyXykvX Imcyfpv. CtmgscoXnbn Hmtcm cq]Xbpw AXns kzbw`cWmhImin\v IqSpX {]m[m\ywsImSppXmbn tXmpp. kotdmae_m k`bpsS sFIyn\v IqSpXDu \Im FpsNm ]pw?

anem\n \nv tdmantebvp aqp aWnqdp \o Hcp s{Sbn bm{Xbn In \m am tPmv Betcn sm w, Imcp Wn I\pthn Pn.

ISqmdbn tNcpp. hyn]chpw k`mkw_hpamb Nne tNmZy.

hyXbpw \nv]Xbpw Hnp Dc. In\m, ImcpWnI

t\mSv Imcy IcpXtemsS ]phbvpp.


13/52

13amv 2012

hynk`bpsS sFIyhpw, AXnse cq]X

IfpsS autonomy bpw ]ckv]c _nXamb bmYm

yamWv. Hmtcm cq]Xbpw hynk`bpsS

sFIys apnIpsImv thWw AXns

kzX{amb {]h\ \nlnm.

AXpt]mse Xs, hynk` kn\U kwhn

[m\neqsS {]hnptm Hmtcm cq]

XbptSbpw kzX{amb hfbvpw ]ptcmKXnpw th{X kmlNcy krjvSnt

XmWv. t]mpKokpImcpsS hchn\v tijw

eok`bpsS cWn Iogn, amtmam

{InkvXym\nIfpsS k`, cv hnImcnbmpI

Bcw`nv, 20Hmfw cq]XI BbXn\ptijamWv,

Hcp hynk`bmb kotdmae_m k`bmbn

AwKoIcnsXv. sshhnyn \nmWvCu

k` sFIyntev hncnpXv. AXp

sImmWv, sshhnyam NnIfptSbpw

{]h\ ssienIfptSbpw kzm[o\w Cu k`

bn CtmgpXv. sFIyn \nv sshhny

ntevhfncppshn sshhnynepw

sFIyw \ne\nsSm Ffpambncpp. C\napX Atm vk`bpsS sFIys ap\nn,

k`mafpw, sa{Xmmcpw \nccambn {]h

nm ]cn{ianm Ime{Ian ]q

ambn sFIyn Fntcm km[npw

FXn\v kwiban.

sshZnIv aqtm Atm hjIqSptm ewamw Dv. \psS kaqlfn AXv e{]ZamWv Xm\pw. FpsImv \apv Atm ]tm hj

IqSptm _njpampw ewamw \InqSm? kotdm ae_m k`bpsSsFIyn\v AXv Hcp apXqmhnt?

sshZnIcptSXpt]mep sa{XmmcpsS ew

amw F Bibw Itmenm k`bn Fp

am{Xa, HmtUmIvkv k`bntmepw \S

nenm Hcp hkvXpXbmWv. sshZnI Hmtcm

CShIbnepw {]hnpXv, sa{XmmcpsS

t\XrXzn cq]X aptmv hbvp AP

]me\ ]XnIfpsS ASnm\nemWv. CuAP]me\ ]XnIvHcp ss\ccyw Dmbn

cntXmhiyamWv. sa{XmmcpsS ZoLIme

ip{iqjbmWvAXv DdphcppXv . AXn\m

sshZnIcpsSbpw sa{XmmcptSbpw ip{iqjIsf

XmcXaysSppXv icnb. sa{Xmmsc CS

bvnsS ewamnbm cq]Xbn sFIyn\p

]Icw inYneXbmWv DmhpI.

kotdm ae_m k`bpsS kpKaamb

{]h\n\v hnm IqcnbbpsSamXrIbn sk vtXmakv aun Xmaknv Imcy \nlnp sa{XmmcpsS t\XrXznep hnhn[ Unmpsap I Bcw`ntXt?

hnm IqcnbbpsS AtX amXrIbnes

nepw sshhnyam ip{iqjm kwhn[m\w

sk vtXmakv aun DmIWsa A n{]mbw

AwKoIcnXmWv. CXn\Iw, k`bpsS Iqcn

bmbpsS {]h\ Ipsdtbsd hfn pv.


14/52

14 ImcpWnI amv 2012

C\nbpw hfcpsav {]Xonmw.

am. Icnbmn, am. ]mtdam FoImew sNbvX [oc k`m]nXmmcpsS

_lpam\mw \apspsNm\mhpw?Imew sNbvX k`m]nXmmscbpw t\Xm

mscbpw {]tXyI ImeknIfn A\pkva

cnv, Ah sNbvX tkh\sf k`mafpsS

]cnNn\n\pw ]T\n\pw PohnX \hoI

cWn\pw hnjbamtXmWv. Imew

sNbvXhv acWm\c _lpaXn \Ip

coXn k`bvn. Fm AhcpsS t]cn

kvamcIineItfm, hnZym`ymk kmwkvmcnI

{]h\tfm XpSpXv \mbncnpw.

kmlNcy krjvSnpIbpw sNmw. AXp

t]mse, anjs\ kmnIambn klmbnm

{]tXyI ISabpv FXv kwibmXoXamWv.

AXn\pthn anj ^v cq]oIcnm k`

Bcw`nnpv. ImcpWnI hmb\mcpw DZmc

ambn klmbnpsav {]Xonpp.

Av Ctm In\m Bbn XncsSpsncnpp. ]t In\m]Zhn, eo k`bnse Hcp m\amWv.Hcp ]uckvXyk`bpsS taP Bv_njvF \nebn Av In\m ]Zhn\nckntXmbncpp, Fsmcp A`n{]mbw NnteSfn \nv Dbncpp.

FpsImmWv Av In\m ]ZhnkzoIcnXv?

In\m ]Zhn, Ncn{Xn eo k`

bpsS Hcp hyhnXnbmbn hfp hXmWv.

{ItaW Itmenm k`bpsS Iqmbvabnep

]uckvXykÌpw In\mm\w

\Insmv, B kÌfnse sa{Xmmpw

km{XnI k`bpsS AP]me\n {]mXn

\n[yhpw `mK`mKnXzhpw \Ip ]Xnhv \ne

hn hnpv. AXn\m ]uckvXy kÌfnsetaeymcpw Cu m\w kzoIcnpXpw,

am]mbpsS XncsSpn ]sSppXpw

DNnXamWv.

""ImcpWnI'' {]knoIcWns]mw hjntev ISpIbmWv.Fv D]tZiamWv Atbvv \Im\pXv.

sshZnIpw, k`m ip {iq j Ipw ssZhimkv{X]chpw AP]me\ ]chpamb klmbhpw

hgn Im ep amWv ImcpWnI \nlnpXv.

Nnetm Nne hnjb N sNptm

hmb\mcn \nv A`n{]mb hyXymk

{innpv. A`n{]mb hyXymk Nbn

kzm`mhnIamWv. k`mh fbvv tbmPnp

hn[n NIsf Xncnp hnSm\pw {Inbmfl

Iambn {]hnm\pw km[ns Fv Biw

knpp.

hnImcnbmpIfpsS

m]\w k`sbmmsI

BtLmjnpXv

\mbncnpsamWv

k`bnse ]nXmmcpsS

FmhcpsSbpw A`n{]mbw.

Cu hjw "anj Cb' BWv. anj{]tZisfbpw cq]XItfbpw amXrk`thhn[n klmbnpn F]cmXnsbpdnv?

]ccmKX cq]XIfntep ssZhhnfn

t]mse Xs anjcq]XIfntep ssZhhnfnIfpw t{]mmlnnstSXmWv. Fm

ssZhhnfn a\pjy krjvSnpX, ssZhw

\Ip Zm\amWv. Hmtcm hnfnbptSbpw kz`mhw

A\pkcnp XymKw GsSpm\p {]tXyI

hcw bpha\pIv sImSppXv ssZhw

XsbmWv. bYm anj ssZhhnfnbph,

anj cq]XIfn sNvtNcpw Fv ssZh]cn

]me\bpsS ASnm\n \apv hnizkn

mw. AXn\pthn {]mnpIbpw tbmPn


15/52

15amv 2012

amtmam \{kmWn k`

k`m N cn{Xw

Ncn{Xaplq

]pcmX\Imew52 tXmamolmbpsS BKa\w sImSpq72 tXmamolmbpsS ckmnXzw Nn

ae189190AeIvkm{nbbn \np ]t\q

kns BKa\w Fhptk_nbqknsbpwPtdmansbpw tcJI

250 325 am ZmhoZv am tbmlm (Metropolitionof Inda)

325 \nJym kq\ltZmkn amtbmlmt]jymbpsSbpw CybpsSbpw sa{Xms\ \nebn

345 Iv\m\mbn sXms IpSntbw354 {Kop Ncn{XImc ntemkvt{XmPnbkv

tcJsSppX\pkcnv sXtbm^nesk Bcy anj\dn ae_m Xocv{InkvXym\nIsf Ipapn.

363 hn. Ft{ w FgpXpX\pkcnv, amtmam CybpsS AkvtXme

380 hn.{KnKdn \nbskamtmam Cy

bpsS AkvtXme390 hn. Awt{_mkvamtmam CybpsS

A kvtXme400 hn. Ptdmw amtmam CybpsS A

kvtXme522 tImkvakv CUntImtkv sXkv F

ss_kbn k\ymknbpsS {InkvXytSmtm{Km^nsb {Kw ae_m Xocv kpdnbm\n {InkvXy kaqlsIpapnb hnhcw

829 ]m{Xnbmnkv XntamtXbqkvI

ma am

ktm (sImw) am t{]mv (sImSpq) Fo cp sa{Xmmsc tIcfntev Abpp.

849 thWmSv cmPmhv A\SnI XncphSnIsIms \{kmWnIv Xncp]SnI{]tXyI B\pIqey \Ipp.

892 Xcnmnimk\w.1291 sattImhnt\mbnse tPm sImv1292 amtm t]mtfm Cybnsepp; {Inkv

Xym\nIsfpdnv kmysSppp.

1323 {^p tUman\n k\ymknbmb tbmZm\qkv Iem\n sImv.

1324 Atlw Mirabilia DescriptaF {Kw cNnpp.

1329 tbmlm 22ma ]m sImw cq]Xm]npp; tbmm\qkvIem\nsbsIms sa{Xm\mbn \nbanpp.

1346 tPm sZ adntmfnsb UetKvsImv Fpp.

t]mpKokv ImeLw1498 (sabv20) hmkv tIm Un KmabpsS BKa\w1504 am bmtm_v sImSpq sa{Xm1542 {^mkokv tkhydns kphntij{]N

cWw.1555 am tPmk v sa{Xm.1557 t]m \mema ]mm sImn cq]X m

]npp.1564 am A{_mlw Aamen sa{Xm\mbn \nb

ansSpp1567 Aamen AXncq]X

1597 am A{_mlns (Ahkm\s kpdn

amtmam \{kmWnIfpsS Ncn{X aplqsf kotdmae_m k`bpsS

`mKp\nv ImWm\p {iaamWnXv. CXn hnp sXpIfpw t]mcm

bvaIfpw NqnmWnm XncppXmbncnpw.]{Xm[n]


16/52

16 ImcpWnI amv 2012

bm\n sa{Xms) \ncymWw. kwkvmcwAamenbnse tlmaokv ]nbn

1599 (Pq 20 26) DZbw t]cq kq\ltZmkv1597 (\hw_ 5) { mkokv tdmkv Fkv. sP

kpdnbm\nmcpsS BZys eosa{Xm\mbn \nbanX\mIpp

1600 ]{ZphmtZm cWw kpdnbm\nmcpsSta1603 Aamen kq\ltZmkv1609 Aamen AXncq]XbpsS Bm\w

sImSpqtcv

hn`P\ns Imew1610 (Unkw_ 22) tKmhmbnse sat\knkv

sa{Xmtmeom amtmam {InkvXym\nIfpsS sa{XmtmeombpsS A[nImc ]cn[n ae_mdn\p sXtmmn Npcppp.

1647 Kmknbm sa{Xmtmeom, BpUos m\v m. Ptdmw pmtZmsbhnImcn P\dmfmbn \nbanpp

1652 am Al ssaemqcn hv cvUomsc ImWpIbpw BpUo\vktiw sImSpbpIbpw sNpp

1653 BpUo\pw Iq cpw am AlfsbkzoIcnm sImnbntev t]mIppt]mpKokpIm Alfsb sIms

SpnbXmbn A`ylw1653 (P\phcn 3) Iq\Ipcnip kXyw1653 (sabv 22) BpUo tXmakns\ Be

mphvsa{Xm\mbn A`ntjIw sNpp1654 Kmknbm sa{XmtmeombpsS acWw1659 (Unkw. 3) hcmpg hnImcnbmns m

]\w1659 (Unkw. 15) sk_ym\n OCDsb sa{Xm\m

bn A`ntjIw sNpp1659 (Unkw. 17) sk_ym\n sa{Xm ae_m

dns AUvan\nt{kj

1662 UpIm sImn IogSpp; am sk_kvXym\n ]pdmsSpp

1663 ]dn Nmn ae_mdns BZyskpdnbm\n hnImcn AkvtXmenm

16651671 Pdpktep\np am{KntKmdntbmkv bmtm_mb hnizmk{]NcWw

1687 am ]dn Nmn sa{Xms \ncymWw1704 tPm dnt_tdm S.J sImSpq (]mt{Zm

hmtZm) sa{Xmtmeobmbn \nba\w1709 hcmpg hnImcnbpw, ae_m hnImcn

bmpw \nempp

1782 am tPmk v Icnbmnsb sImSpqsa{Xmtmeobmbn ]m{ZphmtZm \nbanpp.

1783 am IcnbmnbpsS sa{Xm ntjIw t]m pKense enkv_Wn

1786 am Icnbmn tKmhmbn hv acnpp.]mtdm tXmam I\m sImSpq AXncq]XbpsS tKmhWtZmdmbn(AUvan\nkvt{S) \nbanX\mIpp

1787 Aamen ]Snbmte1799 ]mtdm tXmam I\m acnpp1805 Nmhd Ipcymtmkv Genbmkns P\\w

t{]mpImcpsS hchv1818 CMS anj\dnamcpsS BKa\w1831 CMI k\ymk kaqlns m]\w1833 amm\v skan\mcn1838 sImSpq, sImn cq]XI \nem

pp. AhbpsS {]tZi hcmpgcq]XtbmSv tNpp

1861 tdmtmkv ioiva. Nmhd IpcymtmkvGenbmks\ kpdnbm\nmcpsS hnImcnP\dmfmbn \nbanpp

1866 CMC k\ymkn\n kaqlns m]\w1866 ]p]n skan\mcn m]\w

1866 awKepg (skan\mcnp) ewhmpp1871 Nmhd Ipcymtmkv Genbmks

\ncymWw1874 am taeqkv tIcfnsepp1874 (HIvtSm_) am taeqkns\ tdmw k`m

{`jvS\mpp1876 kn. adnbw t{XkvXymbpsS P\\w1876 amtmam k`bpsS XpSw Xncph1877 (HIvtSm_ 12) asken\qkv OCD bpsS

sa{Xm`ntjIw

1877 (\hw 15) am sken\qkv sa{Xm\vkpdnbm\nmcpsS ta A[nImcw

1886 sImn cq]X ]pkxm]npp; Cybn eo lbcmnbpsS m]\whcmpgsb AXncq]Xbmn Dbpp

kzbw`cWns Imew1887 (sabv20) kpdnbm\nmv cv hnImcnbm

pI Xrqcpw, tImbhpw; Nmkvehopw, AtUm^v saUventmpwsa{Xmm


17/52

17amv 2012

1888 (Unkw. 14) mck`bpsS XpSw1890 tImbw hnImcnbmns Bm\w

N\mtcnbntev ampp1891 tXh]dn Ips P\\w

1892 hnkntj k\ymkn\n kaqlnsXpSw

1896 FdWmIpfw hnImcnbmns m]\w,Xrqcpw N\mticnbpw ]p\{IaoIcnpp

1908 Bcm[\m k\ymkn\n (SABS) kaqlns XpSw

1911 (P\p. 11) XncplrZb k\ymkn\n kaqlns XpSw

1911 (BK. 29) tImbw hnImcnbmnsm]\w Iv\m\mb kaqln\v

1914 tlmfn manen k\ymkn\n kaqlnsXpSw

1921 Oblater of Sacred Heart k\ymk kaqlns Bcw`w

1923 kotdm ae_m lbcmn m]\w; FdWmIpfw AXncq]X

1926 kn. adnbw t{XkymbpsS acWw1927 Sisters of the Destitute (SD)k\ymkn\n kaql

ns XpSw1928 Sisters of St. Josephs Congragation XpSw

1931 CST k\ymk kaqlns XpSw1932 awKepg skan\mcn m]\w1933 MCBS k\ymk kaqlns XpSw1944 Congregation of Sisters of Charity bpsS XpSw1944 MSJ k\ymkn\n kaqlns XpSw1948 CSN k\ymkn\n kaqlns XpSw1948 Sisters of St. Martha k\ymkkaqlns

XpSw1949 Assisi Sisters of Mary Immaculate s XpSw1950 ]mem cq]X1952 Fhpt{XkymbpsS acWw

1953 ImUn\ XndmMns ki\w1953 Xetcn cq]X1956 N\mtcn AXncq]XbmIpp1957 [mcmw tImtfPns m]\w1958 ^m. mknUv s]mSnmd tdmanse ae_m

tImtfPns sdIvSdmIpp1961 Samaritan Sisters s XpSw1962 Omm cq]X (almcmjv{S)1962 hShmXq skan\mcnbpsS m]\w1968 Malabar Missionary Boothers s XpSw

1968MST

XpSw

1968 kmK, kXv\, Dss cq]XI1969 DST XpSw1972 _nPvt\m, PKZ]q cq]XI1973 am\hmSn cq]X1974 ]memSv cq]X1977 cmPvtm v cq]X, Imncn cq]X1977 SKD k\ymkn\n kaqlns XpSw1978 CcnmepS cq]X1978 {]hmkn kotdmae_mdpImcpsS Akv

tXmenIv hnkndmbn am BWn ]Snbdsb tPmt]m 1ma ]m \nbanpp

1984 tKmcJv]q cq]X1985 mknUs acWw1986 tPmt]m cma ]mmbpsS ki

\w Nmhdb\pw, At^mkmbpwhmgvsh1986 Xmactcn, Iym cq]XI1989 Sisters of St. Thomas kaqlns XpSw

taP BnFnkvtIm k`1992 FdWmIpfw Aamen taP Bn Fn

kvtIm cq]X1993 BWn ]Snbd BZytaP Bp_njv

am A{_mlw Impa\ s]mn^nUetKv. BZy kn\Uv

1995 Xrq, Xetcn AXncq]XIfmIpp1996 am BWn ]Snbd m\samgnbpp.am hn hnXbn AkvtXmenIvAUvan\nkvt{S

1996 Xe cq]X1998 taP Bp_njns Bm\w Im

\m v1999 _mSn, AZnem_mZv cq]XI2000 adnbw t{Xkym hmgvsh2001 NnmtKm cq]X2002 CSpn cq]X

2005 tImbw AXncq]XbmIpp2006 tXh]dn Ip, Fhyp{]mkym

hmgvsh2007 `{ZmhXn cq]X2008 At mkm hnipbmIpp2010 amfiym, cma\mY]pcw cq]XI2011 (G{]n1) am hn ]nXmhns \ncymWw2011 (sabv 24 ) am tPmPv Betcn aqm

as taP Bp_njv2012 am tPmPv Betcn In\m ]Zhn

bntev


18/52

18 ImcpWnI amv 2012

t]m

k`m N cn{Xw

pKokpImcpsS BKa\tmSp

IqSn amtmam\{kmWnIfpsS

k`bpsS ZniamdpIbmWv. 1599 se DZbwt]cq

kq\ltZmkphgn Cu k` HutZymKnIambn

eo k`bpsS Iognembn. XpSv GXmv

300 hjtfmfw (1887 hsc) 2 hyXykvX eo

`cWm[n]XyfpsS (Jurisdiction) Xm]cy\pkcnmbncpp Cu k`bpsS `mhn. 1599

apX t]mpKokv ]t{Zm]mtZm cWhpw 1653

se Iq\ Ipcniv kXyspSv tdmanse

s{]mKm cWhpw tIcfn Bcw`np. Ch

cpw hyXykvX `cWkwhn[m\fmbncpp

shnepw amtmam \{kmWnIfpsS Xm]cy

fpw hnizmkfpw BNmcfpw ]menm

Ch cpw XSfmbncpp.

1886 ]mt{Zm]mtZm \nemnbtXmsS

t]mpKokpImv amtXmam {InkvXym\nI

fpsS taep AhImifpw A[nImcfpw

CmXmbn. 1887 cv kpdnbm\n hnImcnbmp

I kpdnbm\n Itmenmbn m]np

Xphsc Hcphjw (18861887) amtXmam {Inkv

Xym\nI s{]mKm `cWnIognep

hcmpg sa{XmsmeombpsS Iogn, kpdnbm

\nbpw eo\pw AmsX, Ignp. Fm

CsXmcp XmmenI kwhn[m\ambncpp.

tUm. sPbnwkv ]penbpdpnt{]m^k, k`mNcn{Xw, hShmXq skan\mcn

1887embn cpp Xrq, tImbw hnIm cn bm p I kpdn bm \n mmbn

m]nXambXv. Cu hnImcnbmpIfpsS m]\ntev \bn Ncn{Xkw`h fntev Hct\zj Ww.

amtXmam {InkvXym\nIv {]tXyI `cW

kwhn[m\w \Iphm Ign 10 hjfmbn,

taeqkv ioivasb XpSv, tdmw BtemNnpI

bmbncpp. hnImcnbmv m]\n\p app

10 hjfnse hnhn[ BtemN\Ifpw

]XnIfpw {]h\fpamWv\mw Cu teJ\

n ImWpI.

AkvtXmenI ki\s{]mKmbpsS Iognep hcmpg hnImcn

AkvtXmenbvv B hnImcnbmnep

eo ItmencpsStaepw kpdnbm\n

ItmencpsStaepw A[nImcapmbncpp.

hcmpgbpsS Ahkm\s hnImcn AkvtXm

enI _njv setbm\mUv sat\m H.kn.Un

(18681886) Bbncpp. apKmanIsftmse At

lhpw kpdnbm\n ItmencpsS Xm]cy

v {]m[m\yw sImSpn.

"kzw donepw \mnepw' s] sa{Xms\

Inmthn kpdnbm\n Itmen Xo{hambn

B{KlnXns ]cnWnX^eambncpp AhcpsS

k`bnepmb ]mcn, tdmtmkv, taeqkv

ioivaI amtXmam {InkvXym\nIfpsS bYm

B{Klhpw At]Ifpw am]msb Adnbn

m hcmpg sa{Xmam Xm]cyw ImWnn

hnImcnbmpIfpsSm]\w (1887) Ncn{X]mew


19/52

19amv 2012

Fv am{Xa,XSw \np

Ibpw Nnetmsgm

s AkXy tdm

ans\ AdnbnpIbpw

sNbvXncpp. amtXmam

{InkvXym\nIfpsS Xo{hamb

B{Klw Fm Ahkm\

s ioivabmb taeqkvioiv abneqsS (1874) tdman

\v t_m[ysp.

setbm sahvdn Fkv.sP (1876)samt\mbpsS FXnns\ hIhbvmsX

s{]mKm tIm {KntKj As t_mws_

hnImcn AkvtXmenbmbncp setbmsahvdn

s\ AkvtXmenI ki\n\mbn ae_mdn

tebvv Abp. 1876 sabv 6\v Atlw tIcf

nsen. hfsctbsd ]T\nsbpw At\zj

Wnsbpw shfnn kpdnbm\n Itmen

v {]tXyI cWkwhn[m\w \tIXm

sWv Atlw \nKa\nsen. tIcf k`

bnse {]iv\v]cnlmcw kpdnbm\n Itm

env am{Xambn Hcp sa{Xms\ \IpI F

XmsWvAtlw s{]mKm tIm {KntKjs\

Adnbnp.

CKvt\jykv {]kntm HF vFw1877 cmaXmbn ]cn. ]nXmhv XXvImcyn

\mbn tIcfntebvvAbXv Cenmc\mb

Ipn k`mwKamb CKvt\jykv t]kntm

sbbmWv. 1877 s^{_phcn 23 \v Atlw tIcf

nsen. eo Itmenpw hyXykvXhnImcnbmpI \tIXns BhiyIX

Atlw FSppImWnp. kpdnbm\n Itmen

v kzambn Hcp sa{Xms\ \tIXm

sWv Atlw A`n{]mbsp. XXv^eambn

]cn. ]nXmhv 9mw ]obqkv am]m s_cmZn am

sken F Ieom sshZnIs\, kpdn

bm\n Itmenv am{Xambn, Fm sam

t\mbvv Co-adjuctor auxiliary _njmbn, hmgnp.

1877 HIvtSm_ 21\mbncpp Atlns m

\mtcmlWw.

Fm amtmam {InkvXym\nI XpSpw

tdman\v AhcpsS ]cmXnI Adnbnv FgpXn.

kzwdons Hcp sa{Xms\bmWvXv

Bhiysapw, Csn ioivabvv hopw

kmyXbpspw tdmans\ Adnbnp. AhcpsS

]cmXnI ]cnKWnv Hcp sshZnIs\ hnImcn

P\dmfmbpw \mep sshZnIsc D]tZiIcmbpw

kpdnbm\n Itmencn\npw sXcsSp

m s{]mKm tIm{KntKj amskensa{Xmt\mSv Bhiysp. kpdnbm\nmcpsS

Bhiy AhtcmSvBtemNnv sNWsav

tdmw \njvjnncppshnepw hnImcn P\dm

sftbm D]tZiIsctbm \nbanm amsken

sa{Xm Iqmnbn.

BWn AenbmUn1884 sabv 23\v BWn AenbmUns\ East

Indies

se BZyAkvtXmenI {]Xn\n[nbmbn\nbanp. 1885 Atlw tIcfw kinp.

tIcfk`bnse AkzkvYXbvv ImcWw kzw

sa{Xm\vthnbp AhcpsS Xo{hamb A`nem

jamWv Fv Atlw a\nemn. kpdnbm\n

Itmenvcv hnImcnbmpI \Ip

XmWvIqSpX A`nImaysav Atlw s{]mKm

bvv FgpXppv. Fm \mpsa{Xms\

DSs\ sImSppXv _pn]cambncnpIbn

Fv IqSn Atlw tdmans\ [cnnppv.


20/52

20 ImcpWnI amv 2012

"AhcpsS Bhiyw Ctm t\SnsmSpm

AXvAhcpsS AhImiamtb ImWq; Ah AXvt\SnsbSppXmbpw hcpw. Fm Ah \n\

ncnm Ahkcn ]cnKWnm AXv

\psS `mKp\npw Ahv sNbvXpsImSp

p HuZmcyambn tXmpw' CXmbncpp Aen

bmUnbpsS A`n{]mbw.

]{ZphmtZm \nempp;Cybn eo lbcmnm]npp.

tdmw Ab aqv {]Xn\n[nIfpsSbpw A`n

{]mb s{]mKm ]cnKW\bvsSpp.

kpdnbm\nmv{]tXyI hnImcnbmv \Ip

Xns aqsmcpambnmbncpp Cu ki

\fpw dntm vAhXcWfpw. Fm tIcf

n kpdnbm\nmsc {]tXyIambn ]cKWn

Wsan AXn\papmbn eoImcpsS X\n

abpw sFIyhpw BZyambn hyamtXpm

bncpp. ImcWw eo k`bpw s{]mKm

`cWkoaIfnembn hn`Pnsncpp. CXp

apgph\pw 4 t]mpKokv ]{ZphmtZm cq]XIfmbn hn`PnsncpXn\m tdman\v t]mepw

Cybn cq]XI m]nmt\m sa{Xmmsc

hmgntmt\m \nbaw A\phZnpnmbncpp.

AXn\m s{]mKm sNbvXncpXvhnImcnbm

pI m]npIbpw hnImcn AkvtXmen

amsc hmgnpIbpambncpp. AXn\m t]mp

Kokv ]{ZphmtZm AhImiw \nmempI

bmWvAXymhiyambn sNtnbncpXv.

1500 Cybn Bcw`n t]mpKokv

]{ZphmtZm `cWw 1838 ]eImcWfm

XmmenIambn \nemnsbnepw 1860

AXv ]p\xm]nsp. {_nojv B[y]Xy

tmSqIqSn Cybn t]mpKokv]{ZphmtZm

bvv \ne\nm AhImianmbncpp

shnepw \nemm t]mpKokpIm

kXnn. AXn\m ]{ZphmtZm Cybn

19mw \qmn t]cn\vam{Xta Dmbncppq.

1886 PqWn t]mpKokv]{ZphmtZm Cybn

"]{ZphmtZm' F t]mpKokv ]Zns

Aw "cm[nImcXzw' FmWv. \ntm

fmkv Ama am]mm 1455 P\phcn 8\v

FgpXnb Romanus Pontifex F tcJbmWv

]{ZphmtZmbpsS ASnm\w. Cu I]\bn

Bs{^m Gjy cmPy apgph t]mpK

en\v hnpsImSppIbpw {]kvXpX cmPy

fn IhSw \Sphm\pw anj\dnamsc Ab

bvphm\pw ]nI m]nm\pap Ah

Imihpw NpaXebpw t]mpK cmPmhn\v

\IpIbpw sNbvXp.`mcXnse amtmam \{kmWnIsf

kw_nnStmfw DZbwt]cq kq\ltZm

kn\ptijw 1599 Unkw_ 20\v Cutim

k`mc\mb {^mkokv tdmv BZys

eo sa{Xm\mbn \nbanX\mbtXmsS ]{Zp

hmtZm `cWw HutZymKnIambn Bcw`np

]{ZphmtZm

shp ]dbmw. ]{ZphmtZm`cWw GItZiw

300 hjtmfw mcXn XpSp. 1756

apX 1777 hsc \{kmWnIsf `cn kn

htZm tZmkv tdmbvmbncpp Ahkm\

s ]{ZphmtZm sa{Xm. ]noSvAUv an\nkv

t{SvmcneqsSbmbncpp ]{ZpthmtZm cWw

XpSXv. 1838 G{]n 24 Multa Praeclare

F sslnI IneqsS {KnKdn ]Xn\m

a am]m ]{ZphmtZm `cWw Cybn

\nemn. Fm 1857 ]{ZphmtZm

`cWw ]p\xm]nsp. 1896 amtmam \{kmWnImbn aqv hnImcnbmpw

m]nXamhpIbpw aqp\mpsa{Xmm

\nbanXcmhpIbpw sNbvXtXmsS ]{ZphmtZm

`cWn\v amtmam \{kmWnIfpsS

CSbn {]knbnmXmbn.

tUm. tPmk^v sImmd, N\mtcn


21/52

21amv 2012

]qambpw \nemsp. XpSv 1886

sk]vw_ 1\v Cybn eo lbcmn

s{]mKmbpsS Iogn Bcw`np. ApapX

emWv Cybnse eo k` HmIpXpwGI`cWnIogn (tdmans) BIpXpw.

AtXmsS Cybnse eo k`sb Fv k`m

t{]mhnkpIfmbn Xncnp. 1. tKmhbpsS Iogn,

]gb ]{ZphmtZm cq]XI Fmw IqSn tN

p t{]mhnkkv; 2. {ioebnse sImfwt_m

(Pm^\bpw ImUnbpw AXns kamccq]X

Ifpw). IqSmsX AXphsc Dmbncp s{]m

KbpsS Iognembncpp 18 hnImcnbmpI

cq]XIfmn 6 k`mt{]mhnkpIfmbn {]Jym

]np. B{K, t_mws_, I, a{Zmkv, t]mn

tcn, hcmpg. amtmam {InkvXym\nImbn

m]n ]{ZphmtZmbpsS sImSpq cq]X

\nemn AhnsSbp kpdnbm\nmsc IqSn

hcmpg sa{XmtmeobpsS Iogn, AhnsS

bp kpdnbm\nmcpsS IqsS sImphp.

eo lbcmn m]\tmSpIqSn hcmpg

eo (am{X) cq]XbmbncpXn\m kpdnbm\n

mcpsS AhnsSbp \ne\nv Ahnmbn

cpp. Fm CsXmcp XmmenI kwhn[m\ambncpp, 1887 sabv 20 hsc am{Xw.

amtmm \{kmWnIvhnImcnbmpI

1886 Unkw 20\v tdman tN s{]mKm

^osZtIm{KntKjs s]mXptbmKn Cy

bnse eo lbcmn m]\s XpS

p tIcf kpdnbm\n ItmencpsS nXn

hnebncpn. _mwqcn tNcm\ncnp Cybnse eo sa{XmmcpsS {]Yaktf\

n tIcfnse kpdnbm\n Itmenv

{]tXyIambn hnImcnbmpI \IpXns

BhiyIXIfpw {]knbpw NsNphm

tIm{KntKj AenbmUns\ NpaXesSp

n. XZ\pkmcw _mwq ktf\w 1887 P\phcn,

25 \v \Sp. AenbmUnbpsS AyXbn

tN tbmKn kpdnbm\n Itmenv

{]tXyIamb hnImcnbmpI \IpXvbp

amWv F {]tabw ]mkmn. XZvImcyn\v

Cy eo sa{XmmcpsS ]qWklIc

Whpw hmKvZm\w sNbvXp.

1887 sabv 20\vQuad Iampridem

F Xncpshgpvhgn setbm ]Xnaqmw am]m tIcfnse

kpdnbm\n Itmensc hcmpg AXncq]X

bn \npw amn, Ahmbn cv{]tXyI hnIm

cnbmpI Xriqcpw tImbhpw \In. aebm

q apX sImnhscbp BephpgbmWvCu

hnImcnbmpIsf Xn thXncnp AXncv.

Fm Cu hnImcnbmpIfpsS ap AXnn

I Cu Xncpshgpn tcJsSpnbn. ao\

n Xmeqn ]membSpv CfwtXmw tI{

amnb tdmtmkvioiv abpw Xrq tI{amnbtaeqkv ioivabpw hnImcnbmp m]\n\v

Ifsamcpnb sXmSp kw`hfmbncpp.

Quod Iampridem XncpshgpnemWv kotdmae

_m F t]cvBZyambn D]tbmKnXv . "kotdm

ae_m' F kw XpSv{Iaambn D]tbm

KnWsapw Fn am{Xta kotdmae_m

k`, kotdmae_m dov Fo {]tbmK

km[mcWamhpIbpq Fpw Cu Xncpshgp

n ]dbpp. kpdnbm\n Itmen AenbmUnv XmaknbmsX Ab In Xsf

]cnKWnXn\v am]mbvv \n]dbpIbpw

Fm C\nbpw Ieom[nImcnIv

Xsf GnpsImSpcpsXv At]np

Ibpw sNppv. Fm 1887 Pqsse 25 \v

tN s{]mKmbpsS tbmKn Ieo

mcmb amskens\ Xrqcpw t]mfnImns\

tImbpw hnImcn AkvtXmenam Bm

\mWv Xocpam\saSpXv. Fm DS Xs

am]m setbm ]Xnaqma Cu hnjbn

t\cnv C]s]SpIbpw tIm{KntKjs Xocp

am\w dmpIbpw 1887 BKv 23\v Nmkv

ehov Fkv.sPsb tImbpw _wKmfn

P\n CShI sshZnI\mb AtUm v saUven

tImns\ Xrqcpw hnImcn AkvtXmenamcmbn

\nbanp. Xncpshgpv{]Imcw Xs tImbv

Fm\pth \n[ocntbbpw Xriqcv tPmPvamn

ntbbpw hnImcn P\dmamcmbpw cve


22/52

22 ImcpWnI amv 2012

fnepw 4 sshZnIsc hoXw D]tZiIcmbpw \nb

anp.

D]kwlmcw

kzambn hnImcnbmpI F amtXmam\{kmWnIfpsS NncImem`nemjw As\ 1887

sabv 20 \v ]qhWnp. 2 hnImcnbmpfpsS

m]\w Hcp XpSw am{Xta Bbncppq. Ch

tI{oIcnvkotdmae_m k`sb ]p\x kwL

SnnpI tiIcamb ZuXyambncpp. Iv\m\mb

kapZmbns {]Xn\n[nIfmbn ^m. amXyp

amnens\ cmas hnImcn P\dmfmbpw av

cv sshZnIsc D]tZiImcmbpw tImbw

hnImcnbmn 1889 \nbanXpw Nmkvehovsa{Xm Xs Bm\w 1890 N\m

tcnbntevamnbXpw sXmSpp \S kw`h

fmWv. 1890 apX tImbw hnImcnbmns

t]cv HutZymKnIambn tImbw Bbns

\ne\np.

1896 amv28\v setbm ]Xnaqma am]mm

Quae rei sacraeF Xncpshgpv hgn tImbw

hnImcnbmv\nempIbpw ]Icw tImbw

hn`Pnv N\mtcn, FdWmIpfw Fo cv

]pXnb hnImcnbmpI DmpIbpw Xrq,

N\mtcn, FdWmIpfw Fo hnImcnbmp

Imbn tPm ta\mtcn, amXypamn,

Atemjykv ]tg]dn Fnhsc hmgnpI

bpw sNbvXtXmsSbmWvamtmam {Inkv Xym\nIfpsS \qmpI \op\n \mpsa{Xmm

pw kzbw`cWmhImin\pw thnbp {ia

^eaWnXv.

]mw ]obqkv am]mm In universi F Xncp

shgpv hgn 1911 BKv 21 \v Iv\m\mb kpdnbm

\nmv am{Xambn tImbw hnImcnbmWv m

]nXpw 1923 Unkw 21\v ]Xns\mmw ]obqkv

am]mm Romani Pontifices F Xncpshgpv hgn

FdWmIpfw tI{amnbpw Xrq, N\mtcn,tImbw kmacq]XIfmnbpw kotdm ae

_m lbcmn m]ntXmsSbmWv hnIm

cnbmp m]\fpsS eyw ]qnbmbXv.

1992 taP Bn FnkvtIm k`bmbn

Dbs kotdmae_m k` 2003 Unkw 23

apX taP Bv_njv "Xeh\pw ]nXmhp

ambp, kn\Un\m \bnsSp, ]qWamb

An ]uckvXy k`bmbn hfp

Ignp.

temIw apgph\pap anj\dn {]h\

sf GtIm]nnm 1622 Pq 22\v {KnKdn

15ma am]m m]nXmWv s{]mKm.

CXvm]nXns eyw anj {]h\ tdmans Iogn \Snemm\pw, \ne

\nncp Cutimk`mcpsS t\XrXzn

ep]{ZphmtZmsb \nb{nm IqSnbm

bncpp.

amtmam k`bn: ]{ZphmZm mcX

k`bpsSta ASntnncp cWns\

Xnsc amtmam \{kmWnI \Snb 1653

P\phcn 3se Iq\ IpcnipkXytmsS t]m

pKokv ]{ZphmtZ A[nImcn Iognepwamtmam Hmas Iognepambn `nnp.

CcpIqtcbpw Hnnm As am

]mbmb AeIvkm VII (16551667) ]cn

{ianp. CXn\mbn Ieom anj\dnbmb

s{]mKmtPmk v sk_ym\nsb Atlw ae_mdn

tev Abp. Ieom sshZnI s{]m

KmbpsS {]Xn\n[nI BbnmWv cWw \

nbXv.1657 s{]mKmbpsS cWw Bcw`ns

nepw, 1658 sk_ym\n Xncnpt]mbn.

1661 ae_mdns hnImcn AkvtXmenmbn

sk_ym\n \nbansp. 1886hsc s{]m

KmbpsS cWw XpSp.

X \n pw, Htc kabhpw ]{ZphmtZmbpw

s{]mKmbpw amtmam \{kmWnIsf

`cnp. Fm 1896 amtma \{kmWn

k`bvv 3 \mpsa{Xmamtcbpw 3 hnImcnbm

pIfpw e`nptXmsS s{]mKm]{Zp

hmtZm cWw HutmKnIambn Ahkm\np

p.

tUm. tPmk^v sImmd, N\mtcn


23/52


24/52

24 ImcpWnI amv 2012

Ins\pdnv am eqbnkv ]tg]dnepw, 1875 ap Iptdt tdmantesgpXnb Inepw

FSpp ]dbppv. Nmhd ]nXmhv FgpXnb

asmcp "BtemN\'bnepw hcmpg cq]Xbnse

`cW{Ias hniIe\w sNbvXtijw C{]Imcw

FgpXpp: ""CXp IqSmsXbpw ]p IppIm

tcmSv (bmtm_mb) Ctmp IqSphm ]dbp

tm Ahcpcnbp XSw kpdnbm\n {Ia

n sa{Xm CspXmIpp''.

1874 Nhd ]nXmhv apv {]hNnncpXp

t]mse k` hopw taeqkv ioivasb A`napJo

Icntnhp. Cu kmlNcyn tdman

\np 1874 HmKv 4 \v hcmpg sa{Xm\v hopw

Fgpp hp, Nmhdbs\ sa{Xm\mWsa

DtiytmsS kmyXI AdnbpXn\pthn.

AXn\p aqp hjw appXs 1871 Nmhd

]nXmhv acnp IgnImcyw tdma Adnn

mbncpp. taeqkvioiv ambpsS kmlNcyn

Nmhd ]nXmhns A\pbmbnIfmb Ggp CMI

sshZnI \mnse Zpchsb hnhcnpsImvam]mmpw ap]esa{Xmmpw kzw

don sa{Xm DmtIXns BhiyIXsb

NqnmWnpsImvFgpXpIbpmbn. CXn

tIm]njvS\mb hcmpg sa{Xmtmeo sams\m

Cu Ggp sshZnIsc CMIk`bn \np _lnjv

cnpIbpmbn. ChcmWv Ggv hymIpe

FdnbsSpXv.

AkvtXmenv hnkn Bp_njv

setbm sambvdn Fv.sP GXmv Hcp hj

tmfw amm\pw Gpcppw B{ia

fn XmaknpsImp ]T\w \Sn. CXns

]cnWnX ^eambn 1887 Xriqcpw tImbhpw

tI{amn cp kotdmae_m hnImcnbmp

I Dmbn. 1887se hnImcnbmv {]Jym]\w

amm\pw GpcpnepamWv \SnbXv.

amm\w Bm\amn cWw GsSpp eho

psa{Xm N\mtcnbn ekuIcyamb

Xn\p tijamWv AhntSv m\w amnbXv.

Prelates of Padroado

Francis Ros SJ (1599-1624)------------------

Stephen Britto (1624-1641)------------------

Francis Garcia (1641-1659) ------------------

-------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------

John Ribeiro SJ (1701-1716?) ------------------

Antony Pimentel SJ (1716-1752) ---------------

Vasconcellos SJ (1753-1756) ------------------

Salvador dos Reis (1756-1773) ------------------

Joseph Cariattil (1783-1786) ------------------

-------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------

Prelates of Propaganda

--------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------

Joseph Maria Sebastiani (1661-1663)

Alexander Parambil (1663-1687)

Raffael Figueredo (1678-1695)

Angelo Francis of St. Teresa, (1701-1712)

John Baptist Multedi of St. Teresa (1718-1750)

Florence of Jesus of Nazareth (1750-1773)

Francis de Sales (1775-1780)

Aloysius Mary of Jesus (1785-1802)

Raymond of Joseph (1808-1816)

Miles Pendargast (1819-1828)

Francis Xavier Pescetto of St. Anne 1831-1844)

Loudovico Martini of St. Teresa (1844-1859)

Bernardine Baccenelli(1859-1868)

Leonardo Mellano of St Luis (1868-1886).

Padroado & Propaganda


25/52

25amv 2012

eom cWn Iogn izmkw apn

I gn n cp kpdn bm\n Itm en ]Xn s\mw \qm ns Ah km \ `mKwapX

kzPmXnb sa{Xm\pthn hfsc iamb coXn

bn hmZn n cp p. 1787 se A amen ]Sn tbm e

bn hfsc i amb coXn bn kzw don

epw, ]mccynepws] cWIm k`

bpsS hfbvv Bh iyam sWv hyam n

bncpp. ]t Hcp \qmns tijamWv mKn

Iamsbnepw Cu kz]v\w kmmXvcnpq.

kn.Fw.sF. k`mwK kzPmXnb sa{Xm\pth

nbp t]mcmn ap\ncbns Dm

bncpp. amm\w tI{amn \Snb iamb

aptn 1876 k`bn\nvGgpt]sc ]pd

mtnhp. ]pdmen\v ImcWw anj\

dnamcpsS A\phmZw IqSmsX tdma A[nImcn

Iv IsgpXn FXmWv. Cu ]pdm

kzPmXob sa{Xm\p thn bp hmZw IqSp X

insSppIbpw, tdmw Imcy Aev]w IqSn

KuchtmsS ImWphm XpSpIbpw sNbvXp.

hnImcnbmpIfpwk`mhfbpw

k`m N cn{Xw

I

tUm. {^mkokv tXmWn md kn. Fw.sF.{]knU v , [mcmw hnZymt{Xw, _mwq

I enm anj \ dn am XXz n tZiob

sa{Xmmsc \nbanpXnt\mSv FXncmbncpp.Ahv AhcptSXmb \ymb Dmbncpp.

Cymv `c W ]m S han spw sa{Xm `c

Wn\v tbmKycmbh kpdnbm\n Itmen

cpsS CS bn Cspw Hcn Ch \mp sa

{XmmcpsS Iognembm Ah ioivabntebvp

t]mIpsapw XpSn ]ccmKXamb hmZ

Ieom anj\dnam XpSpsImncpp.

kpdnbm\n Itmenscpdnv CXphscbpw

tdman hnhc \evInbncph Ieom

anj\dnam am{Xambncpp. kpdnbm\n Itm

enscpdnv]Tnv hnhc \Im s{]m

Km tIm{KntKj t_mws_bpsS hnIm

AkvtXmen Bbncp _njventbm sambn

dn Fkv. sP. sb ae_mdntebvb p. 1876

amm\w Fpcpv XpSnb efn

hv kpdnbm\n {]Xn\n[nIfmbn Ctlw N

\SpIbpw kpdnbm\nmvkzambn sa{Xm

msc \IpXphgn am{Xta Cu {]iv\n\v

Xrq, tImbw hnImcnbmpIfpsS m]\w Hcp XpSw am{Xambncpp.

AXns\pSv kotdmae_m k` t\Snb hfbntev Hct\zjWw.


26/52

26 ImcpWnI amv 2012

]cnlmcw DmhpIbpp Fpw s{]mKm

tIm{KntKjs\ Adnbnp.

XpSv Ct jykv s]kntm sa{Xm\pw

kpdnbm\nmcpsS {]iv\ ]Tnphm s{]m

Kmbm Absp. Atlw X\Xmb cW

kwhn[m\w kpdnbm\n ItmencpsS hfbvv BhiyamsWv \ntinp. BZyambn

s{]m Km tIm{Kn tKj\v I eo A

mhcn \nv kpdnbm\nmscpdnv hnh

c e`np. Imcyns Kuchw a\nemnb

tdma A[nImcnI 1877 tamkntm

_cmZn aknent\mkns\ ]nXpSmhImi

ap sa{Xm\mn, tamkntm samt\msb

klmbnphm \nbanp.

kzPm Xnb sa{Xmmsc thWsap hmZ

n\v thsdbpw ]e ImcW Dmbncpp.

sshZnI ]cnioe\n IqSpX {i Bhiy

amsWpw, hnZym`ymkw {]tXyInvCwojv hnZy

m`ymkw kapZmb hfbvv AhiyamsWpw,hntZi cWn Iogn icnbmb t\XrXzw hf

n sb Sp m km[n p n spw, ka {K amb

kapZmb hfbn Ieom anj\dnamv

XmXv]cypdhmsWpw XpSn \nch[nbmb

hmZ kpdnbm\nm XfpsS \nccamb

satmdmfn FgpXnbncpp. kmh[m\w

hfphpsImncnp tZiob {]_pX

kpdnbm\nmcpsS IpIfn\npw, {]tXyInv

1883 se In \npw hfsc hyamWv. X

tfmSvImWnp hnthN\spdnv kpdnbm\n

Itmen IqSpX t_m[hmmcmIphm

XpSn. Xsf ASnaIsftmse IcpXpIbm

sWpw hnebvv hms ASnaIsftmse

XtfmSv anj\dnam s]cpamdpXmbpw kpdn

bm\nmvtXmn.

hnZym`ymk Imcyfn XfpsS ktlmZc

fmb bmtm_mbm hfscb[nIw aptm v

t]msbpw Cwojv hnZym`ymkns B\pIq

ey Ahv[mcmfambn e`nppspwkpdnbm\n Itmenv a\nembn. skan

\mcn ]cn io e\w A[x ] X \ ns ]mX bn

XsbmsWvs]mXphn Fmhpw Adnbm

hp Imcyambncpp. Avhfsc iambncp

tZiob t_m[hpw AtXmtSmw Xs XfpsS

hynXzspdnp t_m[hpw kpdnbm\n

ItmencpsS CSbn hfcphm XpSn. Cu

kmlNcyn cWkwhn[m\amw hfsc A\n

hmcyambnop.CtXmsSmw Xs FSpp]dtb Hcp Imcy

amWvHXmw ]obqkv ]mmbpsS ]nKmanbmbn

h ]Xnaqmw entbm ]mmbpsS iamb

t\XrXzw. "`mcXta \ns c \ns km\

fn' Fp ]d ]mmbvvhyamb [mc

WI hntZi anj\dnamscpdnvDmbncpp.

`mc X k bpsS ka {K h fbvv Hcp ]p\kw

LS\ BhiyamsWv a\nemnb ]mm B

Imcykmyn\mbn BZy]Snsb \nebn Hcp


27/52

27amv 2012

hnm m\]Xnsb (AkvtXmenvsUe

tKns\) CUybntebpp. CUybntev

h BZys hn m m\ ] Xn bmWv

tamkntm BWn AenbmUn. 1884 CUybn Fnb Atlw CUybnse k`

sbpdnv]TnpIbpw 1886 CUybnse eo

sslbcmn m]npXn apssI FSp

pIbpw sNbvXp.

kpdnbm\nmcpsS {]iv\pw ]cnlmc

apmIWsav ]ecpw B{Klnp. hcmpgbpw

sImSpqcpw cvcq]XI kpdnbm\nmm

bn m]nWsav Nne \ntinpIbpw

sNbvXp. amm\v\ev Is Dujvafamb kzoI

cWn A\XnhnZqc`mhnbn kpdnbm\nm

v kzw donepw kapZmbnepws] sa{Xm

msc e`npsavAhnsS IqSnb P\kaqls

hnm {]Xn\n[n Adnbnp. Bcw` \S]Sn

F \nebn cp {]tXyI hnImcnbmpI

kpdnbm\nmmbn XpSphm\pw, Xevmew

Cu hnImcnbmpIfpsS cWw kpdnbm\nm

pw, Ieommpw \ImsX thsd Bsc

sbnepw Gnphm\pw hnm {]Xn\n[n

]XnI Bkq{XWw sNbvXp. kpdnbm\nm

cpsSbnSbn sa{Xm ]Zhnv tbmKy\mbn ]e

scbpw Is nepw DSs\ tZiob sa{Xm msc

hmgnt F BibamWv tamkntm

BWn Aenbm{Unv DmbncpXv. AtXmsSmw Xs IZmb k`bpsS kzm[o\w kpdn

bm\nmcpsSta IgnbpXpw IpdtXvBh

iyamsWpw Atln\v A`n{]mbapmbncp

p.

1887 P\p h cnbn _mwq \S Zn tW

y sa{XmmcpsS ktf\w kpdnbm\nmcpsS

{]iv\w N sNpIbpw IgnbpXpw thKw

kpdnbm\nmv kzw donepw PmXnbnepw

s]hsc sa{Xm\mn \IWsap Nbpm

bn. Xriqcpw, tImbhpw Bm\fmn \nt

inp. hnm {]Xn\n[nbpsS a\vHcp I

eom hnIm AkvtXmenm DmIWsam

bn cp p. Fnepw kpdn bm \n msc Xopw

Xnfn. ImcWw \n[ocnamWn

\msc Ipdnv hniZamb clky At\zjWw \S

p. ]t Ieom sa{Xmm \n[ocn

amWn\mv FXncmbncpp. \n[ocnbpsS

kzImcyPohnXspdnpw [mnI PohnXs

p dnpw sams\m sa{Xm\pw ak en t\mkv

kzbw cWmhImin\pthnbpw \mp

sa{Xmmsc InpXn\pthnbpap am

tXmam {InkvXym\nIfpsS {iaw Xppt]mp.

_WZn _ns\n (1859 1868) hcmpg

hnImcn AkvtXmenbmbncp Imev

amt\n ]cnioe\w t\Snb sshZnIhnZymnIv ]w sImSpm Atlw

aSnp. B kabv tIcfn Z\lm _

tbm\ Fsmcp IZmb sshZnI Xmakn

ncpp. Atlns t\XrXzn _mKv

ZmZntevasmcp UetKj\pw IqSn t]mIm

Xocpam\np. BWn IpSnd, BWn

sXm\mSvFo cp sshZnIcmbncpp Cu

UetKj\nse AwK. m. BWn IpS

tdmtmkv ioiva

nd bm{Xmaty acWaSp. m. BWn

sXm\mv _mKvZmZnsen ]m{Xnbmo

kns\ Imcy [cnnp. Atlw tXmakv

tdmtmkv Fsmcp sshZnIs\ sa{Xm\mbn

hmgnv 1861 tIcfntebvv Abp. m.

sXm\m vAtls A\pKanp. \mnsenbXpw Chsc ]e]nmcpw kzoIcnp.

XmaknbmsX _mnt\n Nmhd Ipcym

tmkvAs\ tdmtmkns\Xnsc {]hn

m\mbn hnImcn P\dmfmbn \nbanp. 9mw

]obqkv am]mbpsS \nti {]Imcw 1861

\hw. 30\v tdmtmkns\ tIcfn apSn.

1862 _njvtdmtmkpw m. sXm\mpw

_mKvZmZntevt]mbn.


28/52

28 ImcpWnI amv 2012

saUventmns\ Xriq hnIm AkvtXmen

bmbpw \nb an p. s]mn^n I

kzw don \Sphm\p A\phmZtmsS

^m. tPmvamnnsb Xriqcns hnImcn P\dmfmbpw, \n[ocn amWn\msc tImb

ns hnImcn P\dmfmbpw \nbanp. \mep kpdn

bm\n sshZnIsc AhcpsS BtemN\mcmbpw

\nbanp.

cv e n e [nIw kpdn bm\n Itm en

cpw 360 CShI sshZnIcpw 59 k\ymksshZn

Icpw, 4 skan\mcnIfpw ae_mdn Dmbncpp.

1889 Hcp {]tXyI hnImcn P\dmfns\bpw, cv

Btem N \ m scbpw sXpw m Kmbn am{Xw

\evIn. m. amXyp amo Bbncpp sXpw`mK

mcpsS hnImcn P\dmfmbn \nbansXv. 1890

amm hnIm AkvtXmenmbpsS Bm

\w tImbv \nv N\mtcnbntev amp

hm A\phmZw \In, t]cv\ne\nWsapw

tImbns ]ptcmKXn t\SWsapap hyh

tbmSpIqSn. tImbv Itmen Ipdhm

sWpw, hnIm A kvtXm en m bpsS hmk

n\v ]nb easpw NqnmWnmWv

Bm\amw BhiysXv. XpSp Ncn{Xw]Tnm a\nemIpw Nmkvehnv sa{Xms\

hSpw`mKm kzm[o\nncnWw Cu m\

amn. ImcWw sXpw`mKkapZmbw kzw

sa{Xm\pthn ]cn{ianncpp. 1911 se tImbw

cq]XbpsS m]\w Cu ]cn{ians eam

Wtm. IpdhnemSvImcpw sa{Xm m\w Inp

hm ]cn{ianncpp. km[nm \n[ocn

amWn\m XfpsS sa{Xm\mbn \nban

sSWsavkapZmbw B{KlnXn sXsmpw

]dbm km[npIbn.

Fm Cu ]ucm WnI k`sb p dn p

ssZh]XnI thsd hn[nembncpp. 1787

se Aamen ]SntbmebneqsS Bhiys kzbw

`cWmhImiw mKnIambn e`nphm Hcp \qm

pIqSn Imv \nevtnhp. 1887 se ]Xn

aqmw entbm ammbpsS Ncn{X Xocpam\w

kotdma e _m k`bpsS hf bnse \mgn I

mbncpp.

1862 sk]vXw_ 26 9mw ]nbqkv ]mm

_mKvZmZnse IZmb ]m{XnbmokvHutZmbvv Ab In ae_mdntev

sa{Xmmsc AbcpXvFv Bhiysncp

pshnepw 1874 HutZm ]m{Xnbmokv

Genbmkv taeqkv Fsmcp IZmb sa{Xm

s\ tIcfntevAbp. sa{Xm\mbncps

nepw AXphsc Hcp sshZnI\mbn {]hn

ncp am A_vZotim (BWn sXm\m v)

taeqknt\mSv tNp. tIcfnse Nne

]nI Ahsc kzoIcnp. am]mbpsS

\nti {]Imcw Atmgs hnImcn A

kvtXmenbmbncp seb\mtm samt\m

taeqkns\ apSn. tdmw BhiysX\p

kcnv ]m{Xnbmokv taeqkns\ _mKvZm

Zntev Xncnphnfnp. taeqkv XncnsI t]m

sbnepw Npcpw Nne]nI ioivabn

Ddp\np. AhcmWv ]noSv Xrq tI{

amnbp iqdmbn k`bmbn amdpXv.

taeqkv ioiva

sa{Xm\pw Hpw kwXr]vXcmbncpp.

1887 amv 31 \v A{bm Abqn ]pXnb

hnm m\]Xnbmbn NpaXetbp. I

eommsc kpdnbm\nmsc cnphm hnIm

AkvtXmenmcmn \nbanphm t]mIpp

F hm ]ctXmsS A{bm Abqn

tdmantev sSe{Kmw sNpIbpw akent\mkn

t\bpw, t]mfnmns\bpw kpdnbm\nmcpsS

sa{Xmmcmbn \nbanphm\p ]cn{iafn

\nv ]nhmWsav ]cnip ]nXmhnt\mSv

BhiysSpIbpw sNbvXp. Ieommv

A\p Iq e ambn Hcp Xocp am \ apmbm ChnsS

hopw Hcp ioivabpm Ip sapw kpdn bm\n

kapZmbs tZmjambn _m[npsapw Atlw

apdnbnv \In. XXv eambn amm t\cn v

CSs]SpIbpw 1887 BKv 23 \vCutim k`mwKw

Nmkv ehons\ tImbns hnImA

kvtXm en bm bpw, bqtd jy \mb AtUm^v


29/52

29amv 2012

tIzmZv bmw{]osZw

am

k`m hn m \obw

tXmamolmbpsS mcXk`sb kw_

nnStmfw \nmbIamb Hcp Ime

Ln\v XpSw Ipdn mKykvacWml\mb

13mw setbm am]mbpsS ""tIzmZv bmw{]osZw''(Quod Iampridem) F sslnI Xncpshgpn

s\ k`mflI hoWtmsS hnebncpm\mWv

Cu {lkz hnNn\neqsS DZyanpXv.

tIzmZv bmw{]osZw DSw1. 1887 sabv 20\v 13mw setbm am]m ]pds

Sphn Cu XncpshgpneqsS CUybnse am

tmam {InkvXym\nIpthn Xrq, tImbw

Fo cv AkvtXmenIv hnImcnbmpI

m]npp.

2. Chbvpthn hntZinIfpw, eo k`mw

Kfpamb _. AtUm^v FUzn saUven

tmSv, Nmkv ehovFkv.sP Fo sshZnI

sc hnImcn AkvtXmenamcmbn \nbanpp.

3. t]mpKokv]t{ZmhmtZmbpsS tatmbv a

bpsS Imev 1610 Unkw_ 20\v ]cnanXsSp

nbncp A[nImc ]cn[nbns `mcX

pgbvpw ]m\Znbvpw at[ybmbn amtmam

tUm. BWn afns{]m^k, k`mhnm\obw

tIzmZv bmw{]osZw F sslnI XncpshgpneqsSbmWv ]Xnaqmw setbm

am]mm kpdnbm\nmmbn cp hnImcnbmpI m]nXv. AXns

k`mflI am\fntev Hct\zjWw.

\{kmWnIsf XpSpw \ne\nn. Ccp

hnImcnbmpIfpsS qanimkv{X]camb A[nImc

]cn[n BephmpgbpsS Ccp`mKpambn \n

bnp.

k`mflIhoWw""kotdm ae_m'' k`mwK mbn CZw

{]Yaambn m]nXamb 2 hnImcnbmpIfpsS

{]mYanI hnhcamWv tadh. CXntebvv

\bn kmlNcy, CXv Dsmp k`m

flI hoWw XpSnbhbmWv Gsd {itb

ambn pXv. hynk`IfpsS IqmbvabmWvkm

{XnI k` F XXzw CXneqsS AwKoIcn

pp.

1. amtXmamolmbpsS mcXk`sb kotdm

ae_m k`sbv\maIcWw sNpp; AXns\

Hcp hynk`bmbn AwKoIcnpp.

2. ]s{ZmhmtZm `cWntem hcmpg sa{Xm

tmeombpsS Iogntem kotdmae_m k`mwK

XpSv \npXv KpWIcamhn F

\nKa\n Fpp. AXn\pthn X\Xv

lbcmn m]nm {ItaW km[np

k`mflIam\hpw k`mZi\hpw


30/52

30 ImcpWnI amv 2012

hn[n Ritual Separation \SpIbpw am]m

bpsS t\cnp A[nImc]cn[nbn Apostolic

Vicariate I m]npIbpw sNpp.

3. t]jy k`bpambn Bcm[\m{Ianepw

lbcmnbnepw ZoLImew At`Zyw _s

ncppshnepw kzamb sslnI ]mccy

hpw k`m]camb apkhntijXIfpw D am

tXmam{InkvXym\nIfpsS mcXk`sb IZmb

kpdnbm\n k`bpsS mKambn AhnSs ]m{Xnbmokns A[nImc ]cn[nbntev hnSmsX

kzX{amb hfbvv ]mesamcppp.

4. Ctm m]nXamb hnImcnbmpI

pthn hntZinIfpw eoImcpamb sshZnI

scbmWvhnImcn Akv tXmenamcmbn \nbann

cnpsXnepw Bcm[\m {Iakw_amb

Imcyfn th{X klmbIamIm thn

XZ\pkmcw hn]peamb A[nImctfmSpIqSn

kotdmae_m k`mX\bcmb Hmtcm hnImcn

P\dmfmscbpw \mev BtemN\mkanXnbwK

sfbpw \nbanphm Inpp (setbm

13ma am]m XsbmWv Quae Rei Sacrae F

Xncpshgpv hgn {]kvXpX cv hnImcnbmp

I aqmbn ]p\xkwLSnnv Ahbvv kztZ

inIfpw kzw k`mwKfpamb hnImcn Akv

tXmenamsc \InbXv F hkvXpX CtXm

sSmw AdnncntXmWv).

5. kotdmae_m k`mhnizmknIfpsS Imcyn {]tXyI{i sNeppIbmWnXneqsS

eyampsXvCu Xncpshgpns Bcw`

nte sImSpnpv FXv{imlw Xs.

Ncn{Xns KXnhnKXnIcmw knwl{km_vZns Bcw`tmSpIqSn

tdmans tI{oIrX kz`mhw ASnSn hn

pIbpw AwKkwJybpsS ASnm\n

am{Xw k`bpsS hf hnebncppIbpw bqtdm

...Itaque motu proprio,atque ex certa scientia et

matura deliberatione Nostris, praesentium vi

mandamus,ut peracta rituali separatione catholicorum

Syro-Malabarensium a latinis, duo pro illisconstituantur Vicariatus Apostolici committendi

Episcopis Iatinis, qui sibi assumant Vicarium

Generalem Syro-Malabarensem privilegio

condecorandum exercendi proprio ritu pontificalia, et

confirmationis sacramentum, chrismate tamen ab

Episcopo consecrato, conferendi; nec non alios quatuor

viros ecclesiasticos eiusdem gentis et ritus elegant,

quorum consilio in omnibus ecclesiasticis negotiis

utantur. Insuper praecipimus ut praedictorum

Vicariatuum Apostolicorum territorialis divisio fiat per

naturales limites fluminis Alavay quod ab urbe

Maleater Malabaricam regionem intersecat usque ad

mare prope urbem Cochin, ita ut primus Vicariatus

sit septentrionalis cum ordinaria residentia Apostolici

Vicarii in urbe Trichoor unde appellationem sumet;

alter sit meridionalis cum ordinaria residentia proprii

Vicarii Apostolici in urbe Cottayam a qua nomen

accipiet...

Quod Iampridem (Excerpts)

...Therefore, with proper initiative, and also from

Our certain knowledge and mature deliberation, We order

by the present [Brief] that to accomplish the ritual

separation of the Catholic Syro-Malabarians from theLatins, two apostolic vicariates are to be constituted for

them, they are to be entrusted to Latin bishops who

assume a Syro-Malabar vicar general adorned with the

privilege of celebrating the pontifical in the proper rite

and administering the sacrament of confirmation,

however, with the chrism consecrated by the bishop.

Also they may elect four other ecclesiastics from the

same people and rite whose counsel they may make use

of in all the ecclesiastical affairs. Besides, We order that

the territorial division of the above said apostolic vicars

be made along the natural limit of the Aluva river that

divides the Malabar region from Malayattoor town up

to the sea, near the town of Kochi, in such way as the

first northern vicariate be the ordinary residence of the

apostolic vicar in the Thrissur town whence it obtains

its name, the other southern be the ordinary residence of

the proper apostolic vicar in the town of Kottayam

from which it receives its name


31/52

31amv 2012

]y kwkvmchpw kao]\fpw km{XnI

sa hn[n IcpXpIbpw sNbvXncp ]m

en hptN ]mfnIsfbpw ]cmPb

sfbpw Bflmambn hnebncpn, ASnm\]camb kao]\n kzoIcnt ]p

\ne]mSpIfpsS kqN\bmWnXv kotdm ae_m

k` Hcp hynk`bmsW AwKoIcn.

`mcXk`m]mewX\Xmb sslnI ]mccyhpw Bcm[\m{I

ahpw ssZhimkv{Xhpw BymflnI PohnXssi

enbpw k`minW{Iahpap Hcphynk`

bmWv kotdmae_m k` Ft]cn Adnb

sSp amtmam \{kmWnk . BZy\qmns amtmamolmbm m]nXamb Cu

k`mkaqlns k`mPohnXssienbmWv am

tmambpsS amw. amtmam `mcXn

Adnbn {InkvXp amamWnXv. Htc sslnI

ss]XrIw AhImisSp hynk`bmWv

t]jy k`bpw. t]jymbnse ]uckvXykpdn

bm\nk`bpambn Bcw`n kw {ItaW

Bcm[\m{Iaw, lbcmn Fo Xefntev

FpIbpw 16mw \qmphsc At`Zyambn \ne\npIbpw sNbvXp. t]jybn \np h

sa{XmtmenamcmWv ChnSs k`bvv

B[ymflnI t\XrXzw \InbncpXv.

Fm t]mpKokpImcpsS BKa\hpw

kao]\fpw aqew Cu _n DenXn.

As sa{Xmtmeobmbncp am A{_m

lans \ncymWspSp (t]mpKokv)

A[nImcnIfpsS A\[nIrXamb CSs]S, DZbw

t]cq kq\ltZmkv, t]mp Kokv ]t{Zm thm

tZmbpsS tatmbva (Conquistada) Fnh am

tXmam{InkvXym\nIfpsS Bcm[\{Iaw, k`m

LS\, sFIyw FnhbvvBLmXw Gnp.

amtmam {InkvXym\nIfpsS sa{Xmtmeo

bpsS (Metropolitan and Gate of all India) A[n Im c

hym]vXn mcXw apgph\nepambncpXv mcX]pg

bvpw ]m\Znbvpw at[ybmbn Ah ]cnanX

sSpn. AXpt]mse AZnbmtms A[n

Imc]Zhnsb AhKWnp. C{]Imcw hnhn[

ImcW aqew Iq\ Ipcnip kXyhpw Ass\

Iyhpw k`bn Dmbn.

s{]m Kmm aptJ\ ]cnlmcn\pthn]cn{iansnepw th{X e{]Zambn. ]s{Zm

hmtZm, s{]mKmm FnhbneqsSbp Zzb`c

W k{Zmbw KpWIcambnsv A\p`hw km

ysSpn. amtmam {InkvXym\nIfpsS

ImgvNmSn kpdnbm\nmcmb \mpsa{Xmmsc

e`npIsbXmbncpp GI]cnlmc amw.

CXn\v Ieommcpw aphntZinIfpw A\p

Iqeambncpn. tdmanepw t]mpKenepw _mKvZm

Znepw \mpsa{Xmmpthn \nti

\Sn. IeommcpsS FXnpaqew \mp

sa{XmmcpsS Imcyw A\nnXambn \opt]mb

kmlNcyw tIcfn tdmtmkv, taeqkvFo

ioivaIv CShcpn. Hmw hnm kq\

ltZmkns Ahkcn kotdmae_m {]iv\w

Adnbm CSbmb In\m sPmhmn s]n

bmWv 1878 setbm 13ma am]mbmbXv.

sFIycq]yamWv sFIyn\v Bhiysapw

bqtdm]y PohnXssienbpw eo Bcm[\


32/52

32 ImcpWnI amv 2012

{Iahpw am{XamWvAwKoIrXsapw Itmenm

k`bn eo k`m]mccyn\v am{Xta

km[yXbpqshpw [cnhcmb anj\dnamcpsS

sXmb kao]\ km{XnI k`bvv hcpnh hn\Iv kotdmae_m k`bpsS Zo

LIme Ncn{Xw kmnbmWtm. nXIpw

ioivaIpt]mepw CShcpnb aqp \qmp

Imes ]s{ZmhmtZm, s{]mKmm cWns

Xnm\p`hsXnsc k`bpsS B[nImcnI

\ne]mSv hyampIbmbncpp am]m.

cmw hnm kq\ltZmkns k`m]c

amb DmgvNbpsS aptmSnbmbnmWv setbm

13ma am]mbpsS \S]SnIsfbpw at\m`mh

sfbpw kotdmae_m k`bvmbp AkvtXmenI hnImcnbmpIfpsS m]\sbpw ]cnK

WntXv. XpSvImeImefn kotdmae

_m k`bpsS Imcyn Dmbn p am]mm

amcpsS \nmbI CSs]SepI Cmcyw hy

ampp. hnhn[ hynk`IfpsS IqmbvabmWv

Itmenmk`.

\mgnIpI1887 sabv 20 kotdmae_m k`mwKsf

eo sa{XmmcpsS cWn \nvths]Sp

n 2 AkvtXmenI hnImcnbmpI m]npp. Leo XIII. Quod Iampridem

1896 Pqsse 28 Xrq, FdWmIpfw, N\m

tcn Fo hnImcnbmpIfpsS m]\w - Leo

XIII Quae Rei Sacrae. Ahbvpthn kztZinIfpw

kotdmae_m k`mwKfpamb hnImcn A

kvtXmenamsc \nbanpp.

1923 Unkw_ 21 kotdmae_m lbcmn

m]\w. Pius XI - Romani Pontifices

1955 G{]n 28, 29 kotdmae_m k` lbcm

nbpsS A[nImc]cn[n mcXpgbvpw ]m

\Znpw ]pdp efntev hnIknn

pp. Pius XII Multorum Fidelibus, Sape Fidelium,

Profidelium & Quae Suddistica. k`bpsS AP]me\

tijnp AwKoImcw.

1962 amv 31 kotdmae_m k`bvvOmm

anj FIvkmtvm]npp. Pope John XIII

FdWmIpfw AXncq]Xbnse BemSv

CShIbn 1742 tPmk^v Icnbm\n

P\np. skan\mcn ]cnioe\w tdmanse

s{]mKm tImtfPn \nhlnp. \mn

senb Atlw hcmpg skan\mcnbn

Aym]I\mbn. ]pIq hn`mKnse

amtXmam Bdma (Ub\ojykv Hma)

Itmenm k`bpambn ]p\sscIysSm

{ia \Snbncp Imeambncpp AXv.Atlns Cu {iaw As tIcfn

se sshtZinI k`mt\XrXzns Aew

`mhw ImcWw ]cmPbsSpIbmbncpp.

am Ub\ojykns B{Klw Bflm

hpw ihpamsWv a\nemnb Icn

bmn a]m, Ub\ojykns\ A`y\

{]Imcw, Cmcy kmyn\mbn tdmwenkv

_ bm{X \Sn. ]mtdam tXmam I

am tPmk^v Icnbmn\mcpsamv Atlw 1778 sabv 7\v Bemp

\npw Im\Sbmbn a{Zmknsen. AhnsS

\npw I amw tdmantepw bm{Xbmbn.

XpSv enkv_Wnsenb Icnbmn 1783

s^{_phcn 17\v t]mpKokv cmnbpsS

Xmcy {]Imcw sa{Xmtmeobmbn A`n

jn\mbn. 1786 sabv 1\v Ah tKmhbn

Xncnsn. Fm 1786 sk_vXw_ 10\v

45mas hbkn Icnbmn sa{Xmtmeom tKmhbnhv BIkvanIambn \ncymX

\mbn.

hntZiv, s{]mKmbn BZyw sshZn

I]cnioe\w t\Sp aebmfnbmWv am

Icnbmn. t]mpKokv t]mt{Zm]mtZm A[n

Imcn Iogn sa{Xmtmeobmbn

\nbansSp BZys Cymmc\pw

Atlw Xs.


33/52

33amv 2012

Ad Lucem Sancti.k`bpsS t{]jnX {]h\ anI

hn\v AwKoImcw. Hmtcm hynk`bpw anj\dn

bmWv.

1987 sabv 28 hyn k`Iv t{]jnX {]h\n\p XpeyAhImiw, {]hmknIfpsS

AP]me\n\v ]uckvXyk`p AhImiw

Fo hnjbsfn am]mm `mcXnse

sa{Xmmv AbIv.

1988 G{]n 30 {]hmknIfmb kotdmae_m

k`mwKmbn Ieym cq]XbpsS m]\w

John Paul II

1992 Unkw_ 16 kotdmae_m k`sb

taP BnFnkvtm k`bmbn Dbp

p. John Paul II Quae Majori Christifidelium.

D]kwlmcwsetbm 13ma am]mbpsS Quod Jampridem

F Xncpshgpns\ ka{Kambn A]{KYnp

tm \apvhyamIpXv , amtmam {Inkv

Xym\nIv (kotdmae_mk`) thn cp

AkvtXmenI hnImcntbpI Xrq, tImbw

Fnh m]npXn\p \S]Sn Hs kw

`hambn ]cnanXsSp km[ya. AXnep]cnk`mflI hoWw Dsmp Imcyambn

AXns\ hnebncpWw. kotdmae_m k`sb

Hcp hyn k`bmbn AwKoIcnmt\m A{]

Imcw kntesSmt\m XmdmImXncp

t]mpKokp ]ms{ZmhmtZmbpsSbpw s{]mK

bpsS Iognep Ieo anj\dnamcpsSbpw

at\m`mhs Xncpnpdnp hoWamWv

`mKykvacWml\mb setbm ]Xnaqma am

]m ]penbXv. kotdmae_m k`bpsS

A{]XonXamb hfbvvIfsamcpm\mWv

ta]dhcpsS A[nImc ]cn[nbn \nv

kotdmae_m k`sb tamNnnXv. XXv eambn

{Ia_amb hf t\SpXn\pw 1992 taP

Bn Fnkvtm ]Zhnbn Fntcp

Xn\pw CSbmn. Zzb`cWn \nv kzbw

`cWntep hntamN\ns ]mX Xpd

pXn hgnncnhmbncpp setbm 13ma

am]mbpsS Xncpshgpv.

]mem cq]Xbn IS\mSv CShIbn

tXmakv ]mtdam 1736 sk]vXw _ 10

\v P\np. Bemv skan\mcnbn

sshZnI]T\w \Sn. 1761 sshZn]w

kzoIcnp. XpSv kzw CShIbmb

IS\mSv hnImcnbmbn tkh\a\pjvTnp.

1778 1786se tdmw enkv_ bm{Xbvvam

Icnbmnens klNmcnbmbncpp. Ah

cpsS hntZi bm{XbpsS hnhcWamWv

]mtdam cNn "ham\ ]pkvXIw'.

CXv `mcX `mjIfnse BZy bm{Xmhnh

cWamWv. AKm[]finX\pw kmlnXyIm

c\pw k`m kvt\lnbpamb Hcp ]mtdam

ens\bbmWv\ Cu {Kn ImWp

Xv.

am Icnbmnens acWspSv

1787 Unkw_dn ]mtdam tIcfn

sen. sImSpq AXncq]XbpsS

`cWw GsSpp. sa{XmtmeombpsSA`mhn tKmhWtZm F ]Zhn

bmWv Atln\v DmbncpXv Aam

enbmbncpp BZy Bm\w. 1788 BZyw

Atlw kpdnbm\n {InkvXym\nIfpsS Hcp

s]mXptbmKw Aamenbn hnfnpIqn.

Cu ktf\nemWv {]knamb "A

amen ]Sntbme' FgpXn DmnbXv.

tKmhWtZmdns `cWImembn

cpp Snphns tIcfm{IaWw. Aamenbn \npw Atlw Bm\w hSbmv

]nbntev amn. tKmhWtZmdns

kuIcymw Xn ampcI 1790

]WnIgnnXmWv hSbmv ]n. ]noSv

Atlw XmaknXv cma]pcmbncpp.

cma]pcphv 1799 amv 20\v 63mas

hbkn Atlw Cu temIhmkw shSn

p.

tKmhWtZmtXmakv ]mtdam


34/52

34 ImcpWnI amv 2012

Rm Hcp CShI hnImcnbmWv. Xopw

A]cnNnX\msbmcp sshZnI Hcp RmbdmgvN

cmhnse Fs kao]nv Atln\v Rmb

dmgvN Ipm\bn FtmsSmw klIm

nI\mIm Xm]cyapsvAdnbnp. Hcp

CShI hnImcnsb \nebn Rm Fv

\ne]mSv kzoIcnWw? RmbdmgvN Ipm\

bn FtmsSmw _enbnm Xopw

A]cnNnX\mb sshZnIs\ A\phZnmtam?^m. tPmkv sXnt\v, sImn

]utcmlnXyw ]hn{Xamb Hcp IqZmibmWv.

olmcpsS ]npSmcmb sa{XmmcpsS

ssIsbmphgn ]utcmlnXyw kzoIcnhv

am{Xta hnipIp_m\bnm A[nImcap

q. Fm A]cnNnX\mb Hcp sshZnIs\

Ipm\bWn\v A\phZnptm Kuc

hamb Nne Imcy {intXpv. Ch

eo \nbakwlnXbn (Code of Canon Law)

A]cnNnX\mb sshZnI

tUm. tPmkv NndtaIm\ \nba hnZKv[, kotdmae_m taP Bn FnkvtIm ss{S_yqWens sshkv {]knU v

Imt\m\n Iusk

k`m\nbasf (Im\\nbaw) kw_np kwib\nhmcWn\mbnp

ff ]wnbmWnXv. tNmZyv adp]Sn XmdmpXv Im\ \nba]fin

X\mb tUm. tPmkv Nndta BWv. \nfpsS tNmZyfpw kwibfpw

ImcpWnIs hnemkn AbbvpI.

hyamnbnpsnepw ]uckvXy\nba

kwlnXbn hniZamb {]Xn]mZ\sfmpw

ImWpn. Fnepw eo \nbakwlnXbnse

CXpkw_amb \nti GXp kzbm[n

Imck`bnse (Churches Sui Juris) sshZnIpw

_m[IammhpXmWv.

]cnNbsSptcJ lmPcmWw

eo\nbaw hn`mh\w sNpX\pkcnvA]cnNnX\mb sshZnIs\ _enbWn\v

A\phZnWsan Atlw Xs cq]Xmy

ttbm, k\ymksshZnI\msWn _

s A[nImcnbptStbm ]cnNbsSp tcJ

(Letter of recommendation) lmPcmWw. Cu tcJ

sb 'Celebret' FmWv ]dbpI. CXv Hcp hj

n IqSpX ]gapXmIm ]mSn. CXv

sshZnIv \IpXv cq]Xmy\mWv.

k\ymksshZnIvAhcpsS es taey

Ipm\bnm hcptm


35/52

35amv 2012

t\m, taP kpocnbtm es A[nIm

cntm Cu tcJ \ImhpXmWv.

Cu sshZnI GXv hjamWv ]utcmlnXyw

kzoIcnsXpw Ctmgpw cq]Xbn ]utcmln

Xyip{iqj sNpbmfmsWpw hnip

Ipm\bWn \npw CtlsXSbmhp bmsXmcp {]iv\fpanmsbpw

hyamp tcJbmWv "sken{_v' (Celebret).

sshZnI \nbam\pkrXw IqZmiI ]cnIw

sNpXn \nv hnes Bf Fv

DdphcppXmWv Cu tcJ. Fm Nne

efn Cu tcJ BhiysSmdn. sshZn

I A]cnNnX\msWnepw IqZmiIfpsS ]cn

In \nv XSbsnn Fv Ddp

kmlNcyn Cu Xncndnb tcJ Cm

sXbpw hn. Ip_m\bnm A\phZnmhp

XmWv.

IqZmiIfpsS ]cnIw\ntj[nsSp kmlNcy

Xmsg ]dbp kmlNcyfn sshZnIv

IqZmiIfpsS ]cnIw \ntj[nsSpXmWv:

1. km[phmbpw \nbam\pkrXambpw Xncpw

kzoIcnpXn\v k` \ntinnp XS

\ne\ns, \nbahncpambn Xncpw

kzoIcnpI. hnizmkXymKw, ]mjfiX, ioiva

Fo sXpIfpw Cu KWnsSphbmWv.

XncpkzoIcWkabv Cmcy clky

ambncpncnmw. Bcpw CtXn Adnnpm

IpIbpan. Fm Xncp kzoIcWn\ptijw Ch ]ckyamhpIbmsWn Xncp

ns hn\ntbmKw XSbsSmw;

2. \nehnep hnhml_tam, Xncptam,

]cky \nXy{_Ncy {hXtam hgn hnhmln

{]thinpXn \nv XSsncnp Ah

kcn hnhmlw \SpI;

3. km[phmb hnhml_w Asn CtX

Xcnep {hXtam D kv{Xobpambn hnhmlw

\Sphm (knhn hnhmlw BsWn

tmepw) {ianpI;

4. a\qw \clXytbm K`On{Ztam \Sp

Itbm ChbnteXnsenepw hyambn klIcn

pItbm sNpI;

5. Xsstbm asmcmsftbm KpcpX

cambpw Zpcptiy]cambpw AwK`wKsSpp

Itbm BfllXyv {ianpItbm sNpI.

6. sa{Xm ]tam sshZnI]tam Dh

mbn kwhcWw sNsncnp Hcp Iw


36/52

36 ImcpWnI amv 2012

X\nv{]kv XpX ]w CmXncptmtgm Imt\m

\nI inbm Xm AXns hn\ntbmKn

\nv hnesncptmtgm sNbvXnph

tcbpw XncpfpsS hn\ntbmKn \nvXSbmhpXmWv (CIC.C.1044; CCEO. C.763).

A\yev Ipm\Anptm

tad XSsfmpanm sshZn

Iv Xncpns hn\ntbmKn\v XSan

sv hyamWv. Fm A\yev Ip

m\bWn\v BhiysSp sshZnI\v

Xncpns hn\ntbmKn\vXSfnsv

DdphcpWw. CXn\vklmbnp tcJbmWvCelebret.

ss{]hmbn Ipm\Anptm

A]cnNnX\mb sshZnI ss{]hmbn _en

bnWsat BhiysSpppshn

Xncndnb tcJ \njvjntXn. CXv

A{X {][m\sXmbn IWmsSWsan

Fw. Fm B sshZnI XnIpw A]cnNnX\pw kwibmkv]Zamb Npp]mSpIfpsv

hnImcnv tXmpIbpw sNp ]w Bhiy

amb At\zjWw \Sn _enbWn\v

XSfnsv DdphcptXmWv.

]cn]qX {]m]nm]ptcmlnX ISshcmWv

{InkvXp Xs injymbn \ntin ]cn

]qX {]m]nm ]ptcmlnX {]tXyI

hn[n ISshcmWv. ssZhP\tkh\n

\mbn \nXy]ptcmlnX\mb {InkvXphns IqSp

X Dafmb D]IcWfmbn XocpXn\pw

APKWn\vt{ijv Tamb amXrIIfmbncnp

Xn\pambn Ah Xncpm \hamb coXnbn

ssZhn\vISsncnphcmWv ( CCEO.C.368).

ssZhhN\n \npw hn.Ip_m\bn \np

amWtm Duw kzoIcnv BymflnI Pohn

Xn Ah hftcXv. Xqew FmZnh

khpw sshZnI Ip_m\bnWsamWv

k`bpsS B{Klw.

hntZiv t]mIptmkzw cmPywhnv ]pdpt]mIptmsgmwsshZnI XncndnbtcJ IqsSsmp t]mtI

XmWv. hnip\mSv kinptm Ipm

\bnt k`fnepw tdmam\Kcn

hnip Ipm\ Antnhcptmgpw AXp

t]mse {][m\sXomS\ tI{fn Ip

m\bntnhcptmgpsams sshZnI

cpsS Xncndnb tcJ BhiysSmdpv. Cu

tcJ ssIhianmhv tad e

fn Ipm\bnm\p A\phmZhpw

\ntj[nsSmdpv. kzw cmPyn\pn

Ccw Xncndnb tcJ ]etmgpw Bhiyambn

hcmdnsnepw A]cnNnXamb etv

t]mIptm Cu tcJ AXymhiyamWv. A]cn

NnXcmb sshZnIcpsS XncndnbImUv]cntim

[np t_mysm Ahv hn. Ipm\b

nm th kuIcy sNbvXpsImSp

WsaXmWv \nbans A.

klImnIhn.Ipm\bnm\p AhImiw sshZn

Iv Dv Fv ]dbptm AXv GXv A]cn

NnX ssZhmebnepw RmbdmgvN Ip_m\bvv

{][m\ ImnIt\msSmw klImnI\mhpI

Fv AXn\an. Nne kmlNcyfn

A]cnNnX\mb sshZnIs\ klImnI\mhm

A\phZnpXmbncnpw, Ahsc Hbvv Ip

_m\bnphm A\phZnpXnt\m

A`n ejWobw. Nne kmlNcyfn av{IaoI

cWfpw sNtnhtmw. DZmlcWambn,

tIcfn \nvtdmansep sshZnI\v Ahn

sSbp kplrpfmb aebmfnIpthn

kuIcyamb kabv aebmfn Ipm\

bnm\mbncnpw IqSpX Xm]cyw.

CShI hnImcnbpsS AhImiwChnsS A]cnNnX\mb sshZnI RmbdmgvN


37/52

37amv 2012

Ip_m\bvv klImnI\mIm\mWv hnImcn

tbmSv BhiysncnpXv. CXv A\phZn

mt\m \ncknmt\m CShIhnImcnv AhIm

iapv. \ncknptm AXn\p hyambImcW DmbncnWsapam{Xw. hy

amb ImcW CmsX Ccw A`y\I

\ncknpXv ]utcmlnXyIqmbvabvpw kl

IcWn\pw D]hnpw hncpamb \S]Snbmbn

cnpw (CCEO.C.379;CIC.C.275).

ssZhimkv{X]camb {]m[m\ywIqZmiI k`bpsS HutZymKnImcm[\bmWv.

AXpsImvIqZmiIfpsS {]tXyInv hn.Ip_m

\bpsS ]cnIw k`bpsS {]hrn F \ne

bn km[npnStmfw ss{IkvXh hnizm

knIfpsS kPoh`mK`mKnXztmsSbmbncn

Wsav k`m\nban \njvIjnnpv.

(CCEO.C.673; CIC.C.837/2). Xqew hnizmknIfpsS

kaqln _enbnp sshZnIt\msSmw

klImnI\mbn _enbnm A\phZn

Wsa A`y\bvv ssZhimkv{X]camb

{]m[m\yapv.

cq]Xmys\nti ]mensSWw.

sshZnI\v hn.Ip_m\bnm\pw ssZh

hN\ {]tLmjn\pw XncpkzoIcWn

eqsS A[nImcw e`nppshnepw Hmtcm cq]

Xbnepw ChbpsS ]cnIw kw_nv cq]

Xmy \Inbnp \nti ]men

tXmWv. ]utcmlnXyw kzoIcn hyn

IqZmiIfpsS ]cnIn \nv XSbsnnsn Atln\v Znhkhpw hn. Ip_m

\bnm\p AhImiapv. Fm Hcp

{]tXyI CShIbpsS NpaXe hlnp hnImcn

CShIP\ns kuIcymw GsSpn

bncnp AP]me\{IaoIcW amn adn

m av sshZnIv AhImian. XXmb

ImcWfpsn hnizmknkaqltmsSmw

_enbnm\p A`y\ \ncknpIbpw

sNmw.

CShI hnImcnbpsS NpaXeIHcp {]tXyI CShIbnse BflmfpsS kwc

Ww kzw CSbs\t]mse `ctan

snp sshZnI\mWvCShI hnImcn. Ipm\bWns kab{Iaw, BcmWv Ip_m

\bvvImnIXzw hlntXv , BcmWvhN\

{]tLmjWw \StXvFo Imcy Xocp

am\nm\p A[nImcw CShI hnImcnpv.

AP]me\]camb Xocpam\ ssIsmp

tm APKWfpsS AhImi kwcn

sSppsv DdphcppIbpw thWw.

kab{Iaw ]menmsX Gsd t\cw {]kwKw

ioeamnbnphcpw, Ipm\bWns

kabw A\nb{nXambn \onsmv t]mhpI

bpw, kzw {]iv\ AhXcnnv P\sf

apjnnpIbpw sNphsc Xs CShI ssZhm

ebn Znhy_enbnpXn \nv \nb

{nmhpXmWv. Cu Imcysfn hnImcnv

hyamb AdnhpmbncnpIbpw, AXns

ASnm\n am{Xw \nb{W GsSp

pIbpw sNphm ]mSpq.

tNmZyImhv {]Xn]mZnnp A]cnNnX

\mb sshZnI IqZmiI ]cnIw sNp

Xn\vXSfp BfmXn\m Atls

klImnI\mtbm, AYhm GsXnepw kab

v kzambn Ip_m\bnmt\m A\phZn

msavam{Xa A{]Imcw sNpXn\v CShI

hnImcnv ISabpapv.

AP]me\]camb

Xocpam\ ssIsmp

tm APKWfpsS

AhImi kwcn

sSppsv

DdphcppIbpw thWw.


38/52

38 ImcpWnI amv 2012

A\pIcWfpsS]cnanXnI

kw

IYm \ncq]Ww

`hnhsb am{Xa kw`hnmhph

sbqSn ImWnpXcph\mWvIem

Imc. AXpsImmWv IemImcs\ {]hmNI

kz`mhaph\mbn ]cnKWnpXv. Ihn {Im

Zin Fv mcXob kmlnXyknmfpw ]dbppv. {ImZin Fm ISp ImWp

h, apIqn ImWph FsmsbmWv

AampXv. kmwkvmcnI \mbImcmbn

\mw IemImcmsc AwKoIcnpIbpw sNbvXp

hcpp.

a\pjya\n aqeyfpsS hnp]mIn

apfnv ^e{]m]vXnbntev hfnsmp

hcphm Hcp IemImct\mfw asmcmpw Ignb

Wsan. IemImc krjvSnIn\pthn

PohnXns ]e kpJt`mKfpw XyPnph

\mWv. henb [ym\ntbpw a\\ntbpw

]cnWX^eambnmWv anI krjvSnIsfmw

PsaSppXv, Fm Cs IemImcs

PohnXw Imens ta C{Xhenb kzm[o\w

t\Sppshv ]dbm\mhn. {]hmNIZuXy

tmsS cN\bntesSp IemImcmcpsS

Fw Ipdphcpp. ]etaJebnepsaXp

t]mse kmaqlymhIfpambn henbs]mcp

s{]m^. amXyp Xmgt

sSepIvIemImc kzbw XmdmIppv .

ImfnZmks\pdnv aptcn hntijnnXp

t]mse Cs FgppIm Imens Zmk

mcmbn amdppv. IemImc t\cnSp Cc

samcp AkvXnXz{]iv\amWv 2012 amv 11 ense amXr`qan BgvNXnn hn. Zneo]v Fgp

Xnb "anan{In' F IY AhXcnnpXv.

tPm i_vZm\pIcW IemImc\mWv. Adp]

n\mep arKfptSbpw apnssbp ]nIfp

sSbpw P\\w, hf, CctXS XpSnbp

i_vZ Abm A\pIcnpw. kn\nam cmjv

{Sob taJeIfnse {]ikvXcptSbpw i_vZ

Abmv hgpw. Xncame hoip i_vZhpw

ImSn\p Xo ]nSnp i_vZhpw apw Abm

AhXcnnmdpv. {]]nse tIs

Xpw tIm\ncnpXpamb i_vZfntev

ImXpIqn PohnXamWv tPm \bnpXv.

i_vZp ]ndtIbmWv AbmfpsS PohnXw.

Ccp]sphbpImc\mb tPm sXmgn

clnX\mWv. sat{Smknnbnse sslsSIv F

temUvPn kplrmb jaodns\mamWvtPm

XmmenIambn Ctm XmaknpXv. cm{Xn

bn tPmenIgnv apdnbnsep jaodns\

B[p\nI ImeLn kXyn\v kw`hnp ]oVm\p`hns Nn{Xw

hcp Imp hn. Zneo]ns "anan{In', kv{XobpsS AkzX{Xbvv kv{XoXs \nanamIppshv Nqnmp t{KknbpsS "hcvt]mv' Fo

IYIfmWv Cu en ]cnNbsSppXv


39/52

39amv 2012

]mp]mSntInpIbpw i_vZ A\pIcnp

tInpIbpw sNpw tPm. tPmWns knn

sb jao AwKoIcnpIbpw t{]mmlnnp

Ibpw sNpw.

temUvPns FXnhimbn kn\na kwhn

[mbI lcn\\ Xmaknpp. sslsSn

se asmcp apdnbn Xmaknp Pb sIm

tmn lcn\\s ASp kn\nabn Ah

kcw {]Xonv Ignbpp. cm{Xnbn henb H

mSv tIv Ah ]pdndn. chncmPv F

AtUztns apdnbn \nmWv B i_vZw

tIXv. Pb sImtmn Fbm ]dp.

chncmPns apdnbn Hcp s]pv. chncmPv ]pd

ndn tPmWns\ t\mnncnp. acptamfpw

`mhpw hnpsv ]dbpIbpw sNbvXp.

sNInSnbpsS i_vZw, At F Aednc

n Hsbpw i_vZfpsS t\sc ImXp Iqn

p tPm tIp. chncmPns apdnbn \npwGeSnbpsS i_vZw XmgvphcpXv tPm

a\nemn. FmWv sNtsXXdnbmsX

tPm Bibnsetmsgm Ddntmbn. t\cw

shfptm chncmPns apdn ]pdp \npw

]qnbncnpp. \nwKX Hcp kndnn \ndv

IpnhXpt]mse icocn\v tXmn. tPm

Ctm honemWv. jao t^m sNbvXtm

]dp. As ]oU\cm{Xn {]amZamb tI

kmbncnpp. t]meokv Fmhtcbpw tNmZyw

sNbvXphcpp. t]meokvtNmZnm Fp ]db

Wsapw jao ]dp. ""Hpw Adnbn. Hpw

tIn'' samgnI Hcpt]msebmhm As\

]dbWw.

B[p\nI ImeLn kXyn\p kw`hn

p ]oUm\p`hamWv Cu IY AhXcnnp

Xv. IemImc kmaqlymhIfpsS ASnabm

bncnpp. \psS kaqln kw`hnp

sXpIpv \msamw Dc hmZnIfmIp

pv. IemImcs \njv{InbXzw AhXcnnp

IY BJym\nsbpw hnjbntbpw

]pXpasImv Htsd {insSpp.

s^an\nvBibfpsS Iikzcw sNdp

IYIfn tIn FgppImcnbmWv t{Kkn.

]pcpj \nnXtemIs {]Xntcm[nvkv {Xobp

sS kzXz]p\\nnXnbmWv IYmcN\bneqsS

Ah eyanXv. ]e s^an\nvFgppImcn

Ifnepw \ne]mSpamw Zriyambncpp. 2012 amv

ew "Krlevan'bn t{Kkn FgpXnb "hcv

t]mv' F IY kv{XobpsS AkzX{Xbvv

kv{Xo Xs \nanamIppshvkqNnnpp.

A `mKhXw hmbnpp. ]pdv aIs

ImapInbmbncp tamWmenk F kv{XobpsS

Bflmhv app \npp. aIs hnhml

hm Adn Ah temdnbvSnbnsSpI

bmbncpp. aI s]pImWm t]mIpXns

Xtev AhtfmSv Cdnhcm ]dncpp.X\nvXmsg c\pPnam DXpsImv Ah

Xmdmbn. tamWmenk acnXdnv aI

shandmsX InSpshpw C\n CXnse Npn

nbm XInSv Xmdmn hbvpsapw A

AhtfmSv]dp. Xm \{kmWnbmbXpsImv

XInsSmpw Xs _m[nnsvAh adp]Sn

]dp. aI \ns hnhmlw Ignncpsn

]ctemIPohnXw t]mepw \jvSamIpambncps

pw A ]dp. Ahsf ]nXncnnphm

`mKhXw hmbnpXp tI v AepXncn

Bflmhn\p tamw Innb IYIqSn A ]d

p. AXptIv Bflmhv Xncnpt]mbn.

kv{XobpsS kzmX{yn\v Adnhnmbvabpw

BNmcm\pjvTm\fpsamw FXncmsW

[z\nbmWvIYbnepXv . \qmpI ]gap

kmaqlnILS\sb ]nXpScpIbmWvkpJPohn

Xn\p hgn F sFdWnbmWv Cu IY

P\nnpXv.


40/52

40 ImcpWnI amv 2012

AXnPoh\ns KmY

A

IhnXm \ncq]Ww

XnPoh\ns KmYbmWvhnPbev an

bpsS BgnF IhnX. amXr`qan

bpsS 2012 s^{_phcn 19 25 enemWvIhnX

hmbn m Ign bp Xv. AXn Po h \ Nn I

smw PohPme t\SnsbSpp kzXzip

nbpsS IqSn Bem]\amWv IhnX.Pohs D]n PenemWtm? ISens

ASnn qan kqnncnp NpSpteml{Zm

hIw DdpIqSnb IpgepI Dv; Cu Ipgep

IfpsS Npphfn IpI Cm ]eXcw

PohnIfpw. Nne sNo\pIfpw Ccn s]

hbmWv. hfbpsS BZyLfn Ptem]cn

Xe n Ign bp Ch cq] ] cn Wm a ]qn bn

septm ASn nse 450 Un{Kn skjykv

NqSn sNp]n AhnSps \nXy AImcn Ign tb n h cp p. AtXmsS Ah bpsS

IpIfpw \jvSsSpp. AImcns \Sp

hn Ccp {Kkn t\{XtfmsS IgnbpI FXv

AhbpsS \ntbmKambnocpp.

\nXymImcns \Sphnep Cu PohnXw

AXnPoh\ntXmWv. ]pIXpp IpgepI

cntI PohnXw, sImSpwNqSn \Sphnep PohnXw

AXnPoh\a{w sNmnbpXmWv. Pohimkv{X

amv\nXyIuXpIImcnbmb AXnPoh\

s{]m^. tXmakv ]mdbv

ns ]mT Ah IcpXnhncnpp; Poh

s Dnbntev \bnmhp ]mTns

Icp X. Bg S ens Bt b ta J e I fn

Isn sm n cn p AXn Po h \ ns

\nXyhnkvabfnep IpSnbncnpIsf IhnbpsS

kqva\ncoWkaamb mh\bn hfnsbSppXmWv "Bgn'F IhnX.

A Im cm hr X amb ASn n em bn cn p

Ip]qnb sNo Xs AcwKn ]q

Imefntev IpXnpIbmWv.

I\ndtm Iq

]pRm, tans\,

Fsmcp Nw, i_vZw,

hkw, Pothmhw.

hnimeamb ISens tacnembncptmXn \ndmSnb Pothmhns kIe

`mhi_fXbpw CXm AebSnpbcpIbmWv. ta

ns \b\m`ncmanXzw Cpw X\nv \jvSs

nn. AhnsS \ndp \nncp Nw Nm

nb hkIme`wKnI IqnbS IpI

fn Ctmgpw \jvSsSmXncnpp.

Fnepw ta S ens \oXnbnse ]mcp jy

fpw hnkvarXa. Iqv ]pfnt]mse Xn

em gvn d nb IS\oXn ssIq n t Xm Wv.

\nXymImcn \np AXnPoh\ns t\mgvNI ]IpX

cp hnPbevanbpsS "Bgn' (amXr`qan 2012 s^{_phcn 19 25 ew)

F IhnXsbbmWv Cu en ]cnNbsSppXv.


41/52

41amv 2012

A\ptbmPyambXns\ am{Xw Ahtijnnp

imkv{X ns \oXn I j ]q cnXam Wv. IS

hocyns cqmhnjvmcamWv.

Adnhn aSpmse

]qtImi t`Znsmcp\m,

]qmImcw ]qpRm\pWtm

IpI thmXmw

ISpw Iqcncptm

ssI]nSntn temlpSpNnn\ntmn.

tan \nv Iqcncppw sImSpw NqSpw \nd

Nnn\nphn FnbXv Adnhns \ndhnep ]cnWmaambncpp. ]qmImcw {]m]n

tm AdnhpI s\dnhpIfmbn cq]sSpIbpw

sNpp. Anbn kv]pSw sNsSp kzw,

X\nambn cq]mcsSp mhmflI{]{Inb

AXmWv Xncndnhnsenb ]qXbpsS \n\

hpI.

Ip I A{] k amb sImSpw Iqcncp n

Ignbp Xm Bgfnsenbncnpp F

XncndnhmWvAXnPoh\ns {]Ya]mTw. Bg

fn acns t]mhocy fn. AhnsS

aZns CfInadnben. t{Im[ns then

tbhpw thenbndhpan. Bbp[fpsS cnwJW

\mZhpan. hmNmtSm]fpsS s]cpw]SpIfn.

Fmw X\nv {]imXbmbv ]cnW anncnp

p. imXam{XamWnvioew. kuayXbpsSbpw

imXbpsSbpw kwkvImcw Xfw sIn \np

nSamWv Bgw.

ta S Ae dn p Xn t; CfIn adn bt;

Iq XncameI AhbpsS Duw {]tLmjn

s. hepXv sNdpXns\ Blcnt. sNdpXv

hepXn\pn Zlnt. hepXns ZtmSv

AXns\ hoinnSnph FXncnSt. ehpwImehpw Cv X\nv A{] kamWv. apn

ep I ImgvNI Iv Ae p sIm t.

Rm \nmcns \ngemb Aev]{]mWnam{Xw.

BgnbpsS AInse A]mZpIfn Ign

bp XpPohnbmWv Rm. Cp Rm \nwK

Xsb hcnncnpp. Ccpfpw ]Iepw ISm

Cu Iqcncpn Rm hps]Xvalm`mKyambn.

IpamtSw hmgq

sas \niq\yns

Nnn hpZntq

a\p[ym\ns \oew:

Cp Xm kzamnbncnp imX A\p

[ym\ns \oenabntev Dbcm\p Ahk

camWv. Bgfn \nv[ym\mflIXbpsS \oe

hnlmbntep IpXnn\vhgnsbmcpnbXn

B\npIbmWv IcWobambnpXv. {]im

Xbnte [ym\ns ]ctImSnbntevDbcm\mhq

F DmgvN BflobXbpsSbpw auXnIXbp

sSbpw kqva a fi e fn Fm X\nvImcWambn. sFizcy]qWnabpsS \oeN{Ihm

f AI p I fn Zin p hm Xs

{]m]vX\mnbXv _mlyt\{Xv kw`hn

A X bmWv. AXbn \nv D ns

Xpdhnbntev F ]mTw IhnXbptSXv Xs.

Cns APohnXns t\cdnbm Ign

bp shn\{Xw BcnIambn sXfnbpsa

ip``mhnemWv IhnXbpsS hnebw. AImc

n \nv{]Imi{]Npcnabntep hyn

PohnX]cnh\ns `mhKm\ambn AXnPo

h\ns IhnX amdpIbmWv. Poh\w AXnPoh

\ntev hgnamdpp.

AXn Po h \ ]m T hynv al Xz n te

p IpXnmbnocp mhmflIXbpsS Du

amWv Ihn X bn Xfw sIn \npXv.

A Im c nse sImSpwNqSnepw AXn Po h\w

`mhm flIk bmbn cq] s Sp Ihn Iw

km[phmWv.


42/52

42 ImcpWnI amv 2012

Xns ASbmfw

`

{]XnIcnp hnizmkw

\mb inatbms \mhp s]mmbn. Fp

\m {]mbapmbncp iniphn\v Cutim

sb t]cn Znhkw inatbm {]hNnp: Ch

Xns ASbmfambncnpw (eq 2: 34).

Ahs\smnbp HSpm Xns

XcwKfnsemvtIcfnepw ASp Imevhpt]mbn. hnhphpsmcp cm{ob

{]m\w hnhImcnIfpsSIqsS {InkvXphns\

{]XnjvTnXpw AyAmgns Imq

]Xnpambncpp ChnsS XhnjbambXv.

{InkvXob kaqln\Ip\npw ]pdp

\npw CtXpdnv Htsd {]XnIcWfp

mbn. B Znhkfnepmb {InkvXob {]Xn

IcW hnhmZns XncsbmSpnb Cu

t\cv Xpd hnebncpepI Alnppv.

{]XnIcWfnse {InkvXpkv]iw{InkvXphns\{]Xnbp \psS {]XnIcW

fn {InkvXob ssienbpmtb Xocq. {Inkv

Xphns\ {]Xntcm[npI F eytmSp

IqSnb {]XnIcWfpw Ahs aqeykev]

tmSp tNcWw Fv {InkvXphn\v \n_

apv. AXpsImmWvAhs\ kwcnm\mbn

tUm. amXyp Cp]dntamd XntbmfPn s{]m^k, awKepg

hmfphoinb ]t{Xmkns\ Cutim XncppXv

(am. 26: 52). {InkvXphns\ Nph hnhImcn

IfpsSIqsS FpXv hnizmknI AhKWn

pIftb Imcya. ImcWw, {InkvXphns\

IayqWnv hnhImcnIfpsS \ncbn {]Xn

jvTnpXv {InkvXpktihpw amIvknkhpwXn hyXymkfn F {]XoXn krnpw.

AXpsImv {InkvXobXbpw amIvknkhpw

Xn FhnsSbmw AIepp, Fsmw Imcy

fn ]qhyXymkapv Fsmw hyam

m k`mkaqln\p ISabpv. CXmIs

Imhns\ IayqWnpIqn \nv cn

sSpm thnb; a\pjycn {]tXyInv

{InkvXob hnizmknIfn sXnmcWI Dm

ImXncnm thnbmWv.aXhnizmks FXnpIbpw ]e \mSpI

fn ss{IkvXhsc ]oUnnpIbpw sNbvX Hcp

cm{ob {]m\w {InkvXp sImmw, Bsfmcp

hnhImcnbmWv F an Ahs\ kzam

m t\mpXv B {]m\ns cm{ob

]mcamWv. Asn aphogvNI Gp

]dv aXhnizmktmSp ]gb \ne]mSpI

XncppXv ImWm\mhWw. AXnmXp

sImv CsXmcp XmXvImenI AShp\bw am{X

{InkvXp hns\ Npn n hnhm Zhpw Xhpw Dbp h cp tm ss{IkvX

hcpw k`bpw AhtbmSv {]XnIcntXv Fs\bmWv? IyqWnp hn

hImcnIfpsSIqsS {InkvXpNn{Xw {]XnjvTnXnsbpw XncphmgImqWnsbpw ]men Hct\zj Ww.


43/52

43amv 2012

amsWv Bpw a\nemmhptXbpq.

CsXms hyamtXpw {]XnIcntXpw

{][m\ambpw ChnSps cm{ob{]m\

fmWv.

ss{IkvXh {]tLmjnp CutimbpsS

hynXzns sXfnhv s]mXpkaqlw Zin

tXv ss{IkvXhcpsS PohnXssienbnepw

{]XnIcWfnepamWv. ssZhw kvt\lamsWktihpw \maXv {]ISnnp ssienbpw

Xn s]mcpw thWw. ssZhw kvt\lam

sWv sXcphnendn Bt{Iminm\mhn.

ssZhw kvt\lamsWv FmhtcmSpw kvt\l

tmsStb ]dbm\mhq. {InkvXp kvt\lns

hnhImcnbmsWv apnNpcpn FXncmfnIsf

`ojWnsSppwhn[w hnfnp]dbm Ignbn.

{InkvXpNn{XNcn{X]pcpj\mb Cutimsb ImemIme

fn a\pjy ]eXcn AhXcnnnpv.

AXn\v aphv kzmX{yan Fv \apv

]dbm\mhn, {]tXyInpw Hcp _lpkzc kaq

ln. Cutimsb Ncn{X]pcpj GsXn

epw aXkaqlns kzamsWpw ]dbm\m

hn; ]t Cutimsbpdnp {InkvXob

hnizmkw ss{IkvXhpam{Xw kzamWv.

Ahs\ Bt]np kmlNcyw Xobmbpw

hnizmknIsf thZ\nnpw; Cmcyn hnizm

knIv XfpsS \ne]mSdnbnm\pw kzmX

{yapv. Fm CXnep]cn, {InkvXphns\

\mam{Klnm coXnbn a\nempItbm

Nn{XoIcnpItbm sNphsc `npIbpw

shphnfnpIbpw AhsXntc sXcphnend

pIbpw sNpXv Fpam{Xw {InkvXobam

sWv BtemNnm\pv.Ncn{X]pcpj\mb Cutimsb XfpsS kuI

cya\pkcnv]e aXfpw {]m\fpw hyn

Ifpw a\nempIbpw hymJym\npIbpw Nn{Xo

IcnpIbpw sNbvXnpv. apmas tZhmebw

]Wnbpw (Fkn. 37: 2628), kIe blqZtcbpw

Ah C{kmtben HcpanpIqpw (Gi 43:

56) XpSnb ss__n {]hN\ ]qn

bmmXpsImv blqZ Cutimsb hcm

\ncp aninlmbmbn ImWpn. CmwaXw

Cutimsb Hcp {]hmNI\mbnmWv ImWpXv;

Ah Ipcnin acnnn Fpw Ah hniz

knpp. btlmhkmnIfn Nnescnepw

Cutimsb apJyZqX\mb anJmtb BbnmWv

IcpXpXv. bpssWUv s]tIm kaql

n\vCutim kz\mb ]nXmhpambn hyXym

kanm `qanbnse Ahs ]Xnpam{XamWv.

The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (Moscow, 1952) F

{Kn Cutim F Xesn\p Xmsg


44/52

44 ImcpWnI amv 2012

tIhew cp hcnam{Xwhcp Hcp JfinIbn

Cutimsb hntijnnpXv{Inkv XpaXns

Iev]nX m]I FmWv. Cutim Pohnncp

nn Fv {]Ncnnphcpw temInepv. Cu \ne]mSpIsfmpw {InkvXob

hnizmktmtSm Itmenm]mccytmsSm

tNpt]mIphb. ]t AXns t]cn

ss{IkvXhk` ChtcmsSmw ]SpdmSv \S

mdn; As\ sNbvXmeXv bpnklambn

cnpIbn; k`bpsS ]mccyn\pw \ncp

XmhpIbn. ImcWw, aXXo{hhmZns sNdp

]XnmWnXv.

Fm {InkvXob kapln\Ivhnizmk

{`wifpmhptm k` AXv Xncpmdpv;

hn. {Kn\pw k`m]mccyn\pw hncp

amb \ne]msSSpph k`mkaqln\p

]pdmsWv k` {]Jym]nmdpapv. AXv

thXpamWv.

\sXv. \psS hnizmkhnjbhpw \apv

ssZh]p{X\pamb {InkvXphns\ Fmhcpw A

s\ IcpXnsmWw Fv \apv iTnm\m

hn. ]t Ah\n hnizknmhpw{imlamb ktiw Ah\pv. AXvkpXmcy

amm\p thZnIfmWv {InkvXphns\ Npnn

Dbphcp X. Cutimsb A[nt

]nphsXnscbp Xo{h {]XnIcW

fn \psS {i HXpnbXpaqew Cu hnhmZw

sImph km[yXI \apv {]tbmP\sSp

m Ignn.

k`bpw {InkvXphpw Xns ASbmf

fmbn amdp k` C\nbpapmIpw. \nkm

cfmb Bt]sf AhKWnm\pw AYhm

]cnKWnm\phtbmSvAlamb Kuchtm

sSam{Xw {]XnIcnm\pap ]mIX hnizmkkaq

ln DmtIXpv. HmtemNnm,

GXm\pw hjfmbn IaypWnkw FvGhpw

IqSpX tIpXv ItmenmthZnIfn

\nmbncnpp. IaypWnks ]dp]dp

FXnpXphgn \ntj[mflIambn msWnepw

\maXn\v ]ckyw sImSppsImncnp n

XnbmWpXv. FXnstS hnjbtfmSp kao]\n A\pIcWmlamb ]IzXbpw

IcpXepamWv]cnip knwlmk\w ]pemdp

Xv FXpw \mw {intXpv.

{InkvXob Acq]nbn Pzenp hynIfpw

kaqlfpamWv{Inkv Xphns FXncmfnIp

icnbmb adp]Sn. AXn\v kphntijm\p

krXhpw AXphgn {InkvXptI{oIrXhpamb

PohnXssiensbn k`Iv\nccw ]db

stSXpv. AXpt]mse k`bpsS FXncmfnI

tfmSv kw`mjWnsbpw kwhmZnsbpw

km[npnSvklIcWnsbpw kao]\w

\mw kzoIcntXpv. ]t Cu k`mssi

env "BscSm' Fntmv tNmZnptm

"FsSm' Ftm v tNmZnpXns hodpw

]ncnapdphpw BqP\yamb elcnbpw

Hpw tXmpIbn. AXs\tb hcq. ImcWw

Ipcnin acntijw aqmw\m Dbnht

XmWv k`.

hnhmZnse km[yXICutimsbpdnv cm{ob cwKv Dbp

h hnhmZw hmkvXhn tIcf ss{IkvX

hvhenb kmyXIfmWv XpdnXv . Cutim

bpsS hynXzspdnpw [spdnpw

s]mXpkaqlw {inm CSbmb {]tXyI

k`ambncpp AXv. CutimbpsS cm{ob

\ne]mSpIsfpdnpw s]mXp{]knsbpdn

pap kwhmZhpw Nmk`hpamn

AXns\ amm \apv Ignn. {In

karunikan 2012 march

Documents