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TRANSCRIPT
Stress Management and
Prevention Program Resource
Guide
Stress Management and Prevention Program Resource Guide
By
Jennifer Kitchen
July 15, 2013
Table of ContentsS E C T I O N 1 T H E N A T U R E O F S T R E S S
Information to Remember
Resources: Exercises
Tools: Journal Writing
S E C T I O N 2 T H E B O D Y A S B A T T L E F I E L D
Information to Remember
Resources: Exercises
Tools: Journal Writing
S E C T I O N 3 F E A S T S O R F A M I N E
Information to Remember
Resources: Exercises
Tools: Journal Writing
S E C T I O N 4 O N E P L A N E T U N D E R S T R E S S
Information to Remember
Resources: Exercises
Tools: Journal Writing
S E C T I O N 5 U N D E R S T R E S S : W H A T N O W ?
Information to Remember
Resources: Exercises
Tools: Journal Writing
S E C T I O N 6 A G E L E S S W I S D O M O F M E D I T A T I O N
Information to Remember
Resources: Exercises
Tools: Journal Writing
3
S E C T I O N 7 S I G H T S , S O U N D , A N D B O D Y W O R K
Information to Remember
Resources: Exercises
Tools: Journal Writing
S E C T I O N 8 T H E W E L L N E S S M A N D A L A
Information to Remember
Resources: Exercises
Tools: Journal Writing
S E C T I O N 9 A P P L Y I N G S T R E S S : C R I T I C A L M A N A G E M E N T A N D
P R E V E N T I O N T O Y O U R P R O F E S S I O N A L L I F E
Information to Remember
Resources: Exercises
Tools: Journal Writing
A D D I T I O N A L I N F O R M A T I O N
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“We cannot solve our problems when thinking in the same ways that created them.”
Einstein
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Section 1: The Nature of Stress
Information to Remember:
The Holistic Definition of Stress
Stress is the experience of a perceived threat, real or imagined, to one’s mental, physical, or spiritual
well-being. Holistically, stress is the inability to cope with a perceived threat to one’s mental,
physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being. Stress results in a series of physiological responses and
adaptations. (Seaward, 2009,p.6)
Wellness paradigm
The wellness paradigm looks at total wellness as the balance, integration, and harmony of the
physical, intellectual, emotional, and spiritual aspects of the human condition. These four
components of total well-being are so closely connected and interwoven that it is virtually
impossible to divide them. Wellness is the whole being greater than the sum of the parts.
(Seaward, 2009)
The stages of the fight-or-flight response
Stage 1. Stimuli from one or more of the five senses are sent to the brain. A smell, sound, sight,
taste, or feeling may invoke stimulus of the senses.
Section
1
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Stage 2. The brain deciphers this stimulus as either a threat or a non-threat. If the stimulus is not
regarded as a threat, the response ends. If the response is decoded as a real threat, the brain then
activates the nervous and endocrine systems. These systems prepare for defense (fight) and/or
escape (flight).
Stage 3. The body’s parasympathetic system stays active, until the threat is no longer perceived as a
threat.
Stage 4. The body returns to homeostasis, a state of physiological calmness. (Seaward, 2009, p.6)
Resources: Exercises:
Inventory: Are You Stressed? (Seaward, 2008, Exercise 1.1)
This simple stress inventory questionnaire is to help “increase awareness” of a problem in one or
more areas of your life and to determine the level of stressors.
Self-Assessment: Poor Sleep Habits Questionnaire (Seaward, 2008, Exercise 1.3)
These questions are “based on specific factors associated with either a good night’s sleep or the lack
of it” to help you see were changes in sleeping patterns need change.
Tools: Journal Writing:
My Health Philosophy (Seaward, 2008, Exercise 1.2)
Journal writing helps to open up new perspective on personal philosophies of health.
A Good Night’s Sleep (Seaward, 2008, Exercise 1.4)
Writing about habits can help us pick out what we need to change.
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Section 2: The Body as Battlefield
Information to Remember:
Anatomy and Physiology of Stress
The body is composed of many different systems that work together to perform the necessary
functions of daily functions of life. The systems are the musculoskeletal system, nervous system,
cardiovascular system, respiratory system, endocrine system, reproductive system, nervous system,
digestive system, and immune system. If a health problem occurs with one of these systems, the
other systems become affected. Physical well-being, therefore, is the optimal functioning of all of
the physiological systems.
Stress and the Immune System
The immune system defends the body against infectious agents, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and
parasites. This is a complex process; the immune system must be able to tell the difference
between cells that are normal parts of the body and cells that have invaded the body (Sapolsky,
1998, p. 145-146). When bombarded with chronic stress, the immune system becomes
compromised. It often happens that when one looks back to their most recent illness they can find
a stressful experience that triggered the stress response and sent stress hormones throughout the
body.
Section
2
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Stress and Disease
Stress can be seen as "wear and tear" on the body. The body has many parts that can break down
and will need to be fixed or replaced. These parts are called "target organs," because
neurochemical pathways produced by chronic stress target them. Any organ can be a target organ.
Stress can affect the hair, skin, blood vessels, joints, muscles, stomach, colon, and any other organ.
There are two categories, in which stress related diseases and/or disorders are classified. Nervous
system-related disorders include headaches, TMJD, IBS, and CHD. Immune system-related
disorders include the flu, allergies, cancers, and ulcers.
Resources: Exercises:
Immediate, Intermediate, and Prolonged Stress Effects (Seaward, 2008, Exercise 2.2)
This is an exercise in reflecting on how your body reacts to stress.
Physical Symptoms Questionnaire (Seaward, 2008, Exercise 3.1)
By looking at how often stress-related symptoms have occurred in the past week, how severe they
seemed, and how long they lasted can help us see a relation between stress and how we feel.
Tools: Journal Writing:
My Health Profile (Seaward, 2008, Exercise 3.3)
This journal writing is about taking some time to explore your overall physical health by filling out
information about it.
When Your Biography Becomes Your Biology (Seaward, 2008, Exercise 3.5)
Life contains many stressors and some we carry for longer than needed. This journal opens to
expression of who we are from who we were.
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Section 3: Feast or Famine
Information to Remember:
Emotions: Fear & Anger
The main purpose of anger and fear is to serve as a protection mechanisms summoning “an
alarm” which kicks the body into survival mode. These two emotions, meant to get us out of
danger, should last only a short time. A person who stays angry or fearful longer than the amount
of time needed to get out of danger is not in control of their emotions. Being in these emotional
states can cause one to feel "emotionally drained.”
Stress-prone Personalities
There are three types of stress-prone personalities. Type A personality was once associated with
time urgency but now is associated with unresolved anger issues and aggressive behavior.
Codependent personality types have many traits and behaviors that can raise the “likelihood of
perceived stress and the inability to cope effectively with it.” They are addictive in nature and
need to make others dependent in order to feel self-validated. A person who has a helpless-
hopeless personality “has given up on life or aspects of it, as a result of repeated failure”
(Seaward, 2009, ch6).
Section
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Human Spirit
“Undoubtedly, spirituality includes the aspects of higher consciousness, transcendence, self-
reliance, love, faith, enlightenment, community, self-actualization, compassion, forgiveness,
mysticism, a higher power, grace, and a multitude of other qualities.” Spirituality and religion are
not the same but these concepts do have commonalities, especially a coming together with what
is divine. Spirituality is all-inclusive and is about experience with a force greater than one’s self,
often based on a personal knowledge. Religions tend to be exclusive and based on rules and
dogma (codes of belief). Spirituality does not contain dogma.
Resources: Exercises:
The Psychology of Your Stress (Seaward, 2008, Exercise 4.1)
This questionnaire is to help you become more aware of your perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors
during stressful situations.
Anger Recognition Checklist (Seaward, 2008, Exercise 5.1)
This questionnaire helps you understand how anger can surface in the course of a normal day and
how it may be mismanaged.
Tools: Journal Writing:
Fifteen Minutes of Fame (Seaward, 2008, Exercise 4.3)
Ego and self-esteem go hand in hand. This journal asks for your own perspective on your ego.
Dreams: The Language of Symbols (Seaward, 2008, Exercise 4.4)
This journal writing asks you to look at your dreams and remember the symbolisms found in them.
All You Need is Love (Seaward, 2008, Exercise 4.7)
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This exercise is an attempt to define love and take at a look at the limitations we place upon
ourselves when we love.
Section 4: One Planet under Stress
Information to Remember:
The Seven Spiritual Laws of Success_
“The Law of Pure Potentiality: A reminder to be silent and look within for guidance and insights
rather than validation through external means.
The Law of Giving: A reminder to live life with an open heart to give and receive freely.
The Law of Karma (or Cause and Effect): The law of cause and effect serves as a reminder that we
reap what we sow.
The Law of Least Effort: A reminder to go with the flow with things that we cannot control as well as
to live in harmony with nature.
The Law of Intention and Desire: A reminder to set our intentions for both big and small goals, yet
not become encumbered by the ego’s desires.
Section
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The Law of Detachment: A reminder to release and let go of all thoughts that hold back our human
potential.
The Law of Dharma or Life Purpose: This law invites contemplation of one’s purpose in
life“(Seaward, 2009, p.170-171).
Global Stress
The global environment and the relationship between people and their environment is known to
produce unfavorable health consequences, such as global warming, overpopulation, socio-
economic gaps and pressures, and increasing poverty and starvation. People have polluted their
own environment producing health risks to themselves and the planet. People need to try to
lessen stress, both the stress of an individual and the global stress in order to recuperate from
these increased health risks.
Joseph Campbell’s Hero’s Journey
The Hero’s Journey is the classic template of the human journey through three stages of the
journeys of life: departure, initiation, and return (Seaward, 2009, p.173-175). Mythologist Joseph
Campbell has dedicated his life to understanding the nature of the spiritual journey. He viewed
the myths, legends, and fables of all cultures and found that one storyline is consistent: A person
leaves their familiar life to venture into the unknown, they encounter many problems along the
way, the problems faced are resolved, and the hero returns home. Campbell referred to this
template as "the hero's journey” in his book, Hero with a Thousand Faces. In his view, each and
every person is on the hero's journey, and every life time includes many journeys within one
grand journey.
Resources: Exercises:
Stress-Prone Personality Survey (Seaward, 2008, Exercise 6.2)
This questionnaire measures the level of stress-prone personality.
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Stress-Resistant Personality Survey (Seaward, 2008, Exercise 6.3)
This questionnaire measures a person’s resistance to stress.
Mandala of the Human Spirit (Seaward, 2008, Exercise 7.2)
This self-awareness tool allows an opportunity to reflect the “components of the human spirit.”
Tools: Journal Writing:
Perfection versus Excellence (Seaward, 2008, Exercise 6.5)
Journal writing to see how much a perfectionist you may be or if you simply strive for a personal
excellence.
The Hero’s Journey: Exploring the Wisdom of Joseph Campbell (Seaward, 2008, Exercise7.13)
This journal writing is about your own personal “Hero’s Journey.”
Section 5: Under Stress: What Now?
Information to Remember:
A Different View
Section
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Reframing allows a person to change the thought process from negative perceptions of a situation
and substitute thoughts, which are neutral or positive without denying that the situation exists.
Seaward comments on the “four-point plan” in reconstructing negative thoughts as “(1) awareness,
(2) reappraisal of the situation, (3) adoption of a new frame of mind, and (4) evaluation of the new
mind frame.” Cognitive restructuring is a coping technique, which substitutes negative (self-
defeating) thoughts with positive (self-affirming) thoughts. This change in thoughts changes the
perception of stressors from threatening to nonthreatening (Seaward, 2009, chptr.8).
Laughter
In Managing Stress, Seaward states “research investigating the psychoneuroimmunological effects
of laughter has found that there is a strong relationship between good health and good humor. “
Humor is a perception of something being funny or comical. This perception can trigger a feeling or
mood of joy and happiness and is considered good medicine by people all over the World. Humor
therapy is a coping technique, which uses humor and comic relief as a means to relieve and reduce
emotional stress. This works by focusing on the funny, humorous, and positive aspects of life and is
even useful when all seems “at a loss.” Laughter can help restore physiological homeostasis, as well
as, promoting mental, emotional, and spiritual well-being (Seaward, 2009, Chptr12).
Simple Assertion and Healthy Boundaries
Assertion and boundaries are parts of personal empowerment are useful for reducing stress and
anxiety. Assertiveness is between passiveness and aggressiveness. To be assertive is to act with a
conscious, balancing freedom with responsibility. It is about getting to where you are going without
having to step on others to get there. It is about taking only what is yours, not taking from others in
order to achieve. Being assertive can promote self-respect, as well as, earning respect from others.
Resources: Exercises:
The Time-Crunch Questionnaire (Seaward, 2008, Exercise15.1)
This questionnaire helps you to look at your time-management skills.
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Time Mapping (Seaward, 2008, Exercise15.4)
This exercise is about seeing how we may actually spend time in 15-minute intervals.
Tools: Journal Writing:
Reframing: Seeing a Bigger, Clearer Perspective (Seaward, 2008, Exercise8.1)
Sometimes we rationalize our situations; this exercise in writing asks us to really look at a situation
in a new view.
Healthy Boundaries (Seaward, 2008, Exercise9.3)
Journal writing on the boundaries we hold and the boundaries we want to make.
Section 6: Ageless Wisdom of Meditation
Information to Remember:
Sensory Overload & Meditation _ “Sensory overload is quite common these days with the
bombardment of information that is available at the “click of a button” or “stroke of a key.” This
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barrage of info can overwhelm the mind. With all the external stimuli, more people are looking to
relax and the practice meditation is common. Meditation is “a practice of increased
concentration that leads to increased awareness; a solitary practice of reflection on internal
rather than external stimuli.” Looking within, instead of at the busy World around us can help
relieve stress (Seaward, 2009, p.353).
Physiological Effects of Meditation _ Physiological changes occur with a regular practice of
meditation. It can decrease oxygen consumption, heart rate, muscle tension, blood pressure, and
levels of lactate in the blood. Meditation also increases skin resistance and alpha waves (Seaward,
2009, p.365-366).
Imagery and Visualization _ The mind has a great ability to create both positive and
negative thoughts and images. With visualization and imagery, a person can determine their
potential. The power of the mind can create images that either heal or hurt. The mind is can be a
powerful partner in managing and preventing stress.
Resources: Exercises:
Three Short Guided Visualizations (Seaward, 2008, Exercise20.2)
These wonderful exercises are in guided visualization.
Tools: Journal Writing:
Bridging the Hemispheres of Thought (Seaward, 2008, Exercise18.3)
Do you think with your left-brain or your right-brain? This is an exercise about balancing the
thought hemispheres.
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Section 7: Sight, Sound, and Body Work
Information to Remember:
The Five Senses _ Information is gathered through the senses. Humans are mainly visual
animals, getting approximately 70 percent of sensory information through the eyes. The ears
gather about 20 percent, and the other three senses accommodate the remaining 10 percent.
Art and Music Therapy _ Music and art are readily available tools for managing and
preventing stress. The role of the arts as healing methods has been around for ages. Healers, of
long ago, believed in the innate wisdom that music has the power to heal. Art can be a way to
unlock the creative expression of the mind. Music and art are techniques used to help with
healing and the management of stress.
Spiritual Nutrition_ Spiritual nutrition is a term used to imply that “the color of specific
fruits and vegetables augment the flow of subtle energy to the respective chakras represented by
these colors.” In Eastern thought and culture, there is a belief that several energy centers or
chakras run from the top of the head to the base of the spine. There are seven chakra and they
are each associated with a color. These are “red (base of spine), orange (navel), yellow (spleen),
green (heart), aqua-blue (throat), indigo blue (forehead), and violet (crown)” (Seaward, 2009, p.
501).
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Resources: Exercises:
Stress-Related Eating Behaviors (Seaward, 2008, Exercise27.1)
Stress can change our eating habits.
Self-Assessment: Nutritional Eating Habits (Seaward, 2008, Exercise27.2)
What we eat can promote stress sometimes.
Tools: Journal Writing:
Fast Food Nation (Seaward, 2008, Exercise27.5)
This is an exercise in journal writing, which asks you to explore your eating habits. How much junk
do you consume when stressed?
Frankenfoods: The Monster Called GMOs (Seaward, 2008, Exercise27.6)
Journal writing that asks us to explore the world of the food industries use of GMOs.
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Section 8: The Wellness Mandala
Information to Remember:
Recommendations for Healthy Eating Habits _ Eating healthy means a lot when it comes to stress
management. In Managing Stress, Seaward lists the 10 dietary guidelines established by the U.S.
Departments of Agriculture and Health and Human Services.
“1. Aim for a healthy weight.
2. be physically active each day.
3. Let the MyPyramid food guidance system guide your food choices.
4. Choose a variety of grains daily, especially whole grains.
5. Choose a variety of fruits and vegetables daily.
6. Keep foods safe to eat.
7. Choose a diet that is low in saturated fat and cholesterol and moderate in total fat.
8. Choose beverages and foods to moderate your intake of sugars.
9. Choose and prepare foods with less salt.
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10. If you drink alcoholic beverages, do so in moderation.” (Seaward, 2009, p.505).
Stress Reduction and Physical Exercise _ Exercise can be consider a physical stressor but it is also a
good stressor. There are psychological benefits of habitual exercise that are listed by Seaward.
“1. Improved self-esteem
2. Improved sense of self-reliance and self-efficacy
3. Improved mental alertness, perception, and information processing
4. Increased perceptions of acceptance by others
5. Decreased feelings of depression and anxiety
6. Decreased overall sense of stress and tension.” (Seaward, 2009, p. 515-516)
Self-Regulation_ “Self-regulation is a self-produced or self-generated activity that expresses the
ability to control various aspects of human physiology. Autogenic training is a relaxation technique
in which an individual gives conscious messages to various body parts to feel warm and heavy. The
effects may cause blood vessels to expand in the specified body regions. Self-hypnosis, another
form of self-regulation, is also used for relaxation. An individual feeds themself with suggestions to
relax (Seaward, 2009, chapter 25).
Resources: Exercises:
Mandala for Personal Health: Your Holistic Stress Management Strategy (Seaward, 2008, Exercise
28.5)
Everyone needs a stress-management plan. This mandala can help to keep your goals in view.
Your Circadian Rhythms (Seaward, 2008, Exercise 28.3)
There are 24 hours in a day. This chart helps you to see how you spend that time and what your
natural schedule is.
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Tools: Journal Writing:
My Body, My Physique (Seaward, 2008, Exercise 28.2)
This exercise helps you to see how you really view your physical self.
My Body’s Rhythms (Seaward, 2008, Exercise28.4)
An exercise in looking at the way we go through the days and seasons of life. The World has a
certain order to its workings.
Section 9: Applying Stress: Critical Management to your Professional Life
Information to Remember:
Information Seeking_ People constantly need more information to understand stressful
situations in life. Information seeking is a common coping technique. Searching for more
information in order to increase understanding about a situation can help relieve stress but
sometimes too much information can add to the confusion (Seaward, p. 325-326). Information
can be gathered in many ways; from other people, the internet, newspapers, magazines, and
books.
Tai Chi_ Many cultures believe in a life force of subtle energy surrounding and permeating
all people. The Chinese call this life force chi. Mental, emotional, and spiritual stress can block the
Section
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flow of chi in the body. This congestion or distortion of one's life energy will lead to disease and
illness. To promote tranquility, a sense of being one with the universe, a harmony with the flow
of chi must be maintained. Tia chi is a holistic discipline, a moving meditation, which Unites mind,
body, and spirit. In tai chi, the slow series of moves that are consciously performed with precision
and finesse work to unblock and regulate chi help restore homeostasis.
Dream Therapy_ “Observations reported by several experts in the field about the dream
process: Everyone dreams, though not everyone remembers their dreams.” Dream therapy is a
coping technique in which dreams are studied and interpreted to help understand stressors in life.
Dreams are made up of information taken in during the previous waking states. Significant
unresolved issues can cause a person to have recurring dreams. “Opinions vary on the issue of
categorical dream symbols (e.g., water signifying the spirit of life), but virtually all experts agree
that interpretation ultimately resides with the person who created the dream.” What a person
perceives a symbol to represent is usually more fitting to the dreamer than a precategorized
definition of a symbol (Seaward, 2009, p. 331-333).
Resources: Exercises:
Defining Your Support Group (Seaward, 2008, Exercise 16.1)
Everyone should have at least one good friend to confide in.
Hobbies and Outside Interests (Seaward, 2008, Exercise16.2)
Hobbies can help one relieve the stressors of daily life.
Tools: Journal Writing:
Friends in Need (Seaward, 2008, Exercise 16.4)
This journal exercise asks you to define what a friend is and how we may be and have good friends.
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Additional Information
Divine Primates: Hope for Our Stressed-Out Species
Earon Davis has a very great site for looking at stress we humans undergo and how we deal with it. As many try to integrate the various aspects of living and consciousness (body, mind, spirit, emotion and community) we struggle to find the long-term solutions to personal and community stress using the logic and understanding that we have accomplished in our journey from primate to intellectual beings.
Davis, E.S., (2010). Divine Primates: hope for our stressed-out species.
http://www.divineprimates.com/
Brian Luke Seaward
Check out the Brian Luke Seaward website to find out more about this amazing teacher. He
has written many books and teaches at many universities. This bestselling author, motivational
speaker, award winning film director, and workshop facilitator has a full calendar and may be
coming to a town near you to speak about stress. His books, Managing Stress: principles and
strategies for health and well-being and The Art of Peace and Relaxation are used alongside this
guide and can be found online and in major bookstores (Amazon.com, Barnes and Noble).
(2013). About Brian Luke Seaward, Ph.D. http://www.brianlukeseaward.com/about/.
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Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers
For a great list of books, articles, and courses by Robert Maurice Sapolsky, I recommend
Wikipedia. He is a neuroendocrinologist and the issues of stress and neuronal degeneration are the
focus of his research. Sapolsky spends time in Kenya each year studying a population of wild
baboons in order to identify the sources of stress in their environment and studying the relationship
between personality and patterns of stress-related disease in our primate cousins. He writes about
the cortisol levels effect on stress between the alpha class and the subordinates in Why Zebras Don’t
Get Ulcers (downloadable free at http://g2gfitness-mma-ccoach-sthqld.com/resources/Sapolsky
%20why%20Zebras%20don't%20get%20ulcers.pdf).
Wikipedia, (June 21, 2013). Robert Sapolsky. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Sapolsky
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ReferencesSapolsky, R.M., (1998). Why zebras don’t get ulcers: the acclaimed guide to stress, stress-related
diseases, and coping. St. Martin’s Griffin: NY.
Seaward, B.L., (2009).Managing Stress: principles and strategies for health and well-being. Jones
and Bartlett: MA.
Seaward, B.L. (2008). The Art of Peace and Relaxation Workbook. Jones and Bartlett: MA.
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