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K. Kitazawa T. Ishiguro (Eds.)
Advances in Superconductivity Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Superconductivity (ISS '88), August 28-31, 1988, Nagoya
IISTECI
With 938 Figures
Springer Japan KK
Prof. Dr. KOICHI KITAZAWA Department of Industrial Chemistry The University of Tokyo Tokyo, 113 Japan
Prof. Dr. T AKEHIKO ISHIGURO Department of Physics Kyoto University Kyoto, 606 Japan
ISBN 978-4-431-68086-4 ISBN 978-4-431-68084-0 (eBook) DOl 10.1007/978-4-431-68084-0
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting,. reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks.
© Springer Japan 1989 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Tokyo 1989 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1989
The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use .
Preface
These proceedings are a referred account of the First Intern~tional Symposium on Superconductivity (ISS '88) held on August 28 to 31 in Nagoya, Japan under the sponsorship of the International Superconductivity Technology Center (ISTEC). Approximately 43 invited papers and 111 contributed papers were presented at the meeting. Most of the invited papers include reviews, ranging from mechanisms of superconductivity, its history, developments of new materials, to prospects of its application. Up-to-date developments are mostly included in the poster presentation. However, time and space limitations prevented the Program Committee from having more invited and poster presentations. This volume contains 112 invited and contributed papers from Japanese industries and hence a good overview of their current activities.
The practical application of superconducting materials progressed forward at a rather slow pace until two years ago. The revolutionary breakthrough in the critical temperature of superconductivity brought about by Bednorz and Muller then not only stirred the studies on high temperature superconductors but also prompted practical usage of conventional metallic superconductors. Therefore, this symposium covered the possible fields in which the application of the metallic superconductors is expected as well as the developments in the basic studies on high temperature superconductors.
Standing at what may prove to be a turning point of scientific history, we are overwhelmed by the enthusiasm shown by the people who are pushing this history ahead and sparing some time to get together to discuss their latest findings.
It is impossible to summarize the current status of such fascinating fields in short phrases, but certain progress has been achieved, especially in the various processing methods of the materials and devices and in the resulting superconducting properties. In the meantime, the problems associated with the oxide superconductors (which are thought to be inherent in these materials) have been clarified to some degree. We hope that steady effort will someday solve these problems and open the bright future of superconducitivity.
Finally, we are grateful to Aichi Prefecture and Nagoya City for the financial support and to the symposium committees and the ISTEC office for their great devotion during the past several months.
KOICHI KITAZAWA
TAKEHIKO ISHIGURO
Organization of ISS '88
Sponsored by: International Superconductivity Technology Center (ISTEC)
Co-Sponsored by: Aichi Prefectural Government City of Nagoya Chubu Economic Federation Nagoya Chamber of Commerce and Industry The Chubu Industrial Advancement Center
Supported by: Ministry of International Trade and Industry Nagoya Bureau of International Trade and Industry Ceramic Society of Japan Japan Chemical Industry Association Japan Electronic Industry Development Association Japan Mining Industry Association Japan Fine Ceramics Association New Energy Development Organization Physical Society of Japan Research and Development Association for Future Electron Devices The Chemical Society of Japan The Cryogenic Society of Japan The Federation of Electric Power Companies The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan The Institute of Electronics Information and Communication Engine~rs, Japan The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan The Japan Electrical Manufacturers' Association The Japanese Electric Wire & Cable Makers' Association The Japan Institute of Metals The Japan Iron and Steel Federation The Japan Key Technology Center The Japan Society of Applied Physics
Organization Committee
Chairman:
VITI
GAISHI HIRAIWA, President, ISTEC (Vice Chairman, Keidanren)
Members: KAZUO FUEKI, Professor, Science University of Tokyo Kozo IiZUKA, Director General, AIST, MITI TETSURO KAWAKAMI, Deputy President, ISTEC
(President, Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.) KATSUSHIGE MITA, Deputy President, ISTEC (President, Hitachi, Ltd.) NAOKI KURODA, Director General, Nagoya Bureau of International Trade and
Industry, MITI YOSHIO MUTO, Professor, Tohoku University SADAO NAKAJIMA, Professor, Tokai University TAKEYOSHI NISHIO, Mayor, Nagoya City SHINROKU SAITO, Professor Emeritus, Tokyo Institute of Technology REIJI SUZUKI, Governor, Aichi Prefecture KOTARO TAKEDA, President, Nagoya Chamber of Commerce and Industry SEIICHI TANAKA, Chairman, Chubu Economic Federation
(Chairman, The Chubu Industrial Advancement Center) SHOJI TANAKA, Vice President, ISTEC (Professor, Tokai University) SAKAE YAMAMURA, Professor Emeritus, The University of Tokyo
International Advisory Committee
B. BATLOGG, AT & T Bell Laboratories M.R. BEASLEY, Stanford University H.K. BOWEN, MIT P. CHAUDHURI, IBM Watson Research Center C.W. CHU, Houston University V.J. EMERY, Brookhaven National Laboratory J.E. EVEns, University of Cambridge <P. FISHER, University of Geneva D.K. FiNNEMORE, AMES Laboratory F.Y. FRADIN, Argonne National Laboratory T.H. GEBALLE, Stanford University D. JEROME, Universite de Paris-Sud M.B. MAPLE, University of California K.A. MULLER, IBM Zurich H.R. On, ETH Zurich B. RAVEAU, Universite de Caen A.W. SLEIGHT, Du Pont M. SUENAGA, Brookhaven National Laboratory
Steering Committee
Chairman: SHOJI TANAKA, ISTEC
Members:
IX
KAZUO FUEKI, Science University of Tokyo HIDETOSHI FUKUYAMA, The University of Tokyo HISAO HA YAKAWA, Nagoya University TAKASHI HIRAYAMA, Tokyo Electric Power Company TOHRu INOUE, Nippon Steel Corporation TAKEHIKO ISHIGURO, Kyoto University SHOEI KATAOKA, Sharp Corporation KOICHI KITAZAWA, The University of Tokyo SHIGERU MAEKAWA, Electrotechnical Laboratories YOSHIO MUTO, Tohoku University HIROYASU OGIWARA, Toshiba Corporation DAIZABURO SHINODA, NEC Corporation YASUTSUGU TAKEDA, Hitachi, Ltd. TETSUYA UCHINO, Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.
Program and Editorial Committee
Chairman: KOICHI KITAZAWA, The University of Tokyo
Subchairman: TAKEHIKO ISHIGURO, Kyoto University
Members: JUNJI FUJIE, Railway Technical Research Institute HIDETOSHI FUKUYAMA, The University of Tokyo YASUO HASHIMOTO, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation SHINYA HASUO, Fujitsu Laboratories, Ltd. HISAO HAYAKAWA, Nagoya University OSAMU HORIGAMI, Toshiba Corporation KEIZO ISHIKAWA, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Yuzo KATAYAMA, NTT Corporation USHIO KAWABE, Hitachi, Ltd. YOICHI KIMURA, Electrotechnical Laboratory TAKESHI KOBAYASHI, Osaka University OSAMU KOHNO, Fujikura, Ltd. SADAMICHI MAEKAWA, Nagoya University EISUKE MASADA, The University of Tokyo SHINPEI MATSUDA, Hitachi, Ltd. MASATO MURAKAMI, Nippon Steel Corporation YOSHIO MUTO, Tohoku University KOSHICHI NOTo, Tohoku University SETSUO TAKEzAwA, Japan Foundation for Shipbuilding Advancement YASUZO TANAKA, The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. JAW-SHEN TSAI, NEC Corporation SHINICHI UCHIDA, The University of Tokyo TOKuo WAKIYAMA, Tohoku University KIYOTAKA WASA, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. ATSUSHI YAMAGUCHI, The Kansai Electric Power Co., Ltd. SHUJI YAZU, Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
x
General Affairs Committee
Chairman: HISAO HAYAKAWA, Nagoya University
Members: YOSHIO FURUTO, The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. YASUO HASHIMOTO, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation KAORU INAGAKI, Nagoya City HIROO KINOSHITA, Toyota Motor Corporation KANJI OHYA, NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. HIDEAKI OKINO, Nagoya Bureau of International Trade and Industry, MITI SAKAE TANEMURA, Government Industrial Research Institute, Nagoya KAZUHIKO YAMADA, Aichi Prefecture HIROSHI YOSHIDA, Chubu Electric Power Co., Ltd. SHIZUKA YOSHII, Ube Industries, Ltd.
Contents
1 History of Superconductivity
* A History of Superconductivity M.R. BEASLEY. With 21 Figures
2 Prospects for Application of Superconductivity
* Application to Electric Power System T. MITSUI. With 12 Figures ........ .
Applicability of Superconductivity in the Electric Power System: A Canadian Perspective
3
19
F.Y. CHU, R. ROBERGE ........................... 25
* Superconductive Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) for Electric Utilities J.M. PFOTENHAUER, R.W. BOOM. With 4 Figures .......... 33
* Current Situation of R&D on Superconductive Power Application Technologies Carried out by Engineering Research Association for Superconductive Generation Equipment and Materials K. UYEDA .................................. 39
* Development of Superconducting Magnet for Fusion Power S. SHIMAMOTO. With 7 Figures ................ .
* R&D Superconductive Electro-Magnetic Propulsion Ship S. TAKEZAWA. With 2 Figures ................. .
* Superconducting Magnets for Magnetic Resonance Imaging T. YAMADA, S. YAMAMOTO, T. MATSUDA, M. MORITA, M. TAKECHI, Y. SHIMADA. With 8 Figures
* Application of Superconductivity to transportation: Magnetically Levitated Train H. TANAKA. With 9 Figures
Potential Benefits of Superconductivity to Transportation in the United States D.M. ROTE, L.R. JOHNSON. With 4 Figures .......... .
* Superconducting Magnet for Magnetically Levitated Vehicle
43
51
55
59
65
M. YAMAJI, H. NAKASHIMA. With 5 Figures .............. 71
* Prospects for Superconducting Electronics Y. TAKEDA. With 6 Figures ........................... 77
XII
"Josephson Digital and Analog Devices with Niobium Junctions S. HASl:O. With R Figures ........................ Rl
* A Superconducting IC Technology Based on Refractory Josephson Tunnel Junctions S. TAKADA. With 9 Figures ......................... R7
Josephson Parametric Amplifiers: Low Noise at 9GHz H.K. OLSSON, T. CLAESON. With 6 Figures ..... .
Losses in AC Supcrconducting Coils H. KASAHARA, S. AKITA, T. ISHIKAWA, T. TANAKA. With 7 Figures ......... ............... .
3 Organic Superconductors
* Chemical and Physical Properties of Organic Superconductor K-(BEDT-TTFhCu(NCSh G. SAITO, H. URAYAMA, H. YAMOCHI, K. OSHIMA. With 12 Figures ....................... .
Organic Metals and Superconductors Based on BEDT-TTF H. URAYAMA, H. YAMOCHI, G. SAITO, K. OSHIMA. With I () Figures ............................. .
4 Oxide Superconductors
4.1 Mechanisms of Superconductivity
*The Spin Bag Mechanism of High Temperature Superconductivity
93
99
107
113
J.R. SCHRIEFFER, X.-G. WEN, S.-c. ZHANG. With 1 Figure 123
* Electronic States in Oxide Superconductors S. MAEKAWA .................... . 127
" Are Metal-Oxide Superconductors Charged Bosonic Superfluids? L.J. DE JONGH. With 5 Figures ...................... 133
4.2 Crystal Chemistry and Electronic Structure
* Structure-Property Relations in High-Temperature Oxide Superconductors: Nature of Oxygen and Copper C.N.R. RAO. With 5 Figures .................. .
* Crystal Chemistry of Superconductive Bismuth and Thallium Cuprates
145
B. RAVEAU, C. MICHEL, M. HERVIEU. With 7 Figures ....... 151
* Crystal Chemistry of the Copper Oxide Based High Temperature Superconductors R.J. CAVA. With 3 Figures ............................ 159
The Important Role of High Oxidation States in Cuprate Superconductors S.X. Dou, H.K. LIu, J.P. ZHOU, A.J. BOURDILLON, c.c. SORRELL. With 5 Figures .......................... 165
XIII
XANES Study of Copper Valence and Structure in High Tc Superconducting Oxides K.B. GARG, K.V.R. RAO, N.L. SAINI, D.C. JAIN, H.S. CHAUHAN, U. CHANDRA, J. SINGH. With 7 Figures .............. 169
Photoemission Study of Single Crystal BizSr2CaCU20g T. TAKAHASHI, H. MATSUYAMA, H. KATAYAMA-YOSHIDA, Y. OKABE, S. HOSOYA, K. SEKI, H. FUJIMOTO, M. SATO. H. INOKUCHI. With 8 Figures ..................... 175
X-Ray Photoel~ctron Spectra of La,+xBa2_xCU30y(X=O.2. 0.3, 0.4. 0.5) A. SAITO, S. YAHAGI, S. YAMAGUCHI, H. HAYAKAWA, Y. IGUCHI. With 8 Figures .................................. 181
X-Ray Photoemission Study of High-Tc Superconducting Thin Film T. MACHI, A. TANAKA, N. KAMEHARA, K. NIWA. With 5 Figures 187
Electronic and Structural Properties of Ba2 Y '-xPr xCU307-b
A. MATSUDA. K. KINOSHITA. T. ISHII. H. SHIBATA. T. WATANABE. T. YAMADA. With 12 Figures ....................... 191
New Experimental Results Concerning the Difference Between Various Tcs of LnBa2CU,Oy (Ln=Lanthanide) T. IWATA, M. HIKITA, S. TSURUMI. With 6 Figures ....... 197
Raman Study of High-Tc Superconductor Bi(1.7Pbo3SrCaCuU;Oy T. SUZUKI. K. HOTTA. Y. KOIKE, H. HIROSE. With 5 Figures 203
Luminescence Study of New High Tc Oxide Superconductors Y. FUJIWARA. M. TONOUCHI. T. KOBAYASHI. With 7 Figures 209
Consideration of Interaction Between Carriers and Magnetic Rare-Earth Ions in R,Ba2Cu30y (R=Rare-Earth Ions) Based on ESR and Resistivity Studies K. SUGAWARA. With 4 Figures ......................... 215
The Effect of the Addition of S, Se and Te in Ba-Y -Cu-O on Its Superconductive Properties S. KAMBE, M. KAWAI. With 3 Figures
4.3 Phase Diagram and Crystal Growth
Phase Diagram and Crystal Growth of RBa2Cu307-v System K. OKA, M. SAITO, M. ITO, K. NAKANE, H. UNOK·1.
219
With 3 Figures .............................. 225
Superconductivity on Single Crystals of TI-Ca-Ba-Cu-O System H. TAKEI, T. KOTANI, T. KANEKO, K. TADA. With 3 Figures 229
Single-Crystal Growth of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu Oxides and Its Superconductivity S. NOMURA, T. YAMASHITA, H. YOSHINO, K. ANDO. With 8 Figures .................................... 233
4.4 Processing and Microstructure
* Progress in Processings of Oxide Superconductor Y. TANAKA. With 9 Figures ............... . 241
XIV
* Microstructure and Transport Properties of Oxide Superconductors M. MURAKAMI, S. MATSUDA, K. SAWANO, K. MIYAMOTO, A. HAYASHI, M. MORITA, K. 001, H. TESHIMA, M. SUGIYAMA, M. KIMURA, M. FUJINAMI, M. SAGA, M. MATSUO, H. HAMADA. With 9 Figures
Completely Textured Yttrium Barium Cup rate Superconductors D.N. MATIHEWS, A. BAILEY, S. TOWN, G. ALVAREZ, G.J. RUSSELL, K.N.R. TAYLOR, F. SCOTI, M. McGIRR, D.J.H. CORDEROY.
247
With 7 Figures .................................. 253
Densification and Critical Current Density of YBa2Cu30x Ceramics S. KOBAYASHI, T. KANDORI, Y. SAITO, S. WADA. With 6 Figures 259
Processing of Dense, Fine Grained YBa2Cu30x Ceramics Using a Spray-Drying Technique N. NAKAMURA, M. ISHIDA, Y. KOSEKI, and M. SHIMOTOMAI. With 3 Figures .................................... 265
Effect of Cu and Sources on Powder Processing and Densification of Superconducting YBa2Cu30x Ceramic H.C. LING. With 6. Figures ............................ 269
YBa2Cu307-b Superconductor-Insulator Composites - The Percolation Limit and Device Potential K.N.R. TAYLOR, D.N. MATIHEWS, G.J. RUSSELL, M. SHEPHERD, G. ALVAREZ, K. SEALEY. With 8 Figures .................. 275
High-Tc Ceramic Superconductors Through Oxidation of Mechanically AIIoyed Y-Ba-Cu and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu Powders S. MURASAKI, S. TANIGUCHI, U. MIZUTANI, M. SUGANUMA, Y. YAMADA. With 5 Figures ........................... 281
Densification Behavior of YBa2Cu307-b Sintering H. SAKAI, M. YOSHIDA, K. MATSUHIRO. With 6 Figures
Preparation and Superconducting Properties of Y-Ba-Cu and Y-Ba-Cu-F Oxides
287
I. NAKAGAWA, K. YASUDA, H. MATSUI, S. ITO. With 10 Figures 293
4.5 Tapes and Thick Films
Preparation of High Tc Superconductive Thin Tape from Acid Salts T. NAKAMOTO, M. FUKUSHIMA, H. KOBAYASHI, T. SHIONO, E. HOSOKAWA, H. NASU, T. IMURA, Y. OSAKA. With 5 Figures .................................... 301
Superconducting Properties of Y-Ba-Cu-O Sheet by a Tape Casting Method S. YAMANA, H. KUWAJIMA, T. ASHIZAWA, S. SHIMODA, K. SUMIYA, T. KOSUGI, T. KAMO. With 8 Figures ............. 305
Critical Current Densities of Silver Sheathed TI-Ba-Ca-Cu Oxide Superconducting Tapes M. SEIDO, F. HOSONO, Y. ISHIGAMI, T. KAMO, K. AIHARA, S. MATSUDA. With 5 Figures ........................... 309
xv
Fabrication and Properties of Superconducting Ba-Y -Cu-O and Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O Tapes T. MATSUBARA, Y. YAMADA, J. KASE, N. IRISAWA, J. SHIMOYAMA, M. MITSUHASHI, M. SASAKI, H. ABE, T. MORIMOTO. With 7 Figures .................................. 313
Multi-Layered Superconducting YBa2Cu}Oy Thick Films on Y 2BaCuO~ Substrate K. YOSHIARA, K. KAGATA, T. HIROKI, K. NAKAHIGASHI. With 5 Figures ............................ .
Preparation of Superconducting Printed Thick Films of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O and Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Systems
319
K. HOSHINO, H. TAKAHARA, M. FUKUTOMI. With 9 Figures 325
Formation of Y-Ba-Cu-O Superconducting Films from Chloroform-Formalin Solution of Acetyl Aceton Complexes N. NISHIYAMA, J. FUJIOKA, O. MURATA, K. NISHIO, H. TABATA, T. YOSHIHARA. With 6 Figures ........................ 331
Fabrication of High Tc Superconducting Films by Spray Pyrolysis H. NOBUMASA, K. SHIMIZU, T. ARIMA, K. MATSUMURA, Y. KITANO, T. KAWAI. With 7 Figures ........................ 335
Preparation of Superconducting Thick Films of Y-Ba-Cu-O by Gas Deposition of Ultrafine Powder K. HATANAKA, M. KAITOU, M. UMEHARA, S. KASHU, C. HAYASHI. With 6 Figures .................................... 341
4.6 Wires and Coils
* Stabilization of a Superconducting Magnet Wound by a High Tc Oxide Conductor H. MAEDA ............................... 349
Preparation of High Tc Oxide Superconducting Filaments by Suspension Spinning Method T. GOTO, H. INAJI, K. TAKEUCHI, K. YAMADA. With 5 Figures 353
* Superconducting Wire of High Tc Oxide by Diffusion Process O. KOHNO, Y. lKENO, N. SADAKATA, A. KUME. With 10 Figures 359
Microstructures and Superconducting Properties of Y-Ba-Cu Oxide Coils Prepared by the Explosive Compaction Technique S. HAGINO, M. SUZUKI, T. TAKESHITA, K. TAKASHIMA, H. TONDA. With 11 Figures .................................... 365
Fabrication and Characterization of Ceramic Superconducting Composite Wire M.R. NOTIs, M.-S. OH, B. AVITZUR, a.-F. LIU, H. JAIN. With 4 Figures .............................. 371
Development of High Tc Superconducting Wire by Powder Method M. NAGATA, K. OHMATSU, H. MUKAI, T. HIKATA, Y. HOSODA, N. SHIBUTA, K. SATO, H. HITOTSUYANAGI, M. KAWASHIMA. With 5 Figures ................................... 377
XVI
4.7 Coherence Length, Magnetic Properties, and Critical Current
"Properties of High Tc Short Coherence Length Superconductors G. DEUTSCHER .................................... 383
* Free Energy Surfaces in the Superconducting Mixed State O.K. FINNEMORE. M.M. FANG. N.P. BANSAL. D.E. FARRELL. With 4 Figures .................................. 389
History Dependence of Weakly Coupled Intergrain Currents in a Sintered Oxide Superconductor T. MATSUSHITA. B. NI. K. YAMAFUJI. K. WATANABE. K. NOTO, H. MORITA, H. FUJIMORI, Y. MUTO. With 7 Figures ................................. 393
Trapped Magnetic Flux in YBa2CU307-i> Superconductors D.N. MATTHEWS, G.J. RUSSELL, K.N.R. TAYLOR, B. PURCZUK. With 3 Figures .............................. 399
Ceramic Problems/Challenges in High Temperature Oxide Superconductors; Hysteretic Force Measurements As a New Analysis Tool P.E.D. MORGAN, J.J. RATTO, R.M. HOUSLEY, J.R. PORTER, D.B. MARSHALL, R.E. DE WAMES. With 10 Figures ........ 405
Magnetization of Various Bulk Oxide Superconductors S. YOKOYAMA, M. MORITA, T. YAMADA, H. HIGUMA. With 6 Figures ............................ 411
Preliminary Results of Tc and Jc Measurements on YBa2Cu30, Y. KIMURA, N. HIGUCHI, S. MEGURO, K. TAKAHASHI, K. UYEDA, T. ISHIHARA, E. INUKAI, M. UMEDA ....... 417
A Deterioration Mechanism on Critical Current Densities of High Temperature Superconductors K. IMAI, H. MATSUBA. With 7 Figures ............ .
Effect of Chemical Non-Stoichiometry on Critical Current Density of Oxide Superconductors K. 001, M. MURAKAMI, S. MATSUDA, A. TAKAYAMA.
421
With 8 Figures .................................... 427
Temperature and Magnetic Field Dependence of the Critical Current in Polycrystalline Ba2 YCU30y H. OBARA. H. YAMASAKI. Y. KIMURA. Y. HIGASHIDA. T. ISHIHARA. With 4 Figures ........................... 433
Critical Current Density of Y -Ba-Cu-O Ceramics Prepared by the Coprecipitation Method and Their Application to Superconducting Devices T. IKEMACHI, M. TAKAI, T. IENAGA, T. YOKOO. Y. YOSHISATO. S. NAKANO. Y. KUWANO. With 6 Figures ............... 439
Magnetization and Critical Current of Yb,Ba2Cu307_x Samples Prepared by the Plasma-ARC Melting and Rapid Quenching Method Y. YOSHISATO. T. YOKOO. M. KAMINO. H. SUZUKI. S. NAKANO. Y. KAWANO. With 8 Figures .......................... 445
Critical Current Density Obtained from Particle Size Dependence of Magnetization in Y,Ba2CU,07_i> Powders E. SHIMIZU. D. ITO. With 8 Figures .................... 451
XVII
4.8 Irradiation Effect
In-Situ Ohservation of Buhhles in Superconductor YBa2Cul07-() Materials During He Ion Irradiation in an Electron Microscope S. FURUNO, K. HoJOu, H. MAETA, H. OTSU, M. WATANABE. With 4 Figures .................................. 459
Effects of Localisation in A tomic-Disordered High-Tc Superconductors S.A. DAVYDOV, B.N. GOSHCHITSKII, A.E. KARKIN, A.V. MIRMELSHTEIN, V.1. VORONIN, M.V. SADOVSKII, V.L. KOZHEVNIKOV, S.V. VERKHOVSKII, S.M. CHESHNITSKII. With 5 Figures ................................. 463
Electron Irradiation Effects on Y I Ba2Cu30y Superconductors M. WATANABE, T. KATO, H. NARAMOTO, H. MAETA, K. SHIRAISHI, Y. KAZUMATA, A. IWASE, T. IWATA. With 6 Figures ...... " 469
4.9 Thin Film Processing and Properties: Part 1
* The Preparation, Processing and Properties of Thin and Thick Films for Microelectronic Applications B.G. BAGLEY, L.H. GREENE, P. BARBOUX, 1.M. TARASCON, T. VENKATESAN, E.W. CHASE, SIU-WAI CHAN, W.L. FELDMANN, B.l. WILKINS, S.A. KHAN, M. GIROUD. With 9 Figures ....... 477
* Basic Thin Film Processing for Rare-Earth-Free High-Tc Superconductors K. WASA, H. ADACHI, Y. ICHIKAWA, K. HIROCHI, K. SETSUNE. With 3 Figures ................................. 483
High-Tc Superconductor Prepared hy Chemical Vapor Deposition K. SHINOHARA, F. MUNAKATA, M. YAMANAKA. With 5 Figures 489
CVD of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Thin Films T. KIMURA, M. IHARA, H. YAMAWAKI, K. IKEDA, M. OZEKI. With 5 Figures .................................. 495
MO-CVD of HTcS CI.M.A. SPEE, A. MACKOR, P.P.l. RAMAEKERS. With 7 Figures 499
High-Tc Superconducting Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O Thin Films Prepared by Metalorganic Deposition (MOD) K. SAKAI, Y. KAN, T. TAKESHITA. With 3 Figures ........ 505
Preparation of Superconducting YBa2CU30y Films by Thermal Decomposition Technique Using Organometallic Precursors Y. YAMADA, T. MATSUBARA, T. MORIMOTO. With 5 Figures 511
Preparation of 107K Superconducting Thin Film in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O System hy Coevaporation T. YOSHITAKE, T. SATOH, Y. KUBO, H. IGARASHI. With 6 Figures
Superconducting Thin Films of YbBa2Cu307 and ErBa2Cu307 Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy: Determination of Epitaxial Conditions R. CABANEL, 1.P. HIRTZ, G. GARRY, F. HOSSEINI TEHERANI,
517
G. CREUZET. With 4 Figures ......................... 523
XVIlI
Ln-Ba-Cu-O Thin Film Deposited by Ion Beam Sputtering T. YOTSUYA, Y. SUZUKI, S. OGAWA, H. KUWAHARA, T. TAJIMA, K. OTANI, J. YAMAMOTO. With 4 Figures ............ 527
Preparation and Characterization of High Tc Superconductive Thin Film K. MAEDA, N. SAKAMOTO, Y. NAMIKI, Y. AOKI, T. SHIONO, H. YAMAMOTO, M. TANAKA. With 4 Figures .......... 533
Epitaxial Y-Ba-Cu-O Films on Si with Intermediate Layer by RF Magnetron Sputtering S. MIURA, H. TSUGE, T. YOSHITAKE, S. MATSUBARA, T. SATOH, Y. MIYASAKA, N. SHOHATA. With 6 Figures ............ 539
Preparation and Properties of the Y-Ba-Cu-O Thin Films M. MUROI, T. MATSUI, Y. KOINUMA, K. TSUDA, M. NAGANO, K. MUKAE. With 9 Figures ........................ 545
Properties of Superconducting Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Thin Films Prepared by Controlling Sputtering Conditions and Annealing Atmospheres K. OHBAYASHI, T. USHIDA, T. TSUNOOKA, K. OHYA, H. BANNO. With 3 Figures
High Tc Superconductor YBa2Cu307-x Thin Films Obtained by RF Magnetron Sputtering Yu.V. GULIAEV, I.M. KOTELIANSKII, V.B. KRAVCHENKO, V.A. LUZANOV, A.T. SOBOLEV. With 2 Figures ....... .
4.10 Thin Film Processing and Properties: Part 2
* Some Properties of High-Tc Oxide Superconducting Thin Films
551
557
S. YAZU. With 12 Figures ........................... 563
Microstructural Development in Ion Beam Deposited Superconducting YBa2Cu307-x and Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O Thin Films A.B. HARKER, 1.F. DENATALE, P.H. KOBRIN, I.S. GERGIS. With 5 Figures .................................. 571
Transport Properties of High Tc Y-Ba-Cu-O Thin Films Made by RF Magnetron Sputtering J.-c. CHANG, S. SE~, A. SAYAMA, M. MATSUI, K. YAMAMOTO, N. HARADA. With 12 Figures .................... 575
The Stress-Strain Relationship for Multilayers of the High Tc Superconducting Oxides H. HIDAKA, H. YAMAMURA. With 9 Figures
Effects of Heat Treatment on Crystalline Quality of Er-Ba-Cu-O Thin Films K. TAKAGI, T. ISHIBA, T. AIDA, T. FUKAZAWA, K. MIYAUCHI. With 5 Figures
Microstructures and Superconductivities of LnBa2Cu307-x Thin Films T. AIDA, T. FUKAZAWA, A. TSUKAMOTO, K. TAKAGI, T. SHIMOTSU,
581
587
T. ICHIGUCHI. With 8 Figures ........................ 593
Properties of High Jc BiSrCaCuO Thin Film H. ITOZAKI, K. HIGAKI, K. HARADA, S. TANAKA, N. FUJIMORI, S. YAZU. With 9 Figures ............................ 599
XIX
Characteristics of Rare-Earth-Free Superconducting Thin Films M. NEMOTO, H. KUWAHARA, K. KAWAGUCHI, Y. MATSUTA, M. NAKAO. With 6 Figures .................... 605
Preparation and Electrical Properties of 107K-BiSrCaCuO Superconducting Thin Films M. MUKAIDA, K. KURODA, Y. TAZOH, S. MIYAZAWA. With 7 Figures .................................. 609
Characteristics in the Growth of the YBa2Cu30x and YBaSrCu30x Crystalline Films M. YOSHIDA. With 7 Figures ......................... 615
Preparation and Characterization of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Thin Films by Ion Beam Sputtering K. YOSHIMURA, H. KUWAHARA, S. TANEMURA. With 5 Figures 621
Observations of Y-Ba-Cu-O Films by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Auger Electron Spectroscopy K. ISHIYAMA, Y. KAGEYAMA, Y. TAGA. With 3 Figures ........ 627
4.11 Chemical Reactions and Superconductor/Substrate Interaction
Comparison of the Stability of Bi2Sr2CaCu20s+y with YBa2Cu306. S+y in Various Solutions H.K. LIu, S.X. Dou, A.J. BOURDILLON, c.c. SORRELL. With 3 Figures .................................... 635
Formation of Crystallized Buffer Layer for High-Tc Superconducting Thin Film J. SHINOHARA, Y. IKEGAMI, T. KAWAMOTO. With 8 Figures 641
High Tc Y-Ba-Cu-O Superconducting Thick Films Fabrication and Film/Substrate Interactions Y.-H. Hu, c.L. BOOTH. With 4 Figures ................... 647
Substrate-HTcS Interaction Studies by (S)TEM P.P.J. RAMAEKERS, D. KLEPPER. With 1 Figure
Electrochemical Modification of Superconductive Oxides W.K. JONES. With 4 Figures ................. .
4.12 Devices and Applications
* Applications of Oxide-Superconductors to Electronic Devices; Optical Detector
651
657
H. IWASAKI. With 9 Figures ........................ 663
* The Possibility of Superconducting Transistor and Squid with High-Tc Oxide Superconductors U. KAWABE ...................................... 669
* Magnetic Properties of High Temperature Superconductors: Implications for lIf Noise in Squids R.H. KOCH, A.P. MALOZEMOFF .................. 675
* Liquid Nitrogen Temperature DC SQUID's Using Single-TargetSputtered Films W.J. GALLAGHER, R.H. KOCH, R.L. SANDSTROM, R.B. LAIBOWITZ, A.W. KLEINSASSER, B. BUMBALE, M.F. CHISHOLM. With 7 Figures 679
xx
"Prospects for Electronic Applications of Rare-Earth-Free Superconducting Thin Films M. NAKAO. With 2 Figures ....................... 685
Current Limiting Function of Y -Ba-Cu-O Superconducting Ceramics H. OKUMA. M. OKAMOTO. K. OKUWADA. T. FUJIOKA. K. HIGASHIBATA. H. SUZUKI. With 8 Figures ............. 691
Fundamental Properties of a New Superconducting Motor A. TAKEOKA, A. ISHIKAWA, M. SUZUKI, Y. KISHI, Y. KUWANO. With 12 Figures ................................. 695
High-Tc Superconductor Lenses and Guides for Intense Charged Particle Beams H. MATSUZAWA, O. OHMORI. H. YAMAZAKI. J. UENO. A. FURUMIZU, A. SAITO, T. TAKAHASHI, T. AKITSU. With 6 Figures ............................. 701
Anisotropy and Hysteresis Behavior of Galvanomagnetic Effect in Super Magneto-Resistor H. NOJlMA, S. KATAOKA, M. NAGATA, S. TSUCHIMOTO. N. HASHIZUME. With 5 Figures ......................... 707
Some Magnetic Applications of High-Tc Superconductors: Foils. Ductile Materials, Filaments and Magnets J. GYORGY. J. MATRAI. I. KIRSHNER. G. SZENTGYORGYI. T. PORJESZ, M. LAMM, I. MOLNAR, R. LAIHO, Gy. KOVACS. T. TRAGER, P. LUKACS, T. KARMAN, I. P-GYORGY. M. TAKACS, G. ZSOLT. With 8 Figures ........................... 713
* The Potential Utilization of High Temperature Superconductivity G.O. ZIMMERMAN. With 10 Figures ................ 719
* Development of Superconducting Materials and Impacts on the Social Economy T. NAKAHARA. With 9 Figures ................. .
4.13 Tunneling and Tunneling Junction
Electron Tunneling into Superconducting Bismuth-Copper Oxide Systems
725
T. EKINO, J. AKIMITSU. With 5 Figures ............ 733
* Energy Gap Measurement Made on "Clean" and Oriented YBa2Cu307-b Surfaces J.-S. TSAI, I. TAKEUCHI. J. FUJITA, T. YOSHITAKE, T. SATO, S. TANAKA. T. TERASHIMA. Y. BANDO. K. IIJIMA. K. YAMAMOTO. With 8 Figures .................................. 737
AC-DC Conversion Effect in Ceramic Superconductor S. IKEGAWA. T. HONDA. H. IKEDA. A. MAEDA. H. TAKAGI. S. UCHIDA, K. UCHINOKURA, S. TANAKA. With 11 Figures 743
Structural Parameter Dependence of the Quantum Behavior of Small Superconductor Junctions M. SUGAHARA, N. YOSHIKAWA. With 4 Figures ....... .
An Observation of Quasi-Particle Tunneling Characteristics in All Y-Ba-Cu-O Thin Film Tunnel Junction T. SHIOTA, K. TAKECHI, Y. TAKAI, H. HAYAKAWA. With 4 Figures ......... ................ .
749
755
XXI
4.14 Bi- and TI-Based Cuprate Superconductors
"TI-Based Cu-O High Temperature Superconductors A.M. HERMANN, Z.Z. SHENG. With 13 Figures
"Synthesis and Structure-Property Relationships of TI and Bi Containing Copper-Oxide Superconductors M.A. SUBRAMANIAN, 1. GOPALAKRISHNAN, e.e. TORARDI, 1.e. CALABRESE, K.l. MORRISSEY, 1. PARISE, P.L. GAl, A.W. SLEIGHT. With 4 Figures
Structural Study ofTI2Ba2Can-ICun04+2n (n=l, 2 and 3) by PowderX-Ray Diffraction Y. SHIMAKAWA, T. KUBO, T. MANAKO, Y. NAKABAYASHI,
763
773
H. IGARASHI. With 4 Figures ........................ 781
Crystal Structure of Sr-Ca-Cu-O: A Comparison Between That of Sr-Ca-Cu-O and of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O A. KUNISHIGE, H. YOSHIKAWA, T. ANNO, I. FUJII, H. DAIMON, S. YOSHII. With 8 Figures ......................... 787
"New TI-Ba-Ca-Cu-O (1234, 1245 and 2234) Superconductors with Very High Tc H. IHARA, R. SUGISE, T. SHIMOMURA, M. HIRABAY ASHI, N. TERADA, M. 10, K. HAYASHI, M. TOKUMOTO, K. MURATA, S. OHASHI. With 15 Figures ........................... 793
*The Formation of High-Tc Superconducting Phases with Four Cu-O Layers in TI-Ca-Ba-Cu-O Systems P.T. Wu, R.S. Lru, 1.M. LIANG, L.l. CHEN. With 4 Figures ...... 799
Superconductivity of TI-Sr-Ca-Cu-O System in Relation to TI-Ba-Ca-Cu-O and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Systems S. MATSUDA, S. TAKEUCHI, A. SOETA, T. SUZUKI, K.AIHARA, T. KAMO. With 6 Figures ......................... 803
Effect of Starting Materials and Heat Treatments on Tl- Based High-Tc Superconductors I. KIRSCHNER, I. HALASZ, Gy. KOVACS, T. TRAGER, T. PORJESZ, G. ZSOLT, 1. MATRAI, T. KARMAN. With 3 Figures .......... 807
Processing, Characterisation and Properties of the Superconducting TI-Ba-Ca-Cu-O System S.X. Dou, H.K. LIu, A.l. BOURDILLON, N.X. TAN, N. SAVVIDES, e. ANDRIKIDIS, R.B. ROBERTS, e.e. SORRELL. With 5 Figures .... 813
Substitution Effect of Y for Ca in TI-Ba-Ca-Cu-O System T. MANAKO, Y. SHIMAKAWA, Y. KUBO, T. SATOH, H. IGARASHI. With 5 Figures .................................. 819
4.15 110K Phase ofBi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Fabrication and Microstructure
* Preparation and Properties of Pb-Doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconductors H. MAEDA, H. KUMAKURA, T. ASANO, H. SEKINE, D.R. DIETDERICH, S. IKEDA, K. TOGANO, Y. TANAKA. With 7 Figures ................................ 827
Formation of the High Tc Phase of Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconductors S. KOYAMA, U. ENDO, T. KAWAI. With 5 Figures ............. 833
XXII
Synthetic Conditions and Structural Properties of the High-Tc Phase in the Superconducting Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-(Pb )-0 System M. MIZUNO, H. ENDO, J. TSUCHIYA, N. KI1IMA, A. SUMIYAMA, Y. OGURl. With 10 Figures ........................... .
Pb Substituted Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconductor Y. YAMADA, S. MURASE, M. KOIZUMI, M. TANAKA, O. ITO, S. TAKENO, I. SUZUKI, S. NAKAMURA. With 10 Figures .....
Microstructure and Superconducting Properties of BiSrCaCuO Compound A. HAYASHI, M. MURAKAMI, M. MORITA, H. TESHIMA, K. 001, K. SAWANO, M. SUGIYAMA, H. HAMADA, S. MATSUDA. With 9 Figures ................................. .
Effect of Ambient Gas on Preparing Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconductor A. FUKIZAWA, Y. SAKURAI, A. OHTOMO. With 7 Figures ..... .
Crystalline Structures and Superconducting Properties of Rapidly Quenched BiSrCaCu20x Ceramics T. KANAI, T. KUMAGAI, A. SOETA, T. SUZUKI, K. AIHARA, T. KAMO, S. MATSUDA. With 7 Figures ........ .
Properties of Pb-Stabilized Bi-Oxide Superconductors N. MURAYAMA, E. SUDO, Y. TOR". With 11 Figures
Preparation of High-Tc Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O and TI-Ba-Ca-Cu-O Superconductors T. USUI, N. SADAKATA, Y. IKENO, O. KOHNO, H. OSANAI.
839
845
851
857
863
867
With 4 Figures ................................ 873
Effects of Additional Elements (M = In, AI, Ga) on Superconductivity of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O System K. SHIBUTANI, T. MIYATAKE, R. OGAWA. With 4 Figures ...... 879
Optimization of Sintering and Metallurgical Studies on the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconductors K. NUMATA, K. MORI, H. YAMAMOTO, H. SEKINE, K. INOUE, H. MAEDA. With 9 Figures ............................ 885
Structural Investigation of High Tc Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O M. MATSUI, H. ITOH, J. LIu, T. SHIMIZU, H. MATSUOKA, K. OHMORI, M. DOYAMA. With 9 Figures .......... .
Microstructure and Critical Current Property in Pb-Doped BiSrCaCuO Bulk Superconductors T. ASANO, Y. TANAKA, M. FUKUTOMI, K. JIKIHARA, J. MACHIDA,
891
H. MAEDA. With 5 Figures ............................ 897
5 Research Policy and Technology Trends
* Policy and Technology Trends: The Organisation of High Tc Superconductor Research in the UK M. WOOD ............................... . 905
xxm
Closing Remarks
* Summary S. NAKAJIMA 911
Author Index 913
Subject Index 917
* invited paper