˜k k ‰˙¡ dg g ¡s - تعريف مباشر ... · n 0v n; n h ,7mv # lntvnpnn (vp r c[...
TRANSCRIPT
fghm
G vEv$vJ v!v-hUv!6v/G v!v-hOv!
6v%bv!v/QOv.dG v!v-hbv!v/
B -hCUE.1-h#)G+9Ji1,JGg,C#6.1cJ:
kvvv(f6
z#vvv&OvvvPvvv7G vvvSvvv1vvvIbvvv2vvvJG vvvcvvvM0vvvM1vvv)1vvv.RG vvvHvvv1vvvL0vvv7y8vv9vvSvvLakvv2Ebvv.OI[vv2vv.bvv71vvcvvZkvv9vv.hiOvv$vv.Dvv7G vvSvv1vvIYhP vvvv vvvSvvvJIDvvv.>vvv7G vvv(6vvv.S#vvv)G vvvcvvv.#6vvv7hG vvvHvvv.Uvvv7E vvv1vvv,vvv.,hG
6vv9vv28vv9vvcvv!vvs1vv. vvV
8vv1vv.ehkvvYvv!vv-h1vvcvvZCDvvuvv.#vv-G vv9vv2qvvJ
8vHvlv/bv!v/1vcvZG vVv.Fv$v1v)CDv2v2v(v.Ebv.OI&vSvL+v.1vcv(v.Gf:z;0;.fO&G/
kk2G V
81.ey.
hqvJ8v%Gqv9v2v.Ov,v.#v)#v?v$v.Ykv9v.hiOv$v.Dv7G vS6v1vI
YG vvvv?vvvvMAG vvvvHvvvv.#vvvvQbvvvvSvvvvL,hCbvvvv1vvvvJ8vvvvL8vvvv1vvvv3Uvvvv1vvvv.evvvv9vvvv,vvvv.h8v(vPv1vrv,v.,&vPv#dG v!
qv-Cf0vYv.bvmG$>vLhG v$v<v.1v7 vPv$v.Dv7
Rvv1vvHvv(vv.,hCf0vv?vvcvv"+vvKgG vvlvv9vv.hi#vv)G vvcvv!vv%G vv(vv.kvvdG vvKj0?Ljb!1-C>Lgk2q2Lg.
ˆ‚�ˆx3
hCf0vvv?vvvcvvv!vvv(vvv.hG vvv$vvvPvvv!vvv$vvv1vvv)>vvv$vvv1vvvckvvv.kvvv2+vvvKGG vvvSvvv,vvvLG vuvL0v%#v)G v$vrv2v. v1v)bv(vJg,E&
6v->v.GOtvL0v%,hUv!
6v/G v!v-
b!/&218(.#E$6Jhb!/B -hUE2-C>$c1).
ˆj����x
q¿���±§t�q¿¤���ssrq¿����x
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘4
0?3G Vq.eb!/t"
8#P!%#ou!
qm
aG vvvvvvPvvvvvv&GdG$hd:bvvvvvv!vvvvvv/#vvvvvv)0vvvvvv?vvvvvv3Uvvvvvv1vvvvvv.eQ#Y.f,h#.kY"U1.#-,hU1.eG 9\.Y?.
DG vv?vv.GH:0vv?vv3Uvv.eQ#vvYvv.fbvv!vv/tvv"8
#vvPvv!vv%#ovvuvv!
6vvm#vv)G vvL8>vv.dhG vv(
8vvPvv.A,h0vvPvv9vvEvv3 vv$vv)1vv!vvgOvv2vvckvv.
kvv#tvv<vvLhC[vv.qvv-#vv)G vvKtvv.QhG)&vv.K,h0vv?vv3bvv!vv/Ch vv1vv.AC#.Q+%C#L+%1K vEPGC[.q.g,t$.0##Lh&,%1. V
60I.
hG$Uvvv"kvvv2+vvvKGqvvv.dG vvv!qvvv-N:o]‘_
ZY\[&%(’"!
$Ax}v#.-0/*),+
6587p[G vv2nvvrnvvLnI:183-184]E vv/Cfqvv.dOvv2vvEvv.&vv-:owvutsrqp
onmlkjihg
fedcbaGHEFCDABOPMNp[G 2nr
nLnI:185].
hqvv.dG vv(6vv2pvv2q|:z1ovv(pvv2nG)pOrvv0n
eobnvv!nvv/G
nvv$rvvQm
Rnvv,nvv.OnIp
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘5
Cn
fr
/n
Ep nv-nEp/
6G v!v-,hnC
nf6
#ovEnv$6vJkGQnO
ov.doG v!v-hnEpqnv.ep
G vV6v0
nIp,
hnEp0vv9nvv.ApG vvM
6tnvv.Ip,h
nUnvv.re
pQn#nvvY
nvv.fn
,hnDnvv@
8G vv2nvv1rvv:py#vv9vvlvvsbvv!vv/
UE9-#)DJ0=G1)b$LQX2G !-b(,$.(1).
hqvv. vv-| vv$vv.Ovv# vv->vv2vvLGFvv1vv"bvv)G)Ovv0e,qvv.d:
zG)pOrv0n
eoCn
fr
8nvSrv,nvJnC
nfr
/n
Ep nv-nEp/
6G v!v-,hnC
nf6
#ovEnv$6vJkGQnO
ov.do
G vv!vv-,hn8ovvrpvv1vv%nG vvV
6vv0n
In
,hn8ovv&r8pvv2nG vvM6t
nvv.In
,hn8nvvVovv.enQn#nvvY
nvv.fn
,
hn8nvvEovv@
6G vv2nvv1rvv:nEpfpGO
rvv9nvv\nvvcrvv:
nEp nvv1rvv-pO
nvv2pvv1vv0k
yGvvL6>vv-#vvPvv!vv%kvv2UvvEvv1vvEvv-#vv)DvvJ0vv=bvv$vvL1vv)G vvHvv\vv.HS(2),hCGvvLL
#c(.gG S61H.f#)DJ0=C12+L0LI|(3).
hkv2G vV6vEv1vEv1v)b
nv)rCn
1pv2+ovLn0rvLnInSbnv)pG v(
6v2pv28|C&
6v-q
nv.d
n:
z#n)rUn
.enQn#nYn
.fnEp0$n.&k.hnGD
r9pPn
.1k
.eo
lpLn n
-o#n.8nrn
J6
en#p)rPn
&r2p-py(4).
h;vv2vv:bvv(vv-|C&6vv-qvv.d:0vvrvv.dG vv!
qvv-N:ztovv"7b
nvv$nvv"pG1rvv)pBOnen0ovvY
nvv.bnvvm
o vv-G vvEnvvP
nvv(nvv7o1pvvcnvvS
rvvLpC
n#rvv<nvv. pvv,
nvv.Ep nvv/O
nvv2rvvcpvv$pvv.Fnvv7p
(1)CGL>-G 2H.Qj1Lq%(8),h#P!%1Lq%(16).
(2)GL6
>-#P!%1Lq%(8).
(3)CGL>-G 2H.Qj1Lq%(50),h#P!%1Lq%(9).
(4)CGL>-G 2H.Qj1Lq%(2014),h#P!%1Lq%(760).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘6
Xpvvcrvvmm,Ep/
6G vvV
6vv1nvv.enknvv(p&
6vv-o pvv2hnC
n&nvv.C
n>rvvMpj1pvv-p8
nvvLnc
nRnvv,rvv.n8
nvv-o
hn[nvvcnvv.#nvv-ohnR
nvvLnG1nvv-o#pvv)rC
n>rvv!pvv2 pvv!vvV
6vv.Fpvv%p
knvvLrD
nvv9nvv.fp:knvvLrD
nvv7l
bpvv(rvvJn
kpvv\rvvLpgp,hnk
nvvLrD
nvv7l
bpvv(rvvJn pvvr
nvv.ApQn1
8vv-p,hn
nvvHovv!ovv.aok
nvv%p
G vvV6vv.Fpvv%C
n[rvv1nvv3
o
bp(rJn
G !q
-#p)rQp0Fp
G $pPr
vpy#9lsb!/UE9-(1).
hG$Dvv.O0vv=kvv2kvvYvv"Uvv.eQ#vvYvv.fhqvv1vv.#vv-,hkvv2kY"G V.e#\!rk.t<1LI#c!.#7.hG !
q-h 27G 96.k1s
(2).
#)G 6
Kj/0?3b!1-G V6.e?
h#.PG0!M#,%b.Xk
.b)G V81.e?
aG vvvvPvvvv&GdG vvvv<vvvv.&vvvv2:#vvvv)G 6vvvvKj/Uvvvv.ebvvvv!vvvv1vvvv-
Ck1Jh&.>MGt%G !-G1LkG?.
DG vv?vv.GH:G vv$vv?vv(vv.f,hkvv.qvvJG vvcvvrvv",hG vvVvv2vv2,hG vvVvv2vv1vv7qvv2vv"G vv2vv!vv.Z, vvrvv.dG vv(6vv2pvv2q|:zQokpvvd
nG vvrnvv!nvv%ob
nvv)r
(1)CGL>-G 2H.Qj1Lq%(1894,h(1904),h#P!%1Lq%(1151).
(2)0v(v_vL/#v?v$v.Ykv9v.hih#vrv./J#v9v(v.bv7(15/167vvv169)hCUv!v-kv28vEvlv7
G)G.Gfk2G V1.eO&GdG$hd(U159).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘7
;nv0n
;nv7m,hnP
ntnvLn#pv(
rv,ov%r:G v$nv?
rv(ov.fpDnv96v/0nvlpv1vs
o[Cn
hr0vcvrv"],hbnv)p
G vvvvV6vvvvfpvvvv1vvvvLpD
nvvvv96vvvv/0nvvvvurvvvv2nvvvvLnChrD
nvvvv96vvvv/0vvvvSvvvv3Ch0vvvvEvvvv9vvvv!vvvv%y(1),hG E.FZhG (lP.A,hG $L0Z,hG $P.kL.
C#6v.G vEv.FvZhG v(vlvPv.Akv1v?v3bv!v1v,v$v.G vVv.e,h vuv)/0vv?vv.R vv,vv$vv.G vvVvv.ekvv2Q#vvYvv.fhevv1vvLgDvv.dG vvEvv1vvZ
hG vv(vvlvv.S,hbvv!vv1vv,vv$vv.G vvrvvYvv.A vv$vv.Ckvv\vvLG#vv)C0vv.eQ#vvYvv.f,
C#6vv.G vv$vvL0vvZhG vv$vvPvv.kvvLkvv1vv?vv.R vv,vv$vv.G vvVvv.ehG vvlvv\vvLkvv2Q#vvYvv.f,hG vvlvv\vvLCkvvYvv",hbvv!vv1vv,vv$vv.G vvrvvYvv.AEPGCkvv\vvLGkvv2Q#vvYvv.f; vvrvv.dG vv!
qvv-Ovv2vvEvv.&vv-:ofedcb
aGHEFp[G vvvvv2nvvvvvrnvvvvvLnI:185] vvvvuvvvv)EPGtvvvv.f
G v$vL0vZ/0vL>v/1vLDg1vSv,v.OIG$[v2v.AG v<vrv.J,kv00v!vM#v-G vvvVvvv.eh/G vvvrvvvYvvv.A,hbvvv!vvv1vvv-Cf0vvv\vvvcvvv%#vvvPvvvuvvv1vvv(kvvv.bvvv)tvvv"0vvv.e,h+vvv.&vvvVvvvmUvvv.Y1vvv. vvvVvvv.YG vvv(6vvv2vvv.j#vvv)qvvv.JG vvv2vvv!vvvJh#rJGQgt1!.h&Vm8rL02k..
(1)CGvL>v-CDv$vJ(1/116,118,140,155)hG v9vL#vKj1vLqv%(1423)hG1v)
#vvvv.>vvvv-1vvvvLqvvvv%(2042),hG1vvvv)GvvvvM0vvvv$vvvv71vvvvLqvvvv%(1003),hG1vvvv)Dvvvv2vvvv.f1vvvvLqvvvv%
(143),hG E.t%1Lq%(949,2351).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘8
h+vvuvvKGG vvSvv1vvIG vvuvv2vv1vvLhG vvcvv?vv.RG vvuvv2vv1vvLIG vv!vvKGf/
0vvPvv9vv\vv1vvcvv.fG vvVvv.e0vv\vvcvv$vv.fbvv)tvv"0vv.e&vvVvvmUvv.Y#vv)qvv.JG vv2vv!vvJ,h/Uvv.ebvv!vv1vv,vv$vv.h/qvvYvv.A,h0vv?vv.ROkvvd
G vuvlv.QIbv)>v$v1vdQ#vYv.fOkvcv7hGDvJIkv2ChdG vSv,vLChBGvvLg,Chkvv2C;vv(vv.Fvv- vvlvvrvv1vvLhGDvvJChCtvv<vvL,h+vvuvvKGDvv.d
G vEv.#v"hG v$vLXvdEPGRvsbv!v1v,v$v.G vV8v1v.e8vlv\vLGfhbv!v1v,v$v.
G rY.At. $L0ZG Kj0L>/1LAghG $P.kL(1).
G 96u. 1mG S6
Lb1678Pr]1.G90dG Sc.Q.
aG vvvPvvv&GdG vvv<vvv. vvv=:EPG#vvvLXvvv:G vvv$vvvLCIhGGvvv9vvv"Rvcv.Q+v.hCkv\vLJOv2vdQ#vYv.&v.J,h v%0v9vVvJbbv(v,v.,;vvvv%Rvvvvlvvvv1vvvv:#vvvv)#vvvvLXvvvv,vvvv.,hC&vvvv,vvvv.8vvvvrvvvvJQbvvvv!vvvv/Uvvvv1vvvv.eG vL#vYv.&v.JG v$vKtv.QI,hOv&G v2 vuv%+v"0v?v.R v. vJ+v.Cf0vvVvv.ebvv(vv,vv.#vv.8vvLtvv:Ce8vvVvv.e+vv2:h vv.C&vv-Gvv\vvL
bvv!vv1vv,vv.kvv2G vv$vvPvv9vvrvv2vv";$f#vvLXvv,vv.#vvLVCbvvVvv.HCe
+"0?.RG 9VJbb(,.kr]?.
(1)0(_L/#?$.Yk9.hih#r./J#9(.b7(15/175,176).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘9
DG vvvv?vvvv.GH:EPGtvvvv.&vvvv:8vvvvLtvvvv:G vvvvVvvvv1vvvv.e/Gvvvv9vvvv0d
Rvcv.Q+v.,kv(&v-/qvYv.Abv!v1v,v.;$f6
G v9vuv. v1vmG vSvLbv1v7qvJ
Qkvcv:bv(v,v.kv2G vlv9vLIG v9v2kvrvJJkv1v,v.G vSvcv.Q; vrv.dG v(v2v2|:zQokpvvd
nG vvrnvv!nvv%ob
nvv)r;nvv0n
;nvv7m:h
nPn
tnvvLn#pvv(
rvv,ovv%r:G vv$nvv?
rvv(ovv.fDnvv9nvv/
0nvlpv1vsoy(1).h#v)GGv9v"Rvcv.Qg1v#j&v.Y#v)G$#vLGVkv,v.kv2Dvuv%G v$v?v(v.f/8vuv!v1vmbv!v1v-,C#6v.Eftv.f8vLtv,v. v!vVv1v.e1vPv2v3G v$vLVhbvrv!v,v.;v.1v:kvcv!v1v,v.G vrvYv.A1vcvJG vSvlv.A#v)#vLXv,v.DvPv3[v.qv9v,v.h v.#vlvLqv.,kv(f#v.8v:kv2#vLXv,v. v%0rZb(,.,h/0?.RCf0V.eb(,.CDJk2D1.8,..
hkvvsG vv!qvv-G vv?vv$vv1vvd vv!vvlvvrvv-kvv2O0vv(vv-,hG vv<vv2vv.Jbvv!vv1vv-,
h>MGcb)b(.09v1##L+.G1LG(2).
aG vvvPvvv&GdG vvvLG1vvvd:+vvv"0vvv&#vvvLG vvvVvvv2vvv2G vvv$vvv$vvv1vvvM1. V1.e?h+"0?M+b(- .1!gk2C;(.AG V1.e?.
DG vvv?vvv.GH:Ovvv2vvvskvvv2>vvv.GHG vvvPvvv&GdG$hd:Cf6
(1)O2s8HL0?-.(2)0(_L/#?$.Yk9.hih#r./J#9(.b7(15/206,207).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘10
G vvVvv2vv1vv.fhG vvlvv9vv1vv.JEPG1vv!vvfvv.GOvv2vvckvv.kvv#tvv<vvL0vv&#vvLhf1vv. vvVvv1vv.e vv1vvcvv9vv.Ohg,hbvv!vv/Ch vv1vv.AC#vv.Q+vv%Cf0vv##vvLh+vv%1vvK vvv,tvv$vv.0v##vLh&v,v%1v. vV
6v0I,kv(PG1v!vfv.GG vEv!v%h>v3bv!v1v,v%G vVv.e,hEPG1vv!vvfvv.Gkvv2C;vv(vv.AG vv(6vv,vv.QC>vvMC+vv%P vvvG vv1vv.e,kvv!vv.kvvLV
CfG vvVvv2vv2Ctvv$vv"G vvHvv.#vvPvv7bvvSvvLIbvv(vvJG vvMhGdh+vv.Uvv.Fvv%P vvvvvG vvvv1vvvv.eC>vvvvMCgP vvvvv,htvvvv.fChdG vvvv(vvvv,vvvv.Q&vvvvlvvvv0
khBGvvvvLg
kvvL0vvYvv7EPG vv%0vvuvv)1vv!vvgqvv2vv"P vvv1vv(&vv2vv.JG vvSvvcvvLG vvHvvSvv)Dvv.dG vvlvvLL:h+vv.G vv$vvPvv$vv/G vvcvv.&vv7,Ch1vv(&vvMGdG vv$vv(vv2bvv)Rvv,vv.I,h+vvuvvKGG vvlvv9vv.IG vvEvvuvv%kvv1vv,vv$vv.Ovv.GA,E/
6CfG vvlvv9vv.I
8M0JC#LkGQG1c
k.0EV"1-G 2!.Z:h+.G E1Z
(1).
;2.JG S6,L1LD07G ,0dChEt$.dG cJI,hG cJO
G $\!.Hk2G S7,.O?.
aG P&GdG H.#Q:1%0<2:OG.dR,LQ#Y.f?.
DG v?v.GH:0v<v2v:+v0dQ#vYv.f1v. vLD0v7bv(vJ>v$v1vdC+v"
(1)0v(v_vL/#v?v$v.Ykv9v.hih#vrv./J#v9v(v.bv7(15/180,181)hCUv!v-kv28vEvlv7
G)G.GfG P&GdG <6
.&2(U160).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘11
G c!%; r.dG (62p28|:zUo.#o.G pL
oDr0n9p-phnCn
kr
\pLohG pL
oDr0n9p-p...y(1).
kvv. vv.G>vv3Cf0vvVvv.eG vv$vvPvv!vv$vv.f1vv. vvLD0vv7QD0vv7+vv0d
Q#vvYvv.f vv1vv!vv7G vv<6vv0;vv1vv)#vv)Rvvcvv2vv.f,h0vvVvv1vvLRvvcvv2vv.f&vv.qvvV
kvv.
h0vvvVvvv.#vvv.f,h+vvvuvvvKG vvv.QChGG vvv,vvv0d vvv1vvv!vvv7G vvv<6vvv0;vvv1vvv)#vvv)
Q#Y.fCk\LhG 9PdhbSL0).
C#6v.EPG v%0vLhGG v,v0dtv$v!v.GRvcv2v.f;v0;v1v)0v.#kv.,htvvvv$vvvv!vvvv.GQ#vvvvYvvvv.f;vvvv0;vvvv1vvvv),;
ovvvv%60vvvvlvvvv\vvvvLhf,hP vvvvvbvvvv$vvvv0
k
1vv.$Dvv.O0vv=G vvV6vvEvv1vvEvv7G!#vvLI1vvK vvvtvvrvv. vv-|:zU
ovv.#ovv.G pvLoDr0nv9pv-phnC
nkrv\pvL
ohG pvLoDr0nv9pv-p,k
nv(pf
reov%6b
nv!nv1rvuov%rk
nvcpvJ
7hG;
nv0n
;pv1v)n,Ch
knvvvv#n
trvvvv$pvvvv!
ovvvv.GG vvvvcnvvvvJnOny(2)h+vvvvKGG vvvv(6vvvvW0vvvvcvvvv%Rvvvvcvvvv2vvvv.f,h0vvvvcvvvv%
Q#vvYvv.f,hkvv2G vv!6vvlvvaG!GvvL:zk
nvv(pf
reovv%6b
nvv!nvv1rvvu
ovv%rk
nvv#n
trvv$pvv!
ovv.G
bpvJ6In
Rnvcrv2nv.f
n;nv0n
;pv1v)ny(3)h+vKG&vWkv2Etv$v.dRvcv2v.f,hkv2G vv!
6vvlvvaG!GvvL:zEpP
nGQnC
n0rvv9ovv%oG vv,pvv0
ndn
knvvVovv.#ovv.G,hnEpP
nGQnC
n0rvv9ovv$ovv.go
(1)#vv9vvlvvsbvv!vv1vv-#vv)DvvJ0vv=C1vv2+vvL0vvLISCGvvL>vv-G vv2vvHvv.Qj1vvLqvv%(1909),
h#P!%1Lq%(1081).
(2)CGL>-b(-1!l_17h#P!%1Lq%(1081),hG (6P.F21Lq%(2124).
(3)#vvv9vvvlvvvsbvvv!vvv1vvv-#vvv)DvvvJ0vvv=C1vvv2+vvvL0vvvLIShqvvvJOvvv2vvvs8vvvHvvvL0vvv?vvv-h+vvvKG vvvlvvva
G 2H.QjCGL>-1Lq%(1909).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘12
knv#n
krv\pvL
ohG,knv(pf
reov%6b
nv!nv1rvuov%rk
nvVov.#ov.G;
nv0n
;pv1v)n0nv.r#kv.y(1),h+vKG&vvWkvv2E8vv$vv.eUvv1vv.eQ#vvYvv.fEPGevv%bvv!vv/G vv(6vv.S+vv0d
R.Gd 1!7G <0;1)#)Q#Y.f,k1V.#.G;0;1)0.#k.(2).
aG vvPvv&GdG vvPvv.OS:1vvLD0vv7tvv%#vv)G vv(6vv.S0vv<vv2vv:
OGvvv.dRvvv,vvvLQ#vvvYvvv.fhGvvvLh>vvv-,h#vvv.Dvvvuvvv%#vvv)QCi
G ,0dhDJgb(JOG.dG S6,LChGLh>-?
DG v?v.GH:0v<v2v:OGv.dG vS6v,vLhGvLh>v-1vSv.+vJj
bvvvJdkvvv#tvvv<vvvL0vvvLhfG vvv,vvv0d,h0vvv<vvv2vvv:OGvvv. vvv-kvvvrvvv]1vvvSvvv.+vvvJhGDvJbvJd,kv2CUvFqv. v2G vcv!v$v.A;$&
6v-;v2v:bv)G v(6v2pv28
|C&6vvv-qvvv.d:zk
nvvv(pf
rRnvvv,pvvvJ
nRnvvv.+pvvvJ
nGfp[#ovvvP
rvvv!pvvv$nvvv.fp]knvvvVovvv.#ovvv.G
hnCn
kr
\pLohGy(3).
h;v2v:bv)G vEv.QK1v)Dv.[v3SC&v-qv.d:zbnv,pvJ
n
(1)CGL>-#P!%#)DJ0=C12+L0LIS1Lq%(1081).
(2)0(_L/#?$.Yk9.hih#r./J#9(.b7(15/59vvv61).
(3)CGvvL>vv-G)#vv.eCDvv$vvJkvv2G vv$vvPvv(vvJ(4/231)hG vv(6vvPvv.Fvv21vvLqvv%(2116)#vv)DJ0=b2JG LD$)1)R0J1)G H\.HS.
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘13
Ep nvv1rvv(nvv.QnO
ovv.doG vv!vv-|Cn
f&nvv(rvvPovvv
n pvv!vvL7Dr0nvv7p,k
nvv(pf
r nvv%r&nvvLngohnR
nvv,pvvJ
n
Rn
.+pJnGb
nJr
dm&nPn
ur(n.1pS
n,n.On8p,p$n.y(1).
h;vv2vv:bvv(vv-|C&6vv-C#vvLG vv(6vv.S1vv. vvV
8vv1vv.e1vvSvv,vv.OIG1vv)bv$vLS,h1vSv,v.OICbvLG1v2,h v%0v\v!v3Rv.+vJGBGvLbv!v1v-G vvV
6vv0IhG vvP6vv0e,kvv. vv,vv0d0vv<vv2vv:1vvSvv.+vvJhGDvvJkvv2OGvv.d
Q#vvYvv.f,Rvv.+vvJbvvJdbvv(vvJ>vv$vv,vv.QC+vv"G vvcvv!vv%; vv$vv.;vv2vv:
bnvvv)pG1rvvv)pb
ovvv$nvvvLnQXvvv2G vvv!vvv-bvvv(vvv,vvv$vvv.qnvvv.d
n:z8
nvvvLnGAniG vvv(6vvv.So
G vv,pvv0n
dn
knvv#n
Grvv2nvvLrJoQnO
ovv.dnG vv!qvv-|C
n&8vv2QnC
n0rvv9ovv-ok
nvvVnvv.#nvv-ohnC
n#nvvLn
G (6.Sn1pVp1n.#p-y(2).
h vv$vv.;vv2vv:bvv)G vvL6Ovv.d|:CfCbvvLG1vv1kvv.Rvv,vvJbvv(vvJg1v#&v-QCiG v,v0d,kvrv.d|:zC
n8nvSrv,nvJoC
nfr
/n
Ep nv-nEp/
6G v!v-y.
qnvv.d
n:&nvvcnvv%r.q
nvv.d
n:zC
n8nvvSrvv,nvvJoC
nf6
#ovvEnvv$6vvJkGQnO
ovv.doG vv!vv-y.qnvv.d
n:
&nvvcnvv%r.q
nvv.d
n:z0nvv.1pvv0
ndo
Cn
P8
fr
kpvv2G vv(6vv.Spknvv!rvv1nvvV
ovv.#ovv.GenvvJkGy(3),
(1)CGL>-C1.OGhO1Lq%(2338).
(2)CGL>-C1.OGhO1Lq%(2342).
(3)CGvvL>vv-C1vv.OGhO1vvLqvv%(2338)hG vv9vvL#vvKj1vvLqvv%(691),hG1vv)#vv.>vv-1vvLqvv%(1652)#)DJ0=G1)b2.SS.
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘14
k. ,0dEPGQBgbJdk2G J7
G.dh>3G V81.e1-.
hG vvv$vvvrvvvVvvv.O:Cf6
Rvvv,vvv.OIG vvvcvvvJ vvv1vvv)/1vvvJ6#vvv(vvv,vvv.kvvv2
G vHvLhLkv2Q#vYv.f,hkv2>v$v1vdG vS7v,v.Q,C#6v.Q#vYv.fkv2
G J7
G.dk1u9l/k1-1S,.OIhGDJbJd !EJ0<1)G P6
.1r1).
hG vEvuv$v7kv2P vv:hG v!qv-Cbv!v%G/Dv9v1v.W v!vJ
80v)kv2
G vJ7Gv.dhG vHvLhL,tv$v.&vWbv!v/P vvC+v"G vcv!v%,h#v)QCiG vv,vv0dhDvvJgkvv2G vvJ7Gvv.dChG vvHvvLhL,h vv%0vvcvv$vv"1vvSvv,vv.O8vv-,kvv(&
6vv-0vvVvv.e#vvdG vv(6vv.S,h0vvlvv\vvL#vvdG vv(6vv.S,h/
0vvcvv$vv"1vvSvv,vv.OI&vvlvvPvv-kvv2CUvvFCqvv.GdC+vv"G vvcvv!vv%; vvrvv.dG vvv(6vvv2pvvv28|:zG vvvV
6vvv.reo0nvvv.ren8nvvvVovvv.#ovvv.f
nhnG vvvlpvvv\
rvvvLo0nvvv.ren8ovvvlrvvv\pvvvL
ohfn
hnG$n
Xr
En/0n.ren8
oYn
E7.f
ny(1).
hqvvJP+vv31vvcvvZC+vv"G vvcvv!vv%E vv/C&6vv-0vvVvv.ehDvvJg,
hG vV6v.GHC&
6v-/0v?v.R v-Cf0vVv.ehDvJg,h/Cf0vlv\vL
hDvvJg,1vv"bvv!vv1vv-Cf0vvVvv.e#vvdG vv(6vv.Sh0vvlvv\vvL#vvcvv,vv% vvrvv.dG v(6v2pv28|G vP
6v.1vsPtvLg,C#6v.EPGtv.fkv2G v2vL06v7 v1vQbv(vJg
(1)CGL>-G 9L#Kj1Lq%(697)#)DJ0=C12+L0LIS.
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘15
CDJk(&6
-0c$"1LD09-k2G V6.ehG l\L.
hG !-h 2G 96.k1s(1).
Du%G c$"1LD07#)QCiG ,0d1.!/JG EJ0<7t. $LGUJh(G JQG11")?
aG vPv&GdG vPv.1vd:+v"0v?v.RGbv9v2v.QG vEvPv.Hkv2E;vv2vv.JG vv,vv0d?h+vv"8vvcvv9vv2vvLG vvLD0vv71vv.!/JG vv?vvJ0vvJIkvv2E;2.JG S
6,L,hG EP.HCe8S9LWG LD071. c1)kr]?
DG vv?vv.GH:G vvEvvPvv.H/0vvcvv.dbvv!vv1vv-kvv2QD0vv7+vv0d
Q#vYv.fh/ev1vLg#v)G$Dvuv.eG vS6vLbv16v71v(>v$v.YC+v"G vcv!v%,
Dvuv/G)>v$v.Ykv2P vvRv1vIG)Ov0eC1v.G vcv2v.SCDv$vJ1v)bvvv2vvvJG vvvEvvv!vvv1vvv%1vvv)8vvv1vvv$vvv1vvv7YhG vvvEvvv?vvv7kvvv2P vvvv#vvv.;vvv2vvv:kvvv2G$Dv.O0v=G vV
6vEv1vEv7bv)G v(6v2pv28|C&6v-qv.d:zU
ov.#ov.G pvLoDr0nv9pv-p
hnCn
kr
\pLohG pL
oDr0n9p-p,kn
(pfr
eo%6b
n!n
1ruo%rk#t$!.GG cpJ
6In
;n
0n
;p1)ny(2).
(1)0vvv(vvv_vvvL/#vvv?vvv$vvv.Ykvvv9vvv.hih#vvvrvvv./J#vvv9vvv(vvv.bvvv7(15/59vvvvvvvv661,h72,73)
h8El7G)G.GfG P&GdG LG1d(U162).
(2)O2s8HL0?-,G (P.F21Lq%(2124).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘16
C#6vvv.G!/J:kvvv_vvv.+vvvLG$O 6vvv7G vvvS
6vvvLbvvv1vvv7bvvvJe8vvvuvvv!vvv1vvvm
G v(6v.S1v. v9v$v.SG v,v0d1v,v.,1v"8vuvlv2QD0v7G vcv1v),h vuv)#v)[vvvv. vvvvdG vvvv,vvvv0d1vvvv,vvvv.h>vvvvMe1vvvv#&
6vvvv-QBg1vvvv.GOvvvv\vvvv9vvvv,vvvv.1vvvvcvvvvJevvvvLhH
G vvS6vv$vvQ,h+vv.#vvPvv!vv%bvvJdkvv0Cbvv!vv%#vv.&vvckvv.#vv)G vvcvv$vv"1vvLD0vv9vv-G v,v0d;$&
6v,v.#v)QD0v7G vcv1v)/#v)G vEvPv.H.kv$v)QBg1vcv1v(v-
bvvv)[vvvL0vvvsG vvv$vvvLGUvvvJG vvvlvvv!vvvuvvv1vvv7,Ch#vvv)[vvvL0vvvs>vvv2vvv",Ch#vvv)[vvL0vvsG vv$vv(vv.QI,EPG;vv2vv:C&vv-QBg1vvcvv1vv(vv-0vvcvv$vv"1vv,vv.,Ovv.GA#vv)[vL0vsG v$vLGUvJCh#v)[vL0vsG v$v(v.QI,Ch#v)[vL0vsG vPv\v.M,Ch#)Cj[L0s, u)/1J
6Cf0S,JG <
8r7C&
6-QBg1c1(-.
htvvvvKG#vvvv)QBg1vvvvvvv(G vvvvJQ1vvvv1vvvv"):+vvvv.#vvvv(vvvv_vvvv.Q0vvvvrvvvvLHQD0vvvv7G$Rvvv1vvv.A,EfGOvvv9vvvcvvv.f1vvv-kvvv01vvv#S;h vvvuvvv)G vvvcvvv$vvvJIbvvv!vvv/QD0vvv7G vcv1v),kv2>v$v1vdG$Dvuv.eG vS
6vLbv1v7tvJGv.dQ#vYv.fhGvLh>v-,
h8c11)C0.eG E@,he1LP v#)G$Du.eG S6
Lb17.
hkvvsG vv!qvv-G vv?vv$vv1vvd vv!vvlvvrvv-kvv2G vvJ
80vv),hG vv<
6vv2vv.Jbvv!vv1vv-,
E&6
->.GOltL0%l(1).
(1)0(_L/#?$.Yk9.hih#r./J#9(.b7(15/68vvv70).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘17
Du%U.e#)CU2FR,LghGDJkGh;0;1)0.#k.?
aG vvvPvvv&GdG vvv<vvv.#vvv):Ovvv$vvv.Dvvv7G vvvS6vvv1vvvI#vvv.Dvvvuvvv%
G vvS6vvHvvWG
6vvKjUvv.eCh6dG vvS
6vv,vvL1vv. vv$vv$vv!vvuvv7,;
ovv%6Ovv.kvvL
E vv/1vv!vvJ8vv#GvvLbvv(6vv.kvv2OGvv.dG vvS6vv,vvL+vv"0vvVvv.ehGDvvJ
kG
h;0;1)0.#k.#<0k
?.
DG vv?vv.GH:0vvVvv.e#vvcvv,vv%h0vvlvv\vvL#vvcvv,vv%h vv.RGOJ
C0vvv.#vvv-,kvvvEvvvuvvv$vvv-Dvvvuvvv%G vvv2vvv!vvvJG 6vvvKjqvvvJeE vvv1vvv-; vvvEvvvJ0vvv=:
zG vV6v.reo0nv.ren8
nvVov.#ov.f
nhnG vlpv\
rvLo0nv.ren8ovlrv\pvL
ohfn
hnG$n
XrvE
nv/0nv.ren
8ovvYnvvE
7vv.fnyh vvrvv. vv-|:zU
ovv.#ovv.G pvvLoDr0nvv9pvv-phnC
nkrvv\pvvL
ohG pvvLoDr0nvv9pvv-py
kvvvcvvv!vvv1vvv-Cf0vvvVvvv.e#vvvdC+vvv"1vvv!vvvJgG 6vvv9vvv2qvvvJeE vvv1vvv,vvv.,h0vvvlvvv\vvvL
#vvcvv,vv%; vvuvv)Ef vv%0vvuvv$vv"Uvv1vv.#vv-8vvPvvcvv7hbvvSvvL0vv)0vv.#kvv.,kvvcvv!vv1vv-Cf0vvlvv\vvL#vvcvv,vv%,;
ovv%60vvuvv$vv"P vvvG vv1vv.eG vv(vv.qvvW#vv(vv-
qY.Ak;$f6
G S,L/0(rWb)8PdhbSL0)0.#k..
hG !q
-h 2G 9.k1s(1).
(1)0(_L/#?$.Yk9.hih#r./J#9(.b7(15/155,156).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘18
Du%#)0V.eQ#Y.f;0;1)0.#k.OGF$k.?
aG vPv&GdG v9v.Ovd:#v.Dvuv%G v!qv-hQOv. v-kv2qv.e
0V.#.fQ#Y.f;0;1)0.#k.OGF$k.h/0(rV.&-C1JkG?.
DG vv?vv.GH:+vvKGG vvcvv$vv"Gvv\vv#,1vv"#vv(vvuvvL#vvHvv. vvm
vvuvv9vv.HG vv!qvv-,hOvv(6vv7QOvv. vv-#vvEvv$6vvJ|,h vvcvv$vv"CUvvEvv.1vv-
#v)C+v"G v2v1v:hev1vL+v%RC>v$vcv1v); vrv.dG v!qv-Ov2vEv.&v-
o^]\[ZY(’p[G vvvvvv2nvvvvvvrnvvvvvvLnI:189],
hqvv. vv-Ovv2vvEvv.&vv-:oELKJIPONp[G E
nSL:7].
hqvv.dG vv(6vv2pvv2q|:zUovv.#ovv.G pvvL
oDr0nvv9pvv-phnCn
krvv\pvvL
ohG pvvLoDr0nvv9pvv-p,
knv(pf
reov%6b
nv!nv1rvuov%rkv#tv$v!v.GG vcpvJ
6In
;nv0n
;pv1v)nyhkv2 vlva:zknvVov.#ov.G
;nvv0n
;pvv1vv)n0nvv.r#kvv.ykvv$vv)Uvv.#vv-OGFvv$kvv.;vv0;vv1vv)#vv)evv1vvL&vv_vvLkvv2G$+vv!vv7,kvvrvvJGvv. vvmG vvP
7vv(6vv7hG)>vv$vv.Y,hG1vv9vvJYkvv2G vvJ8
0vv)1vJbv7 v%0v#Pf1v,v.G v!
qv-,qv.dOv2vEv.&v-:o{zyx
wvutsrqpG!0v7[G$bvvLnGa:3],hqv.d
Ovvvv2vvvvEvvvv.&vvvv-:o&’(!"#$=>
?@pG!0v7[Bdbpv$vLnGf:31],hqv.d8vcv. v/:oEL
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘19
KJIPONM~}|{zp[G vvE
nvvSvvL:7]hqvv.dN:o[ZYX
WVUTSRQ0
/.-,+*Axv)
(’&%$#"!@
?>=p[G (8Pn
.A:13-14].
kvvvv,vvvvKgG!0vvvv.J8vvvvJdbvvvv!vvvv/Cf6
G vvvv.G>vvvv3+vvvv.G$GvvvvK
1vv.$+vv!vv7,kvv(f8vv%G vvSvv,vvL;vv0;vv1vv)Uvv.eG vv(6vv.S;vv0;vv1vv),hEf
&rWU.eG (6.S8Pck
.hbSL0),[.b7 !q
-h LO. -|.
hqvvJ8vv.G8vvLJG$Dvv.O0vv=bvv)G vvL6Ovv.d|OG 6vv7bvv!vv/
Cf6
G vS6v,vL0vuv.f8vPvckv.hbvSvL0v),h0vuv.f8v.QI
k;v0;v1v),#v(v,v.
qvv. vv-|:zEpf6
G vvS6vv,rvvLo8pvvP
rvvdlhnbpvvS
rvvLohf
n nvv1rvv!nvv7k
,knvv0n
8nvvVovv.#ovv.G
Dnv96v/8
nvLnhrGG v,pv0
ndn
,hn/n
8ovlrv\pvL
ohGDnv96v/8
nvLnhrGG v,pv0
ndn
,knv(pf
reov%6
bn!n
1ruo%rk
n#n
tr$p!
o.GG cpJ
6In
;n
0n
;p1)ny(1).
hkv2 vlva v,v$v.bv(v-bv!v1v-G vV6v0IhG vP
6v0eC&6v-qv.d:
(1)#vv9vvlvvsbvv!vv1vv-#vv)DvvJ0vv=G1vv)bvv$vvLQXvv2G vv!vv-bvv(vv,vv$vv.CGvvL>vv-G vv2vvHvv.Qj1vvLqvv%(1907),h#P!%1Lq%(1080).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘20
zG vvS6vv,rvvLo+nvvu
nvvKnGhn+nvvu
nvvKnG,hn+nvvu
nvvKnGy.hnC
nRnvv.Qn1pvv#
nUnvv.1pvvcpvv-pG vvc
nvvSrvvLp
hnGnv(nvQ
nEp1rv,nv.#nv-okpv2G v<6v. pv<
nv7p,;
ov%6q
nv.d
n:zG vS
6v,rvLo+nvu
nvKnGhn+nvu
nvKnG,
hn+nun
KnGyhC
nRn
.Qn1p#n
Un
.1pcp-pto!
8,n.,hn
n%0oH
n(pQ#p(r,n.R
n1r,k.y(1).
0vSv1vL|E v/C&6v-0vuv.fkv21vcvZG$Dv1v.f;v0;v1v),
h0vvuvv.fkvv21vvcvvYvv,vv.8vvPvvckvv.hbvvSvvL0vv),hqvvJ8vv!vvrvv/C+vv"G vvcvv!vv%hG)0vv$vv.f#vv)CUvvEvv.HG vv(6vv2pvv2q|hC8vv2vv.bvv,vv%1vv(DvvPvv.f+vvKgG$Dv.O0v=G vV
6vEv1vEv71v. vrv2v.dhG v96vPv!v1v%,hbv$v!v.G1v$vrv9vYv.+v.kvuv.&v.G0v9vLGAhf+v0dRvcv2v.f,hQ#vYv.fhRv.Gd,h0vcv$v!v.f1$.8S,J1-G 2716(7#)8$.eG S,LCh&rV.&-.
kvv. vv.G>vv3bvv!vv/>vv$vv1vvdG vv$vvPvv!vv$vv1vv)Cf0vvPvv1vvLhGbvv!vv/+vvKGG vv(6vv,vv@G vvrvv.0vv%,hCf0vv9vvLtvv.G#vv.Gvv. vvmP vvv#vv)BQGAG v(6v.Sh#v.CDvJ;v.g#v)G v2vJY,h1vK vv0v(v9v_v$v.fkv2Ov!vv
#vvv)hbvvvJ+vvv%G vvv!qvvv-1vvv. vvv?vvv(6vvv7hG vvvLqXvvv.Gfkvvv2qvvv. vvv-8vvvcvvv. vvv/:
o876543210/.-,+*)(’&%$#"!‘p[G 9q.1n7:100].
(1)CGL>-#P!%1Lq%(1080).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘21
h v,vKGC#vLG v(6v2pv2q|1v9vLGFv2G v,v0dhEtv$v.dG vcvJIEPG vvv%0vvvLG vvv,vvv0d vvv1vvv!vvv7G vvv<vvv0;vvv1vvv)#vvv)Rvvv,vvvLRvvvcvvv2vvv.f,Ch vvv1vvv!vvv7G vvv<vvv0;vvv1vvv)#vvv)Q#vvvYvvv.f,kvvv00vvv?vvv.R$DvvvJCf0vvvEvvvuvvv%QC0vvv-h0vvvrvvv.d:Ef
6G vvvS
6vvv,vvvLOGFvvv$kvvv.0vvvuvvv.f;vvv0;vvv1vvv);$f
6+vvvKGG vvvrvvv.d
#vvVvv.Oeh#vvHvv. vvm vv%Dvv.O0vv=G vvV6vvEvv1vvEvv7G vv<
6vv.1vv9vv7bvv)QOvv.d
G v!qv-|,tv$v.C&
6v-#vHv. vm)>v$v.YG v$vPv!v$v1v);kv(f
6G vcv!v$v.A
qvvJC>vv$vvcvv.Gqvv.[vv2vv7bvv!vv/Cf6
G vvS6vv,vvL0vvuvv.f8vvPvvckvv.hbvvSvvL0vv),
h0vvuvv.f;vv0;vv1vv),hG vv.GqvvdRvv.+vvJ1vvK vvv0vvcvv!vv$vv-tvv"qCDvvJ vv-b(.071,KGG S#f.
hqvJqv.dG v!qv-Ov2vEv.&v-kv2tv9v.1v-G vcv_v1v%:o-0
/"!$#&%(’~}
|{zyxwvutsr
qponp[G (8Pn
.A:59].
qvv.dG vvcvv!vv$vv.A#vv)C+vv"G vv96vvlvvPvv1vvLhevv1vvL+vv%:G vvL6O6E vv/G v!qv-+v.G vL6O7E v/tv9v.1v-G vuvL0v%,hG vL6O7E v/G vL6Ov.d|+v.G vL6OE v1v-&vlvPv-kv2Dv1v.8v-hE v/Ov(v9v-G vV
6vEv1vEv71vcvJhkv.8v-,hqvJChXvEv(v. vvG$O
6v7#v)tv9v.HG v!
qv-hOv(6v7QOv. v-bv!v1v-
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘22
G vV6v0IhG vP
6v0e,hE>v$v.YC+v"G vcv!v%bv!v/CfG vSv,vL8v.QIk
0vvuvv.f8vvPvvckvv.hbvvSvvL0vv),h8vv.QIk0vvuvv.f;vv0;vv1vv),kvv!vv1vvQ$DvvJ
#)G (6.SCf0H. m+KGG$U"G$U1".
hG !q
-G $P9c.f,h+.DP2(.h&c%G .t1"(1).
aG vvvPvvv&GdG vvvcvvv.RvvvL:+vvv"0vvv?vvv.RUvvv1vvv.e;vvv$vvv.&vvv1vvv7hbSL0)0.#k.[28]#)R,LQ#Y.f?
DG vvv?vvv.GH:qvvvJ;vvv2vvv:kvvv2G$Dvvv.O0vvv=G vvvV6vvvEvvv1vvvEvvv7
G vv$vvPvv9vvlvv1vvYvv7bvv)QOvv.dG vv!vv-|Cf6
G vvS6vv,vvL/0vv(vvrvvWbvv)
8vvvPvvvcvvv7hbvvvSvvvL0vvv)0vvv.#kvvv.,h#vvv9vvv/;vvv2vvv:OGvvv.dRvvv.Gd1vvv. vvv2vvv18vvv(vvv7G vvS
6vvLbvv1vv71vvcvvJUvv1vv.eG vv$vvPvv!vv$vv1vv);vv$vv.&vv1vv7hbvvSvvL0vv)0vv.#kvv.,kvv(&
6vv-
0vv9vvcvv16vv)Cf0vvuvv.&vv.GCkvv\vvLhGG vv1vv.eG$hd#vv)Q#vvYvv.fkvvcvv!vv1vv,vv%qvvYvv.Dg;$&
6vv-/0vv$vvuvv)Cf0vvuvv.fG vvSvv,vvL;vv$vv.&vv1vv7hbvvSvvL0vv)
0.#k.,hE&6
$.G S,L8Pc7hbSLhf0.#k.Ch;0;.f(2).
hqvJPtvLRv1vIG)Ov0eG1v)8v1v$v1v7kv2kv9v.hGgCf+vKG
(1)0(_L/#?$.Yk9.hih#r./J#9(.b7(15/155,164)19VLa.
(2)0(_L/#?$.Yk9.hih#r./J#9(.b7 P$.D9-(15/159).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘23
DvvJKkvv2R#vv)bvv!vv2SUvv.#vv.G;vv$vv.&vv1vv7hbvvSvvL0vv)0vv.#kvv.,hC#vvL+vv%bvv!vv21vvVvv1vv.eG vv1vv.eG
6vvKj&vvrvvVvv,vv%hE8vv$vv.eG vvSvv,vvL
8Pc7hbSL0)0.#k.(1).
Du%U1.ehb2.OI#)/0V!8
2
aG vPv&GdG vEv.OjbvSvL:#v)0vVv.eh0v&Oj1vcvZ
G c2.OGJ,h u(-/0V!2,k,"0r2"U.#-hb2.O8-?.
DG vv?vv.GH:1vvPvv%G vv!vv-hG vvEvv$vvJ vv!vv-:G vvVvvEvv1vvFCf
8vvv.QcG vvvV6vvv0Ibvvv$vvvJkG0vvvuvvvlvvvL1vvvK vvvvtvvvlvvvLkGCtvvv2vvvL,h1vvvK vvvv/
0vvvVvvvFUvvv.#vvv-,h/1vvvrvvv1vvv7bvvv2vvv.OG8vvv-Dvvv9vvv/0vvv9vvv.HE vvv/G vvv!vvv-Ovv2vvEvv.&vv-; vvrvv.dG vv!vv-N:oR_‘]^[
\p[G$&vvvvvcnvvvvv.e:88]h#vvvv.>vvvv.Akvvvv2#vvvvcvvvv(vvvv.+vvvv.#vvvv)G!0vvvv.J
hG$Dv.O0v=,hP+v3>v$vd#v)C+v"G vcv!v%E v/C&v-/0vuvlvL
1vvK vvvtvvlvvLkGCtvv2vvL,h/0vv2vv\vv"Uvv.#vv-h/bvv2vv.O8vv-EPGtvv.f
#rLkG1. .>.H,h u(-8LcG V0I8P.+0
khtP0
k.
(1)0vv(vv_vvL/#vv?vv$vv.Ykvv9vv.hiRvv1vvIG)Ovv0e(25/154,155)h#vv?vv$vv.Ykvv9vv.hi
h#r./J#9(.b7 P$.D9-(15/158).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘24
hG vVvEv1vFG vrv.dG$hd:h+v.C&v-0vuvlvL1v9vLtv,v.tvlvLkG
Ctvv2vvLEPGtvv.fbvv.#vvJkG,h vv.CqvvL1vv. vv.>vv.H;$O vv7tvv<vv1vvLI,#v(v,v.qv.dG v(6v2pv2q|:zEpf
61nv1rv)nG vL6>
ov"phn1nv1rv)nG vS8vLrcphnG vu
ovlrvLp
8nvvvLrc
nG vvvV
6vvv0n
Ipy(1)h vvvrvvv. vvv-|:zG vvvcnvvv,rvvvJoG
6vvvKpj1
nvvv1rvvv(nvvv(nvvv.hn1nvvv1rvvv(nvvv,ovvv%o
G V6
0n
Io
kn$n)r8
nLn
tn,n.k
nrn
Jr
tn
ln
Lny(2).
hqvJ1vPv]G vcv06
#v7G1v)G vrv1v%YG vrv.dkv2P vvkv2QOvv. vv7#vvPvv9vvrvv!vv7kvv2CDvvuvv.eG vvV
6vv0Ih8vvLtvv,vv.,h+vv2QOvv. vv7#l1JI8EP)#LG>c9,.hG/O9l.OI#(,.(3).
G (6V1E7 $)09u.O"b)G V6
0Ih0E.kab!/G V81.e
aG vvPvv&GdG vv<vv.&vv2bvvSvvL:1vvcvvZG vvSvv2vv.H+vvJG+vv%G v!qv-0v9vuv.Ov!v.fbv)G vV
6v0Ikv2Q#vYv.fhev1vLgh vuv(v,v%0vvvEvvv.kvvv_vvv.fbvvv!vvv/Uvvv1vvv.eQ#vvvYvvv.fh0vvv9vvvEvvv$vvv!vvv.fG vvvcvvv\vvvT
hG ?.Y,k2$.PG8(VE,%h#.Du%U1.#,%?.
(1)CGL>-#P!%#)DJ0=>.1L1)b2JG !-S1Lq%(82).
(2)CGvvvL>vvv-G vvv9vvvL#vvvKj1vvvLqvvv%(2621),hG vvv(6vvvPvvv.Fvvv2(463),hG1vvv)#vvv.>vvv-1vvvLqvvv%(1079),hUEE-G E.t%k2G $P9JQc1Lq%(11).
(3)0(_L/#?$.Yk9.hih#r./J#9(.b7(15/176,177).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘25
DG vv?vv.GH:&vvVvv1vvEvv9vv2 vv,vv&/ACf0vvlvvuvvLhG#vv!vv1kvv.kvv2C#vvL+vv%,hCf
r0vvcvv!vv$vv.GCf
6G vvV
6vv0IC+vv%CQtvv.fG)Ovv0e1vvcvvJ
G vS6v,v.O8v1v),hCf#v) v%0vVv"h8vLcG vV
6v0I#v9v,v.h&kv.,kv(&
6v-
bvvv!vvv/G vvvrvvv.dG vvvLG>vvvFbvvv(vvvJjG 6vvvKj8vvv&0vvvJgO/ vvv7G vvvuvvv9vvv.H
hG vvP7vv(6vv7C&
6vv-0vvuvv.ftvv.kvvLkGtvvlvvLkG#vvHvvL>
kvv.bvv)G vv$vv!6vv7#vvL8vvJkGbvv)
G)Ovv0e,kvv.$#vvL vv1vvQ1vv. vv,vv1vv);$f6
#vv)tvv.ftvv.kvvLkG#vvL8vvJkGbvv)G)Ovv0e/0vvrvv2vv"#vv(vv-/Uvv1vv.eh/UvvJqvv7,h/0vvrvv2vv"#vvvv(vvvv-Cjbvvvv$vvvv"; vvvvrvvvv. vvvv-8vvvvcvvvv. vvvv/:oihgfe
dcba78563
412?@=>;p[G 9q.1n7:54].
kvv2vv16vv)Ovv2vvEvv.&vv-h8vvcvv. vv/Cf&vvlvvrvv.8vv,vv%#vvdC&vv,vv.PGJ&vvlvvd
#vvv9vvvcvvvJ vvv!vvvfvvv1vvvL/8vvvrvvv2vvv"#vvv(vvv,vvv%#vvvdtvvvlvvvL+vvv%,hqvvv.dOvvv2vvvEvvv.&vvv-h8vcv. v/:o/"!$#&%(’p[G vvl
ovvLqvv.f:23]G vvK0vv)0vvVvv.#vv.fh/0vvVvv!vv.f/0vvrvv2vv"Uvv1vv.#vv,vv%,
1vv"+vv.#vvLOhObvv!vv1vv,vv%#vv.O#vv(vv.&vvrvv.d:E&vv,vv%tvvlvv.Qtvv$vv.0vvJdb!/P vt9.HG !-hO(7QO. -|.
kvv(vvVvv1vvEvv9vv2 vv,vv%Cf0vv9vvrvv.GG vv!qvv-N,hCf0vvEvv.kvv_vv.Gbvv!vv/
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘26
G vV6v0Ih0vrv.#v.G1v,v.kv2Chqv.8v,v.h#vd>v$v.bv7G v$vPv!v$v1v),hC&v.Xvv.#vv) vv,vv%1vvEvv.dG vv!
qvv-C&vv,vv%EPGkvvcvv!vv.GP vvvkvvPvv.a0vv?vvJhf
kvv2qvv!vv.1vv,vv%G vvL6evv2vv7G$tvv1vvJIkvv2Q#vvYvv.fhkvv1vv$vv.1vvcvvJQ#vvYvv.f
bvv!vv/COGAG vvV6vv0Ikvv2Chqvv.8vv,vv.#vvd>vv$vv.bvv7G vv$vvPvv!vv$vv1vv);$f
6
G)&vvvvPvvvv.fEPG8vvvv.HE vvvv/Q18vvvv-hCqvvvv2vvvv"bvvvv!vvvv1vvvv-h8vvvv.HE vvvv1vvvv-8vvvv.1vvvv7&vVv.D
kv.,kv(&v-qvJ0vuv.f1vcvJG v9v.1v7Gv1vLkG#v(v-qv2v!v,v.,tv$v.PtvLG v!qv-Ov2vEv.&v-h8vcv. v/bv)BOebv!v1v-G vV
6v0IhG vP6v0eC&v-1vcvJCf
DvVv"#v.DvVv"#v(v-#v)Ctv"G vSv?vLI,qv.dG v!qv-8vcv. v/:oy
xwvutp[[s-:122]
(1).
Du%8LcG V6.e8,.h&k.htP0
k
aG vvPvv&GdG vv<vv. vv=bvvSvvL:#vv.Dvvuvv%#vv)Ckvv\vvLkvv2Q#vYv.fev1vL#v(vuvL v.>v.1v-,h+v"0vHvL>v-#v)G)Ov0e
8Lt-G V81.e8,.h&k.Ct<L#)#LI?.
DG vv?vv.GH:#vv)Ckvv\vvLkvv2Q#vvYvv.fbvv$vvJkG vvfvv1vvLbvvKQ
RvvLbvv2,kvvrvvJC8vv/tvv2vv1vvLI#vv)G vvuvv2vv.FvvL,h/0vvuvvlvvL1vvK vvvkvv2
(1)0(_L/#?$.Yk9.hih#r./J#9(.b7(15/177vvv179).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘27
CUvvFCqvv.GdG vvcvv!vv$vv.A,hbvv!vv1vv-G vv96vv.1vv7E vv/G vv!vv-Ovv2vvEvv.&vv-#vvd
G vvvrvvvYvvv.A,hG$O 6vvv7tvvv<vvv1vvvLI8vvvJd
7bvvv!vvv/Cf8vvvLcG vvvV
8vvv1vvv.e vvv1vvvQ
tvvlvvLkGCtvv2vvL,EPG vv%0vv?vvEvvJG vv.>vv.HhE&6vv$vv.Ckvv\vvL8vvPvv.+vv0
k
htvvvPvvv0k
,hbvvv!vvv1vvv-E[vvvcvvv.e#vvvPvvvuvvv1vvv)bvvv)tvvv"8
0vvv.eEPG8vvv#GvvvL
G rY.AE /Q#Y.fBGL#)e1LbKQRLb2.
h+vvvuvvvKG8vvvLcG vvvM6tvvv.IhG vvvEvvv@6#vvvdG/Ovvv9vvv\vvv.bvvv7EPG vvv%
0v?vEvJh>v.1v,v$v.,kv(&6v-/0vuvlvL1vK vv,hbv!v1v-COGAG vM6tv.I
bvv$6vv.#vvYvv/#vv)G vvPvv(vv1vv)G 6vv9vv2kvvLWkvv1vv,vv.,hbvv!vv1vv-G vvEvv@#vvd
G vv96vv.1vv7G vv(6vvVovv.M#vv)G vv9vv#Gvv1vvL; vvcvv$vv.eG$O
6vv7G vvS
6vvLbvv16vv7kvv2
P vvvG vvJ6G vv7bvv!vv/bvvJetvvlvvL+vv$vv.EPG vv%0vv?vvEvvJGh>vv.1vv,vv$vv..h#v)P vvDvJ0v=8vcvK0v38v.QcG vMtv.I1v$v. v-0v.eG vrv1v.#v7;v%0LiO21!-E#6.E /G ?(67hE#6.E /G (6.Q(1)(2).
(1)CGL>-#P!%1Lq%(1647).
(2)#vv?vv$vv.Ykvv9vv.hih#vvrvv./J(15/331)hCUvv!vv-kvv28vvEvvlvv7G)Gvv.GfG vvPvv&Gd
G 9.OdbSL(U178).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘28
G$bKGQG $21E7 !l\Lk2Q#Y.f
Du%G l\Lk2G PlL
aG vPv&GdG vLG1vdbvSvL:#v)Ov.kvL1v.Ov.Fv"G v(vrv"G vvv$vvvL0vvvEvvv7+vvv"0vvvSvvvLY vvv-G vvvlvvv\vvvLkvvv2Q#vvvYvvv.f?h#vvv.+vvv.G$kY" -k2+KgG E. 7G V
81.eCeG l\L?.
DG vv?vv.GH:G vv$vvPvv.kvvL#vvHvv1vvLl1vv1vv)G vvV6vv.ehG vvlvv\vvL;
$f6
G (62p26|;2:b(-+KGh+KG,h+uKGG V6
E.17R.
kvcv)Cn
1pv2Onvcpv1vJmG vH
ovJr
Qpj8
qv.d:envMnhr&nv.#nvd
nQnOov.dpG v!v-
| pvPpv:6
bnvSrvLnIn#nvY
nv:r#pv)rQn#nvY
nv.fn
knv$pv(
6v.#nv)rU
nv.enhn#pv(6v.#nv)r
Cn
krvv\nvvLn,k
nvv!nvv%r0nvvcpvv3pG vvV
6vv.Fpvv%obnvv!nvv/G vv$ovvl
rvv\pvvLp,hn/
nG rvv$ovvl
rvv\pvvL
obnvv!nvv/
G V6
.Fp%p
(1).
0vvvvrvvvv.dG vvvv!qvvvv-8vvvvcvvvv. vvvv/:o-0/*),
+6587p[G vvv2nvvvrnvvvLnI:184]kvvv#1vvv.MG vvv!qvvv-G vvvlvvv\vvvL
k2G PlLE1.D7#\!r7.
(1)CGL>-#P!%1Lq%(1116).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘29
hG vv(6vv2pvv2q|0vvrvv.d:zEpf6
G vv!vv-0ovvEpvv3oC
nfr
8ovv&r8
nvv/QoG
nvvVovv-o
tnvvv$nvvv.0nvvvu
rvvvLngoC
nfr
8ovvv&r8
nvvv/#nvvvcrvvvVpvvv1
nvvv9ovvv-oy(1),hkvvv2 vvvlvvva:zEpf6
G vvv!vvv-0oEp3
oCn
fr
8o
&r
8n/QoG
nVo-ot
n$n.0oEp3oC
nfr
8o
&r
8n/b
nMnGFp$o-oy(2).
kvv. vvlvv\vvLkvv2G vvPvvlvvLOvv(6vv7,tvv$vv.kvvcvv"G vv(6vv2pvv28hCUvvEvv.1vv-R,hv̂v.+vvLG$O
6vv7G vvS
6vvLbvv16vv7Cf
6G vvlvv\vvLCkvvYvv",h/Ovv1vv$vv.
EPGRvs6
bv!v1v-G vV6v.ehGRv9vJ
6G vEvLhbv_v$v:G v$vSvr
6v7,8v#tvJ
G vlv\vL,htvLgG vV6v.e v!v$vPv.kvL; vrv.dG v(6v2pv2q|:z v1vQ#v)
G vv2vvLG vvVvv.ekvv2G vvPvvlvvLy(3),h#vv)Uvv.ekvv0DvvLLbvv!vv1vv-EPG %0Ssb!1-G V
81.e.
h vvuvv)EPGbvv!vv%G vv$vvPvv!vv%1vv#fkvv\vvLgkvv2G vvP6vvlvvLOvv1vv<vvrvv"
bv!v1v-G vrvYv.Akv1v$v.1vcvJ,h0vuv!qvlv-kv2G v$vPv9vrv2v",h0vHvSv/Cf
0vvSvvsbvv!vv1vv-kvvVvv.e#vv0Dvv_vv7 vv,vvKGG vv$vvcvv(vv/kvvK vvvGvv1vvL,h/
DvvvLLkvvv1vvv-Ovvv.GAtvvv.&vvv:hOvvv.Fvvv"G vvv(vvvrvvv"#vvvL0vvvEvvv7ChRvvv.qvvv7
(1)CGvvL>vv-G)#vv.eCDvv$vvJ(2/108)hUvvEvvEvv-G1vv)GvvM0vv$vv71vvLqvv%(2027)#vv)DJ0=G1)b$LS.
(2)CGL>-G1)C12R127k2#V(l-1Lq%(23793)hUEE-G1)D2.f1Lq%(3560).
(3)#9lsb!1-#)DJ0=>.1LCGL>-G 2H.Qj1Lq%(1946)h#P!%1Lq%(1115).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘30
)[vvvv0bG$O 6vvvv7,kvvvv(f
6G vvvv?vvvv$vvvv1vvvvd0vvvvSvvvv$vvvv!vvvv,vvvv%GOvvvv%G vvvvPvvvvlvvvvL,
h0vv9vvLGvvVvv.f1vvLGvvVvv-,hG vv!qvv-Ovv2vvEvv.&vv-RvvLY vv!vvcvv2vv.OCDvvuvv.e
G vvvPvvvlvvvLhG)qvvv.#vvv7kvvv2bvvv,vvvJg|h vvv$vvv)>vvv.A1vvvcvvvJgE vvv/0vvv.eG vrv1v.#v7,kv,v.Ov2vEv.&v-0vcv!v%#v.0vrvd#v)8vfv1vLG$Dv.Gdh8v(v.YhOvvv.Fvvv"G vvvPvvvlvvvL,h vvv.tvvv.fG vvvEvvvuvvv%0vvvHvvv9vvv!vvvm vvv(vvv2vvv-bvvv!vvv1vvv-Ovv2vvEvv.&vv-,tvv$vv.qvv.dN:oST~}|
{zyxwp[G vvvvvv(qvvvvvvEvvvvvv":89],hqvvvvv.d
Ovvvvv2vvvvvEvvvvv.&vvvvv-C0vvvvvYkvvvvv.:oZY\[V
UXWRp[G (qE":8](1).hG !
q-G $.ks.
Du%G V81.e !E.FZhG (qlP.A
aG vvvPvvv&GdG vvvHvvv.#vvvQbvvvSvvvL:#vvv.Dvvvuvvv%G vvvV8vvv1vvv.e
vv!vv$vvLCIG vvEvv.FvvZhG vv(qvvlvvPvv.A,hEPGCGvvL8vv.G vvrvvYvv.AE vv/Q#Y.fBGL,k$.PG0!M#,.?.
DG vv?vv.GH:bvv!vv/G vvEvv.FvvZhG vv(qvvlvvPvv.ACf8vvlvv\vvLGhqvv:
(1)0vvv(vvv_vvvL/#vvv?vvv$vvv.Ykvvv9vvv.hih#vvvrvvv./J#vvv9vvv(vvv.bvvv7(15/235vvv238)hkvvv28vvvEvvvlvvv7
G)G.GfG P&GdG <. =(U161).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘31
G vvEvv1vvZhG vv(qvvlvv.S,h/0vv?vv.R vv,vv$vv.G vvVvv.eh/G vvVvv0Ikvv2Dv.dG vEv1vZhG v(qvlv.S,h/0vVvEv.f#v(v,v$v.,hbv!v1v,v$v.qvYv.A
G vVqv.eOhfG vV
6v0I. v$v.;v2v:bv)bv.FvSv7ZC&6v,v.Ov,v!v::+v"
8vrvYv2G vEv.FvZG vVqv.ehG vV
6v0I?,kvrv. v::ztov(6v.&ov&r#nvLo1pvr
nvYnv.Ap
G V6.re
p,hn/
n&o&r#nL
o1prn
Yn
.ApG V6
0n
Ipy(1)#9lsb!/UE9-.
hqvJC>v$vdG vcv!v$v.AQDv$v,v%G v!qv-bv!v/#v.PtvL8v-bv.FvSv7
Z#v)h>v.HqvYv.AG vVqv.e,hbvJeqvYv.AG vV
6v0Ikv2Dvs8
G vvEvv.FvvZhG vv(qvvlvvPvv.A,QDvv$vv7k
#vv)G vv!vv-Ovv2vvEvv.&vv- vv,vv$vv.h8vv1vvPvv1vvLkGbvv!vv1vv,vv$vv.;$f
6G vvV
6vv0I8vv9vvuvvLQtvv"q0vv.eGvv$vvQ#vvLGJ,hkvv2qvYv.Fv,v.#vSvrv7bv!v1v,v$v.,C#6v.G vV
qv.ekv(&6v$v.0v?v3kv2G vP
6v(v7#vLIhGDJIh+.U.eQ#Y.fk0#Sr7k2qY.F-b!1,$..
h#vv)CGvvLJG vvrvvYvv.AE vv/#vv.1vvcvvJQ#vvYvv.fBGvvL vvfvv1vvLbvvKQRvvLbvv2,kvvcvv!vv1vv,vv.G vv96vv.1vv7E vv/G vv!
qvv-#vv)P vvv#vvdG vvrvvYvv.A
hE[vvcvv.e#vvPvvuvv1vv)bvv)tvv"8
0vv.e,h+vvuvvKGG vv$vvL0vvZhG vv$vvPvv.kvvL
EPGCGvvLGG vvrvvYvv.AE vv/#vv.1vvcvvJQ#vvYvv.fBGvvL#vv)evv1vvLbvvKQ
RvvLbvv2,kvv(fbvv!vv1vv,vv$vv.G vvrvvYvv.AhG vv96vv.1vv7hE[vvcvv.e#vvPvvuvv1vv)bvv)
(1)CGL>-G 2H.Qj1Lq%(321),h#P!%1Lq%(335).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘32
tvvv"8
0vvv.e,C#6vvv.EfGOvvv9vvv$vvvLG vvv$vvvLVChG vvvPvvvlvvvLE vvv/Q#vvvYvvv.f
BGvvvLkvvvcvvv!vvv1vvv,vvv$vvv.G vvvrvvvYvvv.Akvvvrvvv]OhfG)[vvvcvvv.e1vvvcvvvJG vvv2vvvLA#vvv)G $LVhG rJhe#)G P
6lL
(1).
Du%GO9c$.dG $LCIG E2.HG 6
928r\dG J6
ek2C0.eG E1ZhG (ql.S
aG vvPvv&GdG vvPvv.OSbvvSvvL:EPGGOvv9vvcvv$vv!vv:G vv$vvLCI#.0r\dG Jek2C0.eG (ql.SChG E1Zk$.G Eu%?.
DG vv?vv.GH:EPGGOvv9vvcvv$vv!vv:G vv$vvLCI#vv.0vvrvv\vvdG vvJe#vv)Dv2v.HChE1vLkv.&vrv\vdG vJe1vK vvhGev9vPv!v:,kv(&v,v.8vcv$v"tv$v.8c$"G \
6.+LGJ,hU08,.UE1E7,hU.#,.UE1F.
aG vPv&GdG vPv.1vdbvSvL:+v"0v?v.RGOv9vcv$v.dDv2v.H
#(dG E$" 9#G1LG E1Zb(JG $LCIk2R,LQ#Y.f?.
DG vvvvv?vvvvv.GH:/DvvvvvLLkvvvvv2P vvvvvv; vvvvv$vvvvv.kvvvvv1vvvvv-#vvvvv)
(1)0v(v_vL/#v?v$v.Ykv9v.hih#vrv./J#v9v(v.bv7(15/181vvv182)hCUv!v-kv28vEvlv7
G)G.GfG P&GdG c.RL(U172).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘33
G v$vVv!vEv7 v!v$vLCIkv2Uv.#v,v.#vdG v(v.ShbvJeG vrvYv.A,#vd
#vvvLGbvvv.IbvvvJeG vvvYvvvLQ#vvv(vvv,vvv.;$f1vvvcvvvZG vvv(vvvPvvv.A8vvvYvvvL+vvv)G E2.H.
Du%G S61IG u21LhG c?.RG u21LIEPGt.&./
0P9\1c.fG Vq.e
aG vPv&GdG v<v.#v)bvSvL:Q>v"qvJ1v!vg#v)G vPv)(75)
O(7h0Ssb!1-G V.e...G I#)C>"G rLD7k$.Du$-?.
DG v?v.GH:EPGtv.fG vS6v1vIG vuv2v1vLhG vcv?v.RG vuv2v1vLI
0vSvs7
bv!v1v,v$v.G vVqv.ekv!v,v$v.G)kv\v.Q,h0v\vcv$v.fbv)tv"
80v.e
#vvPvvuvv1vv(kvv.,E#6vv.1vv9vvSvvL0vvuvv-#vvcvv,vv$vv.kvv2G vv\6vvcvv.eChOkvvd&vvVvvm
Uvv.Y#vv)G vv9vv$vvLChG vvEvv(vv\vv7ChG$QR vv!vv$vvPvvuvv1vv)tvv"q0vv.e,kv(PGtv.&v.#vdP vv#vL0vYv1v)1vrvLDv7Chev1vL+v.,8v#tvJbv!v1v,v$v.G vvlvv\vvLh/E[vvcvv.ebvv!vv1vv,vv$vv.;$&
6vv,vv$vv.Dvv1vv(vv,vvKE&
6vv$vv.Ckvv\vvLG#vv)
C>vv"G vv$vvLV/#vv)C>vv"G vvuvv2vvL,kvv(PGRvvlvv1vv.qvvYvv1vv.bvvJO
G$0v.eG 6v9v2Ckv\vLG+v.,kv(fbv?vMGbv)G vrvYv.A1vPv2v3G vuv2vL
C[vvcvv$vv.bvv)tvv"60vv.e#vvPvvuvv1vv(kvv.,tvv$vv.8vvrvvJ6
e+vvuvvKGCkvv9vv/G1vv)
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘34
b2.S[he1Lg#)C+"G c!%.
hCO 6vvv7P vvvv#vvvcvvv!vvv.#vvv7#vvv(vvv,vvv.qvvv. vvv-8vvvcvvv. vvv/:ofe
dcbaGHEFp[G vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv2nvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvrnvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvLnI:185]
hG vcv.>vMG vuv2v1vL/0vPv9v\v1vdG vrvYv.A,kv.>v3bv!v1v-G)[vcv.e1vJ/k
#vv)P vvv,htvv.fC&vvQ1vv)#vv. vvvSGvv.OeG vv(6vv2pvv2q| vv$vv.tvv2vvLJ
O(-,hRs6
b!1-G V6.eCk\LhC[c%b)t"0.e#Pu1(k..
aG vvvPvvv&GdG vvv9vvv.OvvvdbvvvSvvvL:#vvv)Ovvv.Fvvv!vvv78vvvrvvv.d:hG vvvJUvJ0vrv9v2Q>v"tv2v1vL0vVv!
8v21v.Ov9v$vLGQ vuv)qv2v"Ov:Ov(v.GJ
8vvvLcG vvvVqvvv.eh8vvv$vvvPvvvv1vvv. vvvV
6vvv0I,1vvvPvvv2vvv3EUvvv.1vvv9vvv-1vvv$vvvLV
G r!3G $M#)k,"8P9\1d1(.8-G Vq.eb.X
k.b(-?
DG vv?vv.GH:#vv.OGe+vv.#vv.>vv.Ohbvv.>vvMbvv)G vvVqvv.e
1v9vrvL0vLG$[v2v.AC&6v-bv.>vM,h/0vL>v/RhGd+vKGG v$vLV,
kv(&6v-0v\vcv%bv)tv"
80v.e#vPvuv1v(kv.#v<v"G vS
6v1vIG vuv2v1vLhG vcv?v.R
G vvuvv2vv1vvLIG vvcvv.>vvM0vv)bvv)G vvV6vv.e,0vv\vvcvv%bvv(vv,vv$vv.bvv)tvv"q0vv.e
#vvPvvuvv1vv(kvv.&vvVvvmUvv.Y#vv)G vv9vv$vvLChevv1vvLg#vv)qvv.JG vv2vv!vvJ,h+vuvKGG v$vL0vZG
6vKj/0vL>v/1vLDg/0vVv.ebv(v-E/
6EPG
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘35
#vvvv.Jh vvvv%0vvvvVvvvv%,kvvvv!vvvv,vvvv%G vvvvHvvvv1vvvv.QEPGUvvvv.#vvvv.Gbvvvv(vvvv-kvvvv,vvvv%#vvEvvPvv(vv.f,tvv$vv.qvv.dG vv(6vv2pvv2q|:z#nvv)r#nvv.Jnhnb
nvv!nvv1rvv-pUpvv1
nvv.el,
Un
.enbn(r-ohn p1
7-hEfC[c$.Gtl/y(1)(2).
1cZG$#.QG 6
92qJ0Hl/Du$,.b!/G V6
.F%
qv.dY:tv<v1vLkG#v.0vcvLV v!vV6v.Fv%C#v.Q v%0v9vcv$vJ+v.
#vvvv)>vvvvLGM,ChQbvvvv.a,Chqvvvv2A,ChP+vvvv.HG vvvv$vvvv.A,ChG v2v(vM0v)E v/Dv!vrv-1vfv1vLGGv9v1v.Qg,kvuv"q+vKgG$#v.Q/8vlvPvJ
G vvVqvv.e,htvvK vvvOvvEvv3bvv1vv(vv.J#vv)OeG vvV
6vv.Fvv% vv!vv9vvEvv!vv1vv",hCGvvKgG)1vvLG
6vv9vv2kvv2G vvcvvYvv"ChG vv.Q0vvJChE1vvLG vv9vvHvvJ0vvL
G vv$vv.Xvvcvv2,Ch8vv#Gvv1vvLevvPvv"G vv?vv(vv.1vv7,hG vvEvv1vvZhG vv(vvlvv.S
E v/[v!v.YG vlv?vLhev1vL+v.#v)C#v.QqvJ0vHvlv/Dvuv$v,v.bv!v/G V.F%,h+2/8lPJG V.eh/8&;Lk1-(3),#(,.:
(1)#v9vlvsbv!v1v-#v)DvJ0v=bv.FvSv7ZCGvL>v-G v2vHv.Qj1vLqv%(1952),h#vPv!v%1Lq%(1147).
(2)0vvv(vvv_vvvL/#vvv?vvv$vvv.Ykvvv9vvv.hih#vvvrvvv./J#vvv9vvv(vvv.bvvv7(15/200vvv203)#vvv)G vvvPvvv&Gd
(16vvv19)b!/G 9L813.
(3)0(_L/#?$.Yk9.hih#r./J#9(.b7(15/16,17)19VLa.
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘36
Du%1!dG L80shG !
7c.H !V
6.F%
aG vvvvPvvvv&GdG vvvvcvvvvSvvvvLhf:#vvvv.Dvvvvuvvvv%1vvvv!vvvvdG vvvvL80vvvvs
hG !q
c.H !V6
.F%?.
DG v?v.GH:/DvLLkv21v!vdG vL80vs,h/Cbv!v%kv2P vvGv0k
kv.1v1v)C+v"G vcv!v%; v$vSvrv7Ch8vcvKQG v96vEvLR#v(v-,
C#6v.G v(7vHv.#v7hG v2v!vfv%kv1v?v3 vlv_v,v$v.EPGhUv!v9v.E v/G vlv%,h/0vv?vv.R vv!vvV
6vv.Fvv%1vv!vvcvv,vv$vv.)#vvuvv.fG vv96vvEvvLR#vv(vv,vv$vv.1vvHvv0a
G L80s.
hG v!7vcv.H/0vYvLG vV
6v.e;$&6v-#v)G vL80vs,kv(f1v!vd
kvvv01vvv#S,hEf1vvvVvvvskvvv01vvv#S,C#6vvv.G vvv(7vvvHvvv.#vvv7:h+vvv2#vvv.0vvHvvLL#vv)G vvVvvJQ,Ch#vv)G$&vvm,h0vvrvv.d vv,vv.G vv(vvHvv.bvv7,
h+vvv2G vvv2vvv!vvvfvvv%G vvvfvvv!vvv1vvvaG 6vvvKj0vvvEvvvVvvv" vvv*&vvvPvvv.f8vvv.QI
k#vvv)G vvvvVvvvvJQ,h8vvvv.QI
k#vvvv)G vvvvL6CS,+vvvvKg0vvvv?vvvv3bvvvv!vvvv/G vvvvL6>vvvv"hG vvv$vvvLCI1vvvVvvvrvvv-hEGvvvLG>vvv-hbvvvJeG1vvv9vvv0bvvv-,C#6vvv.G vvv!
7vvvcvvv.H
(1)0vvv(vvv_vvvL/#vvv?vvv$vvv.Ykvvv9vvv.hih#vvvrvvv./J#vvv9vvv(vvv.bvvv7(15/213)hCUvvv!vvv-kvvv2tvvv9vvv.H
k9.hiEO0#17#)>$dG $P(J(2/125).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘37
G vvvcvvv.OjG 6vvvKj+vvv.G vvvL80vvvs,kvvv,vvvKG/DvvvLLkvvv1vvv-h/0vvvYvvvL
G V6
.F%/Q>0h/G#LCI(1).
#)Ct"ChRLHk2&,.QQ#Y.f
aG vvvPvvv&GdG vvvEvvv.OjhG vvvcvvvSvvvLhf:#vvv.Dvvvuvvv%#vvv)Ct"ChRLHk2&,.QQ#Y.f&.O1k.?.
DG v?v.GH: v1vQbv!v1v-1v#ShUv.#v-UvEv1vF; vrv.dG vvv!
qvvv-Ovvv2vvvEvvv.&vvv-h8vvvcvvv. vvv/kvvv2BGvvvLOvvv.QIG vvv2vvvrvvvLI:oba
’(%&#p[G 2nrn
LnI:286].
hUvvvvvFbvvvvv)QOvvvvv.dG vvvvv!qvvvvv-|Cf
6G vvvvv!
qvvvvv-qvvvvv.d:zq
nvvvvvJr
knvvcnvv!
rvv:oy(2),h vv$vv.;vv2vv:bvv)C1vv2+vvL0vvLISbvv)G vv(6vv2pvv28|
C&6vvv-qvvv.d:z#nvvv)r&nvvvPpvvv2nhn+ovvv.nU
nvvv.Fpvvv%lknvvv#n
tnvvv"nC
nhrR
nvvvLpHn,k
nvvv!rvvv1ovvv9pvvv%6
Un.r#n-o,k
n(p&6$n.C
n[r
cn$n-oG !-hnO
nrn
.goy(3)#9lsb!1-(4).
h+vvuvvKG vv.>vv.#vvd&vv.Ovv1kvv.kvvVvv.#vv-UvvEvv1vvFkvv2CUvvF
(1)CGL>-#P!%1Lq%(126)#)DJ0=G1)b2.SQX2G !-b(,$..(2)0(_L/#?$.Yk9.hih#r./J#9(.b7(15/291,292).
(3)CGL>-G 2H.Qj1Lq%(1933),h(6669),h#P!%1Lq%(1155).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘38
qvv. vv2G vvcvv!vv$vv.A vv"0vv7G vvuvvL0vv$vv7,h vv,vvKGG vvEvvJ0vv=G vvS6vvL0vvm,
h vvrvv. vv-|:z#nvv)rCn
krvv\nvvLnkpvv2Qn#nvvY
nvv.fn
&nvv.Opvv1kvv.k
nvv0n
qnvvYnvv.Anhn/
n
tnvvvl
6vvv.QnI
nyGvvvL6>vvv-G vvvEvvv.tvvv%hUvvvEvvvEvvv-(1),h+vvvKGG vvv!
6vvvlvvva0vvvcvvv%
G vv?vv$vv.Yhevv1vvLg,#vv)G vv$vvlvv\vvLGJEPGkvvcvv!vv,vv.G vvV6vv.Fvv%&vv.Ovv1kvv.,
h+vvKG#vv)QDvv$vv7G vv!qvv-hkvvYvv!vv-hEDvvPvv.&vv-kvv!vv-G vvEvv$vvJhG vvS
7vvuvvL
b!/P v(2).
kv. 6vKj0v#tv"h0vSvLHh0v?v.#vd&v.Ov1kv./DvLLbv!v1v-,
hUv.#v-UvEv1vF,hEf8vKtvLC;v(v.AG$tv"hG vS7vLHhG v?v$v.Y
8.qm#(-k.QkG,hhGU"1r170.#-.
Du%Dr(7G .Q0JhG cY" !V.F%
aG vPv&GdG v<v.&v2hG vcvSvLhf:#v.Dvuv%GOv9vcv$v.dG)1vvvLG
6vvv9vvv2kvvv2G vvv.Q0vvvJhG)1vvvLG
6vvv9vvv2kvvv2G vvvcvvvYvvv"C;vvv(vvv.A
G vv(6vv,vv.Q vv!vvVvv.Fvv%?h#vv.Dvvuvv%E1vvLG vv9vvfvvK0vv7,h#vv.G vvlvvLb
(1)CGvvL>vv-1vvLqvv%(1569)hhGkvvrvv-G vvK+vv2vv2G vv9vvVvvEvv1vvFkvv28vv!vvHvv1vvVvv- vv!vv$vvPvv9vvJQc
(2/70)#)DJ0=C12+L0LIS.(2)0(_L/8El7G)G.Gf P$.D9-(U176)G P&GdG P.OSbSLk2G V1.e.
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘39
11(,$.?hDu%E1L(G 2(@)?G Er(7G SL>17?.
DG vv?vv.GH:G vvV6vvEvv1vvFkvv2Dvvrvv(vv7G vv.Q0vvJhG vvcvvYvv"
C&6vvv,vvv$vvv./8vvvlvvv\vvvLGf,hE&
6vvv$vvv.G
6vvv9vvv28vvvlvvv\vvvL+vvv2E1vvvLG vvv9vvvfvvvK0vvv7
Gvv.Uvv7,EPG8vvcvv$vvJGOvv9vvcvv$vv. vv,vv.,C#6vv.+vvKgG)1vvLG vvcvv.O0vv7/
8vlv\vL,kvVv.#v-UvEv1vF;$f6
G vEvrv(v7kv2G v.Q0vJ v1vPv:#v)>vv(vvQG$tvv"hG vvS
qvvLH,h+vvuvvKGG vvEvvrvv(vv7kvv2G vvcvvYvv"#vv)
1.HCh /.
vvvuvvv) vvv.qvvvYvvv/#vvv)1vvv.HG/Dvvv9vvv1vvv.Wtvvv.fCDvvvPvvv),h8vv#Gvv1vvL+vv.E vv/G vv!
6vv1vv"EPGObvv:G vvEvv.>vv7E vv1vv,vv.0vvuvv.fCh vv/
hCDvvv.W,GvvvLh>kvvv.#vvv)G vvvHvvv0akvvv2P vvvv,tvvvK vvvv vvv.Cf
G vv\vv2vv1vv3Cbvv\vv.gE1vvLIG vv9vvHvvJ0vvL(G vv2vv(vv@),kvv,vvKg#vv)G$#vv.Q#vcvlv.bv(v,v.,hbv!v1v-Cf0v9vEvlva#v)G1v9v0YRv2A#v)G vJhGA,ChG vvvJe,h+vvvKgG)1vvvLIG vvv$vvvKtvvv.QI/C;vvvL vvv,vvv.kvvv2UvvvEvvv7
G vvvvVvvvv.e; vvvvuvvvv.&vvvv,vvvv. vvvv1vvvvPvvvv:kvvvv2#vvvvcvvvv(vvvv/G$tvvvv"hG vvvvSvvvvLH,
hG$U"UE7G V.ehO0#9-.
h+vvuvvKGCGvvKG vvEvvrvv(vv7G vvSvvL>vv1vv7 vv!vvEvv.>vv7?hGOvv9vvcvv$vv.dG$Oh0vv7G vvPvv.Fvv!vv7bvv)[vvL0vvsG vvrovv2vv"G vv$vv$vvLG vv2vv. vv2hG vv9vv(vv.Ovv"
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘40
tv. v96vEv.#v1v",hEftv.&v:#v.OIG vJhGA8vVv"G vJe?kv0DvLLkv2P vvEPGGDv9v.LE v1v,v.G v$vL0vZkv2CUvFqv. v2G vcv!v$v.A,h+v.GGvv9vv1vv.QRvv1vvIG)Ovv0eG1vv)8vv1vv$vv1vv7YhC>vv$vvdtvv<vv1vvL#vv)C+vv"G vvcvv!vv% vvcvvJe#vvSvv.1vv,vv9vv,vv. vv%tvv"hG vvSvvLH,hGOvv9vvcvv$vv.dG$Oh0vv7
b)[L0sG ro2o"ChG J1L+KG/0EV"1-G)k\.Q(1).
GO9c$.d#c?.fG$O(.f,hq\LIG$Pf,hG$&m
hG c1) !V.F%
aG vPv&GdG v<v. v=hG vcvSvLhf:#v.Dvuv%GOv9vcv$v.d#vvvvcvvvv?vvvv.fG$Ovvvv(vvvv.f,hqvvvv\vvvvLIG$Pf,hqvvvv\vvvvLIG$&vvvvm,
hqvv\vvLIG vvcvv1vv) vv!vvVvv.Fvv%,hEPGh>vvJG vvVvv.Fvv%[vvcvv$vv,vv.kvv2D!r-k$.PG0V(d?.hDu%GO9(S.bG c.OhG \
813?.
DG v?v.GH:8v(v_v1vmG$Ov(v.f1v. v$vcv?v.f/0vlv\vL1v-G vV
6v.Fv%tv. vP8v.Gc,hbv!v1v-G v9vEvLR#v)P+v.HRv2A#v(v-E v/
(1)0vvv(vvv_vvvL/#vvv?vvv$vvv.Ykvvv9vvv.hih#vvvrvvv./J#vvv9vvv(vvv.bvvv7(15/257vvv259)hkvvv28vvvEvvvlvvv7
G)G.GfG P&GdG <. =bSLhG H.#QbSL(U174,175).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘41
>vvv.kvvv-,kvvv(fevvv!vvv2vvv-Rvvv2A#vvv)P vvvv1vvvJhfqvvvVvvvJkvvv0qvvvYvvv.A
bvvv!vvv1vvv-,h/DvvvLLbvvv!vvv1vvv-kvvv2GOvvv9vvvcvvv$vvv. vvv-kvvv2Ch6dG vvv(6vvv,vvv.QhBGvvLg,hP+vv31vvcvvZC+vv"G vvcvv!vv%E vv/tvvLG+vv7G vvP
8vv.Gc1vvcvvJ
G vvvMhGd,h+vvv.qvvv.d#vvvL>vvv.M,hG vvvV6vvv.GHbvvvJeG vvvuvvvLG+vvv7;
vvvcvvv$vvv.eqvvv.dG vvv(6vvv2pvvv2q|:zG vvvP6vvv.nGco#nvvv\
rvvv,nvvvLnIl pvvv!rvvvlnvvv%p
#nvvvLrXnvvv.I
l
pvvvvv!vvvvvL6H
8y(1),h vvvvvrvvvvv. vvvvv-|:z
nvvvvv.r/
nCn
fr
Cn
Rovvvvvs
6bnvvvvv!
nvvvvv/C
o#6vvvvv9pvvvvv2
$nn
#nvvLr8ovv,ovv%r1pvv. vvP8vv.nGcpbpvv(
rvvJn
tovv"
8Unvv0
nImy
(2)#vv9vvlvvsbvv!vv1vv-.h+vvKG0S$"U0IG _,LhG cVLh+$.1cJG MhGd.
h+vvuvvKGqvv\vvLIG vvcvv1vv)hG$Pf/0vvlvv\vvL1vv,vv$vv.G vvV6vv.Fvv%kvv2
CUvFqv. v2G vcv!v$v.A,kv(fh>vJ[vcv%G vrv\v.Qkv2Dv!vrv-,kv. vrvYv.A
CD.Wh/0?3;$&,$. 1P.#(lK0) !\c.ehG SLGH.
C#6vvvv.G vvvvrvvvv\vvvvLIkvvvv2G$&vvvvm:kvvvv08vvvv?vvvv.R;$f6
G$&vvvvm
#vvv(vvvlvvvK,h vvv,vvvKGqvvv.dG vvv(vvv2vvv2|: vvv!vvvrvvv1vvv]1vvv)Uvvv2vvvLIS:
(1)CGvvL>vv-CDvv$vvJkvv2G vv$vvPvv(vvJ(6/47)hG vv(6vvPvv.Fvv2q1vvLqvv%(5)1vv(Ovv(vv.OUvvEvv1vvFbvv)bvvv.FvvvSvvv7Z,hUvvvEvvvEvvv-G1vvv)GvvvM0vvv$vvv71vvvLqvvv%(135)#vvv)DvvvJ0vvv=C1vvv2+vvvL0vvvLI
S,hCGL>-G1)#.>-1Lq%(289)#)DJ0=C12C#.#7S.
(2)#v)DvJ0v=C1v2+vL0vLISCGvL>v-G v2vHv.Qj1vLqv%(888,7240),h#vPv!v%1Lq%(252).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘42
zhn1n. pgr
kp2G/Or
9p(r
Sn
.bpEp/6
Cn
fr
8n
uo.f
nUn
.Fp$k.y(1).
hbvv!vv/#vv)kvvcvv"P vvvG vvrvvYvv.A vv,vvKGG vvEvvJ0vv=,h#vv.>vvvv.Akvvvv2#vvvvcvvvv(vvvv.gEfh>vvvvJ[vvvvcvvvv$vvvv,vvvv.kvvvv2Dvvvv!vvvvrvvvv-.hEftvvvv.f
G vv$vvPvv9vvcvv$vv" vv!vvrvv\vvLGJG vv$vvKtvv.QI/0vvEvvQ1vv$vv.&vvMd#vv(vv,vv. v!v2v\v)#vdG vEv!vsChG$&vm>v.R v-Cf0vPv9vcv$v!v,v.kv2&v,v.QQ#vvYvv.fh+vv.Uvv.Fvv%,h/0vv&;vvLGOvv9vvcvv$vv. vv- vv!vvrvv\vvLGJbvv!vv/
U.#-EfR.AG !q
-.
/0vvPvv9vv(vvSvvsG vvVvv.Fvv%G vvcvv.O,C#6vv.C&vv.GYG vv\vv1vv3,kvv0
1vv#SCf0vvSvv%QGFvvEvv7G vv\vv1vv3evv1vvLG vv2vvHvv.Q;$f6
1vvcvvZC+vv"G vcv!v%0vLiCfG vcv.O0vlv\vLG vV
6v.Fv%EPGGOv9v(vSvrv-;$&6v-0vK+v3
E vv/G vv$vvIhG vvJ#vv.Z,h vv-OvvL0vv.fqvv.j,C#vv.Rvv$vv-#vv)evv1vvLqvvVvvJkvv00vvlvv\vvLg,htvvK vvvGOvv9vvcvv$vv.dG vv\vv1vv3tvvJ+vv)G vvcvv.OhG u. .&1.hG 2H.Q,1SLWC/0P9(SsG 2H.Q(2).
(1)CGvvL>vv-C1vv.OGhO1vvLqvv%(142),hG vv9vvL#vvKj1vvLqvv%(788)hqvv.d+vvKGDvvJ0vv=:
DP)UE1F,hCGL>-G (6P.F21Lq%(87),hG1)#.>-1Lq%(407).
(2)0v(v_vL/#v?v$v.Ykv9v.hih#vrv./J#v9v(v.bv7(15/260vvv262h266)hkv28vEvlv7
G)G.GfG P&GdG LG1dbSL(U175).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘43
Du%GO9c$.dG uE"hCOhGJG 9?$1"
k2&,.QQ#Y.f
aG vPv&GdG vLG1vdhG vcvSvLhf:#v.Dvuv%GOv9vcv$v.dG vvuvvEvv"h1vvcvvZCOhGJG vv9vv?vv$vv1vv" vv!vv(vvPvv.AGvv0d&vv,vv.QQ#Y.f?h+"8l\L+KgCe/?.
DG vv?vv.GH:G vvuvvEvv"/0vvlvv\vvLG vv(8vvPvv.Ah/G vvL8>vv.d
kv2CUvFqv. v2G vcv!v$v.A#v\v!vrkv.,h vuv)GOv9vcv$v. v-kv2G v!6v1v"
CkvvvYvvv"kvvv2Dvvvs6G vvvVvvv.Fvvv%,h+vvvuvvvKG#vvv.0vvvEvvvVvvv"1vvv-8vvv?vvv$vvv1vvv"
G v.>v-#v)G vV6v.1v.fhG$O+v.fhev1vLP vv#v$v.0v9vcv!vs1v_v.+vL
G vv?vv!vvJ,h#vv)P vvvG vvEvv(vv.AhG vv$vvuvv1vv.LhCRvv2vv.gP vvv,tvv"q
P vvvv/DvvvLLkvvv1vvv-kvvv2Dvvvs8
G vvvV6vvv.Fvvv%,#vvvdC&
6vvv-/0vvv(vvv2vvvfvvv2
GO9c$.dG $u1.LEPGt.f0YLG .>-.
hG !-h 27G 96.k1s(1).
(1)0v(v_vL/#v?v$v.Ykv9v.hih#vrv./J#v9v(v.bv7(15/259,260)hCUv!v-kv2tv9v.H
G Jb.I(2/170).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘44
Du%GO9c$.dG 2H.N !V6
.F%b(JG YLhQI?
aG vPv&GdG vHv.#vQhG vcvSvLhf:#v.Dvuv%GOv9vcv$v.dG 2H.Nk2G$&m,ChG l%k2G V
6.eb(JG YLhQI?.
DG vvv?vvv.GH:/1vvv#S1vvvK vvvvbvvv(vvvJG vvvYvvvLhQI,kvvv(f
C#vuv)8v#>v1v!v-E v/G v!6v1v"kv,v.CkvYv"hCDv.W,hE/kvEvuv$v-
G)1vv.Dvv7EPGGXvv\vvLE vv/P vvv; vvrvv.dG vv!vv-N:olkjihgfedcp[G$&vvvcnvvv.e:119]h$&
6vvv-
/0vSv2v-G$tv"hG vS6vLHkv#Rv2v-OvEv3G vJe v!v9vEv!v1v"hG)1vL
e1LG $fK07(1).
GLhLG $Kj1S,.I/02\"G V6.e.
aG vPv&GdG vPv.OShG vcvSvLhf:EPGqv26v"G)&vPv.f
h+vv.Uvv.Fvv%,ChRvv.+vvJ1vvcvvZG$kvv0eG vvHvv!vv1vvcvv7hGvvLL
#vvv(vvv-#vvvKj,kvvv,vvv"0vvvrvvvYvvv2G vvvV6vvv.e?hEPGtvvv.fP vvvvkvvv2
(1)0vvv(vvv_vvvL/#vvv?vvv$vvv.Ykvvv9vvv.hih#vvvrvvv./J#vvv9vvv(vvv.bvvv7(15/264,265)hkvvv28vvvEvvvlvvv7
G)G.GfG P&GdG LG1dhG cSLhf(U181).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘45
C0vv.e#vv9vvlvvLqvv7,kvv,vv"0vvuvv.fG vvrvvYvv.A#vv9vv.G vv1kvv.Ce#vv9vvlvvLqkvv.?
Ck1Jh&.>MGt%G !-G1LkG.
DG vvv?vvv.GH:GvvvLhLG vvv$vvvKj/0vvv2vvv\vvv"G vvvV6vvv.ekvvv2
CUvFqv. v2G vcv!v$v.A,Ov.GAtv.fP vv1vPv2v38vrv2v1v"G vM6h>v7,
Ch#vSv.+vJI1vcvZG$kv0e,Chev1vLP vv#v$6v.0v<v1vLG vSv,v.I;h vvuvv)/0vv?vv.R vv!vv$vvPvv!vv%#vvSvv.+vvJIG$kvv0eG vvHvv!vv1vvcvv7,h/
GO9$.Y#.DL6eG !-#)G$e.&2hB/JG !
6,..
C#6vvv.GvvvLhLG vvv$vvv(vvv2bvvv)Rvvv,vvv.Ikvvv(&6vvv-0vvv2vvv\vvv"G vvvV
6vvv.eOvvv.GADvVv"bv)#v2v.RvLI,Chqv2v!v7,Ch8vuvLGQ&v_vL,Chev1vLP vv#v)G$Ov2v.HG
6v9v28v<v1vLG vS
6v,v.Itv./Ov9v$v(v.Ah&vEv.g,C#6v.G/Dv9v0e
hG 9lu1L,k002\"G V.e1,$.h .GLL#(-#(21P22,$..
h/8vvv!vvvMeG vvv$vvv9vvv.1vvvcvvv7kvvv2qvvvYvvv.AQ#vvvYvvv.f,1vvv"0vvv?vvv.R8vvlvvL0vvsP vvv; vvcvv$vv.eqvv. vv-8vvcvv. vv/:o-0/*
),+6587p[G 2nrn
LnI:184]
(1).
(1)0vvv(vvv_vvvL/#vvv?vvv$vvv.Ykvvv9vvv.hih#vvvrvvv./J#vvv9vvv(vvv.bvvv7(15/267,268)hCUvvv!vvv-kvvv2
k9.hiEO0#17 !$P(J(2/134).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘46
/02\"G V.e1./D90e,h#)U!/1cJG/D90e
1JhfeP"krJCG\#?.
aG vPv&GdG vPv.1vdhG vcvSvLhf:tv(v:Uv.Fv$kv.h&v$v:
kvv2G vv$vvPvv?vvJ,h1vvcvvJ#vv.GOvv9vv1vvrvv_vv:h>vvJJC&vv2#vvEvv9vv!vv%,+vv"0vv&;vvLG/Dvv9vv0ekvv2G vvV
6vv.e?bvv!vv$kvv.C&vv(vv2 vv%Cevv9vvPvv"hUvvv!vvv1vvv:G vvvV
6vvv0I1vvvJhfevvvPvvv"?Dvvvuvvv%8vvv#Gvvv1vvvLG vvv?vvv(vvv3
hG E.FZhG (lP.AG fP"E /1cJ[!.YG l?L
DG vvv?vvv.GH:G/Dvvv9vvv0e/0vvvlvvvPvvvJG vvvV6vvv.e,h/0vvv&;vvvL
kvv1vv-;$&6vv- vv1vvQ1vv.Gvv9vv1vv.QG vvcvv2vvJ,h vvuvv)bvv!vv/G vv$vvEvv9vv!vv%evvPvv"
G v?v(v.1v7EPGGvLL#v(v-#v(v2;$f6
G v(6v2pv26| v$v.Ov,v"bv)P vv
C>vvv.H1vvv#fbvvv!vvv/G vvv$vvvEvvv9vvv!vvv%G vvvfvvvPvvv"EPGh>vvvJG vvv$vvv.A0vvvcvvv(vvv2:G vv$vv(vv2; vvrvv.dG vv(6vv2pvv2q|:zEp&
6vv$nvv.G
nvv$vv.Ao#pvv)nG vv$nvv.Apy
(1),hqvv. vv-|$eOvvv!vvv1vvv% vvv$vvv.Ovvv# vvv9vvv-bvvv)G/Dvvv9vvv0e:+vvv"bvvv!vvv1vvv,vvv.#vvv(vvv-
eP"?q.d|:z&ncn%rEpP
nGQnC
nJrG
r$n.Any#9lsb!/UE9-(2).
(1)CGL>-#P!%#)DJ0=C12Oc1JG HJQjS1Lq%(343).
(2)CGL>-G 2H.Qj1Lq%(282),h#P!%1Lq%(313).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘47
h#vvvv)Uvvvv!6vvvv/>vvvv(vvvv2kvvvv.1vvvvJhfevvvvPvvvv"bvvvv.#vvvvJkG,kvvvv,vvvvKGqvvvvJ
GQ8vvuvv3evv!vv\kvv.tvv2vv1vvLkGh#vv(vvuvvLkGbvv_vv1vv$kvv.,hbvv!vv/#vv)kvvcvv"P vvv
Cf0c1JG V6
0I1cJG fP"#dG 96.17E /G !q
-O2E.&-(1).
htvvK vvv vv.GDvv9vv!vv%1vvcvvJUvv0IG vvlvv?vvL,hCGvvLG vvfvvPvv"E vv/hqvv:Uvv0IG vv_vv,vvLkvv01vv#S,h+vvuvvKG vv.>vv.#vvdC+vv!vv-kv2G v!
6v1v"h v%0vfv9vPv"E/
61vcvJ[v!v.YG vlv?vL, v%0vuv)bv!v1v-
DvLLkv2P vv,kvrvJ;v2v:bv)G v(6v2pv28|:zC&6v-tnv.f
n0ovVrv2pvF
o
>o(o2k.#p)r>p$n.Y
m,;o
%60nfr
9n
Pp"ohn0nVo.eoy(2).
h+vvuvvKGG vvEvv.FvvZhG vv(qvvlvvPvv.A vv.[vv,vvL8vv.kvv2G vv!6vv1vv"h vv%
8vvfvv9vvPvv0E/6
1vvcvvJ[vv!vv.YG vvlvv?vvL vv%0vvuvv)bvv!vv1vv,vv$vv.1vv#Skvv2P vvhUv.#v,v$v.UvEv1vF,h vuv)/0v?v.R v,v$v.h/ v!v?v(v3
8vv#Gvv1vvLG vvfvvPvv"ChG vvV6vv0IE vv/[vv!vv.YG vvS
6vv$vvQ,1vv"0vv?vv3
bv!v/G v?v$v1vdG v2vJGQ1v. vfvPv"qv2v"[v!v.YG vS6v$vQDv96v/0v&OhG
(1)0v(v_vL/#v?v$v.Ykv9v.hih#vrv./J#v9v(v.bv7(15/275,276)hCUv!v-kv2tv9v.H
G Jb.I(1/121).
(2)#v9vlvsbv!v1v-#v)DvJ0v=bv.FvSv7ZCGvL>v-G v2vHv.Qj1vLqv%(1930),h#vPv!v%1Lq%(1109).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘48
G V6
0Ik2hq9,..
hbvvv!vvv/G vvvL6>vvv"Cf0vvv2vvv.OQ1vvv. vvvfvvvPvvv"#vvv)G vvv?vvv(vvv.1vvv7qvvv2vvv"Uv0IG vlv?vLDv96v/0v9v$vuv)#v)G vV
6v0Ikv2G v?v$v.bv7,hbv!v/G vEv.FvZhG v(qvlvPv.AEPGQC8v.G v\v,vLkv2C;v(v.AG v!
6v1v"Cf8v2v.OQG
1v. vfvPv"Dv96v/8vVv!v1v.G v$vfvLHhG vcvSv.A#v)8v!vvG v!6v1v!v7,tv$v.
Ckvv9vv/1vvK vvv>vv$vv.bvv7#vv)CUvvEvv.HG vv(vv2vv2|.h+vvuvvKGEPG
[v,vL8v.kv2hqv:G vcvVvLh>v3bv!v1v,v$v.G v2vJGQ1v. vfvPv"Dv96v/8V!1.G _,LhG cVLq2"eLhHG S$Q.
hG !-h 27G 96.k1s(1).
Du%&_LG V6
.F% !(8
P.A?h#V.kE9- !$LCIG$>(217.
aG vvvPvvv&GdG vvv<vvv.#vvv)hG vvvcvvvSvvvLhf:EPG&vvv_vvvLG)&vvvPvvv.f
#vv9vvcvv$vvJkGh+vv.Uvv.Fvv%E vv/G#vvLCIC>vv(vv2vv1vv7bvv(vv- vv?vv$vv. vv,vv.Ch v2v.Ov,v.Ch>vPvJ+v.,kv,v"0v2v\v"Uv.#v-CeCf+vKG#vuvLhg,
h0vvrvv2vv"G vv!vv-Uvv1vv.#vv-h0vv?vv.R0vv-bvv)G vv(vv_vvLGJ?#vv.G vvEvvuvv%
(1)0vv(vv_vvL/#vv?vv$vv.Ykvv9vv.hih#vvrvv./J#vv9vv(vv.bvv7(15/277,278)htvv9vv.HG vvJbvv.I
(1/120)hk9.hiEO0#17(2/135).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘49
kvvv1vvv$vvv)Uvvv.kvvvFG#vvvLCIC>vvv(vvv2vvv1vvv7Ch8vvvEvvvJK#vvvcvvv,vvv.kvvv2&vvv,vvv.QQ#vvYvv.fh+vv.Uvv.Fvv%hC0vvYvv.+vv2Uvv.Fvv$vv7?+vv"+vvKG0vvlvvPvvJ
G V.eCh0?LD-?&L>.8.>1,(.,h+" -tl.QI?.
DG vv?vv.GH:0vvEvvLebvv!vv2G vvV6vv.Fvv%G vv(vv_vvLE vv/G vv(6vvPvv.A,
hEPGtvv.f1vvSvv,vv.Itvv.fG vv96vvEvvL0vv%CRvvJ6
; vvrvv.dG vv!qvv-Ovv2vvEvv.&vv-:
o!$#&%(’p[G vvvvv(7vvvvv.Q:30]h$f
6E[vvvvv0bG vvvvv(6vvvvv_vvvvvL#vvvvv)hOvvvvv.Fvvvvv"hqvvvvv.YG vvvvvlvvvvv.DvvvvvSvvvvv7,
kv. v.G>v3evZG v2vVvL#vdG vEvKQ#v)COv2v.HG vlv9v(v7;h vuv)/0vv2vv\vv"Uvv.#vv-EPG vv%0vvHvvLL#vv(vv-#vv(vv2,C#6vv.#vv)C#vv(vv/,kvv(&
6vv-
0vv2vv\vv"Uvv.#vv-,hbvv!vv1vv-qvvYvv.DgEftvv.fkvvLXkvv.,#vvdG/Ovv9vv$vvLGQ
k2G)#P.cb)G $l\LGJ1.q20.#- EL#7G S6,L.
hC#6vv.G vv$vvVvv.kvvEvv7 vv!vv$vvLCIG$>vv(vv2vv1vv7/8vv?vv.RUvv.Fvv$kvv.tvv.f
Ch#l\LkG,k(f
6G LO.d|q.d:zEp&
82/n
Co
Un
.kpFoG (
8Pn
.Any(1).
(1)CGvL>v-G)#v.eCDv$vJ#v)DvJ0v=C#v1v$v71v(v:Qqv1vrv7(6/357)hG v(6vPv.Fv2q1vLqv%(4181),hG1vvv)#vvv.>vvv-1vvvLqvvv%(2874),hUvvvEvvvEvvv-G vvv% vvv2vvv.&vvv2kvvv2G vvvPvvv!vvvPvvv!vvv7G V
6E1E71Lq%(529).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘50
hqv. v:bv.FvSv7Z:zhnG v!v-p#nv.#nvP6v:
r0nvJoQnOov.dpG v!v-p
0nvvvJnG#rvvvLnCnImqnvvv]
7,#nvvv.tnvvv.f
n0ovvv2nvvv.0pvvvc
ovvv,ovvv)6Ep/6
1pvvv. rvvvunvvv0n
ep
y(1)8vvvcvvv(vvv2:G (
8P.AG$>(21.Je1LG $E.Qe.
C#6vvvvvv.G vvvvvv$vvvvvvEvvvvvvLetvvvvvv#Gvvvvvv:htvvvvvvcvvvvvv$vvvvvv7,kvvvvvv01vvvvvv#SCf
0vvVvv.kvvEvv,vv.,hC#6vv.G vv$vvuvv. vv$vv7 vv%>vv(vv2vv1vv7,kvv01vv#S1vv,vv.Eftv.&v:#vuv. v$v7#v2v.Dv7 v1vQkv1v,v.8v,v$v7h/Q0v2v7,tv#f0vPv# v,v.bv)Ch/O+v.,Ch0vPv# v,v.bv)C1v1v,v.,Ch0vPv# v,v.bv)Dv.>v7
#vv)Dvv.GFvv@G vv?vv1vvLGf,ChG$qvv.QHkvv01vv#S1vv,vv.,C#6vv.Eftvv.&vv:G vv$vvuvv. vv$vv7 vv!vv9vvEvvJK1vv$vv.0vv9vvcvv!vvs1vv. vvlvvPvv.OhG vvM8&vv.Ch#vv.Gbvv1vvJG vvM8&vv.Chbvv)Rvv,vv.I,Chbvv)tvvSvvm#vv(vv,vv. vv-1vv#f
0Li#E.O(,.ku"+KG/0?.R.
C#6vv.EPGtvv.&vv:G vv$vvEvv.O;vv7#vvdG vv96vvPvv9vvLh#vvdG vvEvv?vv.H,
h#vvvdG vvv2vvvcvvvJbvvv)G vvvL0vvv2vvv7h vvv1vvvQbvvv)Rvvv,vvv.I,kvvv(&vvv-/DvvvLL
bvv!vv1vv,vv$vv.kvv2P vvv,kvvrvvJ8vvEvvJKG vv(6vv2pvv2q| vv!vv(8vvPvv.A,hqvvJ
8vEvJKG v(8vPv.AE v1v-,h/DvLLkv2P vv,hG vV
6v.eUvEv1vF
h/8vvYvvLgG vv$vvVvv.kvvEvv7,h/8vvYvvLgG vv$vvEvv.O;vv7EPG vv%0vvHvvLL
(1)#9lsb!1-CGL>-G 2H.Qj1Lq%(4891),h#P!%1Lq%(1866).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘51
#vvv(vvv-Rvvv2A1vvvPvvv2vvv3P vvvv,kvvv(fGvvvLLRvvv2Ah>vvv3G vvvfvvvPvvv"h1\"G V.e,hb!1-qY.DgEft.fhG>2
k..
hG vvvv.G>vvvv3bvvvv!vvvv/G vvvv$vvvv&#vvvv)Cf0vvvvEvvvvKQ#vvvv.DvvvvL6eG vvvv!qvvvv-
bvv!vv1vv-,hC/0vvVvv.kvvFG#vvLCI/8vvEvv" vv-,hC/0vv9vvEvvJKE vv1vv,vv.bv)Rv,v.ICh0v(v_vLE v/#vEv.Ov(v,v.,kv. v!
qv-8vcv. v/0vrv.d:o!
$#&%(’~}|{zyxwp[G (7.Q:30].
kvv. vv9vvEvvlvva#vv)COvv2vv.HG vvSvvLhG>vv3bvv!vv/G vv$vv&#vv)C0vv(vv$vv.t.f.&P#dG !- (.h !$P!$1)G P
60#7hG c.k167#)t"
8O.A(1).
GLhLG Je#)G ?P%/0lPJG V.eE&6$.G $lPJ
G E?.#7,hG E1ZhG (ql.S.
aG vvPvv&GdG vv9vv.OvvdhG vvcvvSvvLhf:EPGtvv.fG)&vvPvv.f
Uvvv.Fvvv$vvv.h&vvvMd#vvv(vvv-Oe,kvvv,vvv"bvvv!vvv1vvv-Cf0vvvlvvv\vvvLCh0vvv9vvv%Uvv1vv.#vv-?h+vv"0vv?vv.R vv!vvV
6vv.Fvv%G vv9vv2vvLY1vvJ#vv-,ChOvvEvv3
(1)0v(v_vL/#v?v$v.Ykv9v.hih#vrv./J#v9v(v.bv7(15/268vvv271)hkv9v.hi&v.Qbv!v/
G JQH P$.D9-.
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘52
R2A#(-b1(.J !96E!1"?.
DG vvvvvvv?vvvvvvv.GH:/0vvvvvvvYvvvvvvvLG vvvvvvvV6vvvvvvv.Fvvvvvvv%GvvvvvvvLhLG vvvvvvvJ6eE/
6
G vEv?v.#v7,kv(PGGDv9v?v%,kv. vV6vEv1vFC&
6v-0vlv\vL1v. vEv?v.#v7hkv1v,v.
Gvv0aqvv.j41vv1vv)G vvcvv!vv$vv.A,hG$tvv<vvLhf0vvLhfC&6vv-/0vv2vv\vv"Dvv96vv/
1v. vEv?v.#v7; vuv)G vV6vEv1vFhG$Q>vF1v\v0&v-1v. vEv?v.#v7,hC&
6v-
0l\L1K v; r.dG (62p28|:zCn
kr
\n
LnG
rEn
.>p%ohnG r
$nEr
?o.eoy(1).
C#6vvv.EPGCQbvvvmChCUvvv.1vvv->vvvLMkvvv2Q>vvv!vvv-Ch0vvvJg,hGvvLL#vv(vv-Oe,+vv.Uvv.Fvv%,kvv(f
6Uvv.#vv-UvvEvv1vvF/0vvYvvLg
P vvv,hE&6vv$vv.GvvLhLG vvJ6eG vv$vvlvvPvvJ vv!vvVvv.e:+vv.G vvJ6eG
6vvKj
0vvvHvvvLL1vvv. vvvEvvv?vvv.#vvv7, vvvrvvv.dG vvv(6vvv2pvvv2q|:zCn
krvvv\nvvvLnG
rvvvEnvvv.>pvvv%o
hnG rvv$nvvE
rvv?ovv.eoyh0vvrvv.Sbvv!vv/G vvEvv?vv.#vv7#vv.tvv.f1vv$vvcvv(vv.+vv.#vv$vv.
0vvlvvcvv!vv-G)&vvPvv.f1vv.Gvv9vv1vv.Qgkvv1vvHvvLL#vv(vv-Oetvv<vv1vvL0vv&;vvLbvv!vv/G 2JfXcl
k.,k(&
6-0lPJG V
6.et. E?.#7.
(1)CGvvvL>vvv-G)#vvv.eCDvvv$vvvJkvvv2#vvvPvvv(vvvJgkvvv2#vvvPvvv(vvvJQGkvvvd1vvv)GvvvJ0vvv@S(3/357)
hG vv9vvL#vvKj1vvLqvv%(774)hqvv.dDvvJ0vv=:DvvPvv)UvvEvv1vvFtvv$vv.UvvEvvEvv-G1vv)GvvM0vv$vv7
1vvvvLqvvvv%(1964,1965),hG vvvvEvvvv.tvvvv%kvvvv2G vvvv$vvvvPvvvv9vvvvJQc1vvvvLqvvvv%(1561,1562)
hhGkr-G K+22k28!H1V- !$P9JQc(1/428).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘53
C#6vvv.G vvv96vvv2vvvLY1vvv. vvvJe,kvvv.$Dvvv.W8vvv#>vvv1vvv!vvv-E vvv/#vvv.1vvvcvvvJ
G)kvv\vv.Q;$&6vv-kvv2G vvfvv. vv30vvuvv.ftvv<vv1vvLkGkvv1vvSvv2vv-G vvEvv?vv.#vv7;
$f6
G vS6vL0vcv7G)Ov0#v1v7/8vlvLb1v1v)G vSv1v,v1v)G v$v9v$v.;v!v1v),
tvv$vv.C&6vv,vv./8vv?vv$vvd1vv1vv)G vvSvv1vv,vv1vv)G vv$vvlvv9vvLqvv1vv),C#6vv.#vv.GvvLL
#vvvv)G)&vvvvPvvvv.f1vvvvfvvvv1vvvvLqvvvvVvvvvJtvvvv. vvvvLbvvvv.a,hG/Ovvvv9vvvvEvvvv.Xvvvv7,
htv. v?vLM v!v2vJf#v)G vPvuv1v)bv(vJ8vrv\v1vdG v!6vEv%,Chh[v,v-
bvvvv!vvvv/R>vvvv.>vvvv7,Ch#vvvv.CRvvvv2vvvv-P vvvvv,kvvvv(fP vvvvv/0vvvvlvvvvPvvvvJ
G V.e,h .GLL#(-Oet<1L.
tvvK vvv vv.GvvLLOe0vvPvv1vvL/0vv&;vvLtvv9vv#;vv1vvLG vvEvv?vv.#vv7tvv. vvJeG
6vvKj0vv&GvvK vv!vv9vvEvv!vv1vv"bvv(vvJG vvEvv.>vv7E vv/P vvv;1vv"
0vcvlv/bv(v-;$&6v-#v$6v.8vJbv.G vEv.>v7E v1v-,h v1vQ#v)>v(vQ
G v$vlv\vLGJG v$vcv!v.#v7#v)G vS6vLYG v$v\v,vL,kv00vlvPvJG vVv.e
C0vvYkvv.,hE&
6vv$vv.0vvlvvPvvJG vvVvv.eG vvEvv1vvZhG vv(qvvlvv.ShG vvEvv?vv.#vv7,
hG !q
-h 27G 96.k1s(1).
(1)0vv(vv_vvL/#vv?vv$vv.Ykvv9vv.hih#vvrvv./J#vv9vv(vv.bvv7(15/271vvv274)hkvv9vv.hi&vv.Qbvv!vv/G vvJQH,h#vv?vv$vv.Ykvv9vv.hiG vvSvv1vvI#vv)>vv$vvdO.G vv\vv1vv.QhCDvv$vvJG vv2vv.R(5/254)
h8El7G)G.Gf P$.D9-#)>$dG S.FdO&GdG E.OjhG cSLhf(U180).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘54
G f127hG ($1$7hG P6
3he1L+.#)G $c.U28?LM
G V.eh8(rWG$>L
aG vvPvv&GdG vv<vv0;vv.f:+vv"Gevv9vv1vv.HG vv(vv.S0vvlvv\vvL
k2Q#Y.f?
DG vvv?vvv.GH:G vvvfvvv1vvv2vvv7/8vvvlvvv\vvvLG vvvV6vvv.Fvvv%,h+vvv2PtvvvL
G)&vvPvv.fCGvv.g1vv$vv.0vvuvvLg,h+vv2#vvcvvVvv1vv7, vvrvv.dG vv!vv-N:oRSTUp[G vvvvE
ovvvv?vvvvLnGJ:12]h+vvvuvvvKGG vvv(6vvv$vvv1vvv$vvv7hG vvP
6vv3hG vvSvv9vv%hG vvuvvKH,htvv"P vvv/0vvlvv\vvLG vvVvv.Fvv%,h vvuvv(vv,vv.#vvcvv.Uvv20vv?vv3G vvEvvKQ#vv(vv,vv.hG>vv9vv(vv.1vv,vv.#vv)G vvV
6vv.Fvv%hevv1vvLg,h+vv28vv?vvLMG vvV
6vv.eh8vvYvvcvvmG$>vvL; vvrvv.dG vv(6vv2pvv28
|:z#nv)r nv%r0nvJnYrq
nv.rdnG vM7hQphnG vcnv$nv"n1pv-phnG v?
nv,rv"n,knv!nv1rvQ
n
vvvv!vvvv-pDnvvvv.>
nvvvv7l
kpvvvv2Cn
fr
0nvvvvJnYn[nvvvvcnvvvv.#nvvvv-ohnR
nvvvvLnG1nvvvv-oy(1)QhGgG)#vvvv.e
G 2H.Qjk2UE1E-.
h vvvrvvv. vvv-|:zG vvvV8vvv1nvvv.eo>
ovvv(6vvv7l,knvvv(pPnGt
nvvv.f
n0nvvv.reoU
nvvv.rep
(1)CGL>-G)#.eG 2H.Qjb)C12+L0LIS1Lq%(1903,6057).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘55
Cn
DnvJpt
ov%rk
nv0n0nvLrk
ov=r
hn/n
0nvVrvH
nv3r,k
nv(pf
rOnv.16v-oC
nDnvJ
lCn
hrqnv.8nv!nv-o,
kn!r
1nro"rEp&
82U
n.Fp%ly(1).
hG$D.O0=k2+KGG $c(/t<1LI(2).
+vvKGhUvv!6vv/G vv!
qvv-hOvv!
6vv%bvv!vv/&vv2vv18vv(vv.#vvEvv$6vvJhbvv!vv/B vv-
hUE2-C>$c1).
Y Y Y
(1)#vv9vvlvvsbvv!vv1vv-#vv)DvvJ0vv=C1vv2+vvL0vvLIS[CGvvL>vv-G vv2vvHvv.Qj1vvLqvv%(1894),
h#P!%1Lq%(1151).
(2)0(_L/#?$.Yk9.hih#r./J#9(.b7(15/320).
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘56
k,LSG $.X.b.J
G $.X.YG VlE7
#rJ#7G !6
?(7G c!$167:...................................................03
#)0?3b!1,%G V81.e:................................................05
#)/0?3b!1,%G V81.e:............................................07
G 96u. 1mG S6
Lb1678Pr]1.G90dG S7
c.Q:............................09
#.0<2:1-G S6,LQD07G ,0dChEt$.dG cJI:........................11
G cJOG 6
Kj0<2:1-OG.dG S,LhGLh>-:...........................13
Du%QD07G ,0d1.!/JG EJ0<17t. $LUJ,hG JQG11":.........16
Du%#)U.QU.#-hGDJl
h;0;.f0.#k.:............................18
Du%#)0V.e;0;.f0.#k.OGF$k.:....................................19
Du%#)0V.e;$.fhbSLhf0.#k.:..................................23
Du%U1.ehb2.OI#)/0V!2:......................................24
‡����q¿˜—��—§r|57
G $.X.YG VlE7
G (V1E7 $)09u.O"1. V6
0I:........................................25
Du%8.QcG V6
0I8,.h&k
.htP0k
:.....................................27
*G$bKGQG $21E7 !l\L:..............................................29
C:Du%U1.eG $P.kLhG $L0Z:................................29
H:Du%U1.eG E.FZhG (lP.A:...............................31
L:Du%GO9c$.dG $LCIG E2.H $(dG E1Z:................33
O:Du%k\LG S61IG u21LhG c?.RG u21LI:.....................34
*PtL1cZG$#.QG 92qJ0Hl/Du$,.b!/1cZG (6.S#(,.:...36
C:1!dG L80shG !
7c.H:.............................................36
H:G$t"hG SLHhG ?$.Y&.O13.:..............................38
L:Du%Dr(7G .Q0JhG cY":...................................39
O:Du%GO9c$.d#c?.fG$O(.fhq\LIG c1)hG$PfhG$&m:..41
} }—˚��jq�‡�q¿���r˘58
G $.X.YG VlE7
Du%GO9c$.dG uE"hCOhGJG 9?$1":.............................44
Du%GO9c$.dG 2H.N !YLhQI:......................................45
*CR1.A/8lPJG V.eh/8#;Lk1-#(,.:............................45
C:GLhLG $Kj1S,.I/02\"G V.e:..........................45
H:G/D90e/0lPJG V.eh/02\!-:..........................47
L:G (_LE /G $LCIG$>(217h#V.kE9,.#EJ;9,./0lPJG V.e:...49
O:GLhLG JetLb.aGh#)>LM/0lPJG V.e:.............52
+vvv:G f127hG ($1$7hG P3he1L+.#)G $c.U2/8lPJG V.e:......55
k,LSG $.X.b.J:...................................................57
‡����q¿˜—��—§r|59