k ennedy /lbj/n ixon y ears : c amelot, the g reat s ociety, and a 10 year police action wednesday...
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KENNEDY/LBJ/NIXON YEARS: CAMELOT, THE GREAT SOCIETY, AND A 10 YEAR POLICE ACTIONWednesday May 23, 2012
Paulson
U.S. History
SPARK # 7
Use your book for help (or your timelines) 1. Name the 2 main U.S. Presidents that
served during the 1960’s. 2. In what year did a U.S. astronaut first go
into space? 3. With what island nation will the U.S. face
off in 1962? Who are they backed by?
AGENDA
Spark # 7 Business Items
Review Sheet Grades – check Schedule reviews
Kennedy/LBJ/Nixon notes – This is overview!!!
ELECTION OF 1960
First televised debates Nixon: “lazy shave,” sweating, tired look Kennedy: young, rested, tan, “camera friendly”
Kennedy 43 years old 12 years in HOR/Senate Distinguished service in WWII Roman Catholic
Elected by VERY slim margin 1st inaugural address: “Ask not…”
KENNEDY: “CAMELOT AND THE “NEW FRONTIER”
Early speech – “nation poised on edge of a ‘new frontier.’”
New Frontier Improve economy Assist poor Speed Space program
Camelot Youthful, energetic, idealistic image of Kennedy W.H. Jackie O. – fashionable, intelligent, beautiful Renovated, redecorated, - grace and style Swimming pool and treehouse on W.H. lawn
SPACE PROGRAM National Aeronautics and Space Administration: NASA Sputnik, then April 1961 – Juri Gagarin first human in
space U.S. responds with manned flight Kennedy challenge to U.S. in 1961
“put a man on the moon by end of decade…” July 20, 1969 – Neil Armstrong first ,man on moon
KENNEDY ASSASSINATED
November 22, 1963 - Dallas, TX Open limousine, published parade route Shots from nearby building LBJ (Vice Prez.) sworn in on Air Force One America stunned and shattered Lee Harvey Oswald arrested then
assassinated by Jack Ruby Conspiracy theories and the Warren
Commission Millions (literally) of pages of books, reports,
articles
LYNDON BAINES JOHNSON (LBJ)
Sworn in on Air Force 1 – famous photo w/ Jackie O.
“All I have I would have gladly given to not be standing here today…The ideas and ideals which he so nobly represented must and will be translated into effective action…”
Skillful politician, intimidating negotiator “the Johnson treament”
COACH STOUGHTON’S G-PA’S PIC
LBJ AND “THE GREAT SOCIETY” Action to help heal nation’s hurts after JFK Huge program of reforms on domestic issues
Many based on Kennedy’s plans Poverty relief, education aid, healthcare, voting rights,
conservation, urban renewal, econ development in poor areas
“…For in your time we have the opportunity to move not only toward the rich society and the powerful society, but toward the Great Society…”
Landslide victory over B. Goldwater in ‘64 = 2nd term Daisy campaign commercial
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDTBnsqxZ3k
LBJ AND “THE GREAT SOCIETY”
War on Poverty Head Start Volunteers in Service to America
Medicare and Medicaid Immigration Reform Effects?
First very popular then promises couldn’t be kept Race riots Vietnam and increasing military spending
THE WARREN COURT
Many landmark S.C. decision during K/J years Roth v. U.S. – obscene materials Engel v. Vitale – no prayer in schools Griswold v. Connecticut – ok’s birth control Mapp v. Ohio – no illegally obtained evidence Gideon v. Wainright – free legal counsel Miranda v. Arizona – Miranda rights Baker v. Carr – One man, one vote
FOREIGN POLICY DURING EARLY 60’S Bay of Pigs – Apr. 17, 1961
1959 Castro and Communists take power in Cuba Backed by Soviets, U.S. plans CIA take-over Massive failure: U.S. appears devious, dishonest, AND
incompetent Aug. 1961 Berlin Wall – Soviets build it, U.S. posturing
and mobilization Cuban Missile Crisis – 1962
Spy plane photos reveal Soviet missiles on Cuba Standoff ensues 13 days of tension 4 options: 1)Negotiate 2) Invade 3)Blockade 4)Bomb Kennedy asks advisors then debates alone… TV speech: “…The cost of freedom is always high – and
Americans have always paid it. And one path we shall never choose, and that is the path of surrender or submission…”
FOREIGN POLICY DURING EARLY 60’S
Limited Test Ban Treaty Alliance for Progress Peace Corps Dominican Republic – U.S. helps stop
revolution Vietnam – LBJ huge believer in Domino
Theory First slow, then massive buildup of “advisors”
then troops
1960’S AN ERA OF ACTIVISM
Women’s Movement Feminism dates to 1895 Education and Employment
Women paid 59 cents /dollar Impact of Civil Rights Movement
Provided “how-to” achieve change 1964 Civil Rights Act – some segregationist
Congressmen added “sex” to list of qualifiers – thinking it would be ridiculous and no one would vote for it
Betty Friedan (Feminine Mystique) and N.O.W. Roe v. Wade 1973 – personal right to privacy and
woman’s right to choose Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) – never ratified
1960’S AN ERA OF ACTIVISM Ethnic Minorities Seek Equality
Latinos: United Farm Workers (UFW) and Cesar Chavez Migrant farm workers – some of most exploited
Asian Americans Japanese after WWII – Japanese American Citizens League
(JACL) Wage discrimination and representation in Congress
Native Americans Land Claims American Indian Movement (AIM) – autonomy and natural
resoures Protests at Mount Rushmore, Alcatraz Island and Wounded Knee
1960’S: ENVIRONMENTAL AND CONSUMER PROTECTION MOVEMENTS
Environmental Movement Rachel Carson and Silent Spring – 1962 Demand honesty and accountability from Gov. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC),
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) – others pg. 784 chart
Consumer Movement Ralph Nader – automobile safety – seat belts!!
Speed limits!!
COUNTERCULTURE Younger generation’s response to conformity of the 50’s.
Rejection of values, appearance, attitudes – EVERYTHING!!!!
Man in grey flannel suit vs. Woodstock hippies Counterculture values: youth, spontaneity, individuality
(all “Beat Generation” inspired) Baby boom = huge student population – music, fashion
all catered to #s Sexual Revolution – rejection of traditional expectations
and attitudes (family/procreation) The Drug Scene – psychedelic and hallucinagenic
Marijuana widespread, LSD to “free the mind” Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison, Jimi hendrix – all overdose and die
MUSIC
A reflection and a catalyst of culture “Folk” music – protest songs: (oppression of all types)
songs of laborers, sailors, railroadmen, slavery songs 1964 – “British Invasion” – Beatles first U.S. tour
Rolling Stones, Janis Joplin as well Woodstock: Bethel, NY Aug. 1969 – 400,000 people
No drug enforcement, relatively peaceful 4 days Altamont: the other side of Woodstock
Dec. 1969 California 300,000 Rolling Stones: not enough security, Stones hire Hell’s Angels 1 guy beaten to death, era of “peace and love” shattered
Despite celebration of “simple lifestyle” most hippies were comfortable, middle class kids
LOOK AT TIMELINE THE VIETNAM WAR
Vietnamese History – nearly 2,000 years of invaders, Imperial wars – Nationalism!!!
Vietnam divided post WWII @ Geneva Convention
Domino Theory Escalation 7 Presidents 10 Year “Police Action” Divided nation as much or more than Civil
War First “living-room” war