K-92

Clark's Conveniency

Architectural Survey File

This is the architectural survey file for this MIHP record. The survey file is organized reverse-

chronological (that is, with the latest material on top). It contains all MIHP inventory forms, National

Register nomination forms, determinations of eligibility (DOE) forms, and accompanying documentation

such as photographs and maps.

Users should be aware that additional undigitized material about this property may be found in on-site

architectural reports, copies of HABS/HAER or other documentation, drawings, and the “vertical files” at

the MHT Library in Crownsville. The vertical files may include newspaper clippings, field notes, draft

versions of forms and architectural reports, photographs, maps, and drawings. Researchers who need a

thorough understanding of this property should plan to visit the MHT Library as part of their research

project; look at the MHT web site (mht.maryland.gov) for details about how to make an appointment.

All material is property of the Maryland Historical Trust.

Last Updated: 05-14-2004

K-92 Clark's Conveniency Pomona Private

18th Century

Clark's Conveniency is a three part brick building with central block: three bays wide, one and one-half stories high, and side wings. The entire house is one and one-half stories tall. The main house was probably constructed in the second quarter of the 18th century; the west wing soon after, and the last wing in 19S8.

Fl>rm No. 10-300 (Rev 10-741

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF IIlSTORIC PLACES INVENTORY·· NOMINATION FORM

FOR NP& USE ONLY

RECEIVED

DATE ENTERED

SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES -- COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS

0NAME HISTORIC

Clark's Conveniency AND/OR COMMON

f)LOCATION STREET• NUMBER 2 miles South of Pomona North Side of Quaker Neck Road _NOT FOR P'UBLICATION

CITY. TOWN

Pomona - VICINITY OF

CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT

First STATE

_Jjaryland CODE 24

DcLASSIFICATION

CATEGORY _DISTRICT

..XSUILDINGISI

_STRUCTURE

_SITE

_OBJECT

OWNERSHIP _PUBLIC

XPRIVATE

STATUS X_OCCUPIED

_UNOCCUPIED

-BOTH _WORK IN PROGRESS

PUBLIC ACQUISITION ACCESSIBLE _IN PROCESS -YES: RESTRICTED

_BEING CONSIDERED _YES UNRESTRICTED

>l.NO

DOWNER OF PROPERTY NAME

Mr. and Mrs. H. Norman Grieb STREET• NUMBER

Rt. 3 CITY. TOWN

Chestertown _ VICINITY OF

EILOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE. REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC. Kent County Courthouse STREET• NUMBER

CITY. TOWN

Chestertown

f:I REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE

DATE

COUNTY CODE Kent 029

PRESENT USE -AGRICULTURE

-COMMERCIAL

-EDUCATIONAL

-ENTERTAINMENT

_GOVEANMENT

_INDUSTRIAL

_MIUTAAY

STATE

Maryland

STATE

Maryland

_MUSEUM

_PARK

XX..RIVATt RESIDENCE

_RELIGIOUS

_SCIENTIFIC

_TRANSPORTATION

_OTHER:

_FEDERAL _STATE _COUNTY -LOCAL

DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS

CITY. TOWN STATE

IJ DESCRIPTION

-EXCELLENT

J(GOOD

_FAIR

CONDITION

_DETERIORATED

_RUINS

_UNEXPOSED

CHECK ONE

X-UNALTERED

-ALTERED

CHECK ONE

X,.ORIGINAL SITE

-MOVED DAT __ _

DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

On the north side of Quaker Neck Road, approximately two miles south of Pomona, Kent County, Maryland, is Clark's Conveniency. This one and one half story, early eighteenth century brick house is built in three sections, the main block and a wing on the east and west ends. Facing south, the center section is three bays wide with the entrance in the center bay. The six-panel door, a reproduction of the original, has a plain wood frame and four-light transom which is pegged. Above the transom is a wood lintel and key. The brick steps to the entrance have beveled edges. On each side of the door is a nine-over-nine light window, also with its original pegged frame. A lintel and key identical to that above the door surmounts each window.

The brick, painted white, is laid in Flemish bond. 'nle house has a molded brick water table and a simple box cornice. On the gable roof, covered with wood shingles, are three "A "-roofed dormers, one above each opening. At each end is a large, interior end chimney of brick wi;th pilasters.

The window and door arrangement on the north side of the main block is identical to that on the south. Below the two windows are small rectangular cellar windows above which are brick segmental arches. The molded brick water table rises above these windows. At the present time a screened porch extends across the north side. There is a shed-roofed dormer with four-over-four sash above each first story window. ·

The west wing, probably added later to the main house; is two bays wide. It has a door in the east bay with a recessed, three-light tran­som that 'may originally have been a window later converted to a door. A nine-over-six light window with its original pegged frame is in the west bay. Between the door and window an opening that may have been the original door has been bricked in. There are two shed-roofed dormer windows with two-over-two lights, one above each opening.

The west end is one room deep and has a large, pilastered, inside end chimney rising through the ridge. Near the south corner is a batten door retaining its original strap hinges and pegged frame.

On the north side of the west wing is a center door constructed of beaded vertical boards. Flanking it are nine-over-six light windows with original frames. Above the windows are shed dormers with six­over-six sash which were added in about 1958 to provide cross-ventilation to the upper floor.

The east wing was added around 1958 and blends very well with the older sections. It is also brick laid in Flemish bond and painted white. The south facade is two bays wide with a nine-over-six sash window in· each above which are shed-roofed dormers with six-over-six sash. The eye windows in the east end of the wing are those that were originally in the east end of the main section.

see continuation sheet 1

I ' -

For"' No 1~·300• l~av 10-741

UNITE() STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF IIlSTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM

Clark's Conveniency Kent County

CONTINUATION SHEET Maryland ITEM NUMBER

/{--9?-FOR NPS use ONLY

RECEIVED

DATE ENTERED

7 PAGE 1

The main house has two rooms. The west room has full paneling surrounding the fireplace on the west wall and wainscoting on the other walls. The slightly recessed chimney breast is flanked by the doorway into the west wing and a closet. The fireplace itself has been reduced in size but the paneling is original. Above the fireplace opening, the paneling is cut to form an arch. In the spandrels are triangular panels. Above the simple mantelpiece are six rectangular panels. At the far left of this wall five steps lead to an enclosed winding stair­way. A heavy wood cornice surrounds the room. Molded architraves trim the windows and doors. The window jambs and soffit are paneled. This room also retains its original floor.

The fireplace wall of the east room is identical to that of the west room except for the mantel trim. The fireplace opening, which also appears to have been decreased in size, is framed by a double­crossetted architrave. The closed string stairway at the far left of this wall has square balusters and a turned newel with a ball finial. The room has a heavy cornice and paneled wainscot but no paneling on the window jambs. On both the north and south walls next to the center partition are the exterior doors.

The second floor is divided into three rooms with beaded vertical board partitions and walls. The easternmost room has a fireplace and paneled wall. The paneling and fireplace in the west end were removed when a door was put through into the west wing. They were saved and placed in the east end of the east wing when it was constructed in 1958.

The old kitchen, in the west wing, has a huge brick fireplace on the west wall. Left of the fireplace is a batten door with its original iron strap hinges. The doorway into the hall is very low and the door is constructed of wide vertical boards and has a wood handle. The beams are exposed in the ceiling of the kitchen and also in the hall between the kitchen and the main house. The north end of this hall, orginally a shelved pantry, contains a modern kitchen which was installed in 1948-1949.

Several yards northwest of the kitchen is a log smokehouse with dovetailed corners. It has a gable roof covered with wood shingles and is in very poor condition. A Quaker graveyard with its unmarked head and foot stones lies between the smokehouse and the creek beyond.

I i..

II SIGNIFICANCE

PERIOD AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE·· CHECK ANO JUSTIFY BELOW

_PREHISTORIC -ARCHEULUl.iY-PREHISTORIC _COMMUNITY PLANNING _LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE -RELIGION

_1400-1499 _ARCHEOLOGY-HISTORIC _CONSERVATION _I.AW -SCIENCE

-1500-1599 _AGRICULTURE X..ECONOMICS _LITERATURE -SCULPTURE

-1800-1199 XARCHITECTURE -EDUCATION _MILITARY -SOCIAL/HUMANITARIAN

x.. 1700·1 719 _ART _ENGINEERING _MUSIC _THEATER

_1900.1199 _COMMERCE -EXPLORATION/SETTLEMENT _PHILOSOPHY _TRANSPORTATION

_1900. _COMMUNICATIONS _INDUSTRY _POLITICS/GOVERNMENT -OTHER ISPECIFYI

_INVENTION

SPECIFIC OATES BUILD.ER/ARCHITECT

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

Clark's Conveniency in Quaker Neck, Kent County, is representative of the houses built by the smaller but still prosperous planters of eighteenth-century tidewater Maryland.l Seeming small by today's stan­dards, its two-room, l 1/2-story main block with a kitchen wing including a hall, was actually a good-sized house, as the majority of planters' houses in the first three decades of the eighteenth century were one­room, 1 1/2-story structures.2

The house is a well-preserved one retaining much of its original woodwork and hardware. The twentieth century changes that have been made are in keeping with the period of the house and the work done was carefully copied from original examples extant in the structure. (see description).

The sloping set-backs of the chimneys on the main block are seen in several other buildings in Quaker Neck, specifically "The Reward."

The tract called Clark's Conveniency was patented for 196 acres as "Clarks Conveyance" in 1707 by Dennis Clark. There was no house on the land in that year. In 1732 the land was resurveyed by a William Clark, probably the son of Dennis, when it contained 154 acres. Clark sold half of this to Joseph Mason two years later for 3000 pounds of "merch­antable tobacco." Then in 1745, Clark was granted a second resurvey on the tract, this time for 362 acres.3

Aubrey C. Land, "The Planters of Colonial Maryland," Maryland Historical Magazine, LXVII (Spring, 1972), 116. Land divides the planter of colonial Maryland into three groups: (1) those with less than blOO in personalty, or paupers, (2) those worth in excess of blOOO, or the very wealthy, and (3) those inbetween, who ranged from prosperous to just short of the wealthiest. In the 1730's, which is about when Clark's Conveniency was built, 73% of the Maryland population were paupers, 2% were the wealthy, and the middle group from which the builders of Clark's Conveniency came, constituted 25% of the population.

2Land, pp. 122-123.

3Patent PL 2/311; Unpatented Certificate #57; Kent County Deed JS 18/91; and Unpatented Certificate #56; Hall of Records, Annapolis, Maryland.

see continuation sheet 2

F0tm No 1,P-300• l~ev 10·7'1

UNITl:.L> ST ATES DEPARTMENT Ol-" THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF IDSTORIC PLACES INVENTOR'¥ -- NOMINATION FORM

Clark's Conveniency Kent County

CONTINUATION SHEETMaryland ITEM NUMBER 8

FOR NPS use ONLY

RECEIVED

DATE ENTERED

PAGE 2

Also in 1745, John Clark, a carpenter, sold 196 acres (the original acreage) of Clark's Convenieucy to William Clark, Sr., planter, and Joseph Mason, carpenter. At this time, Clark and Mason were both already in possession of half shares of the tract. This deed was therefore probably made to make clear the title, boundaries, and acreage of the land which had become confused in the preceding property transferrals and resurveys.

A house is mentioned on the property in this 1745 deed, in­dicating that the present building was erected between 1707 and 1745. The construction probably occurred circa 1735 to 1745 as there is no mention of a house in the 1734 deed from Clark to

.Mason.

In 1749 and 1750, Clark and Mason both sold their half shares of Clark's Conveniency to Thomas Wilkins, a shipwright. In the Debt Books for Kent County, this land is owned by Wilkins in 1760, but by 1769, it is in the possession of Bartus Wilkins, probably his son. In 1769, Bartus petitioned the propietary to examine witnesses in an attempt to make clear the boundaries of Clark's Conveniency which had "become obsolete." No final decision was recorded, although the testimony of several men was taken down.5

Bartus Wilkins died in 1800 and left Clark's Conveniency to his son Bartus. The latter died eight years later, leaving the land to his brothers Thomas and Edward. Thomas died in 1~42 and his children sold the property out of the family in 1878.

The tract Clark's Conveniency was patented by a small planter and the house is typical of a prosperous planter's home. During the next several decades, however, it was owned by a

4Kent County Deeds JS25/228, Hall of Records.

5 Kent County Deeds JS26/280 and 459; Kent County Debt Books,

1760 and 1769; and Kent County Land Record DD3/178; Hall of Records.

6Kent County Wills 8/221, 9/20, and JFBl (12)/104; and Kent

County Deed DCB 4/397; Hall of Records

(See continuation sheet #3)

• '

Form folo 1&1-3001 1fiev 10- 741

UNITl:.O STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

FOR NPS use ONLY

RECEIVED

NATIONAL REGISTER OF IDSTORIC PLACES INVENTOR y -- NOMINATION FORM' ~D---AT..-E_EN_T_ER_E_O --------

Clark's Conveniency Kent County

CONTINUATION SHEET Maryland ITEM NUMBER 8

#8 - Significance

PAGE 3

succession of carpenters and shipwrights. This was probably due to the convenient location of the property six miles down the Chester River from Chestertown, the major eighteenth-century port on Maryland's Eastern Shore. By mid-century, the shipwright's trade in the Colonies was a substantial one, centered largely around the seaport towns, such as Chestertown.7 The shipbuilding industry went through alternating periods of boom and depression, and as in other businesses at this time, a man had to engage in more than one occupation to become truly prosperous.a

Thomas Wilkins, the owner of Clark's Conveniency from 1749 until the 1760's, was a shipwright and a planter. When he died in 1778, his inventory records that in addition to tar, turpentine, cypress shingles, oak shingles, and oak plank, he had four ploughs, two corn harrows, five broad hoes, two grubbing hoes, four pitchforks, two dung forks, and other farming implements.9 He was apparently successful economically as the total value of his estate came to over bl600. His prosperity is also reflected in the fact that he owned rather than leased his house. This was an indication of his success as only the more prosperous craftsmen were able to afford this.10

Clark's Conveniency is a well-preserved and cared for example of an eighteenth-century planter's home made unusual historically by its known association with the shipwright and carpenter trades.

7Arthur Pierce Middleton, Tobacco Coast, a Maritime Histor of Chesa~eake Bay in the Colonial Era Newport News, a.: he Mariners Museum, 1953), p. 234.

BThornas Jefferson Wertenbaker, The Old South (Reprint of 1942 ed.; New York: Cooper Square Publishers, Inc., 1963), p.239.

9Kent County Inventory 8/80, Hall of Records.

10wertenbaker, P.239.

(

. IJMAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES Primary Sources at the Hall of Records, Annapolis, Maryland

Kent County Inventories Land Records of Kent County (deeds, rent rolls, debt books) Probate Records of Kent County

IIi]GEOGRAPHICAL .DATA ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY ____ 6_0 ___ _ UTM REFERENCES

el..!&.] 1410,3!2,0,0( 14,J\lJ,2!4,7,oj ZONE EASTING NORTHING

ol..hl.J !410,2Js,o,ot l4,Jl312l9,310I VERBAL BOUNDARY DE.SCRIPTION

LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES

STATE CODE COUNTY CODE

STATE CODE COUNTY CODE

mFORM PREPARED BY NAME/TITLE

-----!mn-E._Jlill, Summer Intern, and Pamela James,. Research Assistant ORGANIZATION DATE

Maryland Historical Trust April 1975 STREET• NUMBER TELEPHONE

21 State Circle, The Shaw House CITY OR TOWN STATE

Annapolis. Marvland 21401

fESTATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER CERTIFICATION THE EVALUATED SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS PROPERTY WITHIN THE STATE IS:

NATIONAL_ STATE __ LOCAL_

As the designated State Historic Preservation Officer for the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Lew 89-665). I hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has been evelulted ~cording to the criteria end procedures set forth by the National Park Service.

ITATE HllTOIUC "RESERVATION OFFICER SIGNATURE

TITLE

R NPS USE ONLY I HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS PROPERTY IS INCLUDED IN THE NATIONAL REGISTER

DIRECTOR. OFFICE OF ARCHEOLOGY AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION • ATTEST:

KEEPER OF THE NATIONAL REGISTER

DATE

DATE.

DATE

... o ........ .

K-92

Clark's Conveniency Quaker Neck c.1750

In 1707, a 196 acre tract of land on Quaker Neck was granted to a

planter named Dennis Clark.1 It is located at the headwaters of Philip

Creek and was first known as Clark's Convenience. Over the years the

name has changed to Clark's Conveniency. The 1-112 story brick house

which exists on the property today is most likely the work of Thomas

Wilkins who purchased the tract in 1749-50.2

Wilkins was both a shipwright and planter and lived on the tract

until his death in 1769. At that time his property was appraised at @1600, an

enormous fortune in a period when a person worth@lOOO would have been

considered wealthy.

The house in which Thomas Wilkins lived is an extraordinary

example of vernacular architecture. It contains many masonry features

used in larger houses of the County such as the Reward, Violet Farm and

Comegy's Bight. Those include a molded water table which jogs up and over

the basement windows and sloped weatherings on the chimneys and withes,

those pilaster-like protrusions which divide the stack in two. The facade was

laid in Flemish bond and the arches over the 9/9 sash windows are

segmental. The principal facade arches of the central door and two flanking

windows are rusticated wooden jack arches with keystones and do not date

from the original construction. The fenestration of the kitchen wing has also

undergone change. Originally there was a central door with flanking

windows on its principal facade.

Clark's Conveniency was built as a hall-parlor plan and was very

well finished. Both hall and parlor had fully paneled fireplace walls. The

paneling in each case was recessed from the face of the adjoining closets and

stair by about 6 inches (similar to the treatment at Dullam's Folly in the

upper part of the County). Paneled wainscoting was installed in the hall

and all four first floor windows had paneled jambs with trim that tied into

the cornice, like those at the Custom House.

The overmantel panel arrangement was the same in both rooms, but

the hall fireplace opening was rectangular and trimmed with crossetted

trim, whereas the parlor fireplace opening was arched with small

triangular panels within the rectangular panels. The former was like that

found at neighboring Providence (1781) and the latter more like that at

Violet Farm (1762) and Rose Hill (c.1760). In both rooms the stairs are

partially enclosed having five steps within the room before running behind

the paneling. In both instances there is a handsome balustrade with turned

columnar newels with ball finials.

On the second floor there are three small chambers, two with

fireplaces and paneling. The middle chamber being divided from the others

by vertical boards.

The kitchen wing was at ground level and probably had a brick floor

when built. Its plan consisted of a passage, pantry and kitchen, all divided

by board walls. In the kitchen there was a very large fireplace with iron

crane. On the north side of the building there was a dove-tailed plank

smokehouse which has disappeared along with other original outbuildings.

3

Clark's Conveniency is on the National Register.

1. Patents, Lib. PL 2, fol. 311.

2. Land Records, Lib. JS 26, fol. 280, 459.

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i. sTATE Maryland couNTY Kent Cowity TOWN Quaker Neck1c1N1TY STREET NO.

ORIGINAL OWNER ORIGINAL USE Dwelling PRESENT owN ER lrlr. & Mrs. PRESENT USE Dwelling wALL coNsTRucT10N Brick NO. OF STORIES 1-1/2

Norman Greib

HISTORIC AMERICAt~ BUILDINGS SURVEY

INVE~HORY K-92

2. NAME Clarke• s Conveniency

DATE OR PERIOD 18th Century s TYL E Colonial ARCHITECT BUILD ER

3. FOR LIBRARY OF CONGRESS USE

4. NOTABLE FEATURES, HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND DESCRIPTION OPEN TO PUBLIC

Clarke's Conveniency is a 1-1/2 story brick dwelling located on Quaker Neck in Kent County. It has a basement and molded water-table and the facade of the house is laid in Flemish bond. The central portion is three bays long. There is an old three-bay wing to the south and a new three-bay wing to the north of the main house. The entire structure is 1-1/2 stories with the wings being slightly lower. The central door is panelled and has a transom and a wood lintel and keystone to simulate masonary, as do the windows which have 12 over 12 sash and louvered shutters. There is a simple box cornice with moldings on the entire structure. Above the main portion are three pedimented dormers with 2 over 2 sash. Each wing has two flat headed dormers. The dwelling is in good repair and has some fine panelling with the main section. The chimneys of the main portion have sloping set-backs as also several other buildings on Quaker Neck, namely, "The Reward."

5. PHYSICAL CONDITION OF ~TRUCTURE Endangered

~ 6. LOCATION MAP (Pion Optia'lal)

3. PUBLISHED SOURCES (Author, Title, Pages)

INTERVIEWS, RECORDS, PHOTOS, ETC.

Interior Exterior

7. PHOTOGRAPH 9. NAME, ADDRESS AND. TITLE OF RECORDER

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CLARK'S CONVENIENCY Kent cou.nty Maryland Title Search . , . , n1~1·"70.-;)-- 1.'.<'-+,1:,'-r ,,;.'1fl, -,'/) 1-1. "1/-1·/'·i,1/J-tf--.1111 :'~;'! Gnfb "'1 ./ f I "/I . -- I: ( I ~ J J ' ..... , /.. IV{ , . I' (, ''

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8/7/1945 W. larke and Marian T. Grieb

11/13/1919 Deed APR

5/513

10/31/1878 Deed DCB

4/397

1/15/1842 Will JFB 1

1/104

3/22/1808 Will 9/20

4/3/1804 Will 8/221

6/26/1769 Land Petition DD 3/178

1769 Kent Co. Debt Book

1760 Kent Co. Debt Book

3/22/1750 Deed JS

26/459

1/3/1749 Deed JS 26/280

from James c. and Margaret s. Stoops 263.18 acres

James c. Stoops from Joseph Biddle and Mary Lelia Hassinger

263.18 acres

Joseph H. Hassinger from Joseph Thomas Wilkins, Maria E. Wilkins, and J. Clarence and Anna G. Hopkins

274 acres

William H. J. Wilkins from Thomas Wilkins, his father

"all my real estate in Quaker Neck"

Thomas Wilkins and Edward Wilkins from Bartus Wilkins, their brother

"all my real estate"

Bartus Wilkins from Bartus Wilkins, his father

"all those several parts of tracts • • . being the farm or plantation whereoI now dwell"

Bartus Wilkins "hath set forth that he is seized in fee simple of a part of two tracts of land in the county, one called the relief, the other Clarkes Conveniency"

Bartus Wilkins part Clark's Conveniency, 153 3/4 acres etc.

Thomas Wilkins ~t Clarks Conveniency, 153 3/4 acres

Thomas Wilkins from William Clark

76 3/4 acres, Clarks Conveniency

Thomas Wilkins from Joseph Mason

77 acres, Clark's Conveniency

continued

I

page two

Title Search, Clark's Conveniency

4/29/1745 Deed JS

25/228

11/2/1745 Unpatented Certificate #56

1/14/1734 Deed JS

18/91

9/19/1732 Unpatented Certificate #57

10/10/1707 Patent PL

2/311

William Clark, Sr., and Joseph Mason from John Clark

196 acres Clarks Convenience

William Clark 196 acres, Clark's Conveniency

Joseph Mason from William Clark

77 acres, Clarks Conveniency

William Clark 154 acres, Clark's Conveniency

Dennis Clark 196 acres, Clarks Conveyance

Pamela James, Research Assistant Maryland Historical Trust 21 State Circle Annapolis, Maryland 21401

April 1975

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