jute mou between international seminar on · boost to the export of handicrafts as a development...

Jute MOU between India & Bangladesh Jute MOU between India & Bangladesh

A centre of design excellence National Center for Design and Product Development

Dec 2011 Vol.3 Issue 3New Delhi, India NCDPD OFFICIAL NEWSLETTER

Shri S.S. Gupta, Development Commissioner (Handicrafts)

Ministry of Textiles

receiving the Gold Medal for Display

from Shri Rahul Khullar

Commerce Secretary, Govt. of India

Thematic Display of Indian Handicrafts

bags Gold Medal at IITF 2011

International

Seminar Seminar onon

Glassware

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www.ncdpd.com www.handicraftdesignbank.com www.bcdi.in

NCDPD DESIGN NEWS DEC 2011 NEW DELHI02

DESIGN NEWSEDITORIAL BOARD

Editorial ChairmanRakesh Kumar

Editorial AdvisorR.K. Srivastava

EditorPJ Aranador

Special CorrespondentMd. Khalid Perwez

Senior CorrespondentGris Chandra

CorrespondentManasi Mishra

Graphics & Lay-out DesignerAmit Kumar

CirculationKavita & Amla

PublisherNCDPD

Conceptualised & Designed by NCDPDNew Delhi, India 2011

NCDPD DESIGN NEWS DEC 2011 NEW DELHI 03

Thematic Display of Indian handicrafts, 'Magic of National Centre for Design and Product Gifted Hands' set up by Ministry of Textiles at IITF Development (NCDPD) & Export Promotion 2011 bagged a Gold Medal in a display contest Council for Handicrafts (EPCH) jointly held these held at IITF 2011. This was announced during an p r o g r a m m e s w i t h t h e s u p p o r t a n d award ceremony organised c o l l a b o r a t i o n o f by India Trade Promotion D e v e l o p m e n t Organisation (ITPO) at the C o m m i s s i o n e r Shakuntalam Theatre, (Handicrafts) and Ministry P r a g a t i M a i d a n o n of Textiles. Handicrafts November 27, 2011. The exporters from across the award was presented by Dr. country were given an Rahul Khullar, Secretary, opportunity through these Commerce , Govt. of India to programames to display the Ministry of Textiles and received products they export and interact by Development Commissioner directly with foreign buyers, (Handicraft) Shri S.S. Gupta. manufacturers, traders, artisans etc. A

total of 50 exporters were given space A masterwork jointly developed by

at BSM with the aim of providing a National Centre for Design and Product

boost to the export of handicrafts as a Development (NCDPD) and Export

part of the Buyer Seller meet. A specific Promotion Council for Handicrafts

number of exporters from Rajasthan were (EPCH), the Thematic Display of Indian

also given a special opportunity and space at handicrafts, 'Magic of Gifted Hands', was an

the Buyer-Seller meet.effort to showcase the diversity, strength and inherent beauty of the Indian The Craft Exchange Program while allowing h a n d i c r a f t s t o v a s t n a t i o n a l a n d artisans / craft persons to discuss in detail international audience. The display had between themselves, the knowledge and been inaugurated on the 14th the art involved in the different crafts N o v e m b e r , 2 0 1 1 b y U n i o n also enabled them to directly interact Commerce, Industry and Textiles with the overseas buyers and Minister Anand Sharma. consumers and show them live

demonstration of the processing of The thematic display consisted of

the crafts. 22 master crafts persons programmes which included Craft

from all over the country and 5 Sri Exchange Programme, Theme

Lankan crafts persons participated Pavilions, Buyer-Seller Congregation

in the Craft Exchange Program.and International Seminar. The

Thematic Display of Indian Handicrafts bags Gold Medal at IITF 2011

IITF 2011

Gold Medal for Thematic Display

In consonance with the theme of India International Trade Fair, 2011, 'Handicrafts', a Thematic Display of Indian Handicrafts: The Magic of Gifted Hands and a Craft Exchange Program were initiatives undertaken by the National Centre for Design and Product Development with the support of Development Commissioner(Handicrafts), to project Indian handicrafts in the niche local market.

Thematic Display of

Indian Handicrafts: Magic of Gifted Hands Indian Handicrafts: Magic of Gifted Hands Indian Handicrafts: Magic of Gifted Hands and Craft Exchange Program and Craft Exchange Program and Craft Exchange Program

at the India International Trade Fair, 2011

• First ever thematic display of Indian handicrafts at IITF

• Live demonstration by 19 Indian master craft persons

• Live demonstration and display of products by 5 Sri Lankan artisans

• Exquisite display of Indian handicrafts

• Inaugurated by Mr. Anand Sharma, Minister for Commerce, Industry and Textiles, Govt. of India

• Visited and appreciated by Tmt. Panabaaka Lakshmi, Minister of State for Textiles and Parliamentary Standing Committee

• Awarded Gold Medal for Best Display


Thematic Display Indian Handicrafts at IITF-2011

Theme Pavilion

The Objective:

The Theme Pavilion featured an exclusive showcase of handicrafts from various regions and craft clusters in India, presenting the vast spectrum of creativity & diversity inherent in this industry. From Jammu & Kashmir down to Karnataka and Kerala, the mere diversity of the Indian handicrafts is breathtaking and awe inspiring.

From wood to stone to metal to leather to fabric, it encompassed all media and provides a rich and colourful world of handicraft products filled with immense beauty and exquisite designs, teamed with modern techniques to suit contemporary lifestyles. This platform of the India International Trade Fair (IITF) was utilized to increase the visibility and strength of Indian handicrafts as well as to help promote the cause of this sector through forward and backward linkages.

Showcasing the range & medley to a larger audience• Thrust to boost the export share of Indian handicrafts in the

world market• Opportunity to artisans / craftsmen & small manufacturers for

better market linkages• Direct connectivity of buyers to producer groups• Outreach to large number of consumers/visitors to IITF

On display were Houseware, Decoratives & Gifts; Home Textiles,Furnishing, Floor Coverings & Accessories for Curtains; Furniture & Home Accessories; Fashion Jewellery, Accessories & Bags; Christmas, Decoration, Candles & Incense Sticks; Cane, Bamboo & Eco-Friendly Products, etc.

NCDPD DESIGN NEWS DEC 2011 NEW DELHINCDPD DESIGN NEWS DEC 2011 NEW DELHI 05

Craft Exchange ProgramThe Craft Exchange Program facilitated sharing of techniques, designs, patterns, processing, finishing, etc. between the craft persons from clusters in India and Sri Lanka. The program facilitated detailed discussions as well as demonstration of techniques. The program also enabled craftsmen / artisans to directly interact with overseas buyers as well as consumers and show them live demonstration of the processing of various crafts.19 master craft persons, all of which are national or state awardees, from across the country displayed products and gave live demonstration of different crafts such as Wood Carving & Inlay, Kantha Stitch, Phulkari, Hand Block Printing, Kundan Jewellery, Mithila Printing, Banarasi Brocade.

Further, 5 craft persons from Sri Lanka displayed their products and gave live demonstration of their work at the Craft Exchange Program. This included Wooden sculpture, Bobbin lace, Metal casting, Lacquer ware, Rush and reed ware.

Buyer-seller meetThe Buyer Seller Meet organised as part

of the thematic display, provided a distinct platform to retailers and

exporters. A total of 54 exporters were given space at the pavilion with the aim of providing an opportunity to display

products of export and interact directly with foreign buyers, manufacturers,

traders, artisans, etc.Here, a special focus on Rajasthan had a specific number of exporters from this

state, displaying their wares to a national as well as international clientele. Overall,

the exporters received a positive response from buyers and secured a number of orders for their products.

19 19 Master Master

C r a f t P e r s o n sC r a f t P e r s o n s

5454ExportersExportersNational and

National and State AwardeesState Awardees



Three international seminars were organized on 15th, 16th and 19th November, 2011, to spread awareness on the current issues concerning the Indian handicrafts industry and to suggest measures to meet the challenges. Some of the panelists included Mr. Iqbal Perwaiz, senior consultant, retail marketing; Mr. Sanjeev Agarwal, Country Head, Edelman Asia Ltd.; Dr. R K Wadhwa, Professor IIFT; Mr. K K Jindal, Expert-International Banking & Financing; Mr. Ener Baloloy, Design Director-NCDPD; Ms. Cora Goetemann, Senior Faculty, Pearl Academy of Fashion; Mr. Rudy Rivera, Intl. Designer, NCDPD; Ms Bindoo Ranjan from National Institute of Design; Dr. R K Wadhwa, Professor IIFT; and Mrs. Mridula Lall, Country Manager, Lindex, Seppala. The seminars provided a platform for exchange of ideas & learning to the artisans, exporters, buyers and experts in the industry.

Indian Handicrafts: Challenges

in Marketing

• Capitalising on the strength of Tradition and varied art forms

• Meeting the challenges in developing a “connect' of Tradition with modernity

• Opportunities and threats

• Export marketing: Challenges ahead and how to overcome them

• Tapping new markets

• Successful participation in trade fairs

• Organized retailing in India: Potential unlimited for the handicraft sector

• Developing a cutting edge : Reorienting the production parameters, raw material usage and costing

International Seminars



Design and Product Development

• Trends in product design

• Development of new designs overseas and their impact on India

• Challenges in training Indian Artisans

• Keeping the arts intact while exploring new design ideas

• Creation of cost effective designs for low budget handicrafts : Known value items (KVIs vs Specialities)

• Need for fashion forecasts; WGSN

• Challenges of application and sourcing of new material in design and product development

Increasing competitiveness of

Indian Handicrafts

• Current status of quality compliance and standards in Indian Handicraft Sector

• Need for international standards and quality compliance

• Efforts required to implement international standards and quality compliance in the Indian handicraft sector

• Challenges in implementing international standards and quality compliance

• Standards and quality control pertaining to Product, Workplace, Environment and Fair trade practices



National Centre for

Design & Product

Development (NCDPD) in

association with

Export Promotion Council for

Handicrafts (EPCH) organized

an International Seminar on

Inclusive development of

Firozabad Glass Art ware

Industry and the adoption of

advanced technology and

design innovations at

Radisson Hotel at Agra th thfrom 27 – 28 Aug 2011

The seminar was organised to give a direction to setting up of a complete roadmap for the future development of Firozabad glass industry with a focus on new technology, development of skill sets, better raw material composition and setting up of a glass Training School.

International Seminar on Inclusive Development of Firozabad Glass Art Ware Industry Adoption of Advanced Technology & Design Innovations

The seminar had special attendance of five international experts from the field of glass art ware from Czech Republic who shared their expertise and exposed the cluster representatives to the cutting edge technology being used by world famous Czech glass industry. Besides International experts the seminar was also attended by DC Handicraft, Co-Chairman NCDPD, Chairman EPCH, ED EPCH who all addressed the audience in the inaugural session.

International Seminar on Glass Art Ware Industry


The seminar was inaugurated jointly by Co- In the opening session, addressing the Chairman NCDPD, ED EPCH, Director, O/o DC(H) audience which comprised entrepreneurs, Ministry of Textiles, Director, MSME and other artisans and crafts persons as well as many leading dignitaries from the glass industry. other representing the glass art ware industry, R

K Passi, Co Chairman NCDPD, said that The international experts from Czech Republic Firozabad has good export potential and this Miroslav SYNEK, Vladimir LAZNICKA , Ms. Lucie initiative to give a fillip to the trade was initiated Frommelova , Zdenk Kunc and Rony PLESL by Smt. Rita Menon, Secretary, Textiles. He also spoke on glass design and product said that in the past two days these experts development, improvement of glass melting thhave visited Firozabad cluster. “In the 12 Five technology, present situation of glass tableware Year Plan an Advance Glass Training Institute in manufacturing in Czech Republic, hot working Firozabad has been decided to be set up by the of glass and glass painting and decorating government” he added.

The Seminar opened with a technical session by RK Srivastava, Executive Director, NCDPD, Vladmir Laznicka on improvement of the glass informed audience during the opening session melting industry along with a film on Firozabad that the genesis of the seminar lay in the visit by glass cluster and the need for development in DC Handicraft to the cluster who realized that the cluster.



the cluster needed intervention to make it cost effective and more modern so as to be competitive in the world market. Later on, a trip to Czech Republic led by Secretary, Textiles and comprising DC, Handicraft, ED EPCH, ED NCDPD and host of industry representatives took place which made them realize the importance of technology transfer and other benchmarking glass making practices for Firozabad cluster.

ED EPCH Rakesh Kumar, in his address, expressed the need for development of the cluster and hoped that the efforts such as this will go a long way in real and inclusive development of the sector. He informed that there are 7 million artisans employed

all over the country in the Indian Handicrafts industry. He also said that the raw material needed for the industry is all indigenous, the strength of the industry. He said that initially before taking the trip to Czech Republic , in a delegation which comprised of Secretary textiles, we were of the view that Czech Republic would not like to share their knowledge with us, as glass industry is their culture. However, their coming here for a two-day seminar to share their expertise is an achievement in itself. He exhorted that in the globalised world today, we can achieve more if we more together.The Commercial Counselor of Czech Embassy, India Joseph Muller, was also present at the seminar and he

said that Czech republic was synonymous for glass industry and informed that an exhibition of the Czech glass ware will be organised in Oct this year in India.

Shri Rohit Bhardwaj , Director, Office of Development commissioner ( Handicraft ) Ministry Textiles, said in his address that the government takes the cluster very seriously and assured that collaboration with Czech will bring a lot of benefit to the industry. He said that technology transfer is the top most in our mind and we will make available the latest technology at the doorstep of the Firozabad cluster.



Mr. R. K. Srivastava said that this seminar was an opportunity for industry representatives to learn from the masters in the glass art ware field. The distinguished panel of five international experts from Czech Republic with proven credibility in different areas of glass technology interacted and shared their experience in the areas of their expertise and put forward their ideas in brainstorming sessions as well as in the one to one meeting with the industry. He asked industry people to come forward and interact with these masters to get the benefit of the seminar. Mr Srivastava also said that there are many schemes by DC Handicraft which are not being used by the people because of lack of initiative by the cluster to use the means available.

The Firozabad glass industry has witnessed robust growth in the last ten years. However, there exists a large gap between the industry in Firozabad and those in countries such as Czech Republic & Vienna. Therefore, the challenge is to study the gap and find out how value addition can be undertaken keeping

the global benchmark in the mind. The technology is one of the key areas where potential development and collaboration can take place that would lead to development in design and skill sets

The five international experts from Czech Republic with proven credibility in different areas of glass technology interacted with the participants viz. budding entrepreneurs, manufacturers, exporters and artisans / craftsmen in various technical sessions spread over two days. They shared their experience in the areas of their expertise and put forward their ideas in brainstorming sessions as well as in the one to one meeting with the industry. The two-day conference concluded on the second day with detailed and lively presentations on the various facets of glass making and one to one interaction and question hour session.



The experts on the concluding day explained how to make the sampling cost effective using mobile pot furnaces and wooden mould. They informed the audience that the wood used in Czech Republic for mould is of trees such as beeach and pear and they explained how to improve the behavior of the wooden mould. They also elaborated upon the questions on annealing (cooling) with less degree of breakage. The experts also spoke on glass design and product development.

A faculty from NID Ahmedabad Neelima Hasihja, who teaches ceramic design in NID, also presented Indian and NID's concept of design. She said that the objective of NID is development through design. She informed how NID has been associated with Firozabad cluster in improving design as aspect of the cluster

Pradeep Kumar Director MSME Agra in the second day concluded the seminar with his remarks expressing appreciation for conducting such seminar with the help of international experts which will go a long way in taking the cluster towards modern technology and better design.

The Firozabad glass industry has witnessed robust growth in the last ten years. However, there exists a large gap between the industry in Firozabad and those in

countries such as Czech Republic & Vienna. Therefore, the challenge is to study the gap and find out how value addition can be undertaken keeping the global benchmark in mind. The technology is one of the key areas where potential development and collaboration can take place that would lead to development of design and skill sets.



The Firozabad glass industry has witnessed robust growth in the last ten years. However, there exists a large gap between the industry in Firozabad and in the countries such as Czech Republic & Vienna.

Therefore, the challenge was to study the gap and find out how value addition can be undertaken keeping the global benchmark in the mind.

The technology is one of the key areas where potential development and collaboration can take place that would lead to development in design and skill sets

A complete roadmap for the future development of Firozabad glass industry with a focus on new technology, development of skill sets, better raw material composition and setting up of a glass Training School.

Critical Issues discussed at Seminar Critical Issues discussed at Seminar


Ÿ Present bottlenecks in the areas of the technology (furnace designing & production process) and

the suggested measures for their improvement.

Ÿ Batch mixing & batch preparations (upgrading the raw materials)

Ÿ Design & Product Development

Ÿ Technology for the manufacturing of Crystals glasses and their compositions: melting, fining,

decolorizing

Ÿ Glass design and product development

Ÿ I m p r o v e m e n t o f g l a s s melting.

Ÿ Technology (pot & tank

furnaces)

Ÿ Glass decorating techniques

Ÿ Glass cutting, Engraving

and Polishing Techniques

Ÿ Production of value added

Glass Artware


Miroslav SYNEkPresent situation of glass tableware manufacturing in Czech Republic

Vladimir LAZNICKAImprovement of the glass melting technology

Rony PLESLGlass design and product development

Lucie FROEMMELOVAGLASS PAINTING AND DECORATING

Zdenek KUNC Hot Working of Glass

THE TOPICS OF THEIR PRESENTATIONS WERE AS FOLLOWS :




GLASS TECHNOLOGY GLASS UNITS

PRODUCTION

There are problems with design and lay out of the The professional assistance is especially needed in factories in Firozabad resulting in the wastage of the fields such as glass quality, energy (gas, time, energy and material. In the batch preparation electricity) needed for the production of glass, the a very primitive method is being used which results individual sections of the glassmaking process, in poor quality of the glasswork. production technologies, the working conditions

and the environmental impact. Firozabad glassworks prefer to use round pot The working conditions in Firozabad glassworks are furnaces with closed pots, a concept abandoned in appalling giving probably rise to an important Eu ro p e m a ny ye a r s b e c a u s e o f h i g h e r migration of the work force. This process results in the consumption of heat per kg of molten glass, short loss of skills and increased production and economic life of pots that cannot be preheated properly, losses. Minimum attention is paid to the environment longer melting times, etc. An attempt should be and waste management. The increased production is made to extend the life of closed pots by subjecting not compensated by more intense activities in these them to a proper heat treatment before glass fields.melting.

The manual production of large quantities of articles There is an obvious trend towards smaller single-has no prospects in the long run; the production of art pot or twin-pot furnaces in the developed world ware must be improved and aimed at the production which are easier to operate, flexible and heat-of small number of products possessing excellent efficient. Good designs of such furnaces can be design and a high value addition; more automatic obtained from countries with a long tradition in production lines should be introduced. In my glass melting (Czech Republic, Italy, Germany, etc.).opinion, more attention should be paid to the identification of good designers with deep

In Firozabad, the moils are separated from blown understanding of the Indian culture and with a glassware with the aid of hot electric wired. The rim futuristic artistic vision. The emphasis should be put after the moil removal is rather uneven, which on the production of handmade glass of simple requires considerable time during its finishing by shapes decorated by a variety of cold-end techniques edge grinding. I recommend moil removal by semi- (some inspiration can be obtained by looking at automatic edge-finishing machine or moil removal Firozabad bangles). On the other hand, machine-with the aid of a diamond saw. made decorative items should exhibit attractive and

appealing designs.

Recommendations from Experts for The Improvement of Firozabad Glass Artware Industry


Jute development and economic growth:

initiative by NCDPD and IJSG

Jute is today's fashion fibre. The

products made out of jute are

very much in vogue. There is an

i m m e n s e d i v e r s i t y i n t h e

products made out of jute. The

possibility of innovation in

design and development in the

products made out of jute is far

more today because of adoption

of newer technology in this field.

With the help of technological

s u p p o r t a n d g o v e r n m e n t

developmental efforts, jute has

entered into several applications

c r e a t i n g e m p l o y m e n t f o r

s u s t a i n a b l e h u m a n

development. In fact, there have

b e e n m a n y i n i t i a t i v e s

undertaken by NCDPD also, to

find new, innovative and better

ways to promote product design

a n d d e v e l o p m e n t i n j u t e.

From the NCDPD, S.S Gupta, Chairman, NCDPD subcontinent. She also said that establishment & Development Commissioner (Handicrafts) of better infrastructure of the jute sector would and Bhupendra Singh, Secretary General, IJSG lead to sustainable developmental which is the from the IJSG were signatories to the MOU. need of the hour.

Menon, who is also Chairperson of IJSG, Through this MOU, IGSJ will provide support appreciated the efforts of these two towards development of new /attractive organisations and said at this occasion that designs and products through human more such initiatives should be made to resources development / advanced training enhance the promotion of Jute industry in the p ro g r a m m e s fo r t h e e n t re p re n e u r s /

Jute MOU between India & Bangladesh for sustainable employment in sub continent

In the presence of Rita Menon, Secretary, Textiles, Government of India, a memorandum of understanding (MOU) was signed between National Centre for Design and Product Development (NCDPD) and International Jute Study Group (IJSG), Bangladesh, set up by UNCTAD, on collaboration and coordination between these two organisations for enhancing product and design development in jute sector that will enhance sustainable value-based employment in both India and Bangladesh. The MOU was inked at Udyog Bhawan, New Delhi on July 29, 2011.

Jute MOU between India & Bangladesh


exporters/artisans etc. of diversified jute sector, whereas NCPD will make available the necessary designers, experts for development and implementation of joint activities in the field of jute, kenaf and other natural fibres sectors.

The MOU shall endeavor to strengthen the collaborative research and design training activities on sustainable employment and livelihood opportunities and promote exchange of information through workshops, meetings and publications relating to jute, kenaf and allied fibres. The association shall further benefit other 30 member countries also.

The MOU recognizes IJSG's broader role in global networking and supporting activities in Jute, Kenaf and Allied fibre production, genetic resources, socioeconomic issues, information and human resource development, product manufacturing, marketing and processing which can complement the activities that NCDPD undertakes in the area of the generation of sustainable employment and livelihood opportunities through its design intervention and product development using natural fibres apart from other media. Therefore, NCDPD and IJSG, through this MOU, will collaborate in ensuring that interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary activities are well coordinated to achieve greatest positive impact on the development of the sector in India. NCDPD will work with, support and complement IJSG in its work on social, economic and environmental aspects of jute and allied fibres.



IJSG is an intergovernmental responsibility to set policy and i n t e r g o v e r n m e n t a l , body set up under the aegis of develop a strategic plan for governmental and non-UNCTAD to function as the I J S G ; w h i c h e s t a b l i s h e s governmental organizations, International Commodity committees to aid in its research and development Body (ICB) for Jute, Kenaf and functions and activities and organizations, industries/mills, Allied Fibres. IJSG, the legal assess progress of the group entrepreneurs, associations, successor to the International a n d r e p o r t t o m e m b e r and traders, the coordination Jute Organisation (IJO), was countries and donors. and support of strategic and

a d a p t i v e r e s e a r c h a n d development of jute, kenaf and allied fibres resources to improve the well-being of producers and users within the context of a sustainable jute, kenaf and all ied fibres resource base, with activities in the areas of cultivation, use of genetic resources, processing and conversion, innovation and dissemination of new technologies, processes and

established on 27 April 2002, w i t h t h e m a n d a t e f o r sustainable development of t h e g l o b a l j u t e s e c t o r incorporating a larger role for the private sector and focusing on development of new a p p l i c a t i o n s / u s a g e , c o m m e r c i a l i z a t i o n a n d poverty alleviation.

IJSG is governed by its apex body: the Council composed of the delegates of the 30 M e m b e r C o u n t r i e s v i z .

IJSG undertakes, through a products, economic and social Bangladesh, India, Switzerland wo r l d w i d e n e t wo r k o f d e v e l o p m e n t , a n d and the European Union with

information dissemination i t s 2 7 m e m b e r s t a t e s , and technology transfer.e n t r u s t e d w i t h t h e

International Jute Study

Group (IJSG)



History of Jute in Indian Subcontinent

Jute has a long connection with Indian plants to abstract paper also. Jute trading started subcontinent. Due to its versatility, it has got in India between 17th to 20th century with a multi utility in textile and non textile industries, team of delegation sent by East India Company packaging, construction and agricultural sector. by British Empire. Initially the delegation started During the medieval period in India jute was used trading raw jute. as clothing for the poor and as ropes and The first jute mill

in India was set twines for different domestic household up in early 20th applications. In China,century by

the paper manufacturers Margaret Donnelly in Dundee. The first used jute shipment of jute product was signed in 1793

by East India Company. During the same period, the Scotlanders were

experimenting on whether jute fiber can be mechanically processed. 1830 is the

year when the flax machines were used by Dundee spinners for spinning jute yarns. Since

Dundee mill was the only supplier of jute, the use of flax machine ultimately led to

increase in production and export of jute products in the entire continent.

The major jute growing areas were mainly in Bengal at the Kolkata side. When Mr. George Acland had brought

jute spinning machinery from Dundee to India, the first power driven weaving

factory was established at Rishra, on the River Hooghly

Jute Development and Economic Growth


near Calcutta in the year 1855. By the year 1869, manufactured five mills were established with around 950 in that period. looms. The growth was so fast that, by the year The looms in 1910, 38 companies were operating around Calcutta 30,685 looms, rendering more than a billion yards manufactured of cloth and over 450 million bags. Till the middle the finest of year 1880, jute industry has acquired almost burlap and whole Dundee and Calcutta. Later in 19th jute century, manufacturing of jute had started in packaging other countries also like in France, America, Italy, material which Austria, Russia, Belgium and Germany. is why they

became the leading jute weavers in the world. Till 1939, about 68,377 weaving looms were established in Calcutta. Sacking bags for In 1947, due to partition, most of the jute packaging made by Hessian or burlap fabrics industrialists left India and the mills were taken were the main jute woven products over by Marwaris. But, the finest stock of jute and

mills were left in East Pakistan. Pakistan realized the importance of jute industry and established many new jute mills in Narayanganj. But after the liberation of Bangladesh in 1971, the jute mills were then taken over by Bangladesh government. Later, the Bangladesh government formed BJMC ( Bangladesh Jute Mills Corporation ) to monitor and run jute mills in the country.



The main jute production is centered in Indian subcontinent and is traded all over the world. The top ten jute producing countries are India, Bangladesh, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Thailand, Myanmar, Brazil, Uzbekistan, Nepal and Vietnam. Amongst the top ten, Bangladesh leads the export of raw jute whereas, India the largest producer and consumer of jute items. In both the countries, the local jute price is similar to the prevailing international rate. 75% of the jute fiber is consumed in manufacturing sacks, burlaps and packaging materials. The demand of the jute is derived from the growth of the industrial segment where jute is being consumed in large quantity. Increase in production and export of agro industrial commodities led to consumption and demand of more jute sacks and packing bags.

Presently, 15% of jute production across the world is being consumed as backing cloth. The remaining 85% is divided for use in different segments like twine, ropes, decorative fabrics, carpet yarn, cordage, padding and other miscellaneous items. Apart from weaving industries, recently jute is being used in non weaving industrial segment as well. The cost factor is the main reason for its demand in non weaving industries.



Jute Industry Today : India

Occupying an important place in the national economy, Jute Industry It is one of the important

industries in India and a major industry in the eastern region, particularly West Bengal. It

supports nearly 4 million farm families, besides providing direct employment to about 2.6 lakh

industrial workers and livelihood to another 1.4 lakh persons in the tertiary

sector and allied activities. The jute industry contributes to

the export earnings to the tune of nearly Rs. 1200

crores annually.

The

production process in the Jute Industry goes

through a variety of activities, which include cultivation of raw jute, processing of jute fibres, spinning,

weaving, bleaching, dyeing, finishing and marketing of both, the raw jute and its

finished products. The Jute Industry is labour intensive and as such its labour-output ratio is also

high in spite of various difficulties being faced by the industry. Capacity utilization of the industry is around 75 per cent. There are 77 composite jute mills in India, of which 60 jute mills are located in West Bengal, 3 each in Bihar and U.P., 7 in Andhra Pradesh and 1 each in Assam, Orissa, Tripura and Chattisgarh. Ownership- wise division is: 6 mills are under

Government of India, 1 mill (Tripura) is under State Government, 2 mills (Assam & New Central) are in the co-

operative sector, and 68 are in private sector.



As on 1st January, 2008 total number of Keeping in view its growing contribution to looms installed in jute industry stood at the economy, the Government of India has 47,504, consisting of 23,955 Hessian looms,

started the "Jute Technology Mission". This 21,294 sacking looms, 1,148 C.B.C looms and will benefit jute growers; the workers others at 1071. The installed spindles in jute

mills, other than 100% export oriented units, engaged in the jute industry, jute were 724,326 comprising of 619,050 fine

entrepreneurs and others employed in spindles and 105,276 coarse spindles. As on associated activities in the jute sector. It will 1st January, 2008, installed spindles in 100%

export oriented units stood at 13,628, with help modernize the jute industry and enable fine spindles at 10,400 and coarse spindles at

the country to reap the benefits of enhanced 3,228. The maximum installed capacity in jute levels of jute diversification. mills, other than 100% export oriented units

(on the basis of 320 working days per year and as per revised JMDC Norms 2005 ), is estimated at 2.56 million tonnes per annum. The jute industry in India is growing rapidly and is an integral part of the Indian Textile Industry. Considering the importance of this industry, the Government of India has included the Jute Sector for special attention in its National Common Minimum Programme.



Jute Industry today: Bangladesh

Climate has bestowed Bangladesh with the opportunity

to become the natural home of the best quality Jute and

for this Bangladesh is the world's largest exporter of

quality Jute. This gives Bangladesh Jute goods

manufacturer to produce and cater the needs of quality

jute goods world over. Bangladesh possess the world's

biggest state-owned manufacturing and exporting organization for

all kinds of Jute goods. Research, innovative experimentation

towards product development and modernization approaches are

the contributing elements that make Bangladesh jute industry as

vibrant and catering to all world. Being the major playground of the

long history of jute trade and having relatively finer fiber,

Bangladesh always had advantage in raw jute trading. Now

Bangladesh is the largest exporter of raw jute in the world. After the

separation of Bangladesh (East Pakistan) from Pakistan in 1971, the

jute trading was not limited to specific groups like India or Pakistan.

Because, after the separation of Bangladesh, most of the Pakistani

owned Jute Mills were annexed by the government of the newly

formed Bangladesh.

In the past, when synthetics crowded out the demand for jute in

international markets in the 70s, Bangladesh jute was believed to

have become extinct. However, the demand for jute resurfaced in

the global market, particularly in light of the environmentally-

friendly and renewable nature of the product. A surge in global

demand resuscitated jute exports, both raw and products, from

Bangladesh. Export of these two items increased by

120 percent and 40 percent, respectively over the last

six years. Availability of superior grades of jute makes

Bangladesh well placed to enter and compete in export

markets for high value-added and price-competitive

jute products.



Looking at the history, after Bangladesh's independence in 1971, the government pursued a program of nationalization of large manufacturing enterprises. As part of this program it took over all the abandoned jute mills and nationalized those owned by Bangladeshi citizens. The operations of these nationalized mills were put under the Bangladesh Jute Mills Corporation (BJMC). In the early 80s, some rethinking led to a partial reversal of this policy

The measures under the program included closing the worst performing mills (9 out of 29) and downsizing two large public mills, privatization of at least 18 of the remaining 20 public mills, retrenching 45 percent of labor force, and debt restructuring of about Tk.35 billion (roughly US$900 million).

and over 50 percent of the mills (35 out of 66) under BJMC were privatized. In the 90s, the government focused on the jute sector problems through a restructuring program in order to create a commercially viable jute industry. Supported by the World Bank's Jute Sector Adjustment Credit (JSAC), the government put together a Jute Sector Restructuring Program (JSRP) in 1993 to rationalize the cost structure in the jute industry and to introduce mechanisms through which financial discipline and accountability could be established.

In 2002, jute sector reforms got a new lease of life which led to an increase in BJMC's productivity, which jumped from roughly Tk. 25,000 per employee in FY2001 to Tk. 39,000 per employee in FY2003. Closure of public mills has resulted in growth of private mills, particularly in northern Bangladesh, a jute growing area, where industrialization is much needed. With the growth of the wholly private spinning sub-sector, there are now 118 privately-owned mills in the jute sector. Since FY2000, export earnings of the spinning sector have grown at an average 12 percent annually and account for 60 percent of export earnings (US$180 million) from jute goods.



In India, we have a vast pool of craftsmen available as a result of tradition in craft which has been continuously nurtured and propagated and, also in the recent years, because of establishment of new schools and colleges where designing is taught.

However, there has been no initiative to engage all our creative resources in any manner so as to evolve a more focused and skilful resource in the handicraft sector which can be helpful in increasing competitive strength of the sector.

It has been seen and pointed out by the sector experts, that in the handicraft sector the application and usage of new design and product development by Indian handicraft exporters or the craft persons is negligible or in a nascent stage in India. One of the major reasons for this is the lack of availability of new and modern designs and skills in the industry. This could be attributed to a clear lack of continuous inflow of new designs, patterns, weaves technologies and research in the handicraft sector. The handicraft sector is almost stagnant as far as targeted research and development is concerned

Keeping this background in mind NCDPD has started a Design Mentorship Activation Programme (DMAP) on regular basis. The objective of the programme is to create a new set of industry-oriented design skills in the Indian handicraft sector which can be used to enhance the strength of the sector in the international market

Background

Design M

entorship A

ctivation Programme

Design Mentorship Activation Programme


On-board industry training

There is a clear lack of provision for on-board industry training to final year design students or recently passed-out students under the supervision of experienced international and national designers in the handicraft sector. There is no linkage between handicraft exporters and design institutions. No design institution provides structured handicraft oriented design apprentice to the design students. There is no specific course curriculum with any design institute for handicraft cluster / exporters. Designers do not prefer to choose hard goods as their career options due non familiarity with the clusters/ products/ techniques/ medium. The sector is not able to employ the designers either full time or part time due to lack of accessibility. Overseas importers do not consider the Indian handicrafts sector as design driven as compared to China, Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam etc. The handicraft exporters due to the lack of design skills normally do not employ the designers either full time or part time. Today the markets, the niche & growing Indian retail markets as well as the overseas markets, are completely customer driven. There is a sizable gap between the availability of industry trained design manpower and their acceptability to the exporters as well as to the sector at large.

The present approach mainly focuses on the measures for creating industry trained Design Manpower for the different product categories of handicraft sector viz. Artmetal ware, Wooden Handicrafts, Imitation Jewellery, Hand printed Textiles, Shawls etc., including in five theme-based generic clusters viz. Needle Crafts, Tribal Crafts, Natural & Eco friendly Crafts, Festive Decorations and Christmas Decorations.

Need for Engagement

Design Mentorship Activation Programme Design M

entorship A

ctivation Programme


To achieve the above goal, an industry and market driven approach has been envisaged by NCDPD for providing

continuous research and development programmes for acquiring new set of skills through new and budding designers under the guidance and supervision of Sr. International / National designers and linkages with trade, industry and clusters.

These designers after orientation under the supervision of senior international & national designers at NCDPD in different areas shall be deployed with the industry and clusters to work with exporters and SHGs under the guidance of experienced NCDPD designers with an objective to provide complete awareness for creating an environment conducive to changing design pattern, market linkages, research and development of new set of designs.

Eligibility

Ø Final year students of reputed design institutes eligible as per the course curriculum for undertaking industry training.

Ø Passed out design graduates from the premiere recognized design institutes.

Ø The identification of Apprentice designers shall be made by the Design Institute in consultation with NCDPD.

Eligible Design Institutes

Ø NIFT, NID, PEARL ACADEMY OF Fashion,

Ø Recognized school of Fine Arts

Ø Other premiere design institutes recognized by AICT / UGC / CSIR / State Govt.

Modus Operandi / Proposed Strategy

Course Structure & Design


entorship A

ctivation Programme


Course Duration

Ø Each batch shall consist 50 designers for a period of 6 months

Ø Project shall be implemented for 1 – 5 years

Ø Out of six months of DAMP, the intern shall be deployed for the period of 4 months with the handicraft exporter (Registered member exporter of EPCH / NCDPD).

Ø During the last two months the intern is to be associated with the SHG / NGO as per the recommendations of the O/o DC(H) at the clusters.

Design Mentorship Activation Program

Design MAP is an intensive exposure and immersion program for passing out university design students into the industrial design industry that focuses on handicrafts for world exports and local retail. Design MAP aims to provide design students:

Ø Industry exposure

Ø Grounding through apprenticeship & mentorship

Ø Infuse socially, culturally and environmentally responsible design training

Ø Professional development of apprentice designers

PHASE-1

PRE-MATCHING OF INTERESTS:

1. Design

• SOFTGOODS Fashion Design (costume jewelry, bags, handmade embellishments)

• HARDGOODS (Houseware & Furniture and Accessories)

Course Curr icu lum


entorship A

ctivation Programme


• GRAPHIC DESIGN and PUBLICATIONS

• IMAGE BUILDING AND BRANDING

• EXHIBITIONS, INTERIORS and STORE DESIGN

• VISUAL MERCHANDISING AND FASHION SHOW STYLING

2. Marketing/Promotion

• Design Research

• Marketing Collateral Designs/ Lay-outing

3. Fair Set-up

• Exhibition Design and Layout (including planning and designing

• Stand Planning and Design

• Booth Design

• Visual Merchandising

• Fashion Show Presentation

• Eco-Green Design Community Volunteer Workshops

DESIGN MENTORSHIP ACTIVATION PROGRAMME

1. Pre-requisites Course Curriculum

Ø Art and Design in Industrial Design Context

Ø Global Bench Marking with focus on contemporary design handiworks

Ø Design Thinking Processing

Ø Innovations and Design

Ø Advanced digital design tools


entorship A

ctivation Programme


2. Hard Goods Design Curriculum

Ø Range Collection Development

Ø International Product Standards

Ø Material Manipulations

Ø Designing for Exports

3. Soft Goods Design Curriculum

Ø Range Collection Development

Ø International Product Standards

Ø Material Manipulations

Ø Designing for Exports

4. Graphic Design and Publications

Ø Concepts in lay-outs

Ø Copywriting

Ø Design and Trends research

Ø Digital aided design

5. Exhibitions, Interior s and Store Design

Ø Concepts in lay-outs

Ø Advance planning methods in stand and space planning design

Ø Design from a client needs versus wants

Ø Digital methodology

6. Visual Merchandising and Fashion Show Styling

Ø Windows to Creative Merchandising


entorship A

ctivation Programme


Ø Scamper Methodology

Ø Fashion show presentation concepts, systems and styling

PHASE-2

PRACTICAL TRAINING

Students will be exposed to actual production and manufacturing setting with interest matching program with select export companies and /or cluster.

CULMINATION PHASE

Students will be exposed to actual production and manufacturing setting with select export companies and/or cluster.


entorship A

ctivation Programme


Sl. PRODUCTS. NO. OF EXPORTERS NO. OF TRAINEE DESIGNERS

1. ART METALWARE 10 10

Ø Moradabad 5

Ø Delhi 5

2. WOODEN HANDICRAFTS / 10 10

FURNITURE

Ø Jodhpur 3

Ø Saharanpur 3

Ø Delhi 2

Ø Tamil Nadu(Chennai) 1

Ø Karnataka (Bangalore) 1

3. IMITATION JEWELLERY 10 10

Ø Delhi / NCR 7

Ø Jaipur 3

4. HOME TEXTILES / 10 10

HOME FURNISHINGS

Ø Delhi / NCR 5

Ø Jaipur 2

Ø Narsapur 2

Ø Kolkatta 1

5. CHRISTMAS DECORATIONS /

GLASS 10 10

Ø Firozabad 5

Ø Delhi 1

Ø Moradabad 2

Ø Khurja 2

Targeted Product Categories & Number of Exporters & Trainee Designers


entorship A

ctivation Programme


Major Outcome Expected

Ø Developing 500 new set of skills in the handicrafts sector in 5 years to meet the competition of WTO post regime with free markets.

Ø Creating opportunity for the fresh design graduates to work under the guidance & supervision of international industry oriented senior designers.

Ø The possibilities of the absorption of the designers shall be 100% since they shall understand the products, requirement etc. of the exporter as well as the overseas buyers more than any new incumbent.

Ø Design, product development, visual merchandising, showroom designing / window dressing etc. by the handicraft exporters is in very nascent stage such exercise shall go away in achieving the target of doubling the exports

Ø More employments for artisans due to more export orders.

Ø Creating market linkages and availability of new set of design skills at the clusters.


entorship A

ctivation Programme


NCDPD Awarded ISO Certificate


A Theme Pavilion was setup by National Centre for Design and product Development (NCDPD) at Indian Fashion Jewellery & Accessory Show at Greater Noida held from 8th-10th July, 2011 organised by Export Promotion Council for Handicrafts (EPCH) The thematic display was meant to showcase variety of products developed in various clusters in India.

Indian Fashion Jewellery

& Accessories Show

The show was based on the theme of a fashion show to develop the interest of the buyers both from India and abroad as the show provided a platform to the artisans to display their rich, exquisite crafts

The programme was supported by Development Commissioner (Handicrafts) and aimed at enhancing visibility of handicrafts products and finding out a niche market for the products made by these gifted handicrafts artisans in the various clusters of India.

The products developed by NGO's SGH groups were on display in the theme setting of a fashion show. The products on display were items such as fashion jewellery products made of metal, wood and shell as well as fancy hand bags, shawls, scarves, purses, hats, footwear, and other fanciful items of latest fashion and fad.

Thematic Display of Fashion Jewellery & Accessories


The show gathered a lot of interest of the buyers who visited. It enabled buyers to source products from here and keep themselves abreast with the latest development in the jewellery and accessory design and development in the clusters of India where gifted hands weave magic with raw materials and colour using their innate knowledge coupled with newly acquired skill set and fuse tradition with modern.

41

Around 11000 artisans were trained in over 550 programmes in 40 clusters all over India including North East

It has been the endeavour of National Centre for Design & Product Development (NCDPD) to find means and ways of developing the skills of the artisans through innovative and focused approach. It is with this aim the NCDPD has been

specialized industry oriented training conducting since 2009 a comprehensive industry programmes so that they can compete in the oriented Capacity / Skill Development Training world marketprogrammes under the Human Resource

Development Scheme of O/o Development Commissioner (Handicrafts), Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India. The basic objective of the programme is to upgrade and add skills in handicrafts artisans / craftsmen / entrepreneurs / designers / manufacturers / exporters a through

This year, around 350 programmes/workshops in 40 hundred cluster across India including north east were conducted by leading experts, consultants and resource persons from the industry and institutions such as Indian Institute

Capacity/Skill Development Training Program gets completed with great success this year

Capacity/Skill Development Training Program


of Foreign Trade (IIFT), National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT), NABARD, SIDBI, District Industries Centre, etc.

The programmes comprised courses and training on subjects such as how to improve trade show participation, packaging, manufacturing technology. The programmes also deal with imparting latest knowledge on improved tools and equipment, marketing of the products and entrepreneurship development programme. It also focuses on giving training and know how on product development, design, testing, quality and standardization. crossed over Rs 17000 crore in FY 06-07 with an

average growth of more than 15 % in the last National and internationally renowned many years, started witnessing negative growth consultants and experts will impart theses in the recent years. Besides global recession, the training and skill development. The highly tough competition from neighbouring countries, qualified faculty has been picked up from especially in areas of Product Development is reputed institutes, such as Indian Institute of one of the major reasons envisaged for the continuous down fall of the export.

In the absence of any tailor made or customised skill development or training programmes for artisans, manufacturers, there is a need to institutionalise training and skill development in the handicraft sector.

Foreign Trade (IIFT), National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT), NABARD, SIDBI, District Industries Centre, ,etc.

THE NEED FOR SKILL DEVELOPMENT

The Indian Handicrafts sector provides employment to vast segment of people in rural and semi urban areas, along with generating valuable foreign exchange.

However, the Indian handicrafts exports which

HRD/Skill Development Program


These courses equipped the existing manpower with latest know how in all the areas of product development, designing, testing, quality control, marketing, etc. The programmes were successful in training and educating, artisans, potential entrepreneurs and manufacturers. It also created an environment conducive to technology development.

THE BENEFITS

The course practically driven with experts in the related fields interacting with artisans, manufacturers and exporters. Due to concentration in clusters, the handicrafts sector has the disadvantage of lack of adoption of the latest advancements, and, therefore, the proposed effort would be an effort to provide a fill up and create awareness about new designs and technology. The other objective is to bring change in the mind set to overcome the resistance to change because of lack of knowledge.



Capacity development has been envisaged to provide training to potential entrepreneurs and manufacturers by organising training programmes to educate and create an environment conducive to technology development programmes. The focused training programmes are also targeted at development of skills on par with the best available in the world

Course Curriculum of HRD Programme were as follows:

· Marketing EDP Trade Show participation Packaging/Improved Manufacturing Technology Improved tools and equipment Product Development Design, Testing Quality and Standardization Understanding of 3DMAX, AUTO CAD.

Focus Areas of HRD Programme were as follows:

1. Market Oriented Design & Product Development.

2. Technological Advancement in Production Process and Finishes.

3. Latest Marketing Techniques/Application {National/ International}

4. Improved Tools & Equipments.

5. Testing & Compliance.

6. Project Development & Credit Finance.

7. Latest Designing Techniques such as 3d Max, Auto CAD.

8. Improved Packaging.

Beneficiaries of the HRD Programme

Apart from the cane & bamboo sector of NER at large, the following group of people/entities stand to be benefited either directly or indirectly:

· Artisans / Craft Persons/ Weavers/ Entrepreneurs

· Handicraft Exporters / Manufacturers/ Suppliers

· Designers

· Research Analyst

· Design Institutes

· State Govts. Corp of all the 8 States of NER

· Self Help Groups/ SMEs

· Any other organization / individual having similar

objective



harmony with the concept of the buyer-seller meet.

The fair is the largest exposition on handicraft and handloom of Orissa and presents the rich tradition, cultural heritage and craftsmanship of ancient Orissa organized by Department of Handicrafts and Department of Handloom & Textiles, Govt of Odisha.

The event showcased the excellence in craftsmanship of the artisans of the state which is one of the most suitable destinations for the

International Handicraft and Handloom Fair was overseas as well as inland trade visitors to source organised by State Institute for Development of Art & Crafts ( SIDAC) from 20th-22nd October, 2011 at Bhubaneshwar, Odisha.

NCDPD helped SIDAC to organise and setup of this fair by doing Theme Setting Layout & Planning along with the Visual Merchandising. NCDPD also provided design services to about 50 entrepreneurs who participated in the fair through SIDAC. NCDPD helped with the overall landscape design to give a look that was in

the products they need. It was a three-day event which provided a solid platform for the visitors and the participants to make their future prospective business deals.

The international fair assembled a rich collection of ritual, decorative and utilitarian products that reflected the style, subjects, values and aesthetic concern of exporter, manufacturers, and entrepreneurs from the state of Odisha.

Theme Setting, Layout and Planning of International Handicraft & Handloom Fair 2011,Organised at Bhubaneshwar

Theme Setting, Layout and Planning of IHHF


T R E N D S Fall Winter 2012

Color Trend #1: Soft colors. It is essential to remember that in autumn and winter colors shouldn’t be as bright as they are in spring and summer. But it in no way means you have to go black, grey and brown.

It is more subdued rather than flashy. Opt for soft hues i n c l u d i n g l a v e n d e r , cantaloupe, spindrift, or honeydew.

A: Mood-improving pastel hues

Top 5 colors

Trends Fall Winter 2011-2012

soft hues are dull there is another great color trend for you to choose – bright pastel hues. Any vivid colors in one look in summer is playful and interesting, but in winter it looks vulgar.


B: Mood-improving hues: MagentaMagenta is very beautiful to add pizzazz to the muted colorways.



C: Mood-improving hues: Orange

Solid orange. A tricky color,orange is cool if one knowshow to make it cool.

If magenta is too much try burgundy. It is glamorous in appearance. This color is luxurious and there is hardly a way to spoil it.

Color Trend #2: Plum



Color Trend #3: Burgundy.

Grape can be an alternative for burgundy. Burberry grape looks the best

Color Trend #4: Shiny colorsSomething sparkling and glossy. Focus on organic colors mostly bark, drift or petrified wood hues.



Color Trend #5: Midnight blue.Midnight blue is almost black, like indigo.

LOOK BOOKShapes and Silhouettes

COOL WAVE- Furniture and accessories look futuristic yet organic- Natural materials in undulating movement looking like swiggles



SHEER BLACK- Black lines are gracefully woven on furniture, home objects and lightning fixtures- Black fibers and threads create a veil for a see-through effect- The starkness of black is softened up in abaca, palm leaves and crochet

LIGHT AND ETHEREAL

- Neutral and palette of beige, blush and white in refined designs - This trend gives a serene feeling of space and inter acts with light


SEA CREATURES- Images of jellyfish, coral and sea anemone for lamps and candelabras- Inspired by sea and island living


SURFACES & TEXTURES

Primitive chisel

PRIMITIVE TEXTURES

Faux wood

Perforations

Board and batten textures

Roof shingles, tiles and battens



Industrial concrete Colored concrete

Barn brickIndustrial Grunge

Surface evolution

TEXTURES BELOW WATER

Brain coral textures



jute mou between international seminar on · boost to the export of handicrafts as a development...

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