Jute Breeding and Development

in China

PhD. Fang Pingping, Prof. Qi Jianmin

Institute of Crops Genetic Improvement (ICGI),

Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU)

E-mail: 492566513@qq.com

July. 21-27, 2013, Catania, Italy

Main Contents

Introduction

Jute Production in China

Breeding Research

Fundamental Research

Comprehensive Utilization

About FAFU

1.1 What is Jute?

Next to cotton in importance

Known as the "golden fiber",

"soft fiber"

Accounts for 70% production

of global bast fiber crops

Mainly grown in India，

Bangladesh, China and Nepal

Encompasses two bast fiber

species

1. Introduction

White(Corchorus capsularis)

Tossa(Corchorus olitorius)

1.2 Origin of jute

White jute (Corchorus

capsularis) occurs wild in

South China from where it

was introduced into

Bangladesh and India.

Toss jute (C. olitorius) occurs

wild in Africa from where it

migrated via Egypt and Syria

into India, Bangladesh,

China and elsewhere.

1.3 Advantage

high biomass output

short life cycle

fast grow

broad growing region

strong adaptability to

environment

low input cost in

cultivated condition

1.4 Diversity Usages

Bast Fiber

Gunny bags and cloth; Ropes; Canvas; Carpet

Composites; Pulp & Paper ; Geotextiles; Non-

woven; handcraft

Core Fiber

Building materials; Soil modifiers; Active carbon;

Absorbent; Paper

Other parts ( Root, Leaf, Flower, Seed)

Animal feed; Food; Oil; Medicine

Fertilizers; Dyeing materials

2. Jute production

in China

2.1 history

• China is the earliest country to cultivate jute in the

world

• Archaeology showed that South China ancestors

had hemp crop cultivation in early primitive society

• As early as the Northern Song Dynasty, "Maps of

Materia Medica" (1061) already had the

morphological characteristics description of jute,

showed that in early 11th century, China had

cultivated jute as textile materials.

• mainly used as raw materials for making jute burlap,

rope, shoes and paper.

2.2 production

China is the third largest jute&kenaf producing countries behind

India and Bangladesh

whilst the average yield level of China is about 1.5 times higher

than that of the world average.

The jute planting scale were 100 million hectares highest in 1985,

while as the impact of petrochemical products and agricultural

production structure adjustment, jute scale declined substantially.

In 1990, jute cultivation area was 300,000 hectares with the total

output of 726,000 tons.

According to the Statistics,2007-2011, China jute and kenaf area

varied from 33,000 hectares to 19,000 hectares

average yields 20% higher than in the 1990s

Currently, China imports large quantities of jute fiber from

Bangladesh and other countries each year.

Area of Jute, Kenaf and Allied Fibres in Major producing Countries

AREA (in 000 Ha)

Bangladesh China India Myanmar Nepal Thailand

2011-2012 620.2 19.0 790.0 8.2 10.6 1.4

2010-2011 587 18 800 12.6 10.6 1.4

2009-2010 485.8 30 773.7 8.9 11.7 1.5

2008-2009 408.1 30 785.6 14.3 11.6 1.5

2007-2008 500 33 952 20.4 11.7 1.2

2006-2007 533.4 31 931 46.5 12 2.3

2005-2006 466 31.1 931 41 12.2 3.1

2004-2005 418 32 916 35.4 11.8 16.6

2003-2004 499.8 41 1000 44.1 11.9 20.4

2002-2003 436.2 56 1025 58.7 11.7 27.2

2001-2002 519.6 52 986 53.5 11.3 19.2

2000-2001 448 50 873 31 14.5 19.2

1999-2000 414.8 65.8 751 33 11.7 19.9

1998-1999 477.5 92.7 841 37.3 12.3 30.7

1997-1998 647.5 162.1 1115 34.1 11 66.6

1996-1997 547.6 147 1014 43.2 11.2 76.5

1995-1996 519.2 146 846 47.3 10.2 79.3

1994-1995 567.8 175 982 37.5 9 89.7

1993-1994 521.3 274 920 30.8 13.1 110.6

1992-1993 500.2 277.2 976 47.6 8.8 110.1

1991-1992 586.8 269.7 1107 27.2 15.5 115.7

Yield of Jute, Kenaf and Allied Fibres in Major producing Countries

YIELD (Tonne/Ha)

Year Bangladesh China India Myanmar Nepal Thailand

2011-2012 2.13 3.68 2.51 0.46 1.42 0.93

2010-2011 2.39 3.63 2.25 0.62 1.36 1.21

2009-2010 1.73 2.51 2.09 0.90 1.52 1.33

2008-2009 2.28 2.67 1.88 0.90 1.47 1.93

2007-2008 2.47 2.63 1.87 0.94 1.43 1.79

2006-2007 2.22 2.80 1.93 0.94 1.43 1.55

2005-2006 2.07 2.66 1.64 0.9 1.45 1.51

2004-2005 1.94 2.72 1.47 0.95 1.43 2.16

2003-2004 1.93 2.43 1.62 0.95 1.43 2.03

2002-2003 1.82 2.77 2.01 0.71 1.45 1.51

2001-2002 1.78 2.62 1.92 0.95 1.45 1.54

2000-2001 1.82 2.52 1.86 0.9 1.05 1.54

Production of Jute, Kenaf and Allied Fibres in Major producing Countries PRODUCTION (in ‘000 tonnes)

Year Bangladesh China India Myanmar Nepal Thailand

2011-2012 1 323.1 70.0 1 980.0 3.8 15.0 1.3

2010-2011 1 404.5 69.0 1 800.0 7.8 14.4 1.7

2009-2010 839.6 75.2 1620.0 8.0 17.7 2.0

2008-2009 931.0 80.0 1476.0 12.9 17 2.9

2007-2008 1236.8 86.8 1782 19.1 16.8 2.2

2006-2007 1186.4 86.8 1800 43.6 17.1 3.6

2005-2006 965 82.8 1530 36.9 17.7 4.6

2004-2005 810 86.9 1350 33.6 16.9 35.7

2003-2004 963 99.8 1620 42 17 41.3

2002-2003 793.4 130 1980 41.9 17 46.4

2001-2002 924.7 136 1890 50.8 16.4 29.5

2000-2001 814.7 125.9 1620 27.8 15.2 29.7

1999-2000 731.5 164 1404 26.5 15.7 29.7

1998-1999 851.9 248 1491.7 33.5 15.5 47.2

1997-1998 1242.7 429.5 1964 33.1 15.5 106.4

1996-1997 1062.2 364.9 1836 39.5 14 109.3

1995-1996 652.7 371.2 1458 43 14.9 114.9

1994-1995 1027.4 354.9 1476 34.6 11.7 130.3

1993-1994 782.3 672 1374.1 27.3 14.4 139

1992-1993 885.4 619 1332 38.8 10 140.3

1991-1992 945.1 513 1620 22.6 19.1 157.2

3. Jute Breeding in China

1. Main Breeding Institutes of Jute in

China

Institute of Bast Fiber Crops (IBFC), Chinese Academy

of Agriculture Sciences ( CAAS )

Institute of Crops Genetic Improvement (ICGI), Fujian

Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU)

Agronomy College, Guangxi University

Xiaoshan Cotton and Bast Fibers Institute (XCBFI ),

Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences ( ZAAS )

Institute of Sugarcane and Bast Fibers ( ISBF ), Fujian

Academy of Agriculture Sciences ( FAAS )

2. Objectives of Jute Breeding in China

O1: Breeding new varieties with good fiber quality,

high fiber yeild, multi-resistance to pests,diseases

and serious growing condition

Compared with the CK variety :

Fiber yield increasing more than 10%;

Stalk yield increasing more than 8%;

fiber fineness about 400N;

High resistance to anthracnose ( increasing 1 grade ),

resistance ( increasing 1 grade ) to nematode and fungi disease

Tolerance to saline-alkali (0.4-0.5%) and tolerance to

drought

wide adaptability

2. Objectives of Jute Breeding in China

O2: Breeding high fiber fineness varieties for special

textile application. Good fiber quality, high fiber yeild,

multi-resistance to pests,diseases and serious growing

condition

Compared with the CK variety :

Fiber yield increasing more than 10%;

Stalk yield increasing more than 8%;

fiber fineness more than 500N;

High resistance to anthracnose ( increasing 1 grade ),

resistance ( increasing 1 grade ) to nematode and fungi disease

Tolerance to saline-alkali (0.4-0.5%) and tolerance to drought

wide adaptability

2. Objectives of Kenaf Breeding in China

O3: Breeding hybrid Jute with super high fiber yield

key techniques are:

how to create CMS (cytoplasmic male sterility ) how to use three-line method ,

how to select and utilize high combining ability male

steriles.

Technique Index:

Fiber yield of F1 increasing over 20% compared with ck

variety

3. Strategy and Method of Jute Breeding

in China

S1: Study on modern bio-technique Breeding

To identify systemic genetic diversity and relative

relationship of Jute germplasm using molecular label for finding

better parental materials.

The focus of short stage are transferring gene breeding of

resistance to pest, herbicide, tolerance to salt, drought. Making

cloning of functional genes , measuring of sequences,

construction of genetic linkage map, location of specific genes,

etc.

S2: Study on induced mutation breeding and

spaceflight Breeding. To creat specific germplasm available using physical and

chemical induced method, and satellite carrying seeds , to supply

for selection and utilization of breeding.

3. Strategy and Method of Jute Breeding

in China

S3: Set up high efficiency aggregation breeding

technique system

Combining modern breeding methods with traditional

methods, speed breeding technique intergration and

method creation, promote to set up high efficiency

aggregation breeding technique system of jute, increase

breeding efficiency and level, short breeding time and cycle.

4. Main jute varieties released in China

From 1950, there are many varieties of jute were bred

and released in commercial use.

1950’S

Hongtiegu, Penny Ma, Xinfeng, Bailianzhi,

Yueyuan1,Yueyuan2, Yueyuan3,Xuan46, Kuaizaohong

1960-2000

Yueyuan4, Yueyuan5,Meifeng4,minma4,minma5,179

2001---

Zhongjute1,Fujute1,Fujute2,Fujute3

Vegetable jute

Funong1, Funong2,Funong3,Funong4,Funong5

Elite Jute Varieties

High-yield, Good-quality and

Resistant Jute Variety——Meifeng-4

High-yield, Good-quality and Multi-

Resistant Jute Variety——179

The average raw fiber yield is 7000kg/ha with

high yield stability. The variety was awarded

Third Prize of Fujian Provincial Science and

Technology Progress.

The average raw fiber yield is

7000kg/ha with anthracnose

resistance. The variety was

granted “Fujian Province Science

Conference Award”

Fujute1

Meifeng2×Yueyuan5

Bred by FAFU

The average raw fiber

yield( 7545 kg/ha) is

7.02% and 13.54% higher

than that of 179（CK1）

and Zhongjute1(CK2）

• From Minma5 by nuclear radiation

• By FAFU

• The average raw fiber yield( 7665 kg/ha) is 8.72% and 15.35% higher than that of 179（CK1）and zhongjute1(CK2）

Fujute2

Fujute3

Meifeng2×Minma5

Bred by FAFU

The average raw fiber

yield( 7690 kg/ha) is

11.17% higher than that

of 179（CK1）

Vegetable jute variety Funong No.1-5

Bred by physical mutation

With high content of Calcium, Selenium and high nutritional value

The yield of its tender stems and leaves reached 23503.4kg/hm2 ,

which was 25.52% higher than CK

with the characters of high

yield, good quality, strong

resistance and long growth

period, is an organic and

new type jute variety used

for vegetable

4、Jute Fundamental research

in China

4.1 Jute Genetic Diversity and Relationship

by SRAP Analysis

173 domestic and abroad

wild species and cultivated

species

screening 35 pairs of

polymorphic SRAP primers

according to Nei-Li's

method to calculate the

similarity coefficient for

cluster analysis.

96 tested

materials including

wild and cultivar,

white and tossa jute

Using SRAP, ISSR

markers and

morphological

methods

4.2 Jute Origin and Evolution

4.3 Genetic linkage map construction

Two tossa jute species (wild and

cultivated species) were selected as

parents to construct the first genetic

linkage map of tossa jute by SRAP

molecular markers and three

morphological markers.

Total length 2522.2cM, including eight

linkage groups (L0D ≥ 3.0), 128 个

SRAP marker loci with an average

distance of 19.25cM. 。

2.Whit jute

SRAP、ISSR and RAPD complex

molecular markers were conducted to

construct the first white jute genetic

linkage map

Total length 2166.3 cM, including

ten linkage groups (L0D ≥ 3.0), 125

个 marker loci with an average

distance of 17.33cM.

1.Tossa Jute

4.4 DNA Fingerprinting of Jute core germplasm

•30 pairs of SRAP polymorphic primers

• self-developed

software

•35 jute varieties of

DNA fingerprinting.

•Each species has its

own specific DNA

fingerprinting

• USED SMART to construct leaf full length cDNA library of

white jute

• 279 effective EST sequences and splicing obtained 61

unigenes

4.5 cDNA library construction and ESTs analysis

4.6 Study on protein differences of Jute

female sterility

• 4.7 Cloning on jute cellulose

synthase gene fragment BnCesA1

• 4.8 Jute uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) gene Cloning

左图为表达载体pCMBIA1301

酶切后去除GUS基因电泳图；

右图是UGPase cDNA全长连入

pCMBIA1301载体后酶切电泳

图。

5. Jute Comprehensive

Utilization in China

1.For Textile materials :

Applied widely in many products.

Typical Example: Jiangsu Redbud Dyeing Technology Co..Ltd., produce

good jute fiber “ MBARY ” utilizing modern textile

techniques to apply in many products development in

commercial level ……

Cooperation with textile experts Cooperation with Agri-experts

2. Eco-friendly Products and Wall cloth

Geotextiles :

Applied widely basic construction areas, such as

control water and soil erosion, freeway slope

preserving, dam slope preserving, etc.

Bast fiber mulch film: ( Developed by IBFC)

Degrading without pollution;air and moisture

conditioning bi-directionally

Bast fiber mulch film applied in field

Samples of bast fiber mulch film

Wall cloth : more comfortable, showed some good qualities ,

such as natural color, texture and damp proof.

Bio-degumming

Fiber after making up

3. Pulp and Paper Jute containing cellulose like any other raw materials

used for paper pulp, has been found to be an excellent raw material for making good quality pulp and paper.

Advantages:

Requirement of less chemicals than in wood pulping, like chlorine .

Consumption of less energy than traditional wood pulp due to low lignin content of jute

Use of treated wastewater from jute paper mills for irrigation, etc.

4. Jute Non-wovens Stiffness

Higher frictional Properties

Coarseness

Easy rot / biodegradability

Higher moisture absorption characteristics

5. Jute Composites Unbreakable, maintenance free, durable

Fire retardant and water resistant

UV, termite, acid and alkali resistant

Less abrasive

Less costly

Low thermal conductivity

Biodegrable, Renewable, Eco-friendly

Stronger than wood

6. Absorbing Materials (Developed by FAFU)

Jute core can be carbonized in 250~500℃ for lipophilic

absorbent.

Kenaf core carbonized Powder SEM of oil

absorbent(×2000）

7. Handicrafts

8.Mushrooms cultivated with

Jute Sticks

• Technical principles：

designing mushroom nutrients

needed for growth conditions and

creating suitable environmental

conditions for mushroom growth of

planting using peeled stick of Jute

• Technical effectiveness ： The

mushroom cultivation experiments

showed that the mushroom yield

using 70% of Jute sticks was

higher than that of the control using

100% straw

9.Healthcare Jute Tea

Healthcare tea was produced by using

the leaflets of vegetable Jute as raw

materials

The jute is rich in the nutrients, with

0.1mg/100g selenium, 747mg/100g

calcium, total dietary fiber 9.4mg/100g,

total amino acids 64.4mg/100g in fresh

stems and leafs of Jute.

These nutrition are benefit to reduce

the chance of high blood pressure, to

improve the immunity and so on.

Two patents has been applied

About FAFU

FAFU

FAFU has four campuses with a total area of 300

hectares.

With 23 colleges, more than 50,000 students and

2,292 faculties and staffs including 800 full

professors/research fellows.

Xi Jinping , General Secretary of CCP, attended the

amalgamation ceremony of the University in 2000 (Xi was

Fujian Provincial Governor at that time).

• 2 national key

programs

• 21 provincial key

programs

• 8 post-doctoral research centers

• 51 doctoral programs

• 89 master’s programs

• 15 master’s programs for in-service

students from higher educational

faculty.

• 7 professional master’s degree

programs

Most of programs at FAFU are agriculture-related

1 Programs

• 7 elected members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

• 1 member of China Extraordinary Professionals and

Technicians

• 10 candidates of National Excellent Young and Middle-aged

Experts

• 10 candidates of China’s “Millions of Talents” Project

• 4 members of the Disciplinary Appraisal Panel of the State

Council’s Academic Degrees Commission

• 142 experts with special government allowance awarded by the

State Council

Possessing 174 talents

at the national level

54 innovative research platforms at the ministry and

provincial levels, including

UN (China) International Research Center for Prevention and Control of Fruit

Flies

National R&D Center of Sugarcane Industry

Sub-centers of National Crops Varieties Improvement Center

National R&D Sub-center for Agricultural Products Processing Technology

Cross-Taiwan-Strait Agricultural Technology Cooperation Center

Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Test Institution under the Ministry of

Agriculture

key laboratories under the Ministry of Agriculture

key laboratories and engineering research center under the Ministry of

Education

International technology cooperation base under the Ministry of Science and

Technology

And other 41 provincial research centers, institutes and laboratories

2 Scientific Research

More than 2000 research

achievements

655 provincial

technological awards

19

11

National Science and Technology Progress

Awards, National Technology Invention

Awards, National Natural Science Awards

Scientific Research Achievements

30

National Science Conference Awards

other national awards that were gained in

collaboration with other institutions

Juncao Technology invented by the researcher Zhanxi Lin is elected into

one of the “Ten Agricultural Technology Demonstration Centers” for

assisting Africa which were announced by Chairman Hu Jintao in the

Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation participated by 48

African heads, and one of aiding technological projects to Fiji government

signed by Vice-president Xi Jinping.

3 International Exchange and Development

FAFU has signed cooperation agreements with

over 30 universities in the world.

Visited FAFU and expressed his thanks for the significant contributions Jucao technology has made.

Premier Minister of Papua New Guinea President of Guyana

King of South African Zulu Nation

King of Cambodia

Jute&kenaf

research group

History

Research Center of Genetic，

Breeding and Multiple Utilization

of Jute and Kenaf of FAFU was

founded in 1950’s by Prof. Lu

Haoran, a well-known scientist in

Jute Genetic and Breeding

Inherited by Prof. Zheng(retired)

and Prof. Qi Jian-min

The center has insisted on jute and

kenaf Genetic and Breeding for 64

years with the unremitting efforts

Tra

nsm

ission

Team

A full-time research group, a

total of 11 researchers,

including 2 professors, 3

associate professors and 5

doctors.

A Collaborative research team,

19 researchers totally, including

12 professors, 6 doctors

Researches on agriculture,

biology, engineering,

management, etc.

A stable post-graduate and PhD

team

20-25 graduates engage in Jute

and Kneaf R&D annually.

Genetic breeding

Germplasm

Molecular biology

Proteomics

Agricultural extension

Bio-energy

Developing new products

Achievements

18 national projects

20 provincial

programs since 2000

International corporation on Jute&Kenaf

The cooperation agreements were signed by FAFU and countries such

as Malaysia, Mali, Zambia, Benin.

THANKS!

Welcome to FAFU!