BRITISH STANDARD

BS EN 1993-3-1:2006Incorporating corrigendumJuly 2009

Eurocode 3 — Design of steel structures —Part 3-1: Towers, masts and chimneys — Towers and masts

ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.10

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National foreword

This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1993-3-1:2006, incorporating corrigendum July 2009.

The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated in the text by tags. Text altered by CEN corrigendum July 2009 is indicated in the text by ˆ‰.

The structural Eurocodes are divided into packages by grouping Eurocodes for each of the main materials: concrete, steel, composite concrete and steel, timber, masonry and aluminium; this is to enable a common date of withdrawal (DOW) for all the relevant parts that are needed for a particular design. The conflicting national standards will be withdrawn at the end of the co-existence period, after all the EN Eurocodes of a package are available.

Following publication of the EN, there is a period allowed for national calibration during which the National Annex is issued, followed by a co-existence period of a maximum three years. During the co-existence period Member States are encouraged to adapt their national provisions. At the end of this coexistence period, the conflicting parts of national standards will be withdrawn.

In the UK, the following national standards are superseded/partially superseded by BS EN 1993-3-1:2006. These standards will be withdrawn revised on a date to be announced, but at the latest by March 2010.

Superseded British Standards

BS 8100-1:1986 Lattice towers and masts — Code of practice for loading

BS 8100-2:1986 Lattice towers and masts — Guide to the background and use of Part 1 ‘Code of practice for loading’

BS 8100-3:1999 Lattice towers and masts — Code of practice for strength assessment of members of lattice towers and masts

Partially superseded British Standards

BS 8100-4:1995 Lattice towers and masts — Code of practice for loading of guyed masts

BS EN 1993-3-1:2006

This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 May 2008

© BSI 2010

ISBN 978 0 580 66457 1

Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

Date Comments

31 January 2010 Implementation of CEN corrigendum July 2009

/

BS EN 1993-3-1:2006

Where a normative part of this EN allows for a choice to be made at the national level, the range and possible choice will be given in the normative text as Recommended Values, and a note will qualify it as a Nationally Determined Parameter (NDP). NDPs can be a specific value for a factor, a specific level or class, a particular method or a particular application rule if several are proposed in the EN.

To enable BS EN 1993-3-1:2006 to be used in the UK, the NDPs have been published in a National Annex, which has been issued separately.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/525, Building and civil engineering structures, to Subcommittee B/525/32, Towers and masts.

A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

EN 1993-3-1

October 2006

ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.10 Supersedes ENV 1993-3-1:1997

English Version

Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 3-1: Towers,masts and chimneys - Towers and masts

Eurocode 3 - Calcul des structures en acier - Partie 3-1:Tours, mâts et cheminées - Pylônes et mâts haubannés

Eurocode 3 - Bemessung und Konstruktion vonStahlbauten - Teil 3-1: Türme, Maste und Schornsteine -

Türme und Maste

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 January 2006.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONC O M I T É E U R O P É E N D E N O R M A LI S A T I O NEUR OP ÄIS C HES KOM ITEE FÜR NOR M UNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.

Ref. No. EN 1993-3-1:2006: E

Incorporating corrigendum July 2009

EN 1993-3-1:2006 (E)

2

Contents

1 General .......................................................................................................................................................9

1.1 Scope..................................................................................................................................................9 1.2 Normative references .........................................................................................................................9 1.3 Assumptions.....................................................................................................................................10 1.4 Distinction between principles and application rules.......................................................................10 1.5 Terms and definitions.......................................................................................................................10 1.6 Symbols............................................................................................................................................11 1.7 Convention for cross section axes....................................................................................................12

2 Basis of design..........................................................................................................................................13

2.1 Requirements....................................................................................................................................13 2.2 Principles of limit state design .........................................................................................................14 2.3 Actions and environmental influences .............................................................................................14 2.4 Ultimate limit state verifications ......................................................................................................15 2.5 Design assisted by testing ................................................................................................................15 2.6 Durability .........................................................................................................................................15

3 Materials ..................................................................................................................................................16

3.1 Structural steel..................................................................................................................................16 3.2 Connections......................................................................................................................................16 3.3 Guys and fittings ..............................................................................................................................16

4 Durability .................................................................................................................................................16

4.1 Allowance for corrosion...................................................................................................................16 4.2 Guys .................................................................................................................................................16

5 Structural analysis...................................................................................................................................17

5.1 Modelling for determining action effects.........................................................................................17 5.2 Modelling of connections.................................................................................................................17

6 Ultimate limit states ................................................................................................................................18

6.1 General .............................................................................................................................................18 6.2 Resistance of cross sections .............................................................................................................18 6.3 Resistance of members.....................................................................................................................18 6.4 Connections......................................................................................................................................20 6.5 Special connections for masts ..........................................................................................................21

7 Serviceability limit states ........................................................................................................................23

7.1 Basis .................................................................................................................................................23 7.2 Deflections and rotations..................................................................................................................23 7.3 Vibrations.........................................................................................................................................23

8 Design assisted by testing........................................................................................................................24

9 Fatigue......................................................................................................................................................24

9.1 General .............................................................................................................................................24 9.2 Fatigue loading.................................................................................................................................24 9.3 Fatigue resistance .............................................................................................................................25 9.4 Safety assessment.............................................................................................................................25 9.5 Partial factors for fatigue..................................................................................................................25 9.6 Fatigue of guys.................................................................................................................................25

Annex A [normative] – Reliability differentiation and partial factors for actions...................................26

A.1 Reliability differentiation for masts and towers ...............................................................................26

BS EN 1993-3-1:2006

EN 1993-3-1:2006 (E)

3

A.2 Partial factors for actions..................................................................................................................26

Annex B [informative] – Modelling of meteorological actions ...................................................................27

B.1 General .............................................................................................................................................27 B.2 Wind force........................................................................................................................................28 B.3 Response of lattice towers................................................................................................................40 B.4 Response of guyed masts .................................................................................................................45

Annex C [informative] – Ice loading and combinations of ice with wind..................................................53

C.1 General .............................................................................................................................................53 C.2 Ice loading........................................................................................................................................53 C.3 Ice weight .........................................................................................................................................54 C.4 Wind and ice ....................................................................................................................................54 C.5 Asymmetric ice load ........................................................................................................................54 C.6 Combinations of ice and wind..........................................................................................................55

Annex D [normative] – Guys, dampers, insulators, ancillaries and other items ......................................56

D.1 Guys .................................................................................................................................................56 D.2 Dampers ...........................................................................................................................................56 D.3 Insulators ..........................................................................................................................................57 D.4 Ancillaries and other items...............................................................................................................57

Annex E [informative] – Guy rupture ..........................................................................................................59

E.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................59 E.2 Simplified analytical model .............................................................................................................59 E.3 Conservative procedure....................................................................................................................60 E.4 Analysis after a guy rupture .............................................................................................................61

Annex F [informative] – Execution...............................................................................................................62

F.1 General .............................................................................................................................................62 F.2 Bolted connections ...........................................................................................................................62 F.3 Welded connections .........................................................................................................................62 F.4 Tolerances ........................................................................................................................................62 F.5 Prestretching of guys........................................................................................................................63

Annex G [informative] – Buckling of components of masts and towers....................................................64

G.1 Buckling resistance of compression members .................................................................................64 G.2 Effective slenderness factor k ..........................................................................................................64

Annex H [informative] – Buckling length and slenderness of members ...................................................70

H.1 General .............................................................................................................................................70 H.2 Leg members....................................................................................................................................70 H.3 Bracing members .............................................................................................................................71 H.4 Secondary bracing members ............................................................................................................78 H.5 Shell structures .................................................................................................................................79

BS EN 1993-3-1:2006