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2

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msweav‡bi 102 Aby‡”Q` Abymv‡i 20Ð4Ð2009 Zvwi‡L cÖwZev`xMY eive‡i

wbæwjwLZ i“j Rvix K‡i t

“Let a Rule Nisi be isused calling upon the respondents to show

cause as to why the impugned publication of June, 2004 edition of

“History of Bangladesh War of Independence”, published by the

Ministry of Liberation War Affairs, Government of Bangladesh, so

far as it relates to the declaration of independence of Bangladesh at

Page 1 in 3rd Volume, should not be declared ultra vires and is of no

legal effect and why a declaration should not be made to impose a

ban on the distribution of the said publication and further to

confiscate all publication/published editions in reference to the

3

reprint of the said volume printed in June 2004 by the Ministry of

Liberation War Affairs and directing the respondents to initiate

necessary investigation followed by appropriate legal action against

the perpetrators of the distortion of the national history of

Bangladesh and also direct the respondents to provide the Hon’ble

Court copies or photo-stat copies, duly athenticated, of all

newspaper publications, published from 1st March to 25th March,

1971, from the office of the Director of Library and National

Archives, Government of Bangladesh and/or such other or further

order or orders passed as to this Court may seem fit and proper.

The Rule is made returnable within 3(three) weeks from date.

Requisites to be put in at once.

Mr. M. Enayetur Rahim, the learned Additional Attorney

General, appears on behalf of the respondent-Government.

Let a copy of this Rule be forwarded to the learned Attorney

General, Government of Bangladesh, immediately.”

c¶MY I Zvnv‡`i wjwLZ e³e¨ t

28Ð4Ð2009 Zvwi‡L njdK…Z GKwU `iLv†¯—i gva¨‡g Rbve †ejvj

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4

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`iLv¯—Kvix †h‡nZy GKRb gyw³‡hv×v wQ‡jb †mB‡nZy 1971 m‡bi 7B gvP© Zvwi‡Li

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5

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eivZ w`qv AviI eY©bv Kiv nq †h 6Ð11Ð1971 Zvwi‡L fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x wg‡mm

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Bangladesh Documents Vol-I Gi cÖwZ eivZ w`qv eY©bv K‡ib †h evsjv‡`‡ki

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(G¨v‡bKPviÐ3 I 4)|

6

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7

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8

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weÁ G¨vW&‡fv‡KU g‡nv`q wb‡e`b K‡ib †h m¦vaxbZvi 33 ermi ci

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cÖ_‡g Shahriar Rashid Khan V. Bangladesh 49 DLR (1997) 133 †gvKvÏgvi bwR‡ii

eivZ w`qv wb‡e`b K‡ib †h PZy_© Zdwm‡j ewY©Z welqvw` msweav‡bi Ask bq Ges

†m‡nZy m¦vaxbZvi †NvlYvcÎI msweav‡bi Ask bq|

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‰eaZvi cÖkœ DÌvcb Kiv nq| Dc‡iv³ AvBb Øviv The Indemnity Ordinance, 1975

(L of 1975) iwnZ Kiv nq| D‡j−L¨ †h, D³ Aa¨v‡`k Øviv e½eÜy †kL gywReyi

9

ingvb I Zuvnvi cwievie‡M©i b„ksm nZ¨vKv‡Ûi wePv‡ii c_ 21 ermi hver i“×

Kwiqv ivLv nBqvwQj| D³ nZ¨vKv‡Ûi wePv‡ii c_ myMg Kwievi j‡¶¨ Dc‡iv³

AvBbØviv Aa¨v‡`kwU evwZj Kwi‡j Dc‡i ewY©Z †gvKvÏgvwUi m~ÎcvZ nq| D³

†gvKvÏgvq Indemnity (Repeal) Act, 1996 †K ‰ea †Nvlbv Kiv nq| GB cÖm‡½ iv‡q

gš—e¨ Kiv nq †h D³ Indemnity Ordinance, 1975, msweav‡bi Ask bq, wKš‘

PZy_© Zdwmj msweav‡bi Ask bq Zvnv D³ iv‡q ejv nq bvB, ei D³ Zdwmj

†h msweav‡bi Ask ZvnvB wbwðZ Kiv nBqv‡Q| D³ iv‡qi 67 `dvq eY©bv Kiv

nq t

“67 Accordig to Mr. Korban Ali and Mr. Khondaker Mahbubuddin

Ahmed, this Ordidnance was made a part of the Constitution by

paragraphs 3A and 18 of the 4th schedule of the Constitution. But it

appears that neither the 4th schedule nor any other provision of the

Constitution provides that this Indemnity Ordinance No. 50 of 1975

should be treated as a part of the Constitution. Rather, by paragraphs

3A and 18 of the 4th Schedule of the Constitution it was protected

and continued as existing law in the category of “other laws” which

were promulgated in between the period from 15th August, 1975 and

9th April, 1979. Since it was an ordinary piece of legislation being

saved, protected and is continued under paragraphs 3A and 18 of the

4th Schedule of the Constitution, it can be amended or repealed by

simple majority members of the Parliament.”

ïay ZvnvB b‡n, Dc‡iv³ †gvKvÏgvi Avwc‡ji iv‡q Avcxj wefvM wewfbœ

¯’v‡b PZy_© Zdwmj‡K msweav‡bi Ask wnmv‡eB eY©bv Kwiqv‡Q (“4th schedule of the

Constitution.”)| GgZ Ae¯’vq ‘Proclamation of Independence’ msweav‡bi Ask b‡n

Rbve i“ûj KzÏym, G¨vW&‡fv‡KU&, Gi GB e³e¨ Zvnvi DÌvwcZ KviYvax‡b mwVK

b‡n| ‘The Proclamation of Independence’ Aek¨B msweav‡bi Ask|

AZtci, Rbve i“ûj KzÏym, G¨vW&‡fv‡KU&, KZ„©K DÌvwcZ e³e¨ †h †kL

gywReyi ingvb KZ„©K 26 †k gvP© Gi cÖ_g cÖn‡i †h m¦&vaxbZv †NvlYv Kiv nq

bvB Zvnvi m¦c‡¶ wewfbœ NUbvejx eY©bv K‡ib I hyw³ DÌvcb K‡ib|

Zvnvi e³‡e¨i mvivsk wb¤§iƒc t

10

ÔÔcÖ_gZt cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbx 25‡k gvP© w`evMZ iv‡Î XvKv kn‡i

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Kwiqv K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U jBqv hvIqv nq, Kv‡RB †Kvb cÖKvi †NvlYv

cÖ`vb Kwievi †Kvb AeKvk Zuvnvi wQj bv|

wØZxqZt wZwb †NvlYv cÖ`vb KwiqvwQ‡jb Ggb †Kvb Z_¨ wjwce×

bvB|

Z„ZxqZt fvi‡Zi ZrKvjxb cÖavbgš¿x kÖxgwZ Bw›`iv MvÜx

6Ð11Ð1971 Zvwi‡L hy³iv‡óªi Kjvw¤¦qv wek¦we`¨vj‡q cÖ`Ë GK

fvl‡Y e‡jb †h †kL gywRe †MªdZvi nIqvi ci m¦vaxbZvi `vex

DwVqvwQj, Zvnvi Rvbvg‡Z wZwb GLbI †Kvb m¦vaxbZv `vex K‡ib bvB

( evsjv‡`k WKz‡g›Um&, 2q LÛ, c„ôvÐ275, fviZ miKvi KZ„©K

cÖKvwkZ)|ÕÕ

wZwb Zvnvi e³‡e¨ e‡jb †h, †kL gywRe bq, eiÂ, †gRi wRqvDi ingvb †h

evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv KwiqvwQ‡jb Zvnvi `vwjwjK cÖgvY iwnqv‡Q| 26‡k

gvP© ivÎ 2.15 wgwb‡U Zvnvi †bZ„‡Z¡ 8g Bó †e½j †iwR‡g›U we‡`Övn †NvlYv

K‡i| Zrci mKj Awdmvi I wmcvnx‡`i‡K GKwÎZ Kwiqv wZwb m¦vaxbZvi †NvlYv

†`b| ZvnvQvov, 27B gvP© Zvwi‡L wec−ex †eZvi †K›`ª, PÆMªvg, nB‡Z wZwb cÖ_g

m¦vaxbZvi †NvlYv cÖ`vb K‡ib| GB `vexi m¦c‡¶ wZwb fviZ miKvi KZ„©K

cÖKvwkZ evsjv‡`k WKz‡g›U&m, cÖ_g LÛ, c„ôv 284 Gi eivZ w`qv 11B GwcÖj,

1971, Zvwi‡L cÖevmx evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii cÖavbgš¿x ZvRDwÏb Avn&‡g` GK †eZvi

fvl‡Y †gRi wRqvDi ingvb †h cÖ_g m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv KwiqvwQ‡jb Zvnvi eY©bv

K‡ib| ZvnvQvov, weÁ G¨vW&‡fv‡KU& g‡nv`q Rbve Gg, mvgmyj nK wjwLZ

Bangladesh in International Politics Mª‡š’i eivZ w`qv e‡jb †h, 1977 m‡bi 26‡k

wW‡m¤¦i wRqvDi ingvb ivóªcwZ wnmv‡e fviZ md‡i †M‡j fvi‡Zi ivóªcwZ bxjg

mÄxe †iW&wW Zvnv‡K m¦vaxbZvi cÖ_g †NvlYv`vbKvix wnmv‡e eY©bv K‡ib|

26‡k gvP© iv‡Î we‡`Övn I m¦vaxbZv †NvlYvi †h NUbv weÁ G¨vW&‡fv‡KU&

g‡nv`q eY©bv Kwi‡jb H Zvwi‡Li c~‡e© Z`vwbš—b c~e© cvwK¯—vbevmxi

m¦vqZ¡kvmb ev m¦vaxbZvi Rb¨ †gRi wRqvDi ingv‡bi †Kvb Ae`vb wQj wK bv

Ges †m m¤¦‡Ü †Kvb Z_¨ Zvnvi Rvbv Av‡Q wKbv cÖkœ Kwi‡j wZwb wbi“Ëi _v‡Kb|

11

Zrci, Rbve L›`Kvi gvneye& DwÏb Avn‡¤§`, G¨vW&‡fv‡KU&, 11 bs cÖwZev`x

c‡¶ Zvnvi e³e¨ Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| weÁ G¨vW&‡fv‡KU g‡nv`q Zvnvi e³‡e¨i

cÖ_‡gB msweav‡bi 102 Aby‡”Q‡`i AvIZvq nvB‡KvU© wefv‡Mi GL&wZqvi m¤¦‡Ü

Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb †h mvaviYfv‡e msweavb ewnf~©Zfv‡e †Kvb AvBb

cÖYqb Kiv nB‡j, †gŠwjK AwaKvi f½ Kwiqv cÖkvmwbK †Kvb c`‡¶c Mªnb

Kwi‡j, AvBb ewnf~©Z †Kvb c`‡¶c Mªnb Kwi‡j, GL&wZqvi ewnf~©Z ev ¶gZv

ewnf~©Z †Kvb c`‡¶c hw` †Kvb KZ„©c¶ Mªnb K‡ib Z‡e nvB‡KvU© wefvM

msweav‡bi 102 Aby‡”Q‡`i AvIZvq Bnvi Judicial Review Kwievi ¶gZve‡j

cÖYxZ AvBb ev ZwK©Z c`‡¶c A‰ea †Nvlbv Kwi‡Z cv‡ib ev evwZj Kwi‡Z

cv‡ib| ZvnvQvov, ZwK©Z c`‡¶c hw` mvaviY b¨vq wePvi ewnf~©Z nq (violation

of natural Justice) ev Am`y‡Ïk¨ RwbZ nq (mala fide) Zvnv nB‡jI nvB‡KvU© wefvM

Bnvi RywWwmqvj wiwfD ¶gZvi AvIZvq ZwK©Z Av‡`k ev c`‡¶c evwZj Kwi‡Z

cv‡ib wKš‘ †Kvb Z_¨ msµvš— welq m¤¦‡Ü Z`š— Kwi‡Z ev we‡ePbv Kwi‡Z cv‡ib

bv|

eZ©gvb †gvKvÏgvi welqe¯—y m¤¦‡Ü wZwb wb‡e`b K‡ib †h m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv

m¤¦‡Ü wewfbœ c¶ we‡kl Kwiqv `iLv¯—Kvix I 11 bs cÖwZev`xi e³e¨ m¤ú~Y©

wecixZ| †h‡nZy welqwU Z_¨ wfwËK Ges ci¯úi we‡ivax †mB‡nZy AÎ ixU&

†gvKvÏgvwU i¶Yxq bq| KviY, ixU& †gvKvÏgv PvwiwÎKfv‡e GKwU msw¶ß

wePviKvh©| Z‡e G m¤¦‡Ü †`Iqvbx Av`vj‡Z †gvKvÏgv nB‡Z cv‡i ewjqv wZwb

wb‡e`b K‡ib|

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†h Bnvi cÖ_g Ask we‡ePbv Kiv †M‡jI wØZxq Ask we‡ivaxq Z_¨ wfwËK weavq

ixU& †gvKvÏgvq we‡ePbv †hvM¨ bq|

evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZvhy× `wjjcÎ Mª‡š’i Z„Zxq L‡Ûi 2q c„ôvi 3q c¨vivi

cÖwZ `„wó AvKl©b KiZt wZwb e‡jb This was crystilised by the process of distillation|

AZtci, wZwb 6Ð11Ð1971 Zvwi‡L Kjvw¤¦qv wek¦we`¨vj†q Bw›`iv MvÜxi

fvl‡Y †kL gywRe m¦vaxbZvi WvK †`b bvB GB e³e¨ DÌvcb Kwi‡j Zvnv‡K

wRÁvmv Kiv nq †h wZwb wb‡R wek¦vm K‡ib wK bv †h †kL gywRe m¦vaxbZv Pv‡nb

12

bvB| GB ch©v‡q Lunch recess nBqv hvq| Lunch recess Gi c‡i Zvnvi e³e¨

DÌvcb Kwi‡Z wMqv wZwb e‡jb †h wZwb I †kL gywRe GKB GjvKvi GKB

we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ wQ‡jb Ges wZwb Zuvnv‡K Nwbôfv‡e Rvwb‡Zb, wZwb wek¦vm K‡ib bv

†h †kL gywRe m¦vaxbZv Pv‡nb bvB|

wZwb AviI wb‡e`b K‡ib †h evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZvi †¶‡Î †kL gywR‡ei

†bZ„Z¡ I Ae`vb †KnB Am¦xKvi K‡i bv wKš‘ 27 †k gvP© †gRi wRqvDi ingvb

m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv KwiqvwQ‡jb wK bv Zvnv jBqvB weZK©|

9 bs cÖwZev`xc‡¶ cÖ`Ë e³e¨ t

`iLv¯—Kvixi Av‡e`‡bi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Rbve †ejvj †gvnv¤§`†K 9 bs

cÖwZev`x wnmv‡e c¶fy³ Kiv nq| wZwb 20Ð5Ð2009 Zvwi‡L njdK…Z GK

Gwd‡WwfU `vwLj Kwiqv `iLv¯—Kvixi e³e¨ mg_©b KiZt 26 †k gvP© 1971

Zvwi‡L wK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z m¦vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K›`ª ¯’vcb Kiv nBqvwQj Ges wKfv‡e

†gRi wRqvDi ingvb 27†k gvP© Zvwi‡L KvjyiNvU †eZvi †K‡›`ª wMqvwQ‡jb Zvnv

eY©bv K‡ib| D‡j−L¨ †h 11bs cÖwZev`x cÖvq GKBiƒc `vex K‡ib|

Rbve gybmyi“j nK †PŠayix, G¨vW&‡fv‡KU&, 9 bs cÖwZev`xc‡¶ `vwLjK…Z

Gwd‡WwfU& I 1983 m‡b cÖKvwkZ Ôm¦vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K›`ªÕ cy¯—‡K cÖ`Ë

eY©bvi eivZ w`qv wb‡e`b K‡ib †h 9 bs cÖwZev`x 26‡k gvP© cÖZy¨‡l e½eÜy

evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv Kwiqv‡Qb ewjqv Rvwb‡Z cv‡ib| AZtci, K‡qKRb

mnKgx© mn‡hv†M wZwb PÆMªv‡gi KvjyiNv‡U Aew¯’Z ÷ywWI nB‡Z 26‡k gvP©

mܨvq m¦vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K‡›`ªi wbqwgZ Kvh©µg Avi¤¢ KwiqvwQ‡jb|

G¨vW&‡fv‡KU& g‡nv`q e‡jb †h, H mg‡q cÖ_‡gB e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb Gi

m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv m¤¦wjZ mvB‡K¬vóvBj Kiv fvlY evi evi cvV Kiv nB‡Z _v‡K|

ciw`b 27‡k gvP© ‰eKv‡j 9 bs cÖwZev`x cwUqv _vbvq Aew¯’Z †gRi wRqvDi

ingvb†K KvjyiNvU¯’ †eZvi †K‡›`ª jBqv Av‡mb| 9 bs cÖwZev`xi cÖ¯—v‡e

Zvnvi mwnZ civgk© Kwiqv †gRi wRqvDi ingvb †eZv‡i e½eÜy †kL gywReyi

ingv‡bi c‡¶ cybivq m¦vaxbZvi †NvlYv cvV K‡ib|

13

AwZwi³ A¨vUwY©Ð‡Rbv‡i‡ji e³e¨ t

Rbve Bbv‡qZyi inxg, AwZwi³ A¨vUwY©Ð†Rbv‡ij, Dc‡iv³ Gwd‡WwfU Gi

mwnZ mshy³ KvMRvw` I wewfbœ cy¯—K D‡j−L KiZt wb‡e`b K‡ib †h evsjv‡`‡ki

m¦vaxbZv ivZvivwZ AR©Z nq bvB| 1949 m‡b evsjv fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi m~ÎcvZ

nB‡Z wZwb gyw³hy‡×i cÖvi¤¢ ch©š— gyw³hy‡×i †cÖ¶vcU eY©bv K‡ib| wZwb wb‡e`b

K‡ib †h, ‡h †Kvb iv‡óªi BwZnvm Bnvi RbM‡Yi wbKU AZ¨š— †MŠiegq I

g~j¨evb| c„w_exi †h †Kvb RvwZ Bnvi BwZnvm Me© I gg‡Z¡i mwnZ msi¶Y K‡i|

GB Global ClubG cÖwZwU RvwZ Zvnv‡`i wb‡R‡`i mZ¨Kvi BwZnvm An¼v‡ii mwnZ

Zywjqv awi‡Z †Póv K‡i|

weÁ AwZwi³ A¨vUwY© ІRbv‡ij gyw³hy‡×i †cÖ¶vcU eY©bv KiZt wb‡e`b

K‡ib †h 25‡k gvP© w`evMZ iv‡Î 26 gv‡P©i cÖ_g cÖn‡i RvwZi RbK e½eÜy

†kL gywReyi ingvb evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡ib| wZwb Zvnvi GB e³‡e¨i

m¦c‡¶ mswk−ó mg‡qi eûwea msev`cÎ Ges KvMRcÎ Zvnvi Gwd‡Wwf†Ui mwnZ

`vwLj K‡ib| ZvnvQvovI evsjv‡`k miKvi KZ„©K 1982 m‡b cÖKvwkZ Ôevsjv‡`‡ki

m¦vaxbZvi hy× `wjjcÎÕ m¤¦wjZ Mªš’vejx Ges Ab¨vb¨ eû Mªš’ nB‡Z cvV Kwiqv

†kvbvb| wZwb AviI wb‡e`b K‡ib †h m¦vaxbZvi ci GgbwK †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi

ingvb wb‡R ev Zvnvi RxeÏkvqI †Kn G m¤¦‡Ü †Kvb cÖkœ DÌvcb K‡ib bvB,

wRqvDi ingvb wb‡RI KLbI wb‡R‡K m¦vaxbZvi †NvlK `vex K‡ib bvB| D‡j−L¨

†h wRqvDi ingv†bi RxeÏkvq wZwb hLb evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªcwZ I cÖavb mvgwiK

AvBb cÖkvmK ZLb 1977 m‡b m¦vaxbZv msMªv‡gi BwZnvm iPbvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Rbve

nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb‡K we‡kl fvicÖvß Kg©KZ©v c‡` wb‡qvM cÖ`vb Kiv nq|

cieZx©‡Z †mB D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU Authentication Committee MVb Kiv nq| Zrci

evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii Z_¨ gš¿Yvjq Ôevsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZvhy× `wjjcÎÕ Gi 15 LÛ

1982 m‡b cÖKvk K‡i| Authentication Committee D³ Mª‡š’i 3q L‡Û e½eÜy

KZ„©K †cÖwiZ evZ©v DׄZ K‡ib Ges mKj cÖKvi Z_¨ I `wj‡ji Dci wbf©i

Kwiqv wjwce× K‡ib †h 1971 m‡bi 26‡k gvP© e½eÜy evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv

†NvlYv KwiqvwQ‡jb|

14

weÁ AwZwi³ A¨vUwY©Ð†Rbv‡ij g‡nv`q Gwd‡WwfU¸wji mwnZ mshy³

KvMRvw` I `wjjc‡Îi eivZ w`qv wb‡e`b K‡ib †h D³ Mª‡š’ e½eÜy †h

m¦vaxbZv †Nvlbv KwiqvwQ‡jb Zvnv mwVK fv‡eB eY©bv Kiv nBqv‡Q| 2003 m‡b

D³ Mªš’wUi cybg©y`Ö†Y D³ mwVK Z_¨B cÖwZdwjZ nBqv‡Q| wKš‘ 2004 m‡bi

cybg©y`ÖYKv‡j cÖZ¨qb KwgwU nxb ivR‰bwZK D‡Ïk¨ PwiZv_© Kwievi j‡¶¨ m¤ú~Y©

wg_¨v Z_¨ cwi‡ekb c~e©K 1982 m‡bi g~j cÖvgvY¨KiY KwgwUi mwVK Z_¨ÐwfwËK

wm×vš— cwinvi c~e©K wRqvDi ingvb m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv KwiqvwQ‡jb GBi“c wg_¨v I

wfwËnxb Z_¨ gy`ªY I cwi‡ekb K‡ib|

GwgKvm wKDwiqvi e³e¨ t

Avgv‡`i Avnev‡b Rbve Gg, AvwgiÐDj Bmjvg, G¨vW‡fv‡KU, GwgKvm

wKDwiqv, Zvnvi e³e¨ †ck K‡ib| wZwb wb‡R GKRb gyw³‡hv×v wQ‡jb Ges 10B

GwcÖj Zvwi‡L cÖ`Ë ‘The Proclamation of Independence’Gi Lm&ov cÖ¯—yZKvix‡`i

Ab¨Zg wQ‡jb| m¦vaxbZvi ci msweavb cÖYqb KwgwUi wZwbI GKRb m`m¨ wQ‡jb|

wZwb `iLv¯—Kvixc‡¶i weÁ G¨vW&‡fv‡KU& I AwZwi³ A¨vUwY©Ð †Rbv‡ij

g‡nv`†qi b¨vq 1947 m‡b fviZÐcvwK¯—vb m¦vaxbZvi mgq nB‡Z Z`vwbš—b

c~e©ÐcvwK¯—v‡bi RbM‡Yi eÂbvi Ges Zvnv‡`i msMªv‡gi BwZnvm eY©bv K‡ib|

1947 m‡bi c~‡e© cÖvKÐm¦vaxbZvi mgq †kL gywReyi ingvb GKRb QvÎ †bZv

wQ‡jb| †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`x©i nvZ awiqv wZwb ivRbxwZ‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡ib|

m¦vaxbZvi ci wewfbœ `vex we‡kl Kwiqv evsjv fvlv‡K ivóªfvlv Kwievi `vex,

m¦vqËÐkvm‡bi `vex, 6 `dv Av‡›`vjb cÖf„wZ msMªvg I †Rj Ryjy‡gi ga¨ w`qv

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cvwK¯—v‡bi Z`vwbš—b ivóªcwZ wdì gvk©vj AvBDe Lvb †kL gywRe KZ„©K DÌvwcZ

6 `dvi `vexi Reve A‡¯¿i fvlvq cÖ`v‡bi ûgwK cÖ`vb K‡ib| BwZg‡a¨ 1968

m‡b AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv `v‡qi KiZt Zuvnv‡K 1 bs cÖavb Avmvgx Kiv nq|

Zuvnvi wQj cig AvZ¥wek¦vm I `yR©q mvnm| G,†K, dRjyj nK, †nv‡mb knx`

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mK‡jB †kL gywR‡ei e‡qv‡R¨ô wQ‡jb| wKš‘ evOvjxi RvwZ Ðm¦Ë¡v‡K (Bengali

15

Nationalism) wZwbB RvMªZ Kwi‡Z mg_© nBqvwQ‡jb| evOvjx RvwZi `vex Av`v‡qi

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`v‡qi KwiqvwQ‡jb| †bj&mb& †g‡Ûjvi b¨vq wZwbI Rxe‡bi GKÐZ„Zxqvs†ki‡I AwaK

mgq †RjLvbvq KvUvBqvwQ‡jb| evOvjxi Rb¨ Zuvnvi cig ggZ¡‡eva Ges Zuvnvi

Amvgvb¨ mvsMVwbK ¶gZv e‡j wZwbB †mB cÖ_g evOvjx RvwZ‡K HK¨e× Kwi‡Z

mg_© nBqvwQ‡jb Ges evOvjx RvwZi me©Kv‡ji me©†kÖô †bZvq cwiYZ nb| Zuvnvi

†bZ„‡Z¡ 1970 Ð71G cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖ_g mvaviY wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jxM Z`vwbš—b

cvwK¯—v‡bi MYcwil‡` 169wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 167wU Avmb jvf Kwiqv wbi¼yk

msL¨vMwiôZv jvf K‡i|

weÁ GwgKvm wKDwiqv 1971 m‡bi gvP© gv‡m cÖKvwkZ B‡ËdvK cwÎKvi

cÖwZ `„wó AvKl©b c~e©K wb‡e`b K‡ib †h Bqvwnqv Lvb 1jv gvP© Zvwi‡L GK

†NvlYvq 3iv gvP© Zvwi‡L XvKvq AbyôxZe¨ RvZxq msm` D‡×vab Abyôvb ¯’wMZ

K‡ib| m‡½ m‡½ mgMª c~e© cvwK¯—vb DËvj nBqv I‡V | 2iv gvP© Zvwi‡L

†K›`ªxq I cÖv‡`wkK msm‡`i AvIqvgx jxM nB‡Z wbe©vwPZ mKj m`m¨ †kL

gywRe‡K †h †Kvb wm×vš— ev c`‡¶c Mªnb Kwievi Rb¨ cwic~Y© AwaKvi cÖ`vb

K‡ib| 3iv gvP© Zvwi‡L †kL gywR‡ei †h‡Kvb wm×v‡š—i cÖwZ eva¨ _vwKevi A½xKvi

KiZt Zvnviv mK‡j kc_ Mªnb K‡ib| AZtci c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi Avcvgi RbmvaviY

I miKvix †emiKvix Kg©KZ©v ÐKg©PvixMY Zuvnvi wb‡`©k Abymv‡i Kvh© Kwi‡Z

_v‡K| cÖ‡`‡ki mKj Kvh©vejx, e¨emvÐevwbR¨, AwdmÐAv`vjZ Zuvnvi wb‡`©k

Abymv‡i cwiPvwjZ nB‡Z _v‡K| 7B gvP© Zvwi‡L igbv †im‡Kvm© D`¨v‡b †kL

gywRe GK HwZnvwmK fvlY cÖ`vb K‡ib| †mB mgq †im‡Kv‡m©i cÖvš—‡`‡k

cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖavb ‡mbvcwZ †Rbv‡ij Avãyj nvwg` Lvb m¦qs Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| †kL

gywRe hw` m¦vaxbZv †Nvlbv K‡ib Z‡e Kzwg©‡Uvjvq Aew¯’Z mymw¾Z wegvb evwnbx

g~û‡Z©B Zuvnv‡K mn j¶ j¶ RbZv †evgvi AvNv‡Z wbwðý Kwiqv †`Iqvi Rb¨

cÖ¯—yZ wQj| GBiƒc cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †kL gywRe †Nvlbv K‡ib †h ÔGev‡ii msMªvg

m¦vaxbZvi msMªvgÕ| †mB g~ûZ© nB‡Z mgMª evOvjx RvwZ Pyovš— AvNv‡Zi Rb¨

gvbwmK cÖ¯—ywZ Mªnb Kwi‡Z _v‡K Ges GKB mv‡_ cÖwZNv‡Zi Rb¨I ‰Zwi nq|

16

evOvjx RvwZi Rxe‡bi H cig µvwš—Kvjxb mg‡q wZwb Zuvnvi ‡bZvi mwnZ

me©g~ûZ© AwZevwnZ Kwiqv‡Qb ewjqv weÁ GwgKvm wKDwiqv Rvbvb Ges av‡c av‡c

wKfv‡e evsjv‡`k m¦vaxbZvi w`‡K AvMvBqv hvB‡ZwQj Zvnv AZ¨š— Av‡e‡Mi mwnZ

gg©¯úkx© fvlvq eY©bv K‡ib|

wZwb e‡jb †h GBiƒc cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Bqvwnqv Lvb c~e© cvwK¯—v†b AvMgb KiZt

†kL gywR‡ei mwnZ ‰eVK Kwi‡Z eva¨ n‡qb| wZwb cvwK¯—v‡bi cªavbgš¿x‡Z¡i c`

†njvq cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib wKš‘ 6 `dvi wfwˇZ msweavb cÖYqb Kwievi `vex nB‡Z

GK PyjI wePy¨r n‡qb bvB|

wZwb e‡jb †h, 25‡k gvP© mܨvq e½eÜy Lei cvb †h †Kvb wm×vš— Mªnb

e¨vwZ‡i‡KB Bqvwnqv Lvb XvKv Z¨vM Kwiqv‡Qb| AZtci wZwb mswk−ó mKj

†bZvÐKg©x‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© cÖ`vb c~e©K XvKv Z¨v‡Mi wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡ib|

G¨vW&‡fv‡KU& g‡nv`q wb‡RI Ab¨Zg †kl e¨w³ whwb e½eÜyi wbKU nB‡Z we`vq

Mªnb Kwiqv gyw³hy‡×i cÖ¯—ywZ Mªnb K‡ib| cvwK¯—vb mvgwiK evwnbx XvKv kn‡i

MYnZ¨v ïi“ Kwievi m‡½ m‡½ c~e© cwiKíbv Abymv‡i e½eÜy Bó cvwK¯—vb

ivB‡dj&m I Ab¨vb¨ ¯’v‡b iw¶Z Iq¨vi‡jm †gwmb gvidr mgMª evsjv‡`‡k Zuvnvi

m¦vaxbZv †NvlYvi evZ©v cÖ`vb K‡ib| ZvnvQvov, ¸wj¯—vb¯’ wU G¨vÛ wU Awdm

nB‡Z e½eÜy cÖ`Ë †NvlYv †UwjMªvg gvidr me©Î †cÖiY Kiv nq| GBfv‡e 25‡k

gvP© w`evMZ ivÎ nB‡Z 26‡k gvP© mKv‡ji g‡a¨B mgMª evsjv‡`‡k e½eÜy KZ„©K

cÖ`Ë m¦vaxbZvi †NvlYv †cuŠQvBqv hvq| Bó cvwK¯—vb ivB‡dj&m Gi m`i `dZi

wcjLvbv Ges ivRvievM¯’ cywjk jvB‡b me©cÖ_g Avµgb ïi“ nq Ges Dfq ¯’v‡bB

cvwK¯—vb mvgwiK evwnbx cÖPÛ cÖwZ‡iv‡ai m¤§yLxb nq| Dfq ¯’v‡bB kZ kZ

wmcvnx evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZvi Rb¨ me© cÖ_g m‡e©v”P AvZ¥Z¨vM K‡ib|

Zrci weÁ G¨vW&‡fv‡KU& g‡nv`q †g‡nicy‡ii ‰e`¨bv_ bvgK ¯’v‡b cÖ_g

evsjv‡`k miKvi MV‡bi †cÖ¶vcU I NUbvejx eY©bv K‡ib|

10B GwcÖj 1971 Zvwi‡L evsjv‡`k miKvi KZ„©K mvsweavwbKfv‡e Ôm¦vaxbZv

†NvlYvÕ ev ÔThe Proclamation of IndependenceÕ Rvix Kiv nq| Aóg ms‡kvabx

†gvKvÏgvi DׄwZ cÖ`vb Kwiqv wZwb e‡jb †h D³ m¦vaxbZv †NvlbvcÎB nB‡Z‡Q

evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g mvsweavwbK `wjj ( BLD Special Issue, 1989, Para-44-46, Page -55) |

17

H `wj‡jI e½eÜy KZ„©K 26‡k gvP© Gi cÖ_g cÖn‡i cÖ`Ë m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv

cybe©¨³ I Aby‡gv`b K‡i|

Zrci, wZwb wb‡e`b K‡ib †h Ôm¦vaxbZv †NvlYvÕ cÎB msweav‡bi PZy_©

Zd&mxjØviv Aby‡gvw`Z I mgw_©Z nBqv‡Q| msweav‡bi 150 Aby‡”Q` PZy_© Zdmx‡j

ewY©Z µvwš—Kvjxb weavbvejx‡K mvsweavwbK Aby‡gv`b cÖ`vb K‡i A_©vr m¦vaxbZv

†NvlYvcÎI mvsweavwbK m¦xK…wZ jvf K‡i| ZvnvQvov, msweav‡bi cÖ¯—vebvi cÖ_‡gB

26‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L m¦vaxbZv †Nvlbvi K_v eY©bv Kiv nBqv‡Q| †mB avivevwnKZvq

Ôm¦vaxbZvhy× `wjjcÎÕ Gi 1982 m‡bi gy`Ö‡Y I 2003 m‡bi cybg©y`Ö‡Yi Z„Zxq

L‡Ûi 1g c„ôvq e½eÜy †h 26‡k gvP© m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv KwiqvwQ‡jb Zvnv wjwce×

iwnqv‡Q wKš‘ cieZx©†Z gyw³hy× gš¿Yvjq KZ„©K 2004 m‡b cybg©y`Ö‡Y ‡gRi

wRqvDi ingvb 27‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L cÖ_g m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv Kwiqv‡Qb ewjqv wjwce×

Kiv nBqv‡Q| Aek¨¤¢vexi“‡c cÖkœ DwV‡Z‡Q ‡h evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv w`em

wnmv‡e 26‡k gv‡P©i Ae¯’vb wK| ZvnvQvov, weÁ G¨vW&‡fv‡KU g‡nv`q cÖkœ DÌvcb

K‡ib †h 1979 m‡bi Authentication Committee AvnwiZ e½eÜy KZ„©K 26‡k gvP©

Zvwi‡L cÖ`Ë m¦vaxbZvi †NvlYv m¤úwK©Z mv¶¨ cÖgvbvw` wK wfwËnxb| ZvnvQvov, G

m¤ú‡K© 2004 m‡bi gy`ÖY wek¦vm Kwi‡j 10B GwcÖj 1971 Zvwi‡Li m¦vaxbZv

†NvlYvcÎ, msweav‡bi cÖ¯—vebv, PZy_© Zdmxj me wKQy‡KB Am¦xKvi Kwi‡Z

nB‡e| weÁ G¨vW&‡fv‡KU& g‡nv`q e‡jb †h, wRqvDi ingvb wb‡RI †Kvbw`b 26‡k

gvP© ev 27‡k gvP© ev Ab¨ †Kvb Zvwi‡L m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv KwiqvwQ‡jb ewjqv Av‡`Š

`vex K‡ib bvB, wKš‘ 2004 m‡b gyw³hy× gš¿Yvjq KZ„©K c~bg©yw`ªZ Kwc‡Z

c~‡e©i mKj Z_¨ cÖgvbvw` lohš¿g~jKfv‡e Am¦xKvi KiZt wRqvDi ingvb‡K

m¦vaxbZvi †NvlK wnmv‡e cÖwZwôZ Kwievi cÖwµqvi c`‡¶c wnmv‡e cÖ_g †NvlYvi

ZvwiL 27‡k gvP© wjwce× Kwiqv Ges †mB m‡½ GKwU cv`UxKv Rywoqv w`qv

2004 m†bi cybg©y`Ö‡Yi cÖZ¨qb KwgwU msweavb cwicš’x c`‡¶c Mªnb Kwiqv‡Qb

Ges wg_¨v Z_¨ cwi‡ekb Kwiqv cÖKviv‡š— evOvjx RvwZ Z_v wek¦evmxi mwnZ

cÖZviYv Kwiqv‡Qb|

cÖv_wgK Av‡jvPbv t

18

`iLv¯—Kvix Ges 7,9 I 11 bs cÖwZev`xc‡¶ `vwLjK…Z `iLv¯—, Gwd‡WwfU&

Ges Zrmshy³ KvMRvw` ch©‡e¶b Kiv nBj Ges c¶M‡Yi weÁ G¨vW&‡fv‡KU&

g‡nv`qMY‡K kÖeY Kiv nBj| ZvnvQvov c¶MY KZ„©K `vwLjK…Z Mªš’vw` we‡kl

Kwiqv giûg nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb m¤úvw`Z 15 LÛ m¦vaxbZv hy× `wjjcÎ

ch©‡e¶Y Kiv nBj|

cÖZxqgvb nq †h, MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi Gi c‡¶ Z_¨ gš¿Yvjq

evsjv‡`k m¦vaxbZv hy‡×i BwZnvm wjLb I gy`Öb cÖKí Mªnb K‡i|

ÔÔevsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv hy× `wjjcÎÕÕ (`wjjcÎ) bv‡g Bnvi 15 LÛ wmwiR cÖ_g

cÖKvk nq 1982 m‡b| Bnvi 3q L‡Ûi wk‡ivbvg ÔgywRe bMit cÖkvmbÕ| D³

L‡Ûi cÖ_g c„ôvq wb¤§wjwLZ †Nvlbv gyw`ÖZ nq t

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

“This may be my last message, from today Bangladesh is independent. I

call upon the people of Bangladesh wherever you might be and with

whatever you have, to resist the army of occupation to the last. Your fight

must go on until the last soldier of the Pakistan occupation army is expelled

from the soil of Bangladesh and final victory is achieved.”

[Message embodying Declaration of Independence sent by Bangagandhu Sheikh

Mujibur Rahman to Chittagong shortly after midnight of 25th March, i.e early hours

of 26th March, 1971 for transmissions throughout Bangladesh over the Ex-EPR

transmitter ]

Bnvi ZvwiL eY©bv Kiv nq 26‡k gvP©, 1971 Ges m~Î nBj evsjv‡`k

miKvi, ciivóª gš¿Yvj‡qi ewnwe©k¦ cÖPvi wefvM KZ„©K cÖKvwkZ cyw¯—Kv

ÔÔesMeÜy ¯úxK&mÕÕ|

2003 m‡b Z_¨ gš¿Yvjq D³ `wjjcÎ Mªš’ wmwiR cybgy©`ÖY K‡i| wKš‘

c‡ii ermiB 2004 m‡b GBevi gyw³hy× welqK gš¿Yvjq Dc‡iv³ `wjjcÎ

cybg©y`ÖY K‡i| D³ cybgy©`ÖÖYK…Z `wjjc‡Îi 3q L‡Ûi 1g c„ôvq 1982 m‡bi

Dc‡iv³ †NvlYv ev` w`qv wbæwjwLZ †NvlYv wjwce× Kiv nq t

‡gRi wRqvi cÖ_g m¦vaxbZv †Nvlbv

Dear fellow freedom fighters,

19

I, Major Ziaur Rahman, Provisional President and Commander-in-

Chief of Liberation Army do hereby proclaim independence of Bangladesh

and appeal for joining our liberation struggle. Bangladesh is independent.

We have waged war for the liberation of Bangladesh. Everybody is

requested to participate in the liberation war with whatever we have. We

will have to fight and liberate the country from the occupation of Pakistan

Army.

Inshallah, victory is ours.

wemwgj−vwni ivn&gvbxi ivwng

wcÖq mn‡hv×v fvB‡qiv,

Avwg, †gRi wRqvDi ingvb, evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwfkbvj †cÖwm‡W›U

I wjev‡ikb Avwg© Pxd wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv KiwQ

Ges hy‡× Ask Mªn‡bi Rb¨ Av‡e`b Rvbvw”Q| evsjv‡`k m¦vaxb|

Avgiv m¦vaxbZv hy‡× †b‡gwQ| Avcbviv †h hv cv‡ib mvg_© Abyhvqx

A¯¿ wb‡q †ewi‡q c‡ob| Avgv‡`i‡K hy× Ki‡Z n‡e Ges cvwK¯—vbx

evwnbx‡K †`kQvov Ki‡Z n‡e|

Bbkvj−vn, weRq Avgv‡`i mywbwðZ|

Bnvi wk‡ivbvg wQj Ôwec−ex †eZvi †K›`ª (PÆMªvg) n‡Z wRqvDi ingvb

KZ©„K cÖ_g m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv, ZvwiL 27 gvP©, 1971Õ| D³ cÖ_g c„ôvq GKwU

cv`UxKv mshy³ wQj| D³ cv`UxKvwU wbæiƒc t

ÔÔ26‡k gvP© 1971 ivÎ 2.15 wgwb‡U (25‡k gvP© ga¨iv‡Î)

ZrKvjxb †gRi wRqvDi ingvb Gi †bZ„‡Z¡ 8g B÷ †e½j

†iwR‡g›U we‡`Övn †NvlYv K‡i Ges †gRi wRqv 8g B÷ †e½j

†iwR‡g‡›Ui KgvwÛs Awdmvi †jt K‡Y©j RvbRyqv‡K †MªdZvi K‡ib|

Gici wZwb 8g B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui e¨vUvwjqb Awdmvi, †RwmI

Ges †Rvqvb‡`i‡K GKwÎZ K‡i m¦vaxbZvi †NvlYv †`b| mv‡_ mv‡_

¯’vbxq ivR‰bwZK †bZ¡e„›` Ges cÖkvm‡bi wewfbœ ¯—‡ii Kg©KZ©v‡K

Zv Rvbv‡bv nq|ÕÕ

Dc‡iv³ †NvlYvi m~Î wnmv‡e wec−ex †eZvi †K›`ª, PÆMªvg, eY©bv Kiv

nBqv‡Q| wKš‘ ms‡hvRxZ cv`UxKvi †Kvb m~Î eY©bv Kiv nq bvB|

20

D‡j−L¨ †h 2004 m‡bi c~Yg©y`ÖYK…Z Mª‡š’i 3q L‡Ûi 2q c„ôvq †gRi

wRqvDi ingv‡bi 28‡k gvP©, 1971, Zvwi‡Li †NvlYvi m~Î wnmv‡e m¦vaxb evsjv

†eZvi cÖPvwiZ Abyôvb gvjvi †Uc †iKW,© 28 gvP©, 1971; w` †óUm&g¨vb, w`j−x,

28 gvP©, 1971, eY©bv Kiv nq|

evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv hy× `wjjcÎ kxl©K Mª‡š’ m¦vaxbZv †NvlYvq GBiƒc

†gŠwjK cwieZ©b Avbq‡b `iLv¯—Kvix whwb wb‡R GKRb gyw³‡hv×v ¶yä nBqv AÎ

ixU& ‡gvKvÏgvwU `v‡qi Kwiqv‡Qb|

cÖZxqgvb nq †h Z_¨ gš¿Yvjq KZ„©K 1982 m‡b cÖKvwkZ evsjv‡`‡ki

m¦vaxbZv hy× `wjjcÎ (15 LÛ) cÖ_g ms¯‹iY `ª“Z wbt‡kl nBqv hvq| D³

Mª‡š’i KwcivBU wQj Z_¨ gš¿Yvj‡qi| Z_¨ gš¿Yvj‡qi c‡¶ I AbygwZµ‡g

nv°vbx cve&wjkvm© 2003 m‡b D³ Mª‡š’ wmwi‡Ri GKwU cybg©y`ªY cÖKvk K‡i| D³

cybg©y`ÖYwU cÖ_g ms¯‹i‡Yi ûeû Kwc wQj| wKš‘ gyw³hy× welqK gš¿Yvjq 2004

m‡b †h cybg©y`ªY K‡ib Zvnv cÖK…Zc‡¶ cybg©y`Ö‡Yi bv‡g cybÐms¯‹iY wQj| D³

cyb ms¯‹i‡Y †ek K‡qKwU RvqMvq Z_¨MZ fvl¨ cwieZ©b Kiv nq we‡kl Kwiqv

m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv msµvš— Z‡_¨ m¤ú~Y© cwieZ©b Avbqb Kiv nq| m¦xK…Z g‡ZB

D³ cwieZ©b gyw³hy× welqK gš¿Yvj‡qi Z`vbxš—b cÖwZgš¿xi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ MwVZ

GKwU cÖZ¨qb KwgwUi ZZ¡veav‡b Kiv nq| evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZvi †NvlK I

†NvlYvi ZvwiL `yBB evsjv‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi Rb¨ AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y©|

Avgiv c~‡e©B ewjqvwQ †h Avgiv wePviKMY HwZnvwmK bB Ges BwZnvm

wjLbI Avgv‡`i `vwq‡Z¡i g‡a¨ c‡o bv| Z‡e msweavb I AvB‡bi i¶Y, mg_©b I

wbivcËv weavb Kwi‡Z Avgiv kc_e×| mve©‡fŠg RvZxq msm` e¨wZZ msweav‡bi

GKwU we›`yI †Kn cwieZ©b Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv| Kwi‡j msweavb f‡½i `v‡q `vqx

nB‡eb| †Kn msweav‡bi eY©bv cwieZ©b Kwi‡j Zvnvi cÖwZweavb Kwi‡ZI Avgiv

mvsweavwbKfv‡e `vqe×|

m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv I †NvlK cwieZ©b m¤ú‡K© 2004 m‡bi cÖZ¨qb KwgwU

GKwU AwfgZ cÖ`vb Kwiqv‡Qb| Bnv `wjjcÎ Mª‡š’i 3q L‡Ûi 4_© c„ôvq

gyw`ÖZ nBqv‡Q| ZvnvQvov, 11 bs cÖwZev`x c‡¶ `vwLjK…Z 27Ð5Ð2009 Zvwi‡L

21

njdK…Z Gwd‡WwfU Bb A‡cvwRkv‡bi mwnZ G¨v‡bKPviÐ1 wnmv‡e mshy³ Kiv

nBqv‡Q| Bnv wb¤§i“c t

weMZ 9Ð6Ð2004 Zvwi‡L AbywôZ evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy×; `wjj

I BwZnvm welqK Mªš’ cÖKvk cÖK‡íi cÖZ¨qb KwgwUi mfvq cÖK‡íi

AvIZvq cybg©yw`ÖZe¨ `wjj Mªš’ mg~‡ni wewfbœ wel‡q Av‡jvPbv

AbywôZ nq| Av‡jvPbvi GK ch©v‡q giûg nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb

KZ„©K m¤úvw`Z evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv hy×; `wjjcÎ 3q L‡Ûi 1 bs

c„ôvq gyw`ÖZ m¦vaxbZvi †NvlYvq ‡kL gywReyi ingvb KZ„©K 25‡k

gv‡P©i ga¨iv‡Z †cÖwiZ wb‡æv³ BwcAvi †g‡mRwU ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv

nq;

“This may be my last message, from today Bangladesh is

independent. I call upon the people of Bangladesh wherever you might be

and with whatever you have, to resist the army of occupation to the last.

You fight must go on until the last soldier of the Pakistan occupation army

is expelled from the soil of Bangladesh and final victory is achieved.

mfvq cÖZ¨qb KwgwUi m`m¨e„›` G g‡g© gZ cÖKvk K‡ib †h,

Dc‡iv³ †NvlbvwU Z_¨wfwËK bq Ges Gi mZ¨Zvi e¨vcv‡i †Kvb

Drm Luy‡R cvIqv hvqwb| evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv cÖm‡½ 1971

mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤¦iÐb‡f¤¦‡i fvi‡Zi ZrKvjxb cÖavbgš¿x Bw›`iv MvÜx

hLb †kL gywReyi ingv†bi gyw³i Rb¨ wek¦e¨vwc cÖPviYvq iZ wQ‡jb

†m mg‡q wbDBq‡K©i Kjvw¤¦qv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ wk¶K‡`i GK

mgv‡e‡k 6B b‡f¤¦‡i Õ71 Zvwi‡L wZwb e‡jb,“The cry for

independence arose after Sheikh Mujib was arrested and not before. He

himself, so far as I know, has not askes for independence even now;

m¦vaxbZvi WvK G‡mwQj †kL gywRe †MªdZvi nIqvi c‡i, Zvi c~‡e©

bq| Avgvi Rvbv g‡Z wZwb †Kv‡bv mgq m¦vaxbZvi WvK †`b wb|ÕÕ

(Bangladesh Documents Vol.-II, Page-275, M/0 External Affairs, Govt. of

India-1971, Bangladesh Edition, UPL, 1999.

mfvq mKj m`m¨B AwfgZ e¨³ K‡ib †h, †gRi wRqvi 27‡k

gvP©Õ71 Gi m¦vaxbZvi †NvlYv mK‡jB ï‡b‡Qb| welqwU we¯—vwiZ

Av‡jvPbvi ci m¦vaxbZvi †NvlK wRqvi 27‡k gvP©Õ71 mv‡ji †NvlYvwU

3 bs L‡Ûi 1 bs c„ôvq ms‡hvR‡bi c‡¶ mfvq HK¨gZ cÖwZwôZ

nq| G cÖm‡½ 11 GwcÖj 1971 cÖevmx evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii

cÖavbgš¿x ZvRywÏb Avng` m¦vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K›`ª †_‡K †gRi

wRqvi m¦vaxbZv †Nvlbv m¤ú‡K© evsjv‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ †h

fvlY †`b Zv wb‡¤§ D‡j−L Kiv n‡jv

22

“The brilliant success of our fighting force and the daily additions to

their strength in manpower and captured weapons has enabled the

government of the peoples Republic of Bangladesh, first announced

thorough Major Ziaur Rahman, to set up full fledged operation base from

which it is administering the liberated areas.” jovBiZ Avgv‡`i evwnbxi

PgrKvi mvdj¨ Ges cÖwZw`b Zv‡`i kw³i m‡½ Rbe‡ji e„w×

Ges `LjxK…Z A¯¿ MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi‡K, hv †gRi

wRqvDi ingv‡bi gva¨‡g cÖ_g †NvwlZ nq, m¶g K‡i‡Q c~Y©v½

Acv‡ikbvj †em cÖwZôv Ki‡Z, †hLvb †_‡K gy³v‡ji cÖkvmwbK

Kg©KvÛ cwiPvwjZ n‡”QÕÕ (m~Î evsjv‡`k WKz‡g›Um ; cÖ_g LÛ,

c„ôv 284, fviZ miKv‡ii ciivóª gš¿Yvjq KZ„©K cÖKvwkZ) G

cÖm‡½ AviI D‡j−L K‡ib †h 1977 mv‡ji 27‡k wW‡m¤¦i ivóªcwZ

wRqvDi ingvb fviZ md‡i †M‡j Zvi m¤§v‡b Av‡qvwRZ GK †fvR

mfvq fvi‡Zi ZrKvjxb ivóªcwZ bxjg mÄxe †iwÇ Zuvi cÖwZ kÖ×v

wb‡e`b K‡i e‡jwQ‡jb ; “Your position is already assured in the annals

of the history of your country as a brave fighter who was the first to declare

the independence of Bangladesh. Since you took over the reign of

government in your country, you have earned wide respect both in

Bangladesh and abroad as a leader truly dedicated to the progress of your

country and the welbeing of your people; GKRb mvnmx gyw³‡hv×v

Ges evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZvi cÖ_g †NvlYv `vbKvix wnmv‡e Avcbvi

gh©v`v GiB g‡a¨ mycÖwZwôZ| ¶gZvq AwawôZ nevi c‡i RvZxq

AMªMwZ Ges RbKj¨v‡Y wb‡ew`Z GKRb Rb‡bZv wn‡m‡e Ges

evsjv‡`‡ki evB‡i Avcwb Mfxi kÖ×v AR©b K‡i‡Qb |ÕÕ (

Bangladesh in International Politics by M. Shamsul Haq, Page 96,

Published 1993)”.

cÖZ¨qb KwgwUi Dc‡iv³ Awfg‡Zi m¦c‡¶ 11 bs cÖwZev`x c‡¶ weÁ

G¨vW&‡fv‡KU& g‡nv`qMY Zvnv‡`i e³e¨ cÖ`vb Kwiqv‡Qb| Avgiv Dc‡iv³

Ôm¦vaxbZvi †NvlYv t cÖZ¨qb KwgwUi AwfgZÕ Ges 27‡k gvP© 1971 Zvwi‡L

†gRi wRqvDi ingv‡bi cÖ_g m¦vaxbZv †NvlYvwU AZ¨š— g‡bv‡hvM I ¸i“‡Z¡i

mwnZ cvV KwiqvwQ| cÖZ¨qb KwgwUi `vex Abymv‡i hw` m¦vaxbZvi †NvlK †gRi

wRqvDi ingvb nBqv _v‡Kb Ges D³ †Nvlbv hw` 27‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L cÖ`vb Kiv

nBqv _v‡K Zvnv nB‡j wbæwjwLZ mvsweavwbK mgm¨vi D™¢e nB‡Z‡Q t

23

K) cÖ_gZt evsjv‡`‡ki me©cÖ_g mvsweavwbK `wjj 1971 m‡bi 10B

GwcÖj Zvwi‡Li ‘The Proclamation of Independence’ G e½eÜy †kL

gywReyi ingvb 1971 m‡bi 26‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L †h m¦vaxbZv †Nvlbv

KwiqvwQ‡jb Zvnv eY©bv Kiv nBqv‡Q, GB e³‡e¨i mwnZ mvsNwl©K

nBqv hvB‡Z‡Q|

L) wØZxqZt 10B GwcÖj Zvwi‡L gywRe bMi nB‡Z cÖKvwkZ Laws

Continuance Enforcement Order G ejv nq †h, 1971 m‡bi 25‡k

gvP© Zvwi‡L evsjv‡`‡k †h mKj AvBb ejer wQj Zvnv m¦vaxbZv

†NvlbvcÎ mv‡c‡¶ ejer _vwK‡e| D³ Order 26‡k gvP© ZvwiL

nB‡Z Kvh©Ki nB‡e| wKš‘ evsjv‡`k hw` 27‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L m¦vaxb

nBqv _‡K Zvnv nB‡j cÖkœ I‡V †h Dc‡iv³ Order GKw`b c~e©

nB‡Z wKfv‡e Kvh©Ki nB‡Z cv‡i|

M) Z„ZxqZt 1972 m‡bi 11B Rvbyqvix cÖKvwkZ cÖ_g Provisional

Constitution of Bangladesh Order, 1972, 1971 m‡bi 10B GwcÖj

Zvwi‡L †NvwlZ ‘Proclamation of Independence’ Gi AvIZvq I

avivevwnKZvq †NvlYv Kiv nBqvwQj| GB `yBwU mvsweavwbK `wj‡ji

mwnZ 27‡k gv‡P©i †Nvlbv mvsNwl©K nBqv c‡o|

N) PZy_©Zt Dc‡i e¨³ Zvwi‡Li mwnZ msweav‡bi cÖ¯—vebvi cÖ_g

ev‡K¨ ewY©Z Ô1971 Lªx÷v‡ãi gvP© gv‡mi 26 Zvwi‡L m¦vaxbZv

†NvlbvÕ ÐÐÐÐÐGi mwnZ mvsNwl©K nBqv hvB‡Z‡Q ;

cÖZxqgvb nq †h msweav‡bi 150 Aby†”Q‡`i AvIZvq 10B GwcÖ‡ji GB

Proclamation mn 1971 m‡bi 26‡k gvP© nB‡Z msweavb cÖeZ©‡bi ZvwiL 16B

wW‡m¤¦i, 1972, ch©š— mKj AvBb, D³ †gqv` g‡a¨ cÖhy³ mKj ¶gZv ev

K…Z mKj Kvh© msweav‡bi PZy_© Zdwm‡ji µvwš—Kvjxb I A¯’vqx weavbvejxi 3

Aby‡”Q` Abymv‡i mvsweavwbK fv‡e msiw¶Z|

GB ‡cÖ¶vc‡U mgMª welqwU `yBfv‡e ch©‡e¶Y Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| cÖ_gZt

‡h‡nZy 2004 m‡bi cybgy©`ª‡Yi cÖZ¨qb KwgwU Bnvi Awfg‡Zi m¦c‡¶ wKQy

Z_¨MZ †hŠw³KZv DÌvcb Kwiqv‡Qb Ges 11 bs cÖwZev`xc‡¶ weÁ G¨vW&‡fv‡KU&

g‡nv`qMY D³ Z_¨vw` m¤ú‡K© we¯—vwiZ hyw³ZK© DÌvcb Kwiqv‡Qb, †mB‡nZy

11 bs cÖwZev`x c‡¶i Dc¯’vwcZ Gwd‡WwfU Bb AcwRkvbmn mKj c‡¶i

24

Gwd‡WwfU& I `vwLjK…Z KvMRvw` msweav‡bi Av‡jv‡K ch©‡e¶Y Ges we‡ePbv KiY;

wØZxqZt 2004 m‡bi KwgwUi AwfgZ Ges †mB AwfgZ Abymv‡i 2004 m‡b

gyw`ÖZ m¦vaxbZv hy× `wjjcÎ Mªš’ wmwi‡Ri 3q L‡Ûi cÖ_g c„ôvq ewY©Z Z_¨ †h

1971 m‡bi 26‡k gvP© I Zrci 27‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L †gRi wRqvDi ingvb cÖ_g

m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv KwiqvwQ‡jb †mB eY©bvi mvsweavwbK ‰eaZv we‡ePbv KiY|

2004 m‡bi cÖZ¨qb KwgwUi AwfgZ cÖm½ t

giûg nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb KZ„©K m¤úvw`Z evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv hy×

`wjjcÎt 3q L‡Ûi 1g c„ôvq gyw`ÖZ †kL gywReyi ingvb KZ©„K 25†k gv‡P©i

ga¨iv‡Î Z_v 26‡k gv‡P©i cÖ_g cÖn‡i cÖ`Ë m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv 2004 m‡b

cybg©yw`ÖZ 3q L‡Û ev` †`Iqvi hyw³ wnmv‡e cÖZ¨qb KwgwU gZ cÖKvk Kwiqv‡Qb

‡h †NvlYvwU Z_¨wfwËK bq Ges Bnvi mZ¨Zvi e¨vcv‡i Zvnviv †Kvb Drm LyuwRqv

cvb bvB| cÖZ¨qb KwgwUi AwfgZ G¨v‡bK&Pvi Ð1G eY©bv Kiv nBqv‡Q hvnv

Dc‡i DׄZ Kiv nBqv‡Q|

D³ Awfg‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZvi †NvlYv cÖm‡½ 1971 m‡b 6B

wW‡m¤¦i wbDBq‡K©i Kjvw¤¦qv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ Ðwk¶K‡`i GK mgv‡e‡k fvi‡Zi

ZrKvjxb cÖavbgš¿x Bw›`iv MvÜxi e³„Zvi wKq`sk DׄZ K‡ib| Dnv wbæi“c t

“The cry for independence arose after Sheikh Mujib was arrested and not

before. He himself, so far as I know, has not asked for independence even

now :m¦vaxbZvi WvK G‡mwQj †kL gywRe †MªdZvi nIqvi c‡i, Zvi

c~‡e© bq| Avgvi Rvbvg‡Z wZwb †Kvb mgq m¦vaxbZvi WvK †`b wbÕÕ

(Bangladesh Documents Vol-II, Page-275, M/O External Affairs, Govt. of

India-1971, Bangladesh Edition, UPL, 1999 (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

Bw›`iv MvÜxi Dc‡iv³ gš—‡e¨i cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z cÖZ¨qb KwgwU 1971 m‡bi

10B GwcÖ‡j gywRe bM‡i †NvwlZ wbæwjwLZ Proclamation of Independence ‡K

wek¦vm‡hvM¨ g‡b K‡ib bvB ewjqv cÖZxqgvb nB‡Z‡Q t

THE PROCLAMATION OF INDEPENDENCE MUJIBNAGAR, BANGLADESH Dated 10th day of April, 1971.

25

WHEREAS free elections were held in Bangladesh from 7th

December, 1970 to 17th January, to elect representatives for the purpose of

framing a Constitution,

AND

...........................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................

WHEREAS instead of fulfilling their promise and while still

conferring with the representatives of the people of Bangladesh, Pakistan

authorities declared an unjust and treacherous war,

AND

WHEREAS in the facts and circumstances of such treacherous

conduct Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the undisputed leader of

75 million of people of Bangladesh, in due fulfillment of the legitimate right

of self-determination of the people of Bangladesh, duly made a declaration

of independence at Dacca on March 26, 1971, and urged the people of

Bangladesh to defend the honour and integrity of Bangladesh,

AND

...................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................”

We the elected representatives of the people of Bangladesh, as

honour bound by the mandate given to us by the people of Bangladesh

whose will is supreme duly constituted ourselves into a Constitutent

Assembly,and

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

declare and constitute Bangladesh to be a sovereign Poeple’s

Republic and thereby confirm the declaration of independence already made

by Banga Bandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, and

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

We further resolve that this Proclamation of Independence shall be

deemed to have come into effect from 26th day of March, 1971.

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

(A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

26

Dc‡i ewY©Z The Proclamation of Independence G cwi¯‹vifv‡e †NvlYv Kiv

nBqv‡Q †h 1971 m‡bi 26‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb XvKvq

m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv KwiqvwQ‡jb|

cÖZ¨qb KwgwU 1971 m‡bi 27‡k gvP© Zvwi‡LB m¦vaxbZvi †NvlYv

nBqvwQj ewjqv gZ cÖKvk Kwiqv‡Qb A_©vr evsjv‡`‡ki g~j msweav‡bi cÖ¯—vebvi

cÖ_g Q‡Îi cÖ_g ev‡K¨i wbæwjwLZ †NvlYvI Awek¦vm Kwiqv‡Qb ewjqv cÖZxqgvb

nB‡Z‡Q t

ÔÔAvgiv evsjv‡`‡ki RbMY 1971 Lªxóv‡ãi gvP© gv‡mi 26

Zvwi‡L m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv Kwiqv RvZxq gyw³i Rb¨ HwZnvwmK msMªv‡gi

gva¨‡g m¦vaxb I mve©‡fŠg MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k cÖwZôv KwiqvwQ;ÕÕ

GgbwK Zvnviv †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingvb KZ„©K The Second Proclamation

(Fifteenth Amendment) Order, 1978 (Second Proclamation Order No. IV of 1978)

Gi Second schedule e‡j ms‡kvwaZ cÖ¯—vebvq ewY©Z ZvwiLwUI Am¦xKvi

Kwiqv‡Qb| ms‡kvwaZ cÖ¯—vebvi 1g QÎ wbæiƒc t

ÔÔAvgiv, evsjv‡`‡ki RbMY, 1971 Lªxóv‡ãi gvP© gv‡mi 26

Zvwi‡L m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv Kwiqv RvZxq m¦vaxbZvi Rb¨ HwZnvwmK

hy‡×i gva¨‡g m¦&vaxb I mve©‡fŠg MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi

cÖwZwôZ KwiqvwQ; (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

cÖZxqgvb nq †h e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb KZ„©K cÖ`Ë m¦vaxbZvi †NvlYv

Awek¦vm Kwievi wnmv‡e 2004 m‡bi cÖZ¨qb KwgwU Bw›`iv MvÜxi Dc‡iv³

6Ð11Ð1971 Zvwi‡Li gš—e¨ Ges †gRi wRqvDi ingvb†K m¦vaxbZvi †NvlK wnmv‡e

cÖwZwôZ Kwievi Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki hy×Kvjxb cÖavbgš¿xi 11Ð4Ð1971 Zvwi‡Li

fvlY I Rbve Gg kvgmyj nK wjwLZ Bangladesh in International Politics (1993) bvgK

cy¯—‡K ivóªcwZ wRqvDi ingv‡bi cÖwZ fvi‡Zi Z`vwbš—b ivóªcwZi kÖ×v wb‡e`‡bi

Dci wbf©i Kwiqv‡Qb|

27

Avgiv Dc‡i ewY©Z cÖwZwU gš—e¨/e³e¨ GLb Av‡jvPbv Kwie|

cÖavbgš¿x Bw›`iv MvÜxi fvlYwU 11 bs cÖwZev`xi 27Ð5Ð2009 Zvwi‡L

njdK…Z Gwd‡WwfU Bb A‡cvwRkv‡bi mwnZ G¨v‡bKPviÐ2 wnmv‡e mshy³ Kiv

nBqv‡Q| cÖZ¨qb KwgwU Zvnv‡`i Awfg‡Z wb‡RivB eY©bv Kwiqv‡Qb †h †kL

gywR‡ei gyw³i Rb¨ Bw›`iv MvÜx wek¦e¨vcx cÖPviYvq iZ wQ‡jb|

D‡j−L¨ †h 1971 m‡bi 25†k gvP© Zvwi‡Li w`evMZ iv‡Î cvwK¯—vb

mvgwiK evwnbx Z`vwbš—b c~e© cvwK¯—vbevmxi Dci BwZnv‡mi RNb¨Zg I b„ksmZg

MYnZ¨v (Genocide) Pvjvq| H iv‡ÎB †kL gywRe‡K mvgwiK evwnbx †MªdZvi K‡i

Ges mswk−ó mvgwiK Awdmvi †g‡mR cvVvq †h ‘ Big Bird is in case’ |

BwZg‡a¨ †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb cwðg cwK¯—v‡b cÖ¯’vb K‡ib| 26‡k gvP©

Zvwi‡L KivwP nB‡Z cÖ`Ë GK †eZvi fvl‡Y wZwb †kL gywRe‡K †`k‡`Övnx

AvL¨vwqZ Kwiqv AvIqvgx jxM‡K †eAvBbx †NvlYv K‡ib| 27‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L The

Dawn cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ Zvnvi fvl‡Yi mswk−ó Ask wbæiƒc t

(Bangladesh Documents Vol-I P-276-7):

“Sheikh Mujibur Rahman’s action of starting his non-co-operation

movement is an act of treason. He and his party have defied the

lawful authority for over three weeks. They have insulted Pakistan’s

flag and defiled the photograph of the Father of the Nation. They

have tried to run a parallel Government.

.............................................can lead to but one conclusion-

the man and his party are enemies of Pakistan and they want East

Pakistan to break away completely from the country.....................”

(A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

BnviB avivevwnKZvq 3iv AMv÷, 1971, Zvwi‡L cvwK¯—vb Television

Corporation G cÖ`Ë GK mv¶vrKv‡i †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb e‡jb :

“President Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan has said that

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, leader of the defunct Awami League,

would be put on trial.

28

He said Sheikh Mujib was arrested for committing acts of

treason and he would be dealt with under the law of the

land........................................

The President, who was asked what would be the fate of

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, said that the leader of the defunct Awami

League had deviated from his electoral campaign in which he

demanded autonomy for East Pakistan.

President Yahya said that after Sheikh Mujib got the

mandate, he and a coterie of his people deviated from that aim and

wanted secession. In other words, he said Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

had committed “acts of treason, acts of open rebellion” and incited

armed rebellion against the State.” .................................................

“How would you treat your criminal”, he posed a question to

the foreign news media representatives present at the interview.

(Bangladesh Document, Vo.II Page 21).

(A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

GB cUf~wgKvq Bw›`iv MvÜx 8B AMv÷ Zvwi‡L we‡k¦i mKj ivóª cÖav‡bi

wbKU wbæwjwLZ Aby‡iva K‡ib t

MESSAGE FROM PRIME MINISTER INDIRA GANDHI

TO HEADS OF GOVERNMENTS

August 8, 1971.

Government and people of India, as well as our Press and

Parliament, are greatly perturbed by the reported statement of President

Yahya Khan that he is going to start secret military trial of Sheikh Mujibur

Rahman without affording him any foreign legal assistance. We apprehend

that this so-called trial will be used only as a cover to execute Sheikh

Mujibur Rahman. This will aggravate the situation in East Bengal and will

create a serious situation in India because of the strong feelings of our

people and all political parties. Hence our grave anxiety. We appeal to you

to exercise your influence with President Yahya Khan to take a realistic

view in the larger interest of the peace and stability of this region.

(Bangladesh Documents, Vol II Page 28).

(A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

9B AMv÷ fviZxq ‰e‡`wkK gš¿x KZ©„K cÖ`Ë wee„wZi Ask we‡kl wb‡æ

eY©bv Kiv nBj t

29

“ Government view with grave concern press reports of President

Yahya Khan’s statement that Sheikh Mujibur Rahman would be “court

martialled”, and that he could not say whether or not the Sheikh would be

alive when the so-called Pakistan National Assembly meets. President

Yahya Khan himself had, in one of his earlier statements, referred to Sheikh

Mujibur Rahman as “the future Prime Minister of Pakistan”. As the leader

of the Awami League Party which won 167 of the 169 seats to the National

Assembly from Bangla Desh and thus had a clear majority of votes in the

National Assembly of Pakistan, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman held a unique

position as the acknowledged leader not only of East Pakistan, but of the

whole of Pakistan. What happened after the 25th of March this year is

known to the whole world. The denial of the verdict of the people and

letting loose of military oppression and trampling of the fundamental

human rights of the people of Bangla Desh stand self-condemned. Instead

of respecting the verdict of the people and acknowledging Sheikh Mujibur

Rahman as the elected and undisputed leader of Bangla Desh, the Pakistan

Government has launched a reign of terror and carried out a calculated plan

of genocide, the like of which has not been seen in recent times. To stage a

farcical trial against Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is a gross violation of human

rights and deserves to be condemned by the whole world.”

(Bangladesh Documents Vol. II Page 28-29)

H GKB 9B AMv÷ Zvwi‡L cvwK¯—vb miKvi GKwU †cÖm wiwjR cÖKvk K‡i|

Bnv wbæiƒc t

Trial For “ Waging War Against Pakistan”

Official Press Note

August 9, 1971. “ Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, President of the defunct Awami League,

will be tried by a Special Military Court for “waging war against

Pakistan”and other offences, a Press Note issued by the

Headquarters of the Chief Martial Law Administrator said to day

(August 9).

The trial will commence on August 11 in camera and its proceedings

will be secret, the Press Note said.

(THE DAWN, Karachi- August,10,1971)

30

(Bangladesh Documents, Vol.II Page 21-22).

(A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

BwZg‡a¨ RvwZms‡Ni gnvmwPemn mgMª wek¦ mvgwiK Av`vj‡Z †kL gywR‡ei

†Mvcb wePvi Abyôv‡bi wb›`v RvbvB‡Z _v‡K| RvwZÐ ms‡Ni gnvmwPe G m¤ú‡K© 10B

AMv÷ GKwU †bvU& cvwK¯—vb miKvi‡K cÖ`vb K‡ib|

15B AMv÷ 1971 Zvwi‡Li LA NACION, ey‡qb&m Gqvm© GK cÖwZ‡e`‡b

†j‡L t

ÔÔThe Secretary General of the United Nations, U-Thant, has

warned that the secret trial for treason against Mujibur Rahman,

absolute leader of East Pakistan can lead towards more serious

consequences than the hurricane which devasted East Bengal last

November and the subsequent cholera epidemic.

International observers agree with U-Thant. The 98 per cent

gained by the Awami League in the last elections is an element they

have taken into consideration to make their comments...............

.... In the meantime, Yahya Khan/s administration refuses to

reveal even the place where Rahman is being sued. Their

information only says that the trial is taking place “in some place in

Pakistan”. (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

(Bangladesh Documents, Vol.II Page 34 ).

‡R‡bfv¯’ International Commission of Jurists 17B AMv÷ Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi wbKU

wbæwjwLZ †UwjMªvg †cÖiY K‡ib t

“ President Yahya Khan, President’s House Rawalpindi.

World opinion is most apprehensive that military tribunal will

sentence Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to death. Should this happen,

International Commission of Jurists respectfully urges your Excellency to

show clemency, strength and wisdom by commuting sentence to prevent

further escalations of violence, terror and

suffering..............................(Bangladesh Documents Vol. II Page 30).

MACDERMOT.

31

Secretary-General

(A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

(Bangladesh Documents, Vol.II Page 29-30).

‡njwmswK¯’ World Peace Council mwPevjq 20‡k AMv÷ wbæwjwLZ e³e¨

cÖ`vb K‡i t

Appeal by the Secretariat, World Peace Council,

Helsinki, to the Government of Pakistan. In complete defiance of all norms of human behaviour, and

in utter disregard of world-wide public opinion, the Government of

Yahya Khan in Pakistan is putting to trial Sheikh Mujibur Rahman,

the chosen leader of the people of East Pakistan (Bangla Desh). The

trial is being held secretly, and no one knows what is being

perpetrated by the militarist rulers of Pakistan. Sheikh Mujibur

Rahman allegedly is being tried for “waging war against Pakistan”.

This, in fact, is a terminology taken over from British imperialist

rulers of India in the old colonial days when hundreds of Indian

patriots and freedom-fighters were tried, but not in secret, for

“waging war against the King-Emperor,” and hanged.

In this, as in all their other actions of massacre and pillage, the

Yahya Khan dictatorship has revealed itself to the world as imitators

of imperialists and autocrats who have nothing but contempt for the

people. The only fault of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who also fought

against British alien rulers of India while Yahya Khan and his

henchmen were loyally serving the British masters, is that the people

of Bangla Desh gave his party 167 seats out of 169 in the first –ever

general election held in Pakistan.

(A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

(Bangladesh Documents, Vol.II Page 35).

eb¯’ Der Spiegel Bnvi 30‡k AMv‡÷i cÖwZ‡e`‡b †Mvcb wePv‡i †kL

gywR‡ei †Mvcb wePvi m¤¦‡Ü mycÖxg †Kv‡U©i wePvicwZ kwd‡K DׄwZ Kwiqv e‡j t

A West-Pakistani military tribunal is deciding secretly the fate of the

political leader of East Pakistan, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Judge Shafi

knows it already;: “Of course he shall be sentenced to death.”

32

.................................................................................................

Pakistan’s Head of State, Yahya Khan, anticipated Judgment. When a

representative of the World Bank, Mr. Cargill, requested for a reprieve, the

General declaimed: “ This person is guilty of high treason, he should come

to the gallows. (Av‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

(Bangladesh Documents, Vol. II P-35)

cvwK¯—v‡bi ivóª`~Z AvMvkvnx 31 AMv÷ wbDBqK© mvsevw`KMY‡K e‡jb t

“Questioned about the trial of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, leader of

the Awami League in East Pakisntan, Mr. Shahi said his trial started

August 11 and should be over in another two weeks.

He said Sheikh Mujib had been charged with waging war

against the State and incitement to rebellion and violence.”

(A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

(Bangladesh Documents, Vol.II Page 23).

14B †m‡Þ¤¦i, 1971 Zvwi‡Li The Guardian, London cwÎKvq wbæwjwLZ

msev` cÖKvwkZ nq t

“Mr. Bottomley, Britain’s former Secretary of State for the

Commonwealth, urged Governments to put pressure on Pakistan to

release Sheikh Mujibur Rahman when a conference of the

Commonwealth Parliamentary Association opened here today

(Kuala Lampur, Septempber 13).

He said Sheikh Mujib was the only person who could speak

for the people of East Pakistan. He also gave a warning that there

would soon be a famine there in which hundreds of thousands would

die.” (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

(Bangladesh Documents, Vol.II Page 31).

w`wj−‡Z 18B †m‡Þ¤¦i, 1971, Zvvwi‡L evsjv‡`‡ki Dci AbywôZ Avš—R©vwZK

mfvq wbæwjwLZ cÖ¯—ve cvm nq t

“ The International Conference on Bangla Desh at its

meeting today (September 18,1971) in New Delhi :- Condemns the trial in secret by a Pakistan Military Tribunal of

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the beloved and undisputed leader of Bangladesh

Desh and the embodiment of the aspirations of its people, on charges of

33

“treason” for leading his party, the Awami League, to overwhelming

victory in the first ever General Elections held in Pakistan in December

1970;

Appeals to the world public opinion and governments to bring

pressure on the military Government of Pakistan to desist from this grave

violation of all canons and laws governing civil liberties and human

freedom recognised in all civilised communities; and

Urges the immediate and unconditional release of Sheikh Mujibur

Rahman and other democratically elected representatives of Bangla Desh.”

(A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

(Bangladesh Documents, Vol.II Page 32).

29‡k A‡±vei 1971 Zvwi‡Li The Times of India cwÎKvq

cÖKvwkZ nq t

“ The Austrian Chancellor, Dr. Bruno Kreisky, has deplored the

detention of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman by the West Pakistan military

junta and said that “no democratic party in Europe will tolerate it.”

(Bangladesh Documents, Vol.II Page 33).

‡kL gywR‡ei †Mvcb wePvi Ges cvwK¯—vb mvgwiK Rvš—vi cÖK…Z D‡Ïk¨

m¤¦‡Ü mviv we‡k¦i cÖwZwµqv Ges Zvnvi Rb¨ cÖK…Z DrKÚv AvswkK Dcjwäi Rb¨

Dc‡ii msev`¸wj DׄZ Kiv nBj|

Bnv Abm¦xKvh© †h cÖv_wgKfv‡e mgMª wek¦ c~e© I cwðg cvwK¯—vb mnKv‡i

GKK cvwK¯—vb‡K †`wL‡ZB Af¨¯— wQj | 1970 m‡b AbywôZ cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖ_g

mvaviY wbe©vP‡b †kL gywR‡ei †bZ„‡Z¡ Zuvnvi `j AvIqvgx jxM wbi¼zk

msL¨vMwiôZv jvf K‡i Ges wbe©vP‡bi c‡i Bqvwnqv Lvb †kL gywRe‡K cvwK¯—v‡bi

fwel¨r cÖavbgš¿x wnmv‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib| wKš‘ cieZx©‡Z evsjv‡`‡k cvwK¯—vb

mvgwiK evwnbxi bviKxq MYnZ¨v, evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv †Nvlbv, †kL gywRe‡K

‡MªdZvi Ges †`k‡`ÖvnxZvi Awf‡hv‡M †Mvcb mvgwiK Av`vj‡Z wePvi, we‡kl

Kwiqv †kL gywR‡ei fvM¨ m¤¦‡Ü mgMª wek¦we‡eK‡K ZvwoZ K‡i| BwZg‡a¨

evsjv‡`‡k Ae¯’vbiZ cvwK¯—vbx mvgwiK evwnbxi Dci gyw³‡hv×v‡`i †Pviv‡Mvßv

AvµgY µgvMZ e„w× cvB‡Z _v‡K Ges Zvnviv cÖPÛ Pv‡ci gy‡L c‡o| cwðgv‡j

34

Aew¯’Z cvwK¯—vbx mvgwiK evwnbx fviZxq evwnbxi mwnZ gy‡LvgywL Ae¯’vb jq|

GBiƒc cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †kL gywRe‡K hw` wePv‡ii bv‡g nZ¨v Kiv nq Zvnv nB‡j

evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv msMªvg †bZ„Z¡ msK†U cwZZ nBZ Ges m¦vaxb ivóª wnmv‡e

evsjv‡`‡ki Afy¨`q Av‡`Š nBZ wKbv Zvnv wQj †Nvi m‡›`nv”Qbœ| KviY †kL

gywR‡ei cÖwZ mviv we‡k¦i †h m¤§vb‡eva I mnvbyf~wZ wQj Ges Avš—Rv©wZK fv‡e

Zuvnvi †h Mªnb†hvM¨Zv wQj Zvnv Avi KvnviI wQj bv| cÖK…Z c‡¶ gyw³hy× Zuvnvi

bv‡gB nB‡ZwQj| D‡j−L¨ †h evsjv‡`‡ki wbcxwoZ RbM‡Yi cÖwZ AK…wÎg mnvbyf~wZ

_vwK‡jI 1971 m‡bi A‡±veiÐb‡f¤¦i gvm ch©š— we‡k¦i ‡Kvb ivóªB ZLbI

ch©š— evsjv‡`k‡K ivóªxq m¦xK…wZ cÖ`vb K‡i bvB|

evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv‡K cvwK¯—vb cÖ_g nB‡ZB Bnvi Avf¨š—ixY welq

ewjqv `vex KwiZ Ges G e¨vcv‡i c„w_exi A‡bK †`k we‡kl Kwiqv Pxb,

hy³ivóª I ga¨ cÖv‡P¨i †`k mg~‡ni mwµq mn‡hvMxZv cÖvß nBZ| BwZg‡a¨

evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨š—‡i cvwK¯—vb mvgwiK Rvš—vi mivmwi mn‡hvwMZvq cÖwZwôZ

ivRvKvi, Avje`i, Avjkvg&m cÖf„wZ nZ¨vKvix evwnbx wbixn Rb‡Mvôxi Dci nZ¨v,

al©b, ivnvRvwb BZ¨vw` ZvÛejxjv PvjvB‡Z _v‡K|

1971 m‡bi A‡±veiÐb‡f¤¦i gv‡m evsjv‡`k GB †nb AvksKvRbK I

AwbwðZ cwiw¯’wZi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z wQj| 2004 m‡b ev eZ©gv‡b †mB fq¼i

cwiw¯’wZ Dcjwä Kiv m¤¢e bq| wKš‘ ZLbKvi NUbv cÖevn I Amnbxq Ae¯’v

eywS‡Z nB‡j Avgvw`M‡K 1971 m‡bi AeY©bxq Ae¯’vi †cÖ¶vc‡U Zvnv wePvi

we‡ePbv Kwi‡Z nB‡e| wPš—vІPZbvq Avgvw`M‡K 1971 m‡b wdwiqv hvB‡Z nB‡e|

GKw`‡K c~e© I cwðgv‡j cvwK¯—vb mvgwiK evwnbxi hy×s‡`wn Ae¯’vb

Ges cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖwZ Pxb, hy³ivóª I ga¨cÖvP¨mn eû‡`‡ki mwµq

mvnvh¨Ðmn‡hvMxZv, Ab¨w`‡K evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy×, 1(GK) ‡KvwU kiYv_x©, GBiƒc

Pig m¼Uvcbœ cwiw¯’wZ‡Z fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x evsjv†`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i cUf~wgKv

e¨vL¨v Kwievi Rb¨ Ges evsjv‡`‡ki Awemsevw`Z †bZv †kL gywR‡ei cÖvY i¶v

Kwievi Rb¨ wek¦ RbgZ Mwoqv Zywjevi D‡Ï‡k¨ we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡k ågb K‡ib

Ges MYms‡hvM Avi¤¢ K‡ib| cÖZxqgvb nq †h BnviB Ask wnmv‡e

cÖZ¨qb KwgwUi Awfg‡Z D‡j−wLZ Kjvw¤¦qv wek¦we`¨vj‡q 1971 m‡bi 6B b‡f¤¦‡i

35

Bw›`iv MvÜx fvlY cÖ`vb KwiqvwQ‡jb| wKš‘ cÖZ¨qb KwgwU KZ„©K D³ fvl‡Yi

LwÛZ Ask gvÎ D‡j−L Kwiqv‡Qb| D³ As‡ki mwnZ fvl‡Yi cÖ_gva© cvV Kwi‡j

m¤ú~Y© welqwU cwi¯‹vi nB‡e ewjqv g‡b nq| D³ cÖ_gvsk wbæiƒc t

“......................I am congratulated on my great majority. But

it was nothing compared to the majority which Sheikh Mujibur

Rahman gained in the election in Pakistan. It was a tremendous

victory for him. And he is not an extremist. He was a moderate

person..............................But once the elections were won,

apparently this came as surprise to the Government of West Pakistan

and they wanted to find out ways of getting around these results.

Negotiations were begun. We were not in touch with either

Sheikh Mujib or his party of East Bengal. We did not know what

was happening. We read in the papers that there were negotiations.

Later, much later, in fact only about a week before I started on this

trip, I happened to meet somebody who said he was present at the

negotiations. And, on the 24th of March, they thought that they were

coming to a settlement, may be not a satisfactory settlement but still

something that could be worked out. But this period was in fact used

to bring troops from West Pakistan, and on the 25th of March a reign

of terror was let loose.” (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

(Bangladesh Documents. Vol. II Page 273.

Dc‡i ewY©Z fvl‡Yi mwnZ cÖZ¨qb KwgwU KZ„©K D‡j−wLZ wbæwjwLZ Ask

wbæiƒc t

“...........................................the cry for independence arose after

Sheikh Mujib was arrested, and not before. He himself, so far as I

know, has not asked for independence, even now.”

Dc‡i fvl‡Yi A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë (underlined )Ask¸wj cwo‡jB cwi¯‹vifv‡e

†evSv hvB‡e †h 25‡k gv‡P©i Ae¨ewnZ c~‡e© I c‡i Z`vwbš—b evsjv‡`‡k

msNwVZ NUbvejx m¤¦‡Ü Bw›`iv MvÜx nq‡Zv mivmwi IqvwKenvj wQ‡jb bv| D³

fvl‡b Zuvnvi e³e¨ t

“We are not in touch with either Sheikh Mujib or his party..........”

“ We did not know what was happening”

36

Dc‡iv³ As‡ki mwnZ cªZ¨qY KwgwU KZ„©K D‡j−wLZ As‡ki g‡a¨ “so far

as I know” Ask¸wj GK‡Î cvV Kwi‡j cÖZxqgvb nB‡e †h 25‡k gvP© w`evMZ

iv‡Î †kL gywRe m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv cÖ`vb KwiqvwQ‡jb wKbv †m m¤¦‡Ü ‡mB iv‡Î

e¨w³MZfv‡e Zuvnvi Rvwbevi AeKvk wQj bv Ges nqZ mZ¨B wZwb Rvwb‡Zb bv|

GB K_vB Zuvnvi fvlY nB‡Z cwiù ywUZ nBqv DwVqv‡Q|

Bnvi mwnZ Avgiv 8B b‡f¤¦i 1971 Zvwi‡L News Week Magazine G

Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi cª`Ë mv¶vrKvi hw` Zyjbv Kwi Zvnv nB‡jB m¦vaxbZv ‡K

PvwnqvwQ‡jb ev †K †NvlYv KwiqvwQ‡jb Zvnv A‡bKUvB cwi¯‹vi nB‡e t

“......................He organized and led an armed rebellion against the

State .........There was no alternative but to suppress the rebellion.

Any other government would have done the same thing. How can I

now call that man back and negotiate with him? He is charged with

waging war against the state and subverting the loyalty or the

army...................................” (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

(Bangladesh Documents, Vol II page 24.)

BnvB wQj cvwK¯—vb miKv‡ii miKvix Ae¯’vb| Avðh©RbK nB‡jI mZ¨ †h

†gRi wRqvDi ingvb GKRb mvgwiK Kg©KZ©v nIqv m‡Z¡I Zvnvi wei“‡× cvwK¯—vb

miKv‡ii KLbI †Kvb Awfv‡hvM wQj bv| mKj Awf‡hvM wQj †kL gywR‡ei wei“‡×|

GKB fv‡e Bw›`iv MvÜxi D³ fvlY nB‡Z wRqvDi ingvb †h 27‡k gvP©

Zvwi‡L ev Ab¨ †Kvb Zvwi‡L m¦vaxbZvi †NvlYv Av‡`Š cÖ`vb KwiqvwQ‡jb

ZvnvI cÖZxqgvb nq bv| ei cÖZxqgvb nq †h Bw›`iv MvÜx Zuvnvi D³

fvl‡Yi eû hvqMvq Ges Ab¨vb¨ fvl‡Y †kL gywR‡ei K_v evisevi D‡j−L Kwi‡jI

Ges evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZvi K_v DÌvcb Kwi‡jI †gRi wRqvDi ingv‡bi K_v

GKev‡ii Rb¨I ‡Kv_vI D‡j−L K‡ib bvB| wRqvDi ingvb m¤ú‡K© GBiƒc wbieZv

cÖZ¨qb KwgwUi AZy¨rkvnx AwfgZ‡K ei wg_¨v cÖgvwbZ K‡i| m¦xK…Z g‡ZB

25‡k gvP© w`evMZ iv‡Î, 26‡k gv‡P©i cÖ_g cÖn‡i m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv nBqvwQj|

G m¤¦‡Ü †gRi wRqvDi ingv‡bi bvg ïay 1971 m‡bi 6B b‡f¤¦i b‡n 2004 mb

ch©š— Aby‡j−L¨ iwnj| 26†k gv†P©i †NvlYv m¤¦‡Ü fviZ mn mviv we‡k¦i

msev`cÎ G m¤¦‡Ü msev` cÖKvk KwiqvwQj ZeyI Bw›`iv MvÜx b‡f¤¦i gv‡m G

37

m¤¦‡Ü AÁZv cÖKv‡ki GKgvÎ KviY wZwb ZLb e›`x †kL gywR‡ei Rxeb i¶vi

Rb¨ nq‡Zv wKQyUv †KŠk‡ji AvkÖq Mªnb KwiqvwQ‡jb| †kL gywR‡ei Rxeb i¶v

KivB wQj ZLb Zuvnvi m‡e©v”P AMªMY¨ welq, KviY RxweZ †kL gywRe e¨ZxZ

m¦vaxb evsjvi m¦vaxbZvi c‡¶ Avš—Rv©wZK mg_©b cÖvwß `~iƒn nBqv cwoZ| Avi

†gRi wRqvDi ingvb m¤¦‡Ü Zr‡cÖ¶vc‡U wZwb †Kvb wKQy D‡j−L Kwievi †Kvb welq

ewjqvB g‡b K‡ib bvB ewjqv cªZxqgvb nB‡Z‡Q|

‡kL gywRe m¦vaxbZv PvwnqvwQ‡jb wK Pv‡nb bvB Bw›`iv MvÜxi cieZx© `yBwU

fvlY nB‡ZB Zvnv cwi®‹vi nB‡e| evsjv‡`‡k 1971 m‡bi 16B wW‡m¤¦i ZvwiL

weKvj ‡ejvq cvwK¯—vb mvgwiK evwnbx AvZ¥mgc©Y Kwievi ci Bw›`iv MvÜx

fvi‡Zi cvj©v‡g‡›U wbæwjwLZ wee„wZ cÖ`vb KwiqvwQ‡jb t

Statement By Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in Parliament

On Pakistan Army’s Surrender in Bangladesh

December 16, 1971 I have an announcement to make. The West Pakistan Forces have

unconditionally surrendered in Bangla Desh.............................................We

hope and trust that the Father of this new nation, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman,

will take his rightful place among his own people and lead Bangla Desh to

peace, progress and prosperly ..................” (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë) (Bangladesh

Documents Vol-II p-550-51) |

ZvnvQvov, 1972 m‡bi 10 B Rvbyqvix Zvwi‡L w`j−x‡Z †kL gywRe‡K GKwU

Rbmfvq m¦vMZ m¤¢vlb KiZt Bw›`iv MvÜx e‡jb t

Welcoming the President of Bangladesh, Mrs. Indira Gandhi said

that Sheikh Mujibur Rahman had promised freedom to his people and given

it to them, India had taken a pledge to free Bangladesh, free Mujib and

..............(The Indian Express, New Delhi-January 11, 1972) (A‡av‡iLv

cÖ`Ë) ( Bangladesh Documents, Vol.II P-606) |

Dc‡ii eY©bv m¦e¨vL¨vZ| Dc‡ii fvlY nB‡Z Bnv ¯úófv‡e cÖZxqgvb nB‡e †h

†kL gywRe evsjvi RbMY‡K m¦vaxb evsjvi m¦cœ †`LvBqvwQ‡jb Ges wbðq Zvnv

26‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L †MªdZvi nBevi c~‡e©B| Kv‡RB Bnv ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡L bv †h

38

Bw›`iv MvÜx 6B b‡f¤¦i Zvwi‡L Kjvw¤¦qv wek¦we`¨vj‡q we‡kl †KŠkjMZ Kvi‡YB

cÖZ¨qb KwgwU KZ©„K DׄZ e³e¨ ivwLqvwQ‡jb|

D‡j−L¨ †h 1971 m‡bi gvP© gvm nB‡Z wW‡m¤¦i gvm ch©š— mgMª we‡k¦i

cÖvq mKj iv‡óªi ivóª cÖavb I †bZ„¯’vbxq e¨w³eM© †kL gywRe m¤¦‡Ü Zvnv‡`i

DrKÚv cÖKvk Kwiqv‡Qb, evsjv‡`‡ki e¨vcv‡i Zvnv‡`i D`viZv I AvMªn cÖ`k©b

Kwiqv‡Qb wKš‘ ‡KnB KLbI 27‡k gv‡P©i Ôm¦vaxbZv †NvlKÕ m¤¦‡Ü we›`ygvÎ

AvMªn cÖKvk K‡ib bvB ev GgbwK D‡j−LI K‡ib bvB| 1971 m‡b gyw³hy×Kvjxb

mg‡q wRqvDi ingvb m¤ú‡K© wek¦evmxi GB wbieZv cÖm‡½ 2004 m‡bi cÖZ¨qb

KwgwU G‡Kev‡iB wbðyc|

e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb †h m¦vaxbZvi †Kvb †NvlYv †`b bvB eiÂ

†gRi wRqvDi ingvb m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv KwiqvwQ‡jb GB e³‡e¨i mg_©‡b cÖZ¨qb

KwgwU Zvnv‡`i Awfg‡Z hyw³ cÖ`k©b K‡ib †h, cÖevmx evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii

cÖavbgš¿x ZvRDwÏb Avn&‡g` m¦vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K›`ª nB‡Z 1971 m‡bi

11B GwcÖj Zvwi‡L †gRi wRqvi m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv m¤ú‡K© evsjv‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi

D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖ`Ë Zuvnvi fvl‡Y D‡j−L K‡ib| D³ KwgwU fvl‡Yi wbæwjwLZ LwÛZvsk

D‡j−L K‡ib t

“ The brilliant Success of our fighting forces and the daily additions

to their strength in manpower and captured weapons has enabled the

government of the peoples Republic of Bangladesh, first announced

thorough Major Ziaur Rahman, to set up full fledged operational

base from which it is administrating the liberated areas.” (A‡av‡iLv

cÖ`Ë)

Dc‡iv³ fvl‡Y †gRi wRqvDi ingvb ÔannounceÕ Kwiqv‡Qb

ejv nBqv‡Q, ÔDeclareÕ ev ÔProclaimÕ Kwiqv‡Qb Zvnv ejv nq bvB| ZvnvQvov,

announced ÔbyÕ ejv nq bvB, announced ÔthroughÕ ejv nBqv‡Q| A_©vr †gRi

wRqvDi ingvb KZ„©K cÖPvwiZ (announce) ejv nq bvB, †gRi wRqvDi ingv‡bi

gva¨‡g cÖPvwiZ ejv nBqv‡Q| cÖZ¨qb KwgwU ïaygvÎ Dc‡iv³ LwÛZvsk bv cwoqv

hw` m¤ú~Y© fvlYwU we‡ePbvq jB‡Zb Z‡e †`wL‡Z cvB‡Zb †h †kL gywReyi

39

ingvbB †h m¦vaxbZvi †Nvlbv cÖ`vb Kwiqv‡Qb Zvnv cÖavbgš¿xi fvl‡Yi cÖ_‡gB

ejv nBqv‡Q|

knx` gyw³‡hv×v‡`i cÖwZ kÖ×v wb‡e`b Kwiqv ZvRDwÏb Avn&‡g` GBfv‡e

fvlYwU Avi¤¢ K‡ib (Bangladesh Documents, Vol.I, page 282-286):

“Heroic and brave brothers and sisters of Independent Bangla Desh.

In the name of your President, Banga Bandhu Sheikh Mujibur

Rahman and the Government of the People’s Republic of

Bangladesh, we salute you and pay homage to the departed souls of

the martyrs who have sacrificed their lives in the defence of their

motherland. They will shine in our memory as long as Bangla Desh

exists, as long as a single citizen of Bangla Desh lives. Since the

proclamation of indepfence by your leader, Sheikh Mujibur

Rahman, after General Yahya had on the midnight of 25th March

ordered his Army to commit genocside on the peace-loving people

of Bangla Desh, you have joined the rans of the immortals amongst

the freedom fighters of history.

(A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)|

Bnvi ci wZwb Zvnvi e³„Zvq evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ A‡j cÖwZ‡iva hy×

m¤¦‡Ü e‡jb t

“In the Sylhet/Comilla region, we have, commissioned Major

Khaled Musharraf of the Bengal Regiment to take command of

military operation in the region. The courage and daring of his force

has already reduced the presence of the Pakistan Army to the

Cantonments of Sylhet and Comilla where they will soon be

liquidated by the closing ring of the Liberation Army.

In Chittagong and Noakhali we have commissioned Major Zia

Rahman of the Bengal Regiment to take full command of

operations. His heroic defence of Chittagong City against

overwhelming odds, which included attacks from the air and sea,

will take its place with the defence of Stalingrad in the annals of

warfare. Today, thanks to his resistance Chittagong is still not secure

in the hands of the enemy, whilst the whole of Chittagong and

Noakhali districts, outside limited pockets of Chittagong town are

liberated areas.

40

In the Mymensingh/Tangail area, we have commissioned

Major Safiullah of the Bengal Regiment to take command of

operation in the region. He has liberated the major part of the area

under his control and is ready to march on Dacca.

The three commanders have already met and prepared a joint

plan of battle designed to mop up surving pockets of resistence in

their respective areas preparatory to a combined onslaught on Dacca.

In the South-West Region, we have commissioned Major Osman

of the E.P.R. to take command of the Kushtia-Jessore zone, while

Major Jalil has been given charge of Faridpur-Barisal-Khulna-

Patuakhali Zone. After the historic victory of Kushtia, the

Liberation force has already driven the Pakistan army out of the

whole area and confined them to the cantonment of Jessore and parts

of Khulna town.

In North Bengal A Unified Command is being set up from

the force of Bengal Regiment and E.P.R. Our liberation force under

the command of Major Ahmed have pushed out enemy forces from

Rajashahi district. Major Nazrul and Major Nowazesh are laying

siege to the hard pressed occupation army respectively in Saidpur

and Rangpur. The Liberation force have already direven the

Pakistan army out of the whole Dinajpur, Bogra, Pabna and Rangpur

districts except the limits of cantonment areas and are ready for the

final assault.

The brilliant success of our fighting forces and the daily additions

to their strength in manpower and captured weapons has enabled the

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangla Desh, first

announced through Major Ziaur Rahman, to set up a fullfledged

operational base from which it is administering the liberated areas.

Whilst the interim capital is located in the liberated area of the

western zone, we have set up a regional seat of government located

in the liberated area of the Sylhet/Comilla zone, which is delegated

to exercise full administrative authority over all areas in the easters

regions.” (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

D‡j−L¨ †h †jt †Rbv‡ij gxi kIKZ Avjxi mv¶vrKv‡i cÖ`Ë Z_¨ Abymv‡i

11B GwcÖj ‡gRi wRqvDi ingvb KvjyiNv‡U wQ‡jb bv, wZwb 30‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L

41

ivgMo nBqv fvi‡Z Pwjqv wMqvwQ‡jb| gxi kIKZ Avjxi fvlvq (GKvˇii

iYv½Y t kvgmywÏb û`v †PŠayix )t

cÖt GKRb †m±i KgvÛvi wn‡m‡e Avcwb KLb

wKfv‡e KvR ïi“ Ki‡jb ?

Dt Av‡MB e‡jwQ, cÖ_g Avwg †Rbv‡ij wRqvi mv‡_

GK b¤¦i †m±‡i †m‡KÛÐBbÐKgvÛ A_©vr `yB b¤¦i

wn‡m‡e KvR ïi“ Kwi| 30‡k gvP© Ô71 Gi ci

†Rbv‡ij wRqv Avgvi mv‡_ Avi wQ‡jb bv| wZwb ivgMo

n‡q mxgv‡š—i Icv‡i P‡j wM‡qwQ‡jb| Kv‡RB 30‡k

gvP©, Õ71 Gi ci †_‡K Dwj−wLZ †m±†ii cy‡iv evwnbxi

KgvÛ Avgvi nv‡Z G‡m c‡o|ÕÕ

GLv‡b D‡j−L¨ †h cÖavbgš¿x ZvRDwÏb Avng` Gi g~j fvlYwU wQj

evsjv fvlvq| fvi‡Z cÖKvwkZ Bangladesh Documents G gyw`ÖZ Bs‡iRx fvlYwU

wQj g~j evsjv fvlvq cÖ`Ë fvl‡Yi Abyev`| g~j evsjv fvlYwU 1982 m‡bi g~j

`wjj c‡Îi Z„Zxq L‡Û (c„t8) Ges 2004 m‡bi cybg~`©Ö‡bi Z„Zxq L‡Ûi 8

c„ôvq gyw`ÖZ nBqv‡Q| 2004 m‡bi cÖZ¨qb KwgwUi Awfg‡Z (c„t4) ewY©Z ZvRDwÏb

Avng` Gi eivZ w`qv Zuvnvi evsjv cÖKvk Kiv nBqv‡Q| fvl‡Yi Bs‡iRx Abyev`

cÖK…Z g~j evsjv fvl‡Yi mswk−ó AskwU wbæiƒc t

ÔÔ m¦vaxbZv msMªv‡g Avgv‡`i G Af~Zc~e© mvdj¨ fwel¨‡Z

AviI bZyb mvd‡j¨i w`kvix| cÖwZw`b Avgv‡`i gyw³evwnbxi

kw³ †e‡o P‡j‡Q| GKw`‡K †hgb nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl

gyw³evwnbx‡Z †hvM w`‡”Q †Zgwb kΓi AvZ¥ mgc©‡Yi msL¨v w`b

w`b †e‡o P‡j‡Q| Avi GKB ms‡M Avgv‡`i wbqš¿‡Y Avm‡Q

kΓi †K‡o †bqv nvwZqvi| GB cÖv_wgK weR‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_

†gRi wRqvDi ingvb GKwU cwiPvjbv †K›`ª M‡o †Zv‡jb Ges

†mLvb †_‡K Avcbviv ïb‡Z cvb evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZvi cÖ_g

‡NvlYv| GLv‡bB cÖ_g m¦vaxb evsjv‡`k miKvi MV‡bi K_v

†NvlYv Kiv nq|ÕÕ

Dc‡ii AskwU cvV Kwi‡j cwi¯‹vi fv‡e cÖZxqgvb nB‡e †h evsjv fvlvq

cÖ`Ë fvl‡Yi mswk−ó Ask gy`Ö‡Yi cwie‡Z© Zvnviv ågvZ¥K Bs‡iRx Abyev`

cÖ`vb Kwiqv D³ Bs‡iRx Abyev‡`i bZyb Kwiqv weåvš—Ki evsjv Abyev` gy`ªY

42

Kwiqv‡Qb hvnvi mwnZ g~j evsjv fvl‡Yi †Kvb wgjB bvB| g~j evsjv fvlYwU

`wjjc‡Îi Z„Zxq L‡Ûi 8g c„ôvq gyw`ÖZ iwnqv‡Q| Zvnviv mswk−ó As‡ki g~j

evsjv fvlYwU gy`Öb Kwi‡Z cvwi‡Zb| wKš‘ wK D‡Ï‡k¨ Zvnviv g~j evsjv fvlYwUi

mswk−ó Ask gy`ÖY Kiv nB‡Z weiZ iwn‡jb Zvnv †evaMg¨ bq|

Z‡e g~j fvl‡Yi Dc‡i ewY©Z mswk−ó Ask nB‡Z Bnv my¯úóiƒ‡c cÖZxqgvb

nB‡e †h ZvRDwÏb Avng` Zuvnvi fvl‡Y †Kvb fv‡eB e‡jb bvB †h †gRi wRqvDi

ingvb wb‡R m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv KwiqvwQ‡jb ev miKvi MVb KwiqvwQ‡jb| GgZ

Ae¯’vq ZvRDwÏb Avng` Gi eivZ w`qv 2004 m‡bi cÖZ¨qb KwgwUi AwfgZ

m¤ú~Y© gbMov wQj ewjqv cÖZxqgvb nq|

2004 m‡bi cÖZ¨qb KwgwU Zvnv‡`i Awfg‡Z cÖavbgš¿x ZvRDwÏb

Avn&‡g‡`i e³„Zvi LwÛZvsk we‡ePbv bv Kwiqv hw` Dc‡ii DׄZ Askmn mgMª

†cÖ¶vcU Ges D³ m¤ú~Y© e³„ZvwU we‡ePbvq jB‡Zb Zvnv nB‡j ¯úóZB

cÖZxqgvb nBZ †h c~e© w`b 10B GwcÖj Zvwi‡L Proclamation of Independence G

e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb †h 26 †k gvP© Zvwi‡L m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv KwiqvwQ‡jb

Zvnv cÖavbgš¿x eY©bv Kwiqv wewfbœ A‡ji †mbvbvqKMY‡K cÖksmv Kwiqv Drmvn

cÖ`vb Kwiqv‡Qb, we‡kl Kvnv‡KI m¦vaxbZvi †NvlK e‡jb bvB, ei cÖPviK

ewjqv‡Qb| †cÖ¶vcU Ges mvwe©K wePv‡i ZvnvB cÖZxqgvb nB‡Z‡Q|

2004 m‡bi cÖZ¨qb KwgwU Gg kvgmyj nK wjwLZ Bangladesh in

International Politics Mª‡š’i DׄwZ (c„t 96) cÖ`vb Kwiqv wØZxq hyw³ cÖ`k©b

K‡ib †h 1977 m‡bi 27†k wW‡m¤¦i wRqvDi ingvb fviZ md‡i †M‡j Zvi

m¤§v‡b Av‡qvwRZ GK †fvR mfvq fvi‡Zi ZrKvjxb ivóªcwZ bxjg mÄxe †iwÇ

ewjqvwQ‡jb t

“ Your position is already assured in the annals of the history of

your country as a brave fighter who was the first to declare

independence of Bangladesh...........”

wKš‘ Avð‡h©i K_v †h evsjv‡`‡ki Z`vwbš—b ciivóª gš¿x †jLK Gg

kvgmyj nK fviZxq ivóªcwZi Dc‡iv³ e³e¨ wb‡RI wek¦vm K‡ib bvB hLb

wZwb Zvnvi Mª‡š’ †j‡Lb (c„t31)t

43

“ On the basis of a message embodying the Declaration of

Independence sent by Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to

Chittagong in the early hours of 26 March 1971 for transmission

throughout Bangladesh, Major Ziaur Rahman, who had formed a

liberation force in Chittagong, broadcast from Swadhin Bangla

Betar (Radio) station, Chittagong, the historic “Declaration of

Independence”.........................” A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)|

GLv‡b D‡j−L Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †h †gRi †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingvb 1975

m‡bi 22‡k AvMó Zvwi‡L evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb †mbvcwZ c‡` wb‡qvM cvb| 1975

m‡bi 7B b‡f¤¦i Zvwi‡Li †fv‡i wZwb wb‡R‡K Chief Martial Law Administrator

wnmv‡e †NvlYv cÖ`vb K‡ib| weKvj †ejv wePvicwZ mv‡qg ivóªcwZ I Chief Martial

Law Administrator c` MªnY K‡ib Ges †gRi ‡Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingvb Deputy

Chief Martial Law Administrator wb‡qvwRZ nb| 1977 m‡bi †g gv‡m wZwb

evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªcwZi c` Mªnb K‡ib Ges Avg„Zy¨ wZwb H c‡` wQ‡jb| wKš‘

¶gZvi m‡Ÿv©”P Ae¯’v‡b _vwKqvI KLbI wZwb wb‡R‡K m¦vaxbZvi †NvlK ewjqv

`vex K‡ib bvB| GgbwK 1977 m‡b fvi‡Zi ivóªcwZ Zvnv‡K m¦vaxbZvi †NvlK

ewjqv cÖksmv Kwievi c‡iI wZwb Hi“c †Kvb `vex Zvnvi RxeÏkvq K‡ib bvB|

Bnv Zvnvi mZZvi wbwðZ cwiPvqK|

2004 m‡bi cybgy©w`ÖZ `wjjc‡Îi Z„Zxq L‡Ûi 4_© c„ôvq cÖZ¨qb KwgwU

Dc‡i ewY©Z wZbwU NUbvi wfwˇZ AwfgZ cÖKvk K‡ib †h e½eÜy †kL gywReyi

ingvb KZ„©K cÖ`Ë m¦vaxbZvi †NvlYv Z_¨wfwËK bq| wKš‘ Dc‡i e¨³ Av‡jvPbvi

†cÖw¶‡Z ¯úóiƒ‡c cÖZxqgvb nB‡e †h

Dc‡iv³ wZbwU NUbvB AcÖvmw½K I Aevš—i A_P cÖZ¨qb KwgwU ïaygvÎ Dc‡i

ewY©Z wZbwU Aevš—i NUbvi Dci wfwË KiZt 1979 m‡bi Authentication Committee

KZ„©K 1982 m‡b cÖKvwkZ `wjjc‡Îi Z„Zxq L‡Ûi 1g c„ôvq gyw`ªZ 26‡k gvP©

Zvwi‡L †kL gywR‡ei m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv ïay Awek¦vmB K‡ib bvB Zvnviv GgbwK

Proclamation of Independence ‡KI D‡c¶v Kwiqv evjwLj¨Zvi cwiPq cÖ`vb

Kwiqv‡Qb|

44

AZGe, 2004 m‡bi cÖZ¨qb KwgwUi AwfgZ †h wRqvDi ingvbB me© cÖ_g

26 †k gvP© Zvwi‡L ev Aš—Z 27‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv KwiqvwQ‡jb Zvnv

G‡Kev‡iB wfwËnxb| Z‡e Bnv mZ¨ †h 27‡k gvP© mܨvq wZwb e½eÜy †kL gywReyi

ingv‡bi c¶ nB‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZvi †NvlYv cvV KwiqvwQ‡jb|

wRqvDi ingv‡bi Rxeb e„Ëvš— t

‡gRi wRqvDi ingvb wjwLZ ÔGKwU RvwZi Rb¥Õ cÖeÜ nB‡Z Rvbv hvq †h

1963 m‡b wZwb cvwK¯—vb †Mv‡q›`v wefv‡M `vwqZ¡ cvjbiZ wQ‡jb| ¯úóZ wZwb

GKRb my`¶ †mbv Kg©KZ©v wQ‡jb| Rbve L›`Kvi gvn&eye DwÏb Avn‡g`,

G¨vW&‡fv‡KU&, Gi civgk© Abymv‡i †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingv‡bi Rxeb e„Ëv‡š—i bw_

Pvwnqv cvVvB‡j Zvnvi Rxeb e„Ëv‡š—i GKwU mvims‡¶c evsjv‡`k miKvi c‡¶

`vwLj Kiv nq|

D³ Rxeb e„Ëvš— `„‡ó cÖZxqgvb nq †h wZwb 12 PMA Long Course

G mvgwiK evwnbx‡Z †hvM`vb KwiqvwQ‡jb Ges 1955 m‡bi 18B †m‡Þ¤¦i Kwgkb

cÖvß n‡qb| wZwb 1g Bó †e½j †iwR‡g‡›U 1959 m‡bi Ryb gvm ch©š— Company

Commander c‡` Kg©iZ wQ‡jb| 1959 m‡bi wW‡m¤¦i gvm nB‡Z 1964 m‡bi †g

gvm ch©š— 200 Survey Section

G GSO-3 wQ‡jb| 1964 m‡bi Ryb gvm nB‡Z 1966 m‡bi wW‡m¤¦i ch©š— mg‡q

wZwb 1g Bó †e½‡j Adjutant / Company Commander wQ‡jb| 1967

m‡bi Rvbyqvix gvm nB‡Z 1969 m‡bi GwcÖj gvm ch©š— wZwb PMA †Z Platoon

Commander c‡` AwawôZ wQ‡jb| 1969 m‡bi †g gvm nB‡Z 1970 m‡bi †m‡Þ¤¦i

gvm Ges 1970 m‡bi A‡±vei gvm nB‡Z 1971 m‡bi gvP© gvm ch©š— wZwb

h_vµ‡g 2q Bó †e½j I Zrci 8g Bó †e½‡j 2nd in Command c‡` AwawôZ

wQ‡jb| 1971 m‡bi 26 gvP© Zvwi‡L wZwb cvwK¯—vb ‡mbvevwnbx cwiZ¨vM Kwiqv

evsjv‡`k †mbvevwnbx‡Z †hvM`vb K‡ib (TOS: 26 March 1971) | gyw³hy× Kv‡j

wZwb 1971 m‡bi RyjvB gv‡m Z Force Gi Acting Commander

wbhy³ n‡qb| m¦&vaxbZvi ci 1972 m‡bi †deyªqvix gv‡m †iwR‡g‡›Ui

Acting Commander n‡qb| 1972 m‡bi †deyyªqvix gvm nB‡Z †g gvm ch©š— wZwb

45

44 Infantry Brigade Gi Officiating Commander wQ‡jb| 1972 m‡bi †g gv‡m wZwb

Army Head Quarters G Temporary Deputy Chief of Army Staff c‡` wbhy³ n‡qb|

1973 m‡bi Ryb gvm nB‡Z A‡±vei gvm ch©š— wZwb Officiating Dy CAS c‡`

wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| 1973 m‡bi 10B A‡±vei Zvwi‡L wZwb Dy CAS c‡`

c‡`vbœwZ cÖvß n‡qb| Zrci, 1975 m‡bi 24‡k AMv÷ Zvwi‡L wZwb evsjv‡`k

†mbvevwnbxi Chief of Army Staff c‡` c‡`vbœwZ cÖvß n‡qb| 1978 m‡bi 28 †k

GwcÖj Zvwi‡L wZwb †jd&‡U‡b›U †Rbv‡ij c‡` c‡`vbœwZ cÖvß n‡qb Ges

ciw`b 29‡k GwcÖj Zvwi‡L mvgwiK evwnbxi PvKzix nB‡Z Aemi Mªnb K‡ib

(SOD/SOS) | mvwf©m †iK‡W© †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingv‡bi ivR‰bwZK Rxeb m¤¦‡Ü

†evaMg¨ Kvi‡YB †Kvb eY©bv bvB|

Dc‡ii eY©bv nB‡Z cÖZxqgvb nB‡e †h PvKzix Rxe‡b †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi

ingvb AZ¨š— mvd‡j¨i AwaKvix| 27‡k gvP© mܨvq PÆMªvg¯’ m¦vaxb evsjv

†eZvi †K›`ª nB‡Z wZwb †h GKwU †Nvlbv cvV KwiqvwQ‡jb ZvnvI

HwZnvwmKfv‡e m¦xK…Z|

Ab¨w`‡K †kL gywReyi ingvb †Kvb miKvix ev mvgwiK evwnbx‡Z ‡Kvb

w`b PvKzix K‡ib bvB| wZwb G‡Kev‡iB mvaviY RbM‡Yi KvZvi nB‡Z DwVqv

Avwmqv‡Qb Ges RbM‡Yi mnRvZ †bZv (Born leader) wQ‡jb| QvÎRxe‡b wZwb

KwjKvZv¯’ †eKvi †nv‡ó‡j _vwKqv Bmjvwgqv K‡j‡R covïbv Kwi‡Zb Ges gymwjg

QvÎjx‡Mi GKRb mwµq †bZ„¯’vbxq Kwg© wQ‡jb| wZwb QvÎ Ae¯’v‡ZB

†mvnivIqv`x©i †bZ„‡Z¡ cvwK¯—vb Av‡›`vj‡b SuvcvBqv c‡ob| wZwb

†mvnivIqv`©xi fvewkl¨ wQ‡jb Ges cÖvK 1947 Gi mgq nB‡ZB GKRb Zi“b

msMVK wnmv‡e cÖwZwôZ n‡qb|

evOvjx RvwZi msw¶ß cÖv_wgK BwZnvm t

Z‡e cÖ_‡gB cÖvPxb evsjv‡`‡ki Z_v evOvjxi BwZnvm I m¦vaxbZvi

‡cÖ¶vcU ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvPbv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb KviY GB Av‡jvPbv e¨wZ‡i‡K 1971

m‡b m¦vaxbZvi Rb¨ evOvjxi AvKzwZ Dcjwä Kiv hvB‡e bv|

46

L„óc~e© PZy_© A‡ã fviZe‡l©i M½vb`xi †gvnbvq M½Fw×B bv‡g GK

civµgkvjx RvwZ emevm KwiZ ewjqv cÖL¨vZ HwZnvwmKMY gZ cÖKvk K‡ib|

GLb †h f~L‡Ûi bvg evsjv‡`k L„óc~e© mg‡q †mB †`kB mycwiwPZ wQj M½vFw×

bv‡g| H †`‡ki AwaevmxivB evOvjx RvwZi c~e©m~ix ewjqv HwZnvwmKMY aviYv

K‡ib| M½vFw×i iYnw¯—hy‡_i f‡q †Kvb ivRvB GB †`k Rq Kwievi mvnm K‡ib

bvB| wØM¦weRqx Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii ‰mb¨`jI GB †`k Avµgb Kwi‡Z ivRx nq

bvB| KvwZ©qvm, wWI‡Wvivm, c−yUvK© cÖf„wZ wMªK cwÛZ‡`i †jLbx‡Z, óªv‡ev I

U‡jwgi fy‡Mvj e„Ëv‡š— Ges fvwR©‡ji gnvKv‡e¨ M½vFw× †`‡ki bvgwU D‡j−wLZ

nBqv‡Q| wKš‘ Aóg kZvãxi cÖ_gv‡a© Z`vwbš—b evsjv‡`k GKvwaKevi

ewnivµg‡bi Ke‡j c‡o|

cÖL¨vZ HwZnvwmK Aa¨vcK gybZvmxi gvgyb Gi g‡Z GKwU gvÎ bi‡Mvôx

nB‡Z evOvjx RvwZi DrcwË nq bvB| K‡qKwU bi‡Mvôxi wgwjZ dj evOvjx|

AwZ cÖvPxb Kv‡j, GBme bi‡Mvôx †KŠge× nBqv emevm Kwiqv‡Q| ¶y`Ö ¶y`Ö

†KŠ‡gi mgb¦†q MwVZ nBqvwQj e„nËi †KŠg, †hgbÐe½, ivp, cyÊ« cÖf„wZ| †KŠg

†PZbv cieZx©‡Z AvÂwjK †PZbvq iƒcvš—wiZ nq hvnv GLbI engvb( evsjv‡`k

evOvjx gbm ivóªMVb I AvaywbKZv)| AvbygvwbK Aóg kZvãx nB‡Z Øv`k

kZvãx ch©š— cvj ivRviv G‡`k kvmb K‡i| Øv`k kZvãx‡Z †mb ivRviv ivRZ¡

K‡i| ·qv`k kZvãx‡Z ZywK© Lj&wR esk ivRZ¡ K‡i| ·qv`k †_‡K †lvok

kZvãx ch©š— Z`vwbš—b evsjv‡`‡k m¦vaxb myjZvwb†`i ivRZ¡ wQj| H mg‡q

†nv‡mb kvnx Avg‡j (1494Ð1538) Ôev½vjvÕ ev ÔevsjvÕ bvgwUi e¨envi wQj Ges

evOvjx RvwZi m~Pbv nq| wKQyKvj cvVvb‡`i kvm‡bi ci 1575 m‡b Z`vwbš—b

evsjv‡`k †gvMj mvgªv‡R¨i Aš—f~©³ nq| AvKe‡ii mgq (1556Ð1605) mgMª

evsjv, Ômyev evsjvÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ wQj|1717 m‡b gywk©`Kzwj Lvb evsjv, wenvi I

Dwol¨vi m¦vaxb beve wnmv‡e kvmbKvh© cwiPvjbv Kwi‡Zb| evsjvi †kl m¦vaxb

beve wmivRD‡ÏŠjv cjvwki jv°vev‡M 1757 m‡bi 23†k Ryb Zvwi‡L civwRZ

nB‡j evsjv m¦vaxbZv nvivq Ges cieZx© 190 erm‡ii Rb¨ Bs‡iR kvm‡bi

Aaxb¯— nq|

47

cÖvKÐm¦vaxbZvi(1947) BwZnvm t

GLv‡b D‡j−L¨ †h M½vFw× Avg‡ji c‡i †Kvb cÖK…Z evOvjx evsjv‡`k

kvmb K‡i bvB| Z‡e hvnvivB ivRZ¦ KwiqvwQ‡jb Zvnviv mK‡jB evsjv‡`‡ki

mwnZ GKxf~Z nBqv wMqvwQ‡jb Ges evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv i¶v‡_©B ewntkµi mwnZ

hy× Kwi‡Zb| wKš‘ Bs‡iR kvmKM‡Yi wbKU evsjv‡`kmn fviZel© wQj GKwU

Dcwb‡ek gvÎ| Aek¨ 1858 m‡b AwaK…Z fviZel© Bs‡iR mvgªv‡R¨i Ask †NvlYv

Kiv nq| Bs‡iR ivR‡Z¡i cÖ_g w`‡K fviZe‡l©i gymjgvbMY RvZ¨vwfgv‡b I

m`¨ ev`kvnx nvivBevi `yt‡L Bs‡iRx fvlv wkwL‡Z Pvwn‡jb bv wKš‘ wn›`y

ag©vej¤¦x fviZxq‡`i Rb¨ Bs‡iR kvmb wQj ivRvi cwieZ©b gvÎ| GB Kvi‡Y

Zvnviv kvmK‡`i Bs‡iwR fvlv wk¶v Mªnb Kwiqv cÖkvmb I wewfbœ †¶‡Î µgvb¦‡q

AvaywbKZvi w`‡K AMªmi nB‡Z _vwK‡jb| Ab¨w`‡K gymjgvb Rb‡Mvôx Ô`vi“j

nvi&e I `vi“m mvjvgÕ Gi evB‡iI †h GK wekvj c„w_ex AvaywbKZvi w`‡K

µgk Pjgvb Zvnv Dcjwä Kwi‡Z e¨_© n‡qb Ges µgkB wcQvBqv cwo‡Z

_vwK‡jb|

1885 m‡b wbwLj fviZ Ks‡Mªm cÖwZwôZ nq| 1906 m‡b XvKvq wbwLj

fviZ gymwjg jxM cÖwZôv nq|

BwZg‡a¨ 1905 m‡b e½f½ nq| GB e½f½ gymjgvb†`i †Kvb `vex bv

_vwK‡jI GB e½f‡½i d‡j PvKzix, wk¶v I Ab¨vb¨ †¶‡Î msL¨v¸i“ wnmv‡e

wKQyUv myweav Zvnviv cÖvß nq| wKš‘ wn›`y ag©vej¤¦x‡`i cÖej Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L

1911 m‡b e½f½ i` nq| GKB ermi fvi‡Zi ivRavbx KwjKvZv nB‡Z

w`wj−‡Z ¯’vbvš—i Kiv nq|

hw`I gymwjg jx‡Mi cÖwZôv XvKvq Ges evsjvq gymwjg msL¨vMwiô wQj wKš‘

†Kvb w`bB ‡Kvb evOvjx‡K gymwjg jx‡Mi mfvcwZ ev mvaviY m¤úv`K c‡`

wbe©vwPZ nB‡Z †`Iqv nq bvB| ei evOvjx gymjgvb‡`i m¦v_© gymwjg jx‡Mi

cÖwZôvi cÖ_g †_‡KB fvi‡Zi Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡`‡ki gymjgvb‡`i m¦v‡_© RjvÄjx

†`Iqv nBZ| GB e¨cv‡i evsjvi gymjgvb‡`i †Kvb AvZ¥M−vwbi DcjwäI †`Lv

48

hvq bvB| Zvnviv evOvjxi wecix‡Z AevOvjx gymjgvb‡`i KZ©„Z¡ I †bZ„Z¡ webv

cÖwZev‡` üówP‡Ë I mvb‡›` Mªnb Kwi‡Z †Kvbw`bB wcQcuvI nq bvB, eiÂ

GUv‡KB m¦vfvweK ewjqv g‡b KwiZ| 1916 m‡b jvL‡bŠ c¨v± Ges 1932

m‡bi mv¤cÖ`vwqK †iv‡q`v‡`i †¶‡Î GBiƒc wei“c AvPiY bMœfv‡e cÖKvk cvq|

evsjvi eÂbvi BwZnv‡mi †Mvov cËb ZLb nB‡ZB Avi¤¢, KviY AevOvjx‡`i

Ab¨vq I m¦v_©ci `vexi gy‡L evsjvi †bZ„Z¡ wPiKvj msL¨vMwiô evOvjx

gymjgvb‡`i b¨vqm½Z m¦v_© i¶v‡_© wcQcv _vwK‡Zb, m¤¢eZt nxbgb¨Zvq fywM‡Zb|

A_P evsjvi gymjgvb‡`i msL¨vMwiô †fvU mgMª fviZe‡l©i gymjgvb‡`i m¦v_©

i¶v‡_© e¨eüZ nBZ|

1940 m‡bi 23 †k gvP© Zvwi‡L jv‡nv‡i AbywôZ gymwjg jxM

Kb&‡fbk‡b evOjvi cÖavbgš¿x G,‡K, dRjyj nK fvi‡Zi DËiÐc~e© I DËi

cwð‡g gymwjg msL¨vMwiô A‡j `yBwU mve©‡fŠg iv‡óªi `vex‡Z GKwU cÖ¯—ve

DÌvcb Kwi‡j me©m¤§wZ µ‡g Zvnv M„nxZ nq| BnvB myweL¨vZ jv‡nvi cÖ¯—ve

ev cvwK¯—vb cÖ¯—ve| BnviB mswk−ó AskwU wbæiƒc t

“Resolved that it is the considered view of this Session of the

All-India Muslim League that no consitutional plan would be

workable in this country or acceptable to the Muslims unless it is

designed on the following basic principles, viz., that geographically

contiguous units are demarcated into regions which should be so

constituted, with such territorial re-adjustments as may be necessary,

that the areas in which the Muslims are numerically in a majority as

in the North-Western and Eastern zones of India should be grouped

to constitute “Independent States” in which the constitutent units

shall be autonomous and sovereign.” (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

hw`I Dc‡iv³ cÖ¯—ve Abymv‡i mgMª fviZ e‡l©i c~e© I cwð‡g Aew¯nZ

gymwjg msL¨vMwiô cÖ‡`k¸wj‡Z `yBwU mve©‡fŠg ivóª cÖwZôvi `vex wQj wKš‘

AevOvjx †bZ„Z¡ cieZ©x‡Z Zvnv Am¦xKvi K‡i|

1946 m‡bi gvP© gv‡m fvi‡Zi 11wU cÖ‡`‡k wbe©vPb Abyôvb nq| gymwjg

jxM cvwK¯—vb cÖwZôvi `vexi wfwˇZ wbe©vPb Abyôvb K‡i| GKgvÎ e½‡`‡k gymwjg

49

jxM gymjgvb‡`i 119wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 116 wU Avm‡b wecyj †fv‡U wbe©vwPZ nBqv

gš¿xmfv MVb Kwi‡Z mg_© nq| Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡`‡ki g‡a¨ gvÎ wmÜy cÖ‡`‡k GKwU gvÎ

Avm‡b msL¨vMwiôZv jvf K‡i wKš‘ cvÄve, DËiÐcwðg mxgvš— cÖ‡`k, †ejywP¯—

vbmn Ab¨ mKj cÖ‡`‡k Ks‡Mªm msL¨v MwiôZv jvf K‡i, gymwjg jxM †Kvb cÖKvi

cÖvavb¨ jvf Kwi‡Z m¤c~Y© e¨_© nq| GBiƒc Ae¯’vq AevOvjx gymwjg jxM †bZ„e„›`

e‡½ evOvjx gymjgvbM‡Yi wecyj †fvUvwaKv‡ii kw³Øviv mgMª fviZ e‡l©

gymjgvb‡`i m¦v_© i¶v‡_© m‡Pó nq| wKš‘ evsjvi gymjgvb‡`i fvM¨weo¤¦bv GB †h

1946 m‡b fviZ miKvi KZ©„K AvûZ Aš—eZ©xKvjxb gš¿xmfvq †Kvb evOvjxi

¯nvb nq bvB| evsjvq gymwjg jx‡Mi wecyj msL¨vMwiôZv m‡Z¡I K¨vwe‡bU wgk‡bi

mwnZ Av‡jvPbv mfvq evOvjx gymjgvb‡`i †Kvb ¯’vb wQj bv| wKš‘ jv‡nvi cÖ¯—ve

DÌvc‡bi Rb¨ GK evOvjxi cÖ‡qvRb nBqvwQj| GKB avivevwnKZvq 1946 m‡bi

GwcÖj gv‡m w`wj−‡Z AbywôZ gymwjg jxM e¨e¯nvcK mfvi m`m¨‡`i Kb‡fbk‡b

wRbœvni cÖfve I wb‡`©k Abymv‡i †nv‡mb knx` †mvn&ivIqv`x© fviZe‡l©i `yB cÖv‡š—

`yBwU mve©‡fŠg m¦vaxb ivóª ¯nvc‡bi jv‡nvi cÖ¯—v‡ei g~j avibv cwieZ©b mvab

KiZt GKÐcvwK¯—vb ¯nvc‡bi cÖ¯—ve K‡ib| ev½vjx gymwjg †bZ„e„›` GB cÖ¯—v‡ei

cÖej we‡ivaxZv K‡ib Ges g~j jv‡nvi cÖ¯—ve †`wLevi `vex K‡ib| Dnv gymwjg

jx‡Mi †ev¤¦vB Awd‡m fy~jµ‡g ivwLqv Avmv nBqv‡Q ewjqv evsjvi †bZ„e„›`‡K wbe„Ë

Kiv nq| AZci, GKÐcvwK¯—v‡b cÖ¯—ve M„nxZ nq|

m¤¢eZ cieZx©‡Z wb‡Ri fyj eywS‡Z cvwiqv 1947 m‡bi 27‡k GwcÖj

Zvwi‡L †mvnivIqv`x© m¦vaxb mve©‡fŠg evsjv cÖwZôvi c‡¶ GK †cÖm weÁwß cÖ`vb

K‡ib| wZwb Zvnvi e³‡e¨i †klfv‡M e‡jb (`wjjcÎt 1g LÛ, c„t 24)t

“I have vsualised all along, therefore, Bengal as an independent state

and not part of any union of India. Once such states are formed, their

future rests with them .................................................................................

No, if Bengal is to be great, it can only be so if it stands on its own

legs and all combine to make it great. It must be master of its own

resoursces and riches and its own destiny. It must cease to be exploited by

other and shall not continue to suffer any longer for the benefit of the rest

of India..........................................” (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

50

Avi GKwU wee„wZ‡Z wZwb e‡jb (`wjjcÎt 1g LÛ, c„t 30)t

ÔÔI still extend that invitation to all. I beg of them not destroy Bengal,

not to be blinded by wrath and prejudice, or consumed by their hatred for

their fellow Bengalees but to look ahead and grasp this wonderful

opportunity to make Bengal free and independent, master of its own

destiny and its own wealth, capable of a free will to form unions and

treaties and alliances with whomsoever it will, respected amongst the

nations of the world, rich, powerful and a heaven for the common man.”

(A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

e½xq cÖv‡`wkK gymwjg jx‡Mi mvaviY m¤úv`K Aveyj nvwkgI m¦vaxb

mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`‡ki c‡¶ GKwU †cÖm weÁwß cÖ`vb K‡ib| ZvnvQvov, wZwb

mvßvwnK Ôwgj−vZÕ cwÎKvq 9B †g Zvwi†L cybivq m¦vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki †hŠw³KZv

Zywjqv a‡ib| 23 ‡k †g Zvwi‡L kir P›`ª †evm I Aveyj nvwkg hyM¥fv‡e

m¦vaxb mve©‡fŠg evsjvi cÖ¯—vweZ KvVv‡gv m¤ú‡K© GKwU Pyw³ m¦v¶i K‡ib|

wKš‘ wRbœvn, MvÜx, †b‡ni“, c¨v‡Uj cÖgyL †bZ„e„‡›`i cÖej AvcwËi gy‡L

m¦vaxb evsjv †`k ¯’vc‡bi cÖ‡Póv e¨_© nq|

GBfv‡e, 1947 m‡bi cÖ_gv‡a© evsjvi Z`vwbš—b cÖavbgš¿x ‡nv‡mb knx`

†mvnivIqv`x, esMxq cÖv‡`wkK gymwjg jx‡Mi m¤úv`K Aveyj nvwmg Ges kir

P›`ª †evm m¦vaxb mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`k ¯’vc‡bi wej¤¦xZ cÖ‡Póv KwiqvwQ‡jb wKš‘

†kl ch©š— G e¨vcv‡i wKQyB Avi nq bvB|

cvwK¯—vb Avg‡j evsjvi BwZnvm t

AZtci, 1947 m‡bi 18B RyjvB Zvwi‡L The Indian Independence Act (10

And 11 Geo. VI, Ch. 30) cvm nq Ges 14B AMv÷ Zvwi‡L cvwK¯—vb Ges 15B

AMv÷ Zvwi‡L fviZ m¦vaxb nq|

cvwK¯—vb m„wói cÖ_g nB‡ZB c~e©e½‡K eÂbvi wkKvi nB‡Z nq| cvwK¯—vb

MYcwil‡` c~e©e‡½i m`m¨ msL¨v wQj 44wU, Ab¨w`‡K AevOvjx m`m¨ msL¨v wQj

25wU| wKš‘ evOvjxiv †h Lvm cvwK¯—vbx Zvnv cÖgvb Kwievi Rb¨ c~e©e½‡K wjqvKZ

Avjx Lvb, Avãyj KvBqyg, †Mvjvg †gvnv¤§` cÖf„wZ AevOvjx gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨

51

6wU Avmb Zvnv‡`i eivei cwiZ¨vM Kwi‡Z nq| djkª“wZ‡Z MYcwil‡` c~e©e‡½i

Avmb msL¨v 38†k bvwgqv Av‡m, Ab¨w`‡K AevOvjx m`m¨ msL¨v 31†k DbœxZ nq|

wKš‘ GB Z¨v‡Mi wewbg‡q cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖ_g †K›`ªxq gš¿xmfvq 17Rb gš¿xi g‡a¨

gvÎ `yBRb gš¿x c~e©e½ nB‡Z jIqv nB‡jI c~e©e½ nB‡Z †Kvb cÖwZev` I‡V

bvB|

Bnvi ci cvwK¯—vb I gymwjg D¤§vi m¦v‡_© c~e©e½evmx‡K gvZ„fvlv

cwiZ¨v‡Mi Rb¨I cÖ¯—yZ nB‡Z nq|

1948 m‡bi fvlvÐAv‡›`vjb I QvÎjxM MV‡b †kL gywRe AviI A‡b‡Ki

mwnZ AMªbx f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib| GB mgq Zuvnv‡K Dch©ycwi KviveiY Kwi‡Z nq|

Av‡›`vj‡bi Awf‡hv‡M 1949 m‡b XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq nB‡Z Zuvnv‡K ewn¯‹vi Kiv

nq|

25‡k †deªyqvix, 1948 Zvwi‡L cvwK¯—vb MYcwil‡` ax‡i›`ªbv_ `Ë evsjv

fvlv‡K ivóªfvlv wnmv‡e gh©v`v cÖ`vb Kwievi `vex Rvbvb wKš‘ cÖavbgš¿x wjqvKZ

Avjx Lvb, LvRv bvwRgDwÏb cÖgyL D³ cÖ¯—v‡ei Zxeª we‡ivaxZv K‡ib|

21‡k gvP©, 1948 Zvwi‡L †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn XvKvq cÖ`Ë m¤¦a©bv mfvq

†Nvlbv K‡ib †h cvwK¯—v‡bi ivóªfvlv D`~y© nB‡e| 24‡k gvP© GKB K_v wZwb XvKv

wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Kb‡fv‡Kkb Abyôv‡b ewj‡j Qv·`i ga¨ nB‡Z cÖ_g cÖwZev`

cÖwZaŸwbZ nq Ges fvlv Av‡›`vjb `vbv euvwa‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i|

23‡k Ryb 1948 Zvwi‡L AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM cÖwZwôZ nq| GB msMV‡bi

cÖ_g mfvcwZ gvIjvbv Avãyyj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx, m¤úv`K kvgmyj nK Ges

Ab¨Zg hyM¥ m¤úv`K nb †kL gywReyi ingvb|

1948 m‡bi 11B †m‡Þ¤¦&i Zvwi‡L wRbœvni g„Zy¨ nB‡j cvwK¯—vb

ivRbxwZ‡Z cÖvmv` Pµv‡š—i m~Pbv nq| 1951 m‡bi 11B †m‡Þ¤¦i Zvwi‡L

wjqvKZ Avjxi nZ¨vi ci GB lol‡š¿i ivRbxwZ †eMevb nB‡Z _v‡K| BwZg‡a¨

†Mvjvg †gvnv¤§` A_©gš¿x nBqv‡Qb| wZwb g~jZ fviZxq AwWU G¨vÛ GKvD›Um

mvwf©‡mi GKRb Avgjv wQ‡jb| †`k wefv‡Mi mgq wZwb nvq`vivev‡`i wbRvg

miKv‡ii GKRb Kg©KZ©v wQ‡jb| †`k wefv‡Mi mgq wZwb cvwK¯—v‡b Pwjqv

Av‡mb| wZwb A_© gš¿x I Zrci wjqvKZ Avjxi g„Zy¨i ci cvwK¯—v‡bi MfY©i

52

†Rbv‡ij c` AwaKvi K‡ib Ges LvRv bvwRgywÏb cÖavbgš¿x wbe©vwPZ n‡qb| †gRi

†Rbv‡ij Bm&‡K›`vi gxR©v cÖwZi¶v mwPe wnmv‡e wb‡qvMcÖvß n‡qb| 1920 m‡b

gxR©v weªwUkÐfviZxq †mbvevwnbx‡Z Kwgkb cÖvß n‡qb| wZwb gvÎ 6 ermi

†mbvevwnbx‡Z Kg©iZ wQ‡jb| 1926 m‡b wZwb †mbvevwnbx nB‡Z Indian Political

Service G †hvM`vb K‡ib Ges G¨v‡evUvev‡` mnKvix Kwgkbvi c‡` wbhy³ nb| wZwb

1947 m‡b DcRvwZ GjvKvq miKvi c‡¶ cwjwUK¨vj G‡R›U wQ‡jb| AvBDe Lvb

m¦vaxbZvi Pvi erm‡ii g‡a¨ e¨vUvwjqb KgvÛvi c` nB‡Z †Rbv‡ij c‡` DbœxZ

nBqv 1951 mv‡j cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖavb †mbvcwZ c‡` c‡`vbœwZ cÖvß n‡qb| 1953

m‡bi GwcÖj gv‡m †Mvjvg †gvnv¤§` MYcwil‡`i msL¨vMwiô m`m¨M‡Yi

Av¯’vfvRb LvRv bvwRgywÏb‡K cÖavbgš¿x c` nB‡Z eiLv¯— KiZt Avi GK

Avgjv †gvnv¤§` Avjx e¸ov‡K cÖavbgš¿x c‡` wb‡qvM cÖ`vb K‡ib| †Rbv‡ij

AvBDe Lvb D³ gš¿xmfvq †mbvcwZ c`mn cÖwZi¶v gš¿x wnmv‡e †hvM`vb

K‡ib| GB cÖm‡½ cvwK¯—vb mycÖxg †Kv†U©i wePvicwZ Yakub Ali, J., (Asma Jilani

V. Government of Punjab PLD 1972 SC 139). e‡jb t

ÔÔThis was the first constitutional mishap of Pakistan as Governor-

General Mr. Ghulam Mohammad was only a constitutional head. He had to

act on the advice given to him by the Prime Minister and under the

Constitutional Instruments (Indian Independence Act, 1947, and the

Government of India Act, 1935) he had no legal authority to dismiss the

Prime Minister and assume to himself the role of a sovereignÕÕ

ZvnvQvov, cÖwZi¶v mwPe c‡` Bm‡K›`vi wgR©v Ges cÖwZi¶v gš¿x c‡`

AvBDe Lv‡bi wb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g wmwfj cÖkvm‡b k„•Ljv evwnbxi wb‡qvM Ges

wb‡qvMcÖvß miKvix Kg©KZ©v I wb‡qvM cÖ`vbKvix KZ„©c¶ c‡` GKB e¨w³ wb‡qv‡Mi

cvwK¯—vbx legacyi cÖvi¤¢|

‡kL gywRe 1951 m‡b cvwK¯—vb MVbZ‡š¿i Lm&ov g~jbxwZi we‡ivwaZv K‡ib|

BwZg‡a¨ 1952 m‡b fvlv Av‡›`vjb Avi¤¢ nq Ges 21†k †deªyqvix we‡k¦i

BwZnv‡m me© cÖ_g gvZ„fvlvi Rb¨ evsjvi gvbyl cÖvY wemR©b †`q| Bnvi cÖwZev‡`

†kL gywRe KvivMv‡i Abkb Avi¤¢ K‡ib|

53

GBfv‡e, cvwK¯—vb miKvi evOvjx‡`i gvZ„fvlv Kvwoqv jBevi loh†š¿i

m~Pbv K‡i| GB cwiw¯’wZ‡Z evOvjx‡`i g‡b Zvnv‡`i ivR‰bwZK fwel¨Z m¤¦‡Ü cÖkœ

DwV‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i| cvwK¯—vb wK mZ¨B cvwK¯—v‡bi msL¨vMwiô Rb‡Mvôx evOvjx‡`i

Av‡`Š cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i| evOvjxiv wK GLbI Bs‡iR‡`i cwie‡Z© cwðg cvwK¯—vbx‡`i

Awab¯—| evOvjxiv wK GLb cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi Dcwb‡e‡k cwibZ nBj| hw`I

evOvjx‡`i †fv‡Ui kw³‡Z cvwK¯—vb m„wó nBqvwQj wKš‘ GLb wem¥‡qi mwnZ Zvnviv

Dcjwä Kwi‡Z Avi¤¢ Kwij †h cvwK¯—vb m„wó‡Z †h wmwfj I wgwjUvix Avgjv‡`i

Av‡`Š †Kvb f~wgKv wQj bv Bs‡iR kvmK‡`i cwie‡Z© ZvnvivB GLb cvwK¯—vb ivR¨

kvmb Kwi‡Z‡Q| GB mKj cÖkœ ev½vjx‡`i g‡b mZZ Av‡jvwoZ nB‡Z jvwMj Ges

evOvjxiv AevOvjx‡`i mwnZ wb‡R‡`i cv_©K¨ cÖwZ c‡` c‡` Dcjwä Kwi‡Z eva¨

nBj Ges 19 ermi c‡ii gyw³hy‡×i †mvcvb m„wó Avi¤¢ nBj| i³ mœvZ nBqv

c~e©e‡½i gvbyl Dcjwä Kwij †h Zvnviv evOvjx, cvwK¯—vbx bq|

1953 m‡bi 5B wW‡m¤¦i Zvwi‡L gvIjvbv Avãyj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx I

Rbve G,‡K, dRjyj nK GK hy³ wee„wZ‡Z AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM I K…lK kÖwgK

cvwU© mn‡hv‡M hy³dª›U MVb Kwievi wm×vš— cÖ`vb K‡ib| 1954 m‡bi Rvbyqvix

gv‡m wbe©vPbx Bm‡Znvi wnmv‡e 21 `dv cÖYxZ nq| Bnvi cÖ_g `dvB wQj †h

evsjv cvwK¯—v‡bi Ab¨Zg ivóª fvlv nB‡Z nB‡e| 21 `dv QvÎ mgvR I mvaviY

Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ cÖej mvov †RvMvB‡Z m¶g nq| 1954 m‡bi 8B gvP© Zvwi‡L

AbywôZ wbe©vP‡b hy³d«›U wbisKzk msL¨vMwiôZv jvf K‡i Ges †h gymwjg jxM‡K

evsjvi gvbyl 1946 m‡bi wbe©vP‡b 97% †fvU cÖ`vb KwiqvwQj Zvnv‡K m¤ú~Y©

cwiZ¨vM K‡i|

AZtci, G,†K, dRjyj nK c~e©e‡½ miKvi MVb K‡ib wKš‘ `yB gv‡mi

g‡a¨ †K›`ªxq miKvi 30‡k ‡g Zvwi‡L c~e©e‡½ Ri“ix Ae¯’v †Nvlbv KiZt

gš¿xmfv fvw½qv †`q Ges †PŠayix LvwjKz¾vgv‡bi cwie‡Z© †gRi †Rbv‡ij

Bm&Kv›`vi gxR©v‡K c~e©e‡½i MeY©i wbhy³ K‡i| wZwb XvKvq AvwmqvB †Nvlbv w`‡jb

†h cvwK¯—v‡bi ALÛZv i¶v‡_© wZwb 10 nvRvi evOvjx‡K Lyb Kwi‡ZI cÖ¯—yZ|

wZwb AviI ûgwK †`b †h fvmvbx †`‡k wdwi‡j Zuvnv‡K ¸wj Kiv nB‡e| D‡j−L¨ †h

54

H mgq fvmvbx wek¦ kvwš— cwil‡`i m‡¤§jb Dcj‡¶ BD‡iv‡c Ae¯’vb

Kwi‡ZwQ‡jb|

BwZg‡a¨ 8B †g Zvwi‡L cvwK¯—vb MYcwil` my`~i 20 ermi ci D`~© I

evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv Kwievi wm×vš— jB‡j c~e©e†½ cÖwZev†`i So I‡V|

MYcwil` BwZg‡a¨ mKj ivR‰bwZK `‡ji mwnZ gZ wewbgq KiZt Lm&ov

msweavb cÖYqb KvR m¤ú~Y© K‡i wKš‘ cieZx© Awa‡ek‡b †ck Kwievi Ae¨ewnZ

c~‡e©B †Mvjvg †gvnv¤§` Ri“ix Ae¯’v Rvix K‡ib Ges MYcwil` fvw½qv †`b| GB

cÖm‡½ Yakub Ali,J. e‡jb (Asma Jilani)

“ By 1954, the draft of the Constitution based on the

Objectives Resolution had been prepared with the assent of the

leaders of the various parties in the Constituent Assembly when on

the 24th October 1954, Mr. Ghulam Muhammad knowing full well

that the draft Constitution was ready, by a proclamation, dissolved

the Constituent Assembly, and placed armed guards outside the

Assembly Hall. This was the second great mishap of Pakistan.ÕÕ

b~Zb gš¿xmfvq AvBDe Lvb‡K cÖwZi¶v Ges BmKv›`vi gxR©v‡K m¦ivóª

gš¿Yvj‡qi `vwqZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv nq|

MYcwil` fvw½qv w`evi Av‡`k †gŠjfx ZwgRywÏb Lvb wmÜy wPd&†Kv‡U©

P¨v‡jÄ Kwi‡j 1954 m‡bi 7B b‡f¤¦i D³ Av‡`k A‰ea †Nvlbv Kiv nq|

wKš‘ †dWv‡ij †KvU© Bnvi 1955 m‡bi 21‡k gv‡P©i iv‡q MfY©i †Rbv‡ij

KZ„©K MYcwil` fvw½qv w`evi Av‡`k ‰ea †Nvlbv K‡i| 18 ermi ci Asma Jilani

Gi †gvKvÏgvq cvwK¯—vb mycÖxg †KvU© D³ ivq‡K ågvZ¥K e‡jb |

BwZg‡a¨ 1955 m‡bi †deªyqvix gv‡m hy³d«›U Kvh©Z fvw½qv hvq|

hvnvnDK, †dWv‡ij †Kv‡U©i wb‡`©k Abymv‡i 31†g Zvwi‡L 2q MYcwil‡`i

wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| GB wbe©vP‡b †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`x© I Ab¨vb¨‡`i

mwnZ †kL gywReI m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ n‡qb|

23‡k Ryb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi GK mfvq †kL gywR‡ei D‡`¨v‡M c~e©e‡½i

Rb¨ m¦vqZ¡ kvmb `vex Kiv nq|

55

c~e©e‡½i c~Y© m¦vqZ¡kvm†bi `vex‡Z †kL gywRe GB mgq e¨vcK

MYAv‡›`vjb Avi¤¢ K‡ib| GB D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb wb‡R Ô‡Kb c~e© e‡½ A‡Uvbwg PvBÕ

GB wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU cyw¯—Kv cÖKvk K‡ib Ges c~e©eZx© mvZ erm‡i c~e©e‡½i

eÂbvi BwZnvm Zywjqv a‡ib|

Amy¯’Zvi Rb¨ †Mvjvg †gvnv¤§` QywU jB‡Z eva¨ nB‡j 1955 m‡bi 16

AMv÷ Zvwi‡L †gRi †Rbv‡ij BmKv›`vi gxR©v A¯’vqx MfY©i †Rbv‡ij wnmv‡e

`vwqZ¡fvi Mªnb K‡ib| GB m‡½B †kl nq Avgjv †Mvjvg †gvnv¤§‡`i ivR‰bwZK

Rxeb|

MYcwil‡`i cÖwZwU Awa‡ek‡b †kL gywRe c~e©e‡½i m¦vqZ¡kvm‡bi

`vex AZ¨š— JRm¦x fvlvq Zywjqv awi‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡ib|

1955 m‡bi 25 †k AMv÷ Zvwi‡L AbywôZ MYcwil‡`i Awa‡ek‡b †kL

gywRe c~e©e‡½i `vex I m¦v_© i¶v‡_© GKB w`‡b 19 evi †Rvivj e³e¨

iv‡Lb|wZwb c~e©e‡½i bvg cwieZ©b Kwiqv c~e© cvwK¯—vb ivwLevi cÖ¯—v‡ei cÖPÛ

we‡ivwaZv K‡ib| wZwb †mB 1955 m‡bB GB cÖ‡`‡ki bvg ÔevsjvÕ A_ev

Ôc~e©evsjvÕ ivwLevi `vwe RvbvBqvwQ‡jb| wZwb cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi PviwU cÖ‡`k

jBqv GK BDwbU MVb cÖ¯—v‡ei Zxeª we‡ivaxZv K‡ib Ges KivPx‡K GK

BDwbU fy³ Kwiqv cvwK¯—v‡bi ivRavbx ¯’vbvš—‡ii Zxeª mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib| wZwb

e‡jb t

“ Sir, you will see that they want to place the words “East Pakistan”

instead of “East Bengal”. We have demanded so many times that

you should make it Bengal (Pakistan). The word “Bengal” has a

history, has a tradition of its own. You can change it only after the

people have been consulted. If you want to change it then we will

have to go back to Bengal and ask them whether they accept it. So

far as the question of one-Unit is concerned it can come in the

Constitution. Why do you want it to take up just now ? What about

the State Language, Bengali ? What about joint electorate ? What

about autonomy ? The people of east Bengal will be prepared to

consider one Unit with all these things. So I appeal to my friends on

that side to allow the people to give their verdict in any way, in the

form of referendum or in the form of plebiscite. Let the people of

56

Frontier say that they want one Unit. At the moment they say that

they are against it. ....................................................................... All

right, if they are in favour let a referendum be held and let the

people decide themselves and we will accept it.

As far as Karachi is concerned, there should be no

referendum in Karachi because it is the Federal Capital ............. We

have no right to take Karachi from the poeple of Karachi and from

the people of East Pakistan. It belongs to us also as it belongs to

other parts of Pakistan. We have spent so much money for its

development. Why do you want to make another capital and spend

hundreds and thousands of rupees and for which you will require at

least 50 years.

For these reasons, I appeal to my friends “Zulum mat karo

Bahi ÕÕ (Do not be so cruel). If you will force it upon us then we

have to adopt unconstitutional means. You must proceed

constitutionally. If you do not allow the people to follow

constitutional ‘means, ‘they will perforce’ adopt unconsitutional

means. That is what has happened all over the world and it can be

seen from the history of world. So I appeal to them: if you love

Pakistan; though unfortunately after the achievement of Pakistan,

you are at the helm of affairs and those people who fought for its

establishment are no more with us.

So, I will appeal to you, although you have got force at your

disposal, that for the sake of Pakistan, for the sake of democracy, for

the sake of humanity, for the sake of Quaid-e-Azam, go to the

people, let the people give their verdict and we will accept

it.(A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv hy× `wjjcÎ, cÖ_g LÛ c„ôv 431)

21‡k †m‡Þ¤¦i Zvwi‡L MYcwil‡` GK BDwbU evwZj, 21 `dv Ges

AvÂwjK m¦vqZ¡kvmb `vex Kwiqv †kL gywRe e³e¨ iv‡Lb |

cvwK¯—v‡bi Lm&ov kvmbZ‡š¿ mxwgZ MYZš¿ Ges MfY©i †Rbv‡i‡ji n‡¯—

wbisKzk ¶gZv b¨¯— Kwievi wec` m¤ú‡K© †kL gywRe 22‡k †m‡Þ¤¦i MYcwil‡`

mveavbevYx D”PviY K‡ib|

57

1jv A‡±ve‡ii Awa‡ek‡b MYZvwš¿K kvmbZš¿ cÖYqb, m¦vqZ¡kvmb Ges

MfY©i †Rbv‡ij†K mxwgZ ¶gZv cÖ`vb Kwiqv wZwb msm`xq miKvi cÖwZôvi

`vex Rbvb|

1955 m‡bi 22‡k A‡±vei Zvwi‡L AvIqvgx jx‡Mi KvDwÝj Awa‡ek‡b

ÔAvIqvgx gymwjg jxMÕ Gi bvg nB‡Z ÔgymwjgÕ kã ev` w`qv RvwZÐag©

wbwe©‡k‡l mK‡ji Rb¨ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Øvi AevwiZ Kiv nq| D³ KvDwÝj

Awa‡ek‡b c~e© cvwK¯—vb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mfvcwZ c‡` wbe©vwPZ n‡qb gvIjvbv

Avãyj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx Ges †kL gywReyi ingvb mvaviY m¤úv`K wbe©vwPZ

n‡qb|

GB iKg mg‡q 1935 m‡bi fviZ kvmb AvBb gvidr cÖewZ©Z c„_K

wbe©vPb c×wZi cwie‡Z© †kL gywRe hy³ wbe©vPb c×wZ cÖeZ©‡bi `vex Rvbvb|

1956 m‡bi 17B Rvbyqvix Zvwi‡L wZwb MYcwil‡`i ‰`bw›`b Kvh©m~wP

evsjvq gyw`ÖZ nIqvi `vex Rvbvb|

gvIjvbv fvmvbx 15B Rvbyqvix Zvwi‡L AbywôZ Rbmfvq 1956 m‡bi cÖ¯—

vweZ kvmbZš¿ m¤ú‡K© e‡jb †h Lmov kvmbZš¿ cvwK¯—v‡bi wbh©vwZZ

RbmvaviY‡K k„sLwjZ Kwievi GK gnvlohš¿|

1956 m‡bi Rvbyqvix gv‡m MYcwil‡` kvmbZš¿ wej msµvš— weZ‡K©

Aveyj gbmyi Avn‡g` c~e©eZx© weMZ 8(AvU) erm‡i c~e©e‡½i eÂbvi BwZnvm eY©bv

K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb †h weMZ 8(AvU) erm‡i †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii ev‡R†U 237 †KvwU

14 j¶ UvKv NvU&wZ _vKv m‡Z¡I H mg‡q cwðg cvwK¯—v‡b 790 †KvwU 67

j¶ UvKv LiP Kiv nq wKš‘ H mg‡q c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b LiP nq gvÎ 42 †KvwU 66

j¶ UvKv hw`I H ermi¸wj‡Z c~e© cvwK¯—vb †K›`ªxq ivR‡m¦ 168 ‡KvwU 14

j¶ UvKv cÖ`vb KwiqvwQj A_©vr H mg‡q c~e© cvwK¯—vb nB‡Z 125 †KvwU 50

j¶ UvKv †K‡›`ª A_©vr cÖK…Z c‡¶ cwðg cvwK¯—v‡b webv cÖwZ`v‡b cvPvi nq|

wZwb e‡jb (evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv hy× `wjjcÎt 1g LÛ, c„t 459) t

“ ...................the expenditure of the Central Government of Pakistan

is not the income of the people of East Pakistan. It is one-way

traffic. It comes from East Pakistan but does not go back to East

58

Pakistan but is absorbed in West Pakistan. Therefore, gradually East

Pakistan is going to be impoverished very rapidly.”

Aveyj gbmyi Avn‡g` wnmve Kwlqv †`Lvb †h c~e©eZx© 8 erm‡i evsjvi

gvbyl RbcÖwZ evrmwiK 1 UvKv 2 Avbv †K›`ªxq miKvi nB‡Z †_‡K cÖvß nBqvwQj

A_P cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi gvbyl H mg‡q cvBqvwQj Rb cÖwZ 32 UvKv| Rbve

Avn&‡g` cÖkœ DÌvcb K‡ib (c„t 460)t

“ Sir, you have heard so much of Bengal which was known in

history as “ Golden Bengal” and which was said to be full of honey

and milk. Where has it gone after the achievement of Pakistan ?”

Rbve Avn‡¤§` AviI e‡jb †h †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii †h Avq Zvnvi cÖvq

m¤ú~Y©UvB cwðg cvwK¯—v‡b LiP nq| ZvnvQvov, c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi ißvbx Av‡qiI

meUvB cwðg cvwK¯—v‡b wkí evwbR¨ BZ¨vw` Lv‡Z e¨q nq|

‡kL gywRe Zuvnvi e³‡e¨ e‡jb (21†k Rvbyqvix 1956) †h evsjvi gvbyl

†mvnivIqv`x©, dRjyj nK ev gvIjvbv fvmvbx‡K †fvU †`q bvB, Zvnviv †fvU

w`qv‡Q 21 `dv‡K, 21 `dv‡K †fvU w`qv‡Q ewjqvB Zvnviv MYcwil‡` wbe©vwPZ

nBqv‡Qb| AZGe, 21 `dvi wfwˇZB msweavb cÖYq‡bi `vex wZwb Rvbvb| wZwb

e‡jb †h, †K›`ªxq miKv‡i ïaygvÎ cÖwZi¶v, ciivóª gš¿Yvjq Ges gy`Öv e¨e¯’v

ivwL‡jB †K›`ªxq miKvi m~`„p nB‡e| wZwb e‡jb †h cvwK¯—vb AR©‡bi msMªv‡g

hvnv‡`i we›`ygvÎ Ask Mªnb wQj bv ZvnvivB GLb cvwK¯—vb kvmb Kwi‡Z‡Q| wZwb

e‡jb (`wjjcÎt 1g LÛ, c„t 462Ð63)t

“Sir, I am only pointing it out to you. Sir, it is like this : there are

two hands to the body of Pakistan. One is West Pakistan and the

other is East Pakistan. They are making one hand strong and the

other hand weak. Sir, this policy is wrong and will ruin the country.

In the Central Government Services, those who form 56 per cent

population are not getting 5 per cent share. The East Bengal people

are educated, but they are not getting thier share. Sir, we do not

blame the West Pakistan people. In fact we want autonomy for them

also. If East Pakistan gets autonomy, the West Pakistan people will

also get autonomy. We blame the ruling janta. These jagirdars

59

zaminders, these big landlords and ruling janta of West Pakistan has

suppressed the peoples’ opinion of West Pakistan. They are so much

suppressed, they cannot cry, they cannot demand, but the people of

East Paksitan are politically conscious. They challenge anybody

and everybody. They challenge Mr. Fazlul Haq, Mr. Suhrawardy,

Moulana Bhashani; they challenge their leaders. They tell their

leaders “ You have done this wrong and we will not vote for you”,

but they have been suppressed, persecuted and they have been

economically ruined. They have no land; no shelter. But, Sir, we

have nothing against the people of West Pakistan, but against the

ruling janta, who have entered the Constituent Assembly through

the backdoor, one who were not even in the District Board and have

become Foreign Minister of Pakistan and such people want to speak

on behalf of the people of East Pakistan and say that the people of

East Bengal support this draft Constitution. Sir, I have just come

from East Pakistan and know the mind of the people there. I know

that they have rejected this un-Islamic, undemocratic and dictatorial

Constitution, and it cannot be accepted by the people of Pakistan,

particularly the people of East Pakistan. These people are thinking

that they will sit in Karachi like Mr. Pathan-he will never go back to

East Pakistan; he is domiciled here. So these people are also

thinking that they will earn some money and make a house here.

They cannot go back because they are going against the demand of

full regional autonomy which is the demand of the people. You can

kill us, you can jail us. Sometimes we hear that our lives are in

danger, but we are not afraid. We have been elected by the people

on the basis of 21-Point Programme, on the basis of regional

autonomy. They can betray but we cannot.”

AvZvDi ingvb Lvb Zvnvi e³‡e¨ Aveyj gbmyi Avn‡g`‡K DׄZ Kwiqv

e‡jb (21†k Rvbt, 1956) (`wjjcÎt cÖ_g LÛ, c„t 464)t

“ Sir, he said we are two geographical and economic units; we are

two people; we have got two cultures; we have got two ideas; we

have got two languages. All this had astounded these people. It has

shocked them. I wonder if the injustice of the last eight years has

shocked their conscience or not. Sir, they do not possess any

conscience.” (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

60

1952 m‡bi fvlv knx`‡`i m¥i‡Y I m¤§v‡b †kL gywRe MYcwil‡`i

Awa‡ekb gyjZex cÖ¯—ve Avwbqv e‡jb t

“ I beg to move that the House be adjourned today, the 21st

February, in the memory of the martyrs who laid down their lives to

the cause of getting Bengali as State Languaze.”

ZvnvQvov, wZwb KivPx I XvKvq cvwK¯—v‡bi `yBwU ivR&avbx ¯’vc‡bi `vex

DÌvcb K‡ib|

1956 m‡bi 29‡k †deªyqvix MYcwil†` Lmov kvmbZš¿ wej cvm nq|

kvmbZ‡š¿ evsjv I D`©y‡K ivóªÐfvlvi gh©v`v †`Iqv nq Ges Aš—Z ZvwË¡Kfv‡e

nB‡jI cÖ‡`k mg~‡ni m¦vqZ¡kvmbI m¦¦xKvi Kiv nq wKš‘ c~e©e‡½i bvg c~e© cvwK¯—

vb KiY, mKj †¶‡Î msL¨vmvg¨ ( parity) m¦xKvi bv Kiv, hy³ wbe©vPb c×wZ

m¤ú‡K© †Kvb wm×vš— bv jIqv BZ¨vw` cÖ‡kœ knx` †mvnivIqv`x© I †kL gywR†ei

†bZ„‡Z¡ AvIqvgx jxM m`m¨MY Lm&ov kvmbZš¿ M„nxZ nIqvi cÖwZev‡`

MYcwil` K¶ Z¨vM K‡ib|

B¯‹v›`vi gxR©v‡K †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vPb Kiv nB‡e GB Avk¦v‡m wZwb kvmbZ‡š¿

m¦v¶i K‡ib| 1956 m‡bi 9B gvP© B¯‹v›`vi gxR©v cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖ_g ivóªcwZ

wnmv‡e kc_ Mªnb K‡ib| GBevi GKRb wgwjUvix Avgjv ivóª cÖav‡bi `vwqZ¡fvi

Mªnb K‡ib| 23‡k gvP© nB‡Z GB kvmbZš¿ Kvh©Ki Kiv nq|

cvwK¯—v‡b kvmbZš¿ cÖPjb nB‡jI kvmK‡`i `„wófw½ ev gbÐ gvbwmKZvi

cwieZ©b nq bvB| AZGe, gxR©vi †bZ„‡Z mvgwiK I †emvgwiK Avgjvi

mgwfe¨vnv‡i cÖvmv` lohš¿ Pwj‡ZB _v‡K| Zvnviv KLbB msm`xq MYZš¿ Mªnb

Kwi‡Z cv‡ib bvB, ivóªcwZi kvm‡bi Av”Qv`‡b GKbvqKZ¡&B Zvnv‡`i †ekx cQ›`

wQj| wesk kZvãxi ga¨fv‡M wek¦e¨vcx MYZš¿vq‡Yi †Lvjv nvIqv‡ZI Zvnviv

ga¨hy‡Mi gbÐgvbwmKZvq Av”Qbœ wQ‡jb|

GBi“c ivR‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZi g‡a¨ 1956 m‡bi 12 B †m‡Þ¤¦i †nv‡mb knx`

†mvnivIqv`x© cvwK¯—v‡bi cÂg cÖavbgš¿x wbhy³ n‡qb| †mB mgq c~e© I cwðg

cvwK¯—v‡bi g‡a¨ A_©‰bwZK I PvKzix †¶Î mn me©†¶‡Î ce©ZÐcÖgvb ‰elg¨

61

we`¨gvb wQj| †mvnivIqv`x© D³ ‰elg¨ `~i Kwievi Rb¨ c`‡¶c jB‡Z Avi¤¢

K‡ib wKš‘ cÖwZwU †¶‡ÎB AevOvjx Avgjviv evav m„wó KwiZ|

29‡k †m‡Þ¤¦i Zvwi‡L c~e© cvwK¯—vb AvBb mfvq c„_K wbe©vPb c×wZi

cwie‡Z© hy³ wbe©vPb c×wZ wej cvk nq|

cvwK¯—vb cÖwZôvi ci 1956 m‡bi 14B A‡±vei me©cÖ_g XvKvq RvZxq

msm‡`i Awa‡ekb e‡m| H Awa‡ek‡b hy³ wbe©vPb wej cvm nq|

‡mB mgq c~e© cvwK¯—v†bi cÖavb `vex wQj m¦vqZ¡kvmb| ZvnvQvov, m¦vaxb

ciivóªbxwZi m¦c‡¶ RbgZ `vbv evwa‡ZwQj| 1957 m‡bi †deªyqvix gv‡m AvIqvgx

jx‡Mi KvMgvix m‡¤§j‡b gvIjvbv fvmvbx e‡jb †h m¦vqZ¡kvmb cÖ`vb Kiv bv

nB‡j AvMvgx `k erm‡ii g‡a¨ c~e© cvwK¯—vb cwðg cvwK¯—vb‡K Avm&mvjvgy

AvjvBKzg ewjevi ZvwM` Abyfe Kwi‡Z cv‡i| m‡¤§j‡b cÖ¯—ve M„nxZ nq †h whwb

AvIqvgx jx‡Mi m¤úv`K nB‡eb wZwb gš¿x _vwK‡Z cvwi‡eb bv | AZtci,

AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Z`vwbš—b mvaviY m¤úv`K †kL gywRe gš¿xi c` nB‡Z c`Z¨vM

K‡ib|

GB iKg mg‡q cvwK¯—v‡bi †K‡›`ªI Dfq cÖ‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK fvOvMovi

†Ljv Pwj‡ZwQj Ges Bnvi cÖavb †L‡jvqvo wQ‡jb gxR©v wb‡R| wZwb Zvnvi

fwel¨Z lohš¿g~jK Kv‡h©i wfwË wnmv‡e wewfbœfv‡e ivRbxwZex`M‡Yi mybvg nvbxi

cÖ‡Póvq iZ wQ‡jb| GBiƒc Ae¯’vq c~e©cvwK¯—vbevmxiv Avkv KwiqvwQj †h

1957 m‡bi gvP© gv‡mi g‡a¨ mvaviY wbe©vPb AbywôZ nB‡j ivRbxwZ‡Z GKwU w¯’wZ

Ae¯’v Avwm‡e| wbe©vPb Kwgkb cÖ_‡g †NvlYv Kwij †h 1958 m‡bi gvP© gv‡m

wbe©vPb AbywôZ nB‡e| wKš‘ cieZx©‡Z cybivq Zvnviv ZvwiL cwieZ©b K‡i| hvnv

nDK, Dfq cÖ‡`‡ki `vexi gy‡L 1959 m‡bi 15 B †deªyqvix wbe©vP‡bi w`b wbw`©ó

Kiv nq| BwZg‡a¨ 15wU Dcwbe©vP‡bi g‡a¨ AvIqvgx jxM G‡Ki ci GK 14wU

DcÐwbe©vP‡b Rqjvf K‡i|

1958 m‡bi A‡±vei gv‡mi cÖ_g mßvn | cvwK¯—v‡bi gvbyl gvÎ 4(Pvi)

gvm c‡i AbywôZe¨ wbe©vP‡bi Rb¨ Aaxi AvMª‡n A‡c¶gvb| ivRbxwZKMY wewfbœ

GjvKvq Rbms‡hv‡M e¨¯— | GB mgq 7B A‡±vei ivZ 10Ð30 wgwb‡U ivóªcwZ

gxR©v †iwWI‡Z cÖ`Ë fvl‡b mgMª cvwK¯—v‡b mvgwiK AvBb Rvix K‡ib Ges

62

msweavb evwZj K‡ib| ZvnvQvov, †K›`ªxq I cÖv‡`wkK miKvi I AvBbmfv fvwOqv

†`Iqv nq Ges mKj ivR‰bwZK `j wbwl× †Nvlbv Kiv nq|

GB NUbv‡K cvwK¯—v‡bi Pig `y‡h©vM ewjqv AwfwnZ Kiv hvq| GKB mg‡q

m¦vaxbZv cÖvß cvk¦©eZx© †`k fvi‡Z hLb `yBwU mvaviY wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g MYZš¿

cÖùywUZ nB‡Z Avi¤¢ Kwiqv‡Q †mLv‡b cvwK¯—v‡b †Kvb mvaviY wbe©vPbB AbywôZ

nq bvB eis MYZ‡š¿i Acg„Zy¨ NUvb nq| weMZ 9 erm‡i ivóª wnmv‡e Bnvi hvnv

wKQy AR©b wQj GK †Nvlbvq Zvnv mewKQy aywjm¨vr nq|

GB cÖm‡½ Asma Jilani ‡gvKvÏgvq Yaqub Ali, J., e‡jb t

“ A National Assembly was yet to be elected under the 1956-

Constitution when Mr. Iskander Mirza who had become the first

President by a Proclamation issued on the 7th October 1958,

abrogated the Constitution; dissolved the National and Provincial

Assemblies and imposed Martial Law throughout the country;

General Muhammad Ayub Khan Commander-in-Chief of the

Pakistan Army, was appointed as the Chief Administrator of Martial

Law. This was the third great mishap which hit Pakistan like a bolt

from the blue................................

On the 13th October 1958, Criminal Appeals State v. Dosso

and three other connected matters came up for hearing before the

Court................

Delivering the majority judgment of the Court Munir,C.J.

held that as Art. 5 of the late Constitution itself had now disappeared

from the new Legal Order, the Frontier Crimes Regulation (III of

1901) was by reason of Article IV of the Laws (Continuance in

Force) Order, 1958, still in force and all proceedings in cases in

which the validity of that Regulation had been called in question

having abated the convictions of the respondents recorded by the

Council-of-Elders was good.......

The judgment in State v. Dosso set the seal of legitimacy on

the government of Iskander Mirza though he himself was deposed

from office by Muhammad Ayub Khan, a day after the judgment

was delivered on the 23rd October 1958, and he assumbed to himself

the office of the President. The judgments, in the cases Maulvi

Tamizuddin Khan; Governor-General Reference 1 of 1955 and The

State v. Dosso had profound effect on the consitutional

63

developments in Pakistan. As a commentator has remarked, a

perfectly good country was made into a laughing stock. A country

which came into being with a written Constitution providing for a

parliamentary form of Government with distribution of State power

between the Executive, Legislature, and the Judiciary was soon

converted into an autocracy and eventually degenerated into military

dictatorship. From now onwards people who were the recepients of

delegated sovereignty from the Almighty, ceased to have any share

in the exercise of the State powers. An all omnipotent sovereign

now ruled over the people in similar manner as the alien commander

of the army who has conquered a country and his “will” alone

regulates the conduct and behaviour of the subjugated populace.

Martial Law remained in force till the 7th of June 1962, when in

pursuance to a Mandate he had obtained by some kind of

referendum Muhammad Ayub Khan gave a Constitution to the

country. Under it he himself became the first President; revoked the

Proclamation of 7th October 1958 and lifted Martial Law

.........................(Page-220)

............................Mr. Iskander Mirza, and Mr. Ayub Khan

had joined hands on the night between 7th and 8th October 1958, to

overthrow the national legal order unmindful of the fact that by

abrogating the 1956-Constitution they were not only committing

acts of treason, but were also destroying for ever the agreement

reached after Ôlaborious efforts between the citizens of East Pakistan

and citizens of West Pakistan to live together as one Nation. The

cessation of East Pakistan thirteen years later is, in my view, directly

attributable to this tragic incident.....ÕÕ

mvgwiK AvBb Rvix nIqvq mgMª cvwK¯—v‡b we‡kl Kwiqv c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b

fqven `gbÐwb¯úxob bvwgqv Av‡m| gvIjvbv fvmvbx, †kL gywRe mn kZ kZ †bZv

Kg©x Kvivi“× nq| Zvnv‡`i Dci Pvjvb nq AK_¨ wbh©vZb|

BwZg‡a¨ 27‡k A‡±vei Zvwi‡L gxR©v‡K AcmviY Kwiqv AvBqye Lvb wb‡R‡K

ivóªcwZ †Nvlbv K‡ib| Zrci wb‡RB wdì gvk©vj c` Mªnb K‡ib|

AZtci, 1960 m‡bi 14B †deªyqvix Zvwi‡L ÔnuvÕ I ÔbvÕ m~PK GK A™¢~Z

Z_vKw_Z ÔAv¯’v †fvUÕ Abyôvb KiZt Bnv‡Z msL¨vMwiô †fvU jvf Kwiqv wb‡R‡K

64

Ô‰ea ivóªcwZÕ ewjqv AvBDe D™¢U GK `vex K‡ib| BnvB wQj cvwK¯—v‡bi Aš—

tm¦vi k~b¨ MYZ‡š¿i PvwiwÎK ‰ewkó | 1jv gvP© 1962 Zvwi‡L AvBqye Lvb bZyb

GK kvmbZš¿ cÖYqb K‡ib| `yB cÖ‡`‡ki 80 nvRvi †gŠwjK MYZš¿x‡`i †fv‡U

ivóªcwZi wbe©vPb nB‡e| GB wbe©vP‡b RbM‡Yi †Kvb m¤ú„³Zv bvB| ivóªcwZ wb‡RB

me©gq Ges wZwbB me©¶gZvi gvwjK|

1962 m‡bi †m‡Þ¤¦i gv‡m wk¶v Kwgkb KZ„©K `vwLjK…Z wk¶vbxwZ

evwZ‡ji `vex‡Z mgMª c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi QvÎ mgvR Av‡›`vjb Avi¤¢ K‡i| 17B

†m‡Þ¤¦i Zvwi‡L AvBqye Lvb KvR©b n‡j fvlY cÖ`vb Kwi‡Z †M‡j QvÎiv

GK‡hv‡M wewfbœ †m−vMvb w`‡Z _v‡K| AvBqye Lvb †Kvb fvlY cÖ`vb bv KwiqvB

cÖ¯’vb Kwi‡Z eva¨ n‡qb|

†kL gywRe 1963 m‡b Kvivgy³ nBqvB AvBqye Lv‡bi 1962 m‡bi msweavb

we‡ivwaZv Kivmn cÖwZwU MYAv‡›`j‡b mwµq Ask Mªnb Kwi‡Z _v‡Kb| 1964 m‡b

AvIqvgx jxM cybi“¾xexZ nq Ges †kL gywRe Bnvi †Rbv‡ij †m‡µUvix wbe©vwPZ

n‡qb|

1964 m†bi Rvbyqvix gv‡m XvKvmn cÖ‡`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b `v½v Avi¤¢ nB‡j

†kL gywR‡ei D‡`¨v‡M MwVZ Ô`v½v cÖwZ‡iva KwgwUÕ

ÔÔc~e© cvwK¯—vb i“wLqv `uvovIÕÕ wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU gg©¯úkx© B‡¯—nvi cÖPvi K‡i| GB

B‡¯—nvi cÖPv‡ii Rb¨I Zuvnv‡K †MªdZvi nB‡Z nq|

gvP© gv‡m mggbv K‡qKwU we‡ivax`j cÖvßeq¯‹‡`i †fvUvwaKvi i¶vi `vex

Av`v‡qi Rb¨ GKwU me©`jxq msMªvg KwgwU MVb K‡i Ges 18 I 19 †k gvP©

Zvwi‡L AbywôZ GK Rbmfvq gvIjvbv fvmvbx I †kL gywRe AvBqye miKvi I

†gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i K‡Vvi mgv‡jvPbv Kwiqv e³e¨ iv‡Lb| c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖavb

†bZvMY Zvnv‡`i Av‡e`‡b e‡jb (`wjj cÎt 2q LÛ, c„ôv 216Ð217)t

ÔÔ†`kevmx fvBЇev‡biv,

my`xN© `yBkZ eQi e„wUk mvgªvR¨ev‡`i wei“‡× giYcY jovB

Kwiqv Avgiv †h m¦vaxbZv Z_v AvZ¥wbqš¿YvwaKvi jvf KwiqvwQjvg,

AvR Qq eQi †mB AwaKvi nB‡Z Avgiv ewÂZ| Avevi †mB AwaKvi

wQbvBqv jBqv‡Q GgbB GK kvmK †kÖYx hviv †`kevmx‡K

†fvUvwaKvi jv‡fi †hvM¨ ewjqv g‡b K‡i bv; eis ÔÔMi“ЇfoviÕÕ

65

mgZ~j¨ ewjqv g‡b K‡i| AvR we‡k¦i w`‡K w`‡K hLb bvMwiK AwaKvi

I e¨w³ m¦vaxbZv cÖwZôvi msMªvg µgk t mvdj¨ jvf Kwi‡Z‡Q

wVK †mB mgq Avgv‡`i kvmKeM© †`kevmx‡K †fvUvwaKvi jv‡fi

A‡hvM¨ †NvlYv Kwiqv Pig ‰m¦ivPvix cš’vq †`k kvm‡bi e¨e¯’v

Kwiqv‡Qb|

RvZxq Rxe‡bi GK msKURbK mwܶ‡Y AvR Avgiv Ae¯’vb

Kwi‡ZwQ| GKevi Avcbvi cwiev‡ii, Avcbvi mgv‡Ri, Avcbvi

†`‡ki K_v fvweqv †`Lyb| mgv‡Ri me©‡kÖYx I me©¯—‡i AvR GK

Pig nZvkv Ges ivR‰bwZK I A_©‰bwZK `y‡h©vM weivRgvb| wbZ¨

cÖ‡qvRbxq `Öe¨vw`i AvKvkPy¤¦x g~j¨ e„wׇZ mgvR aŸs‡mi c‡_|

bMi ïé nB‡Z Avi¤¢ Kwiqv nvRv‡iv iKg U¨v· I ewa©Z LvRbvi

Pv‡c †`kevmxi A_©‰bwZK †gi“`Û AvR fvwOqv cwoevi Dcµg

nBqv‡Q| Dbœqbg~jK Kv‡Ri bv‡g †KvwU †KvwU UvKvi Nyl QovBqv

†`‡k GK bvUKxq cwi‡e‡ki m„wó Kiv nBqv‡Q| AwW©b¨vÝ Gi

huvZvK‡j evKÐm¦vaxbZv I msev`c‡Îi m¦vaxbZv cÖvq jyß|

MYZ‡š¿i bv‡g GKbvqKZ¡ AvR †`‡ki ey‡K PvcvBqv †`Iqv

nBqv‡Q|

fvBme, cvwK¯—vb AwR©Z nq RbM‡Yi †fv‡U | Avi AvR

†mB cvwK¯—v‡bi RbMY‡K †fvUvwaKvi nB‡Z wPiZ‡i ewÂZ Kivi

GK RNb¨ lohš¿ Pwjqv‡Q| Dnvi bRxi †Kvb m¦vaxb I mf¨ †`‡k

bvBÐ Ggb wK e„wUk Avg‡jI wQj bv| AvBqye miKvi m¦qs †h

Kwgkb wb‡qvM KwiqvwQ‡jb, †mB KwgkbI mve©Rbxb †fv‡U cÖZ¨¶

wbe©vP‡bi mycvwik KwiqvwQj| wKš‘ mKj mycvwik MY`vex D‡c¶v

Kwiqv ‰m¦ivPvix miKvi †`kevmxi cÖZ¨¶ †fvUvwaKv‡ii gva¨‡g

wbe©vPb Abyôv‡bi e¨e¯’v‡K wPiZ‡i bm¨vr Kwievi Rb¨ RvZxq

cwil‡`i eZ©gvb Awa‡ek‡b AvBb cv‡mi Pµvš— Kwi‡Z‡Qb|

†h †`kevmx ivóª cwiPvjbvi im` †hvMvB‡Z‡Q, LvRbvÐU¨v·

†hvMvB‡Z‡Q, ivóª cwiPvjbvi e¨vcv‡i Zuv‡`i †Kvb AwaKvi _vwK‡e

bv, gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki AwaKvi _vwK‡e bv, Zv‡`i †`Iqv UvKv wKfv‡e

LiP nq Zvnv‡ZI Zuvnv‡`i gZvg‡Zi †Kvb my‡hvM bvBІKvb m¦vaxb

†`‡k G e¨e¯’v Pwj‡Z cv‡i bv| A_P, eZ©gvb miKvi D³

AMYZvwš¿K e¨e¯’v †`‡k Pvjy Kwi‡Z Pvwn‡Z‡Qb Ges ¶gZvwenxb

RvZxq cwil` I cÖv‡`wkK cwil`¸wj‡K GK Zvgvmvq cwiYZ Kwiqv

AwW©b¨vÝ ÐGi Øviv †`k kvmb Kwiqv Pwjqv‡Qb|

my`xN© Qq eQ‡ii ‰m¦ivPvix kvm‡bi wbw¯úó Avgv‡`i gvb‡m

AvR GB GKwU mZ¨B my¯úó nBqv DwVqv‡Q †h, nq `vmZ¡ eiY,

66

bq my`„p MY HK¨ I MY Av‡›`vjb Øviv ‰m¦ivPv‡ii cÖwZ‡ivaÐGB

`yB e¨e¯’v Qvov Avgv‡`i Rb¨ Z„Zxq †Kvb c_ †Lvjv bvB|

Avgiv Rvwb, MYHK¨ I `ye©vi MYAv‡›`vjbB Avgv‡`i c_|

Avgv‡`i nZvk nIqvi wKQy bvB| †`kevmxi MYZvwš¿K AwaKvi

cÖwZôvq i³`v‡bi AvZ¥`v‡bi mygnvb HwZn¨ Avgv‡`i iwnqv‡Q|

ZvB Avgiv Rvwb, ‰m¦ivPvix kvmKe‡M©i cÖwZwµqvkxj lohš¿ i“wLevi

¶gZv Avgv‡`i Av‡Q| myZivs eZ©gvb ‰m¦ivPvix e¨e¯’vi ivûgy³

nB‡Z nB‡j QvÎ, gRyi, K…lK, e¨emvqx, ga¨weË , PvKwiRxex,

AvBbRxex Z_v mKj †kÖYxi, mKj †ckvi,mKj `jI g‡Zi gvby‡li

wbKU Avgiv Av‡e`b RvbvB‡ZwQ, mve©Rbxb I cÖZ¨¶ †fvUvwaKvi

Av`v‡qi `vex‡Z wbqgZvwš¿K `ye©vi MYÐAv‡›`vjb Mwoqv Zyjyb I

AvMvgx 18B gvP© eyaevi mviv cÖ‡`ke¨vcx iv¯—vi †gv‡o †gv‡o

mfv Abyôvb I LÛ wgwQj evwni Ki“b Ges 19‡k gvP© e„n¯úwZevi

cÖ‡`ke¨vcx niZvj, Rbmfv I †kvfvhvÎv Ki“b|

Avgv‡`i AvR ب_©nxb fvlvq †Nvlbv Kwi‡Z nB‡e, mve©‡fŠg

¶gZv †`‡ki RbM‡Yi Dci b¨¯—, †Kvb e¨w³ ev †Mvwô we‡k‡li

nv‡Z bq| wbfx©KwP‡Ë ewj‡Z nB‡e, RbM‡Yi cÖZ¨¶ †fv‡U

wbe©vwPZ bq Ggb †Kvb miKvi †`kevmx Mªnb Kwi‡e bv| hZw`b

Avgv‡`i GB mve©Rbxb †fvUvwaKvi I cÖZ¨¶ wbe©vP‡bi MY`vex

Av`vq bv nB‡e ZZw`b msMªvg Pwj‡Z _vwK‡e|ÕÕ

1964 m‡bi Ryb gv‡m AvIqvgx jxM 11 `dv Kg©m~Px DÌvcb K‡i| Bnvi

K‡qKwU `dv nBj eq¯‹‡`i †fvUvwaKvi, c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi m¦vqZ¡kvmb Ges

mvgwiK evwnbxmn †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii Aaxb¯n mKj gš¿Yvjq I wefvMmg~‡ni

D”Pc‡` †gav Abymv‡i evOvjx‡`i wb‡qvM|

1964 m‡bi 12B RyjvB Zvwi‡L mgMª c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b AvBDe miKv‡ii

wbh©vZ‡bi wei“‡× ÔRyjyg cÖwZ‡iva w`emÕ cvwjZ nq|

Hw`b cëb gq`v‡b †kL gywRe GKwU AmvaviY e³„Zv cÖ`vb K‡ib| Zuvnvi

e³„Zvi cÖvi‡¤¢ e‡jb t

ÔÔ†mvbvi evsjvi fvB‡qiv Avgvi! m¦vaxbZvi 17 eQi c‡i

Avevi RbM‡Yi m¦vaxbZvi Rb¨ msMªv‡g bvg‡Z n‡eÐ 17 eQi c‡i

Avevi ‡fv‡Ui AwaKv‡ii Rb¨ msMªvg Ki‡Z n‡eÐ 17 eQi c‡i

Avevi ivRe›`x‡`i gyw³i Rb¨ Av‡›`vjb Ki‡Z n‡eÐ GK_v †Kvb w`b

fvwewb| wbR †`‡k wb‡R‡`i miKv‡ii wei“‡×I weªwUk Avg‡ji gZ

67

RbM‡Yi m¦vaxbZvi Rb¨ msMªvg Ki‡Z n‡e fve‡j gb Avgvi wkD‡i

I‡V|ÕÕ

wZwb Zvunvi e³„„Zv †kl K‡ib GB fv‡e t

ÔÔfvBme, Kvj Avgvi †`k‡`ÖvwnZvi gvgjvi w`b| Avmvgxi KvV

Movq wM‡q `vuovevi c~e© gyû‡Z© cë‡bi GB Rbmgy‡`Öi gv‡S †h

AvkvÐ fimv Avi `y`©gbxq cÖvYv‡e‡Mi ewnt cÖKvk †`‡L †Mjvg, ZvB

Avgv‡`i AvMvgx w`‡bi GKgvÎ m¤¦j, GKgvÎ cv‡_q| GB cv‡_q

hv‡`i Av‡Q †Kvb kw³B Zv‡`i MwZ‡iva Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| RbM‡Yi

cÖvYewýi mg¥~‡L bgi“`Ð †divDb hLb †U‡K bvB, ZLb j¶‡KvwU

wbibœ eyfy¶yi †µvavb‡ji mg¥~‡L G‡`‡ki ¶gZvmxbivI wUK‡e bv|ÕÕ

17B †m‡Þ¤¦i wewfbœ QvÎ msMVb ÔQvÎ w`emÕ cvjb K‡i| QvÎ

msMVb¸wji Dci miKv‡ii AZ¨vPvi bvwgqv Avwm‡j mw¤§wjZ we‡ivax `j 19

†k †m‡Þ¤¦i mgMª cvwK¯—v‡b ÔRyjyg cÖwZ‡iva w`emÕ cvjb K‡i|

1965 m‡bi GwcÖj gv‡m AvIqvgx jxM c‡¶ 1940 m‡bi jv‡nvi cÖ¯—v‡ei

wfwˇZ †`‡k MYZš¿vq‡bi `vex Rvbvb nq|

5B Ryb Zvwi‡L b¨vkbvj AvIqvgx cvwU©i mfvq 14 `dv `vex DÌvcb Kiv

nq| D³ mfvq Ab¨vb¨ welqvejxi g‡a¨ wbæwjwLZ Avnevb Rvbvb nq (`wjjcÎt 2q

LÛ, c„t 256)t

ÔÔRbM‡Yi B”Qvi wei“‡× PvcvBqv †`Iqv GKwU AMYZvwš¿K I

‰m¦iZvwš¿K kvm‡bi †`k AvR wbw¯úó nB‡Z‡Q, `~bx©wZ RvwZi

Aw¯’g¾vq cÖ‡ek Kwiqv‡Q| cuywRcwZ I mgvR we‡ivaxiv Zvnv‡`i

Rxe‡bi Pig my‡hvM jvf Kwiqv‡Q, GK ivR‰bwZK kvmi“×Ki I

eyw×e„wËi ¯’weiZvi cwi‡ek gvby‡li gb AvR wØavMª¯’, †gŠwjK

m¦vaxbZvi Am¦xK…wZ †`‡ki g~‡j AvNvZ nvwb‡Z‡Q Ges m‡›`n I

nZvkvi GK cwi‡e‡k mvgªvR¨ev`x kw³mg~n Avgv‡`i Avf¨š—ixY

e¨vcv‡i n¯—‡¶‡ci my‡hvM jvf Kwi‡Z‡Q|

b¨vkbvj AvIqvgx cvwU©i †K›`ªxq Kvh©wbe©vwnK msm` RbM‡Yi

HK¨ , cÖ‡`kmg~‡ni m¦vqZ¡kvmb, cvwK¯—v‡bi msnwZ, †dWv‡ij

ai‡Yi cvj©v‡g›Uvix MYZš¿, eZ©gvb ‰m¦ivPvix GKbvqK‡Z¡i D‡”Q`

mvab I mgvRZ‡š¿i w`‡K AMªMwZi m¦v‡_© mvgªvR¨ev‡`i wei“‡×

msMªv‡gi D‡Ï‡k¨ wb‡R‡`i‡K, cvwU© I RbMY‡K msMwVZ Kivi Rb¨

cvwU©i mKj m`‡m¨i cÖwZ Avnevb RvbvB‡Z‡Q|ÕÕ

68

AZtci, 14 `dv `vex DÌvcb Kiv nq| cÖ_g `dv‡ZB cÖZ¨¶ I cÖvß

eq‡¯‹i mve©Rbxb †fvUvwaKv‡ii wfwˇZ b~Zb AvBb cwil‡`i wbe©vP‡bi `vex Rvbvb

nq|

6B †m‡Þ¤¦i fviZ I cvwK¯—v‡bi g‡a¨ me©vZ¥K hy× Avi¤¢ nq| GB

hy× 17 w`b Kvj ¯’vqx wQj| hy‡×i mgq c~e© cvwK¯—vb m¤ú~Y© Aiw¶Z wQj| GB

cÖ‡`‡ki Rb¨ miKv‡ii D`vmxbZv I ‰elg¨g~jK AvPiY RbMY AveviI eywS‡Z

cvwij Ges 11 `dv ev 14 `dv ev¯—evq‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvI Dcjwä Kwij|

†kL gywRe c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi wbivcËvi Afv‡ei Rb¨ me© cÖ_g cÖKv‡k¨ miKv‡ii

wei“‡× cÖej cÖwZev` Ávcb K‡ib Ges G e¨vcv‡i RbgZ Mwoqv Zywj‡Z m‡Pó

n‡qb| cÖK…Zc‡¶ G‡nb wei“c Rbg‡Zi Kvi‡YB hy‡×i c‡i c~e© cvwK¯—vb

nB‡Z AwaK msL¨K Awdmvi I ‰mwbK †mbvevwnbx‡Z Mªnb Avi¤¢ nq| Bnvi mydj

gyw³hy×Kvjxb mg‡q cvIqv wMqvwQj|

1966 m‡bi †d«eªyqvix gv‡m c~e© cvwK¯—vb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi c‡¶ HwZnvwmK

6 `dv Kg©m~Px †kL gywRe †Nvlbv K‡ib| D³ Kg©m~Pxi wk‡ivbvg wQj ÔÔAvgv‡`i

euvPvi `vex 6Ð`dv Kg©m~PxÕÕ|

1952 m‡bi fvlv Av‡›`jb †hgb Avgv‡`i m¦vaxbZv msMªv‡gi cÖ_g

†mvcvb †Zgwb 6Ð`dv Kg©m~Px wQj wØZxq †mvcvb| Bnvi cÖavb Ask¸wj we‡ePbv

Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| †kL gywR‡ei wb‡Ri fvlvq (`wjj cÎt 2q LÛ, c„t 259Ð269)t

ÔÔAvwg c~e© cvwKš—vbevmxi euvPvi `vexiƒ‡c 6 `dv Kg©m~Px

†`kevmx I ¶gZvkxb `‡ji we‡ePbvi Rb¨ †ck KwiqvwQ| kvš——fv‡e

Bnvi mgv‡jvPbv Kivi cwie‡Z© Kv‡qgx m¦v_©‡`i `vjvjiv Avgvi

wei“‡× K~rmv iUbv ïi“ Kwiqv‡Qb| RbM‡Yi `ykg‡bi GB †Pnviv I

MvjvMvwji mwnZ †`kevmx mycwiwPZ| AZx‡Z c~e© cvwK¯—vbevmxi

wbZvš— mnR I b¨vh¨ `vex hLbB DwVqv‡Q, ZLbB GB `vjvjiv

Ggwbfv‡e ‰nЉn Kwiqv DwVqv‡Qb| Avgv‡`i gvZ„fvlv‡K ivóªfvlv

Kivi `vex, c~e©ÐcvK RbM‡Yi gyw³Ðmb` GKyk`dv `vex, hy³

wbe©vPbÐcÖ_vi `vex, QvÎÐZi“Y‡`i mnR I m¦íÐe¨q wk¶vÐjv‡fi

`vex, evsjv‡K wk¶vi gva¨g Kivi `vex BZ¨vw` mKj cÖKvi `vexi

g‡a¨B GB †kvl‡Ki `j I Zvnv‡`i `vjvjiv Bmjvg I cvwK¯—vb

aŸs‡mi lohš¿ Avwe¯‹vi Kwiqv‡Qb|

69

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

1 bs `dv

GB `dvq ejv nBqv‡Q †h, HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cÖ¯—v‡ei

wfwˇZ kvmbZš¿ iPbv KiZt cvwK¯—vb‡K GKwU mwZ¨Kvi

†dWv‡ikbiƒ‡c Mwo‡Z nB‡e| Zv‡Z cvj©v‡g›Uvix c×wZi miKvi

_vwK‡e| mKj wbe©vPb mve©Rbxb cÖvßÐeq¯K‡`i mivmwi †fv‡U

AbywôZ nB‡e| AvBb mfv mg~‡ni mve©‡fŠgZ¡ _vwK‡e|

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

2 bs `dv

GB `dvq Avwg cÖ¯—ve KwiqvwQ †h, †dWv‡ikb miKv‡ii

GLwZqv‡i †KejgvÎ †`k i¶v I ciivóªxq e¨vcvi GB `yBwU welq

_vwK‡e| Aewkó mg¯— welq †÷U mg~‡ni (eZ©gvb e¨e¯’vq hv‡K

cÖ‡`k ejv nq) nv‡Z _vwK‡e|

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

3 bs `dv

GB `dvq Avwg gy`Öv m¤ú‡K© `yBwU weKí ev Aëvi‡bwUf

cÖ¯—ve w`qvwQ| GB `yBwU cÖ¯—v‡ei †h †KvbI GKwU MªnY Kwi‡jB

Pwj‡e t

(K) c~e© I cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi Rb¨ `yBwU m¤ú~Y© c„_K

A_P mn‡R wewbgq‡hvM¨ gy`Övi cÖPjb Kwi‡Z nB‡e| GB

e¨e¯’v Abymv‡i Kv‡iÝx †K‡›`ªi nv‡Z _vwK‡e bv, AvÂwjK

miKv‡ii nv‡Z _vwK‡e| `yB A‡ji Rb¨ `yBwU m¦Zš¿

Ô‡óUÕ e¨v¼ _vwK‡e|

(L) `yB A‡ji Rb¨ GKB Kv‡iÝx _vwK‡e| G

e¨e¯’vi gy`Öv †K‡›`ªi nv‡Z _vwK‡e| wKš‘ G Ae¯’vq

kvmbZ‡š¿ Ggb mywbw`©ó weavb _vwK‡Z nB‡e hv‡Z c~e© cvwK¯—

v‡bi gy`Öv cwðg cvwK¯—v‡b cvPvi nB‡Z bv cv‡i|

GB weav‡b cvwK¯—v‡bi GKwU †dWv‡ij wiRvf© e¨v¼ _vwK‡e;

`yB A‡j `yBwU c„_K wiRvf© e¨v¼ _vwK‡e|

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

4 bs `dv

GB `dvq Avwg cÖ¯—ve KwiqvwQ †h, mKj cÖKvi

U¨v·ÐLvRbvÐKi avh©¨ I Av`v‡qi ¶gZv _vwK‡e AvÂwjK

miKv‡ii nv‡Z | †dWv‡ij miKv‡ii †m ¶gZv _vwK‡e bv|

AvÂwjK miKv‡ii Av`vqx †iwfwbDÐGi wba©vwiZ Ask Av`v‡qi

70

m‡½ m‡½ †dWv‡ij Znwe‡j A‡Uv‡gwUK¨vwj Rgv nBqv hvB‡e|

GB g‡g© wiRvf© e¨v¼ mg~‡ni Dci eva¨Zvg~jK weavb

kvmbZ‡š¿B _vwK‡e| GBfv‡e RgvK…Z UvKvB †dWv‡ij

miKv‡ii Znwej nB‡e|

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

5 bs `dv

GB `dvq Avwg ‰e‡`wkK evwbR¨ e¨vcv‡i wbæi“c

kvmbZvwš¿K weav‡bi mycvwik KwiqvwQ t

(1) `yB A‡ji ‰e‡`wkK gy`Öv Av‡qi c„_K c„_K

wnmve ivwL‡Z nB‡e|

(2) c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi AwR©Z ‰e‡`wkK gy`Öv c~e© cvwK¯—

v‡bi GLwZqvi Ges cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi

AwR©Z ‰e‡`wkK gy`Öv cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi

GLwZqv‡i _vwK‡e|

(3) ‡dWv‡ik‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq we‡`kx gy`Öv `yB

AÂj nB‡Z mgvb fv‡e A_ev kvmbZ‡š¿

wba©vwiZ nvivnvwi g‡Z Av`vq nB‡e|

(4) ‡`kRvZ `Öe¨vw` webv ï‡é Dfq A‡ji g‡a¨

Avg`vbxÐidZvbx Pwj‡e|

(5) e¨emvÐevwbR¨ m¤¦&‡Ü we‡`‡ki m‡½ Pyw³

m¤úv`‡bi, we‡`‡k †UªW wgkb ¯’vc‡bi Ges

Avg`vbxÐidZvbx Kwievi AwaKvi AvÂwjK

miKv‡ii nv‡Z b¨v¯— Kwiqv kvmbZvwš¿K weavb

Kwi‡Z nB‡e|

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

6 bs `dv

GB `dvq Avwg c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b wgwjwkqv ev

c¨vivwgwjUvix i¶xevwnbx MV‡bi mycvwik KwiqvwQ|

GB `vex Ab¨vqI bq, bZybI bq| GKzkÐ`dvi

`vwe‡Z Avgiv Avbmvi evwnbx‡K BDwbdg©avix mk¯¿

evwnbx‡Z iƒcvš—wiZ Kivi `vex KwiqvwQjvg| Zv‡Zv Kiv

nq bvB, ei c~e© cvwK¯—vb miKv‡ii Awab¯’ B,wc,Avi

evwnbx‡K GLb †K‡›`ªi Aax‡b †bIqv nBqv‡Q| c~e©

cvwK¯—v‡b A¯¿ KviLvbv I †bŠevwnbxi †nW‡KvqvU©vi

¯’vcb KiZt G AÂj‡K AvZ¥i¶vq AvZ¥wbf©i Kiv `vwe

GKzk `dvi `vwe| wKš‘ †K›`ªxq miKvi evi eQ‡iI

71

Avgv‡`i GKwU `vweI c~iY K‡ib bvB| c~e© cvwK¯—vb

AwaKvsk cvwK¯—vbxi evm¯’vb| GUv‡K i¶v Kiv

†K›`ªxq miKv‡iiB ‰bwZK I ivóªxq `vwqZ¡| †m

`vwqZ¡ cvj‡b Avgv‡`i `vex Kwi‡Z nB‡e †Kb? miKvi

wb‡R nB‡Z †mB `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib bv †Kb ? cwðg

cvwK¯—vb Av‡M euvPvBqv mgq I my‡hvM _vwK‡j c‡i

c~e© cvwK¯—vb evuPvb nB‡e BnvB wK †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii

AwfgZ? c~e© cvwK¯—†bi i¶v e¨e¯nv cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bB

iwnqv‡Q Ggb mvsNvwZK K_v kvmKbZ©viv e‡jb †Kvb

gy‡L ? gvÎ m‡Zi w`‡bi cvKÐfviZ hy×B wK cÖgvY

K‡i bvB Avgiv KZ wbi“cvq ? kΓi `qv I gwR©i

Dci Z Avgiv evuwPqv _vwK‡Z cvwi bv |†K›`ªxq

miKv‡ii †`k i¶v bxwZ Kvh©Zt Avgv‡`i‡K ZvB Kwiqv

ivwLqv‡Q|

Zey Avgiv cvwK¯—v‡bi HK¨ I mswnwZi LvwZi

†`ki¶v e¨e¯nv †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii nv‡Z ivwL‡Z PvB|

m‡½ m‡½ GI PvB†h,†K›`ªxq miKvi c~e© cvwK¯—vb‡K G

e¨vcv‡i AvZ¥wbf©i Kwievi Rb¨ GLv‡b Dchy³ cwigvY

†`ki¶v evwnbx MVb Ki“b| A¯¿ KviLvbv ¯’vcb Ki“b

| †bŠÐevwnbxi `dZi GLv‡b wbqv Avmyb| Gme KvR

miKvi K‡e Kwi‡eb Rvwbbv| wKš‘ BwZg‡a¨ Aí Li‡P

†QvULvU A¯¿Ðk¯¿ w`qv AvavÐmvgwiK evwnbx MVb

Kwi‡ZI cwðgv fvB‡`i GZ AvcwË †Kb ? c~e© i¶vi

D‡Ï‡k¨ m¦Zš¿ hy×ÐZnwe‡j Puv`v DwV‡j ZvI †K›`ªxq

i¶v Znwe‡j wbqv hvIqv nq †Kb ? H me cÖ‡kœi DËi

bvB| Zey †K›`ªxq e¨vcv‡i A‡ji n¯—‡¶c Kwievi

AwaKvi AvgivI PvBbv | G Ae¯’vq c~e© cvwK¯—vb

†hgb Kwiqv cv‡i Mwiex nv‡jB AvZ¥i¶vi e¨e¯’v

Kwi‡e, Ggb `vwe wK Ab¨vq ? GB `vwe Kwi‡jB †mUv

nB‡e †`k‡`ÖvwnZv ?

G cÖm‡½ cwðg cvwK¯—vbx fvBЇevb‡`i †L`g‡Z

Avgvi K‡qKwU AviR Av‡Q t

GK, Zuviv g‡b Kwi‡eb bv Avwg ïay c~e©

cvwK¯—vbx‡`i AwaKvi `vwe Kwi‡ZwQ| Avgvi 6

`dv Kg©m~Px‡Z cwðg cvwK¯—vbx‡`i `vweI

mgfv‡eB iwnqv‡Q| G `vex m¦xK…Z nB‡j cwðg

cvwK¯—vbxivI mgfv‡e DcK…Z nB‡eb|

72

`yB, Avwg hLb ewj, c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi m¤ú`

cwðg cvwK¯—v†b cvPvi I ¯—~cxK…Z nB‡Z‡Q ZLb

Avwg AvÂwjK ‰el‡g¨i K_vB ewj, e¨w³MZ

‰el‡g¨i K_v ewj bv| Avwg Rvwb, G ‰elg¨ m„wói

Rb¨ cwðg cvwK¯—vbxiv `vqx bq| Avwg GI

Rvwb †h, Avgv‡`i gZ `wi`Ö cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bI

A‡bK Av‡Qb| hZw`b abZvwš¿K mgvR e¨e¯’vi

Aemvb bv nB‡e, ZZw`b e¨w³‡Z e¨w³‡Z GB

Amvg¨ `~i nB‡e bv ? wKš‘ Zvi Av‡M AvÂwjK

†kvlbI eÜ Kwi‡Z nB‡e| GB AvÂwjK †kvl‡bi

Rb¨ `vqx Avgv‡`i †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb Ges †mB

Ae¯’vb‡K AMªvn¨ Kwiqv †h Am¦vfvweK e¨e¯’v

PvjvBevi †Póv Pwj‡Z‡Q †mB e¨e¯’v| ai“b, hw`

cvwK¯—v‡bi ivRavbx cwðg cvwK¯—v‡b bv nBqv

c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b nBZ, cvwK¯—v‡bi ‡`ki¶v

evwnbxi wZbwU `dZiB hw` c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b nBZ,

Z‡e Kvi wK AmyweavÐmyweav nBZ GKUy wePvi

Ki“b | cvwK¯—v‡bi †gvU ivR‡m¦i kZKiv 62

UvKv LiP nq †`ki¶v evwnbx‡Z Ges kZKiv

ewÎk UvKv LiP nq †K›`ªxq miKvi cwiPvjbvq|

GB GKzb kZKiv PyivbeŸB UvKv cwðg cvwK¯—

v‡b bv nBqv ZLb LiP nBZ c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b|

Avcbviv Rv‡bb A_©weÁv‡bi K_vt miKvix Avq

RbM‡Yi e¨q Ges miKvix e¨q RbM‡Yi Avq|

GB wbq‡g eZ©gvb e¨e¯’vq miKv‡ii †MvUv Av‡qi

A‡a©K c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi e¨q wVKB, wKš‘ miKvix

e¨‡qi meUyKzB cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi Avq|

ivRavbx cwðg cvwK¯—v‡b Aew¯’Z _vKvq

miKvix, AvavÐmiKvix cÖwZôvb mg~n Ges we‡`kx

wgkb mg~n Zv‡`i mg¯— e¨q cwðg cvwK¯—

v‡bB Kwi‡Z eva¨ nB‡Z‡Qb| GB e¨v‡qi mvKzj¨B

cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi Avq| d‡j, cÖwZ eQi cwðg

cvwK¯—v‡bi Avq H Abycv‡Z evwo‡Z‡Q Ges c~e©

cvwK¯—vb Zvi †gvKv‡ejvq H cwigvb Mixe

nB‡Z‡Q| hw` cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi e`‡j c~e© cvwK¯—

v‡b Avgv‡`i ivRavbx nBZ Z‡e GB me LiP

c~e© cvwK¯—vb nBZ| Avgiv c~e© cvwK¯—

73

vbxiv GB cwigvb abx nBZvg| Avcbviv cwðg

cvwK¯—vbxiv H cwigv‡b Mixe nB‡Zb| ZLb

Avcbviv wK Kwi‡Zb ? †h me `vwe Kivi Rb¨

Avgv‡K cÖv‡`wkK m¼xY©Zvi ZngZ w`‡Z‡Qb

†mB me `vex Avcbviv wb‡RivB Kwi‡Zb|

Avgv‡`i †P‡q †Rv‡iB Kwi‡Zb| A‡bK Av‡MB

Kwi‡Zb| Avgv‡`i gZ AvVvi eQi ewmqv

_vwK‡Zb bv| †mUv Kiv Avcbv‡`i Ab¨vqI nBZ

bv|

wZb, Avcbviv H me `vwe Kwi‡j Avgiv

c~e© cvwK¯—vbxiv wK KwiZvg, Rv‡bb ? Avcbv†`i

me `vwe gvwbqv jBZvg| Avcbvw`M‡K

cÖv‡`kKZvev`x ewjqv Mvj w`Zvg bv| KviY,

Avgiv Rvwb Ges wek¦vm Kwi, Ime Avcbv‡`i nK&

cvIbv| wb‡Ri nK& cvIbv `vwe Kiv Ab¨vq bq

KZ©e¨| G wek¦vm Avgv‡`i GZB Avš—wiK †h, †m

Ae¯’v nB‡j Avcbv‡`i `vwe Kwi‡Z nBZ bv|

Avcbv‡`i `vwe Kivi Av‡MB Avcbv‡`i nK&

Avcbvw`M‡K eySvBqv w`Zvg| Avgiv wb‡R‡`i nK

`vwe Kwi‡ZwQ ewjqv Avgv‡`i m¦v_©ci ewj‡Z‡Qb|

wKš‘ Avcbviv †h wb‡R‡`i n‡Ki mv‡_ mv‡_

Avgv‡`i nK&UvI LvBqv †dwj‡Z‡Qb, Avcbv‡`i

†jv‡K wK ewj‡e ? Avgiv ïay wb‡R‡`i nK&UvB

PvB| Avcbv‡`i nKUv AvZ¥mvr Kwi‡Z PvB bv|

Avgv‡`i w`evi AvIKvr _vwK‡j ei ci‡K wKQy

w`qvI †`B| `„óvš— Pvb ? ïbyb Z‡e t

(1) cÖ_g MYÐcwil‡` Avgv‡`i †g¤¦i msL¨v wQj

44; Avi Avcbv‡`i wQj 28| Avgiv B”Qv

Kwi‡j MYZvwš¿K kw³‡Z †fv‡Ui ‡Rv‡i

ivRavbx I †`ki¶vi m`i `d&Zi c~e©

cvwK¯—v‡b Avwb‡Z cvwiZvg| Zvnv Kwi

bvB|

(2) cwðg cvwK¯—vbx‡`i msL¨víZv †`wLqv

fvBÐGi `i` jBqv Avgv‡`i 44Uv

Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 6Uv‡Z c~e© cvwK¯—vbxi †fv‡U

cwðg cvwK¯—vbx †g¤¦i wbe©vPb KwiqvwQjvg|

74

(3) B”Qv Kwi‡jB †fv‡Ui †Rv‡i ïay evsjv‡K

cvwK¯—v‡bi ivóªfvlv Kwi‡Z cwiZvg| Zv

bv Kwiqv evsjvi mv‡_ D`©y‡KI ivóªfvlvi

`vwe KwiqvwQjvg|

(4) B”Qv Kwi‡j †fv‡Ui †Rv‡i c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi

myweavRbK kvmbZš¿ iPbv Kwi‡Z

cvwiZvg|

(5) Avcbv‡`i gb nB‡Z †gRwiwU fq `~i

Kwiqv †m ¯’‡j åvZ„Z¡ I mgZv‡eva m„wói

Rb¨ Dfq A‡j mKj wel‡q mgZv

weav‡bi Avk¦v‡m Avgiv msL¨v¸i“Z¡ Z¨vM

Kwiqv msL¨vmvg¨ Mªnb KwiqvwQjvg|

Pvi, myZivs cwðg cvwK¯—vbx fvB mv‡nevb,

Avcbviv †`wL‡Z‡Qb †hLv‡bЇhLv‡b Avcbv‡`i

`vb Kwievi AvIKvr wQj, Avgiv `vb KwiqvwQ|

Avi wKQyB bvB `vb Kwievi| _vwK‡j wbðq w`Zvg|

hw` c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b ivRavbx nBZ Z‡e Avcbv‡`i

`vex Kwievi Av‡MB Avgiv cwðg cvwK¯—v‡b

mZ¨mZ¨B wØZxq ivRavbx ¯’vcb KwiZvg| wØZxq

ivRavbxi bv‡g †auvKv w`Zvg bv| †m Ae¯’vq

†K›`ªxq miKv‡ii mKj cÖKvi e¨q hv‡Z Dfq

A‡ji mgvb nq, Zvi wbLuyZ e¨e¯’v KwiZvg|

mKj e¨vcv‡i cwðg cvwK¯—vb‡K mvgwMªKfv‡e

Ges cÖ‡`kmg~n‡K c„_K c„_Kfv‡e c~Y© m¦vqZ¡

kvmb w`Zvg| Avgiv †`LvBZvg, c~e© cvwK¯—vbxiv

†gRwiwU ewjqvB cvwK¯—vb ïay c~e© cvwK¯—vbx‡`i

bq, †QvUÐeo wbwe©‡k‡l Zv mKj cvwK¯—vbxi| c~e©

cvwK¯—v‡b ivRavbx nB‡j Zvi my‡hvM jBqv

Avgiv c~e© cvwK¯—vbxiv me AwaKvi I PvKzix Mªvm

KwiZvg bv| cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi kvmbfvi cwðg

cvwK¯—vbx‡`i nv‡ZB w`Zvg| Avcbv‡`i KUb

†ev†W© Avgiv †Pqvig¨vb nB‡Z hvBZvg bv|

Avcbv‡`i cÖ‡`‡ki Avgiv MfY©i nB‡Z PvwnZvg

bv| Avcbv‡`i wcÐAvBÐwWÐwm, Avcbv‡`i Iqvc`v,

Avcbv‡`i wW,AvB,wU, Avcbv‡`i †cvU© Uªv÷,

Avcbv‡`i ‡ijI‡q BZ¨vw`i †Pqvig¨vwb Avgiv

`Lj KwiZvg bv| Avcbv‡`iB Kwi‡Z w`Zvg|

75

mg¯— Aj& cvwK¯—vbx cÖwZôvb‡K c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b

†K›`ªxf~Z KwiZvg bv| djZt c~e© cvwK¯—vb‡K

A_©bxwZ‡Z †gvUv I cwðg cvwK¯—vb‡K mi“

KwiZvg bv| `yB A‡ji g‡a¨ GB gvivZ¥K

wWmc¨vwiwU m„wó nB‡Z w`Zvg bv|

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

Dcmsnv‡i wZwb e‡jb t

c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi gRjyg RbM‡Yi c‡¶ K_v ewj‡Z wMqv Avgvi

evcÐ`v`vi gZ gyi“weŸivB G‡`i Kv‡Q Mvj LvBqv‡Qb, G‡`i nv‡Z

jvÃbv †fvM Kwiqv‡Qb, Avi Avwg †Kvb Qvi ? †`kevmxi g‡b Av‡Q,

Avgv‡`i bqbgwY †k‡ievsjv dRjyj nK&‡K Giv †`k‡`Övnx

ewjqvwQ‡jb| †`kevmx GI †`wLqv‡Qb †h cvwK¯—v‡bi Ab¨Zg mªóv,

cvwK¯—v‡bi me©Rbgvb¨ RvZxq †bZv knx` mynivIqv`x©‡KI

†`k‡`ÖvnxZvi Awf‡hv‡M KviveiY Kwi‡Z nBqvwQj G‡`iB nv‡Z|

AZGe †`Lv †Mj c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi b¨vh¨ `vwei K_v ewj‡Z †M‡j

†`k‡`ÖvwnZvi e`bvg I †Rj Ryjy‡gi SuywK jBqvB †m KvR Kwi‡Z

nB‡e| AZx‡Z A‡bK †RjÐRyjyg fywMevi ZK&w`i Avgvi nBqv‡Q|

gyieŸx‡`i †`vIqvq, mnKgx©‡`i mü`qZvq Ges †`kevmxi mg_©‡b

†mme mn¨ Kwievi gZ g‡bi ej Avj−vn & Avgv‡K `vb Kwiqv‡Qb|

mv‡o cuvP †KvwU c~e© cvwK¯—vbxi fvjevmv‡K m¤¦j Kwiqv Avwg G

Kv‡R †h †KvbI Z¨v‡Mi Rb¨ cÖ¯—yZ AvwQ| Avgvi †`kevmxi

Kj¨v‡bi Kv‡Q Avgvi gZ bMb¨ e¨w³i Rxe‡bi g~j¨B ev KZUyKz ?

gRjyg †`kevmxi evuPvi `vwei Rb¨ msMªvg Kivi †P‡q gnr KvR Avi

wKQyB Av‡Q ewjqv Avwg g‡b Kwi bv| giûg Rbve knx`

‡mvnivIqv`x©i b¨vq †hvM¨ †bZvi Kv‡QB Avwg GÁvb jvf KwiqvwQ|

Zuvi cv‡qi Z‡j ewmqvB GZKvj †`kevmxi †L`gZ Kwievi †Póv

KwiqvwQ| wZwbI AvR euvwPqv bvB, AvwgI AvR †hŠe‡bi †KvVv eû

wcQ‡b †dwjqv †cÖŠp‡Z¡ †cuŠwQqvwQ| Avgvi †`‡ki wcÖq

fvBЇev‡biv Avj−vni `iMvq ïay GB †`vIqv Kwi‡eb, evKx

RxebUyKz Avwg †hb Zv‡`i ivR‰bwZK I A_©‰bwZK gyw³ mvabvi

wb‡qvwRZ Kwi‡Z cvwi|ÕÕ

76

GB Kg©m~PxB evOvjx RvwZi RvwZmË¡v cybRx©weZ K‡i| cvwK¯—vb iv‡óªi

Af¨š—‡i _vwKqvI evOvjx RvwZi GKwU c„_K Aw¯—Z¡ iwnqv‡Q Ges m¦Zš¿ mËv

iwnqv‡Q Zvnv cÖ_g ev‡ii gZ evOvjx RvwZ Dcjwä Kwi‡Z cv‡i|

1966 m‡bi gvP© gv‡m AbywôZ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi KvDwÝj Awa‡ek‡b †kL

gywReyi ingvb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mfvcwZ Ges ZvRDwÏb Avn‡g` mvaviY m¤úv`K

wbe©vwPZ nb|

wKš‘ Bnvi c‡iB 7B Ryb 6 `dv w`em nB‡Z Avi¤¢ nq cvwK¯—vb

miKv‡ii cÖPÛ `gb I wbcxob| 6 `dvi cÖavb mg_©K ‰`wbK B‡ËdvK cwÎKvi

cÖKvkbv 18B Ryb 1966 Zvwi‡L evwZj Kiv nq|

AvBqye Lvb †Nvlbv K‡ib †h A‡¯¿i fvlvq 6Ð`dv Kg©m~wPi Reve †`Iqv

nB‡e| 23‡k Ryb iex›`ª m½x‡Zi cÖPvi eR©‡bi miKvix wm×vš— cÖPvwiZ nB‡j

mgMª c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b Bnvi wei“‡× Zxeª cÖwZev` I‡V| 1967 m‡b †kL gywR‡ei

wei“‡× G‡Ki ci GK cÖvq †`o WRb †dŠR`vix gvgjv c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi wewfbœ

†Rjvq `v‡qi Kiv nq Ges wZwb µgvMZ †MªdZvi nB‡Z _v‡Kb|

18B Rvbyqvix, 1968 Zvwi‡L AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi cÖavb Avmvgx

wnmv‡e †kL gywRe‡K †MªdZvi †`Lvb nq| cvwK¯—vb cÖwZi¶v AvB‡b wZwb c~e©

nB‡ZB †R‡j wQ‡jb| cieZx©‡Z H gvgjvq Zuvnv‡K 1 bs Avmvgx wnmv‡e

Awfhy³ Kiv nq Ges 1968 m‡bi Ryb gv‡m gvgjvi ïbvbx Avi¤¢ nq| 27‡k

Rvbyqvix 1969 Zvwi‡L ïbvbx †kl nq| wKš‘ 1969 m‡bi cÖvi¤¢ nB‡ZB QvÎ

mgvR Zvnv‡`i 11 `dvi wfwˇZ Av‡›`vjb Mwoqv †Zv‡j Ges †deªyqvix gv‡mi

g‡a¨ Zvnv mviv cª‡`‡k `~e©vi MwZ mÂvi jvf K‡i| mgMª cÖ‡`‡k mKj Kvh©µg

niZvj cÖwZev‡` eÜ nBqv hvq| 15B †deªyqvix mv‡R©›U Rûi“j nK‡K nZ¨v

Kiv nq| 18 B †deªyqvix cÖ‡`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b †mbvevwnbx †gvZv‡qb Kiv nq|

ivRkvnx‡Z †mbvevwnbxi ¸wj‡Z Wt mvgmy‡¾vnv wbnZ n‡qb| H iv‡ÎB XvKvq

QvÎÐRbZv mvܨ AvBb f½ K‡i| ciw`b AvMiZjv gvgjvi UªvBeybv‡ji cÖavb

wePvicwZi evm¯’v‡b AwMœ ms‡hvM Kiv nq Ges wZwb weeªZKi Ae¯’vq cwðg

cvwK¯—v‡b cjvqb K‡ib| 21‡k †deªyqvix miKvi AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvg&jv cÖZ¨vnvi

Kwi‡j †kL gywRemn mKj Avmvgx gyw³jvf K‡ib|

77

AvMiZjv gvgjv cÖZ¨vnv‡ii ci 23†k †deªyqvix igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b

GK Rbmfvq †kL gywRe msL¨vmvg¨ bqÐ Rb msL¨vi wfwˇZ cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡i `vex

K‡ib| Hw`b QvÎÐRbZvi c¶ nB‡Z Zvunv‡K Ôe½eÜyÕ Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ Kiv nq|

AZtci, †Mvj†Uwej ‰eV‡Ki ci eq¯‹ †fvUvwaKvi I cvj©v‡g›Uvix miKvi

cÖwZôvi `vex AvBDe Lvb gvwbqv j‡qb wKš‘ cÖv‡`wkK m¦vqZ¡&kvmb I GK

BDwbU we‡jv‡ci cÖ‡kœ cÖZ¨¶ †fv‡U wbe©vwPZ RbcÖwZwbwaMY mgvavb Kwi‡jB me

PvB‡ZB fvj nB‡e ewjqv wZwb e‡jb|

24‡k gvP© 1969 Zvwi‡L mviv †`ke¨wc `~e©vi Av‡›`vj‡bi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z

AvBDe Lvb Zvnvi wb‡Ri cÖYxZ 1962 m‡bi msweavb f½ Kwiqv RvZxq

cwil‡`i w¯úKv‡ii cwie‡Z© †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb Z_v mvgwiK evwnbxi wbKU

cvwK¯—v‡bi kvmbfvi n¯—vš—i K‡ib|

GB cÖm‡½ Yaqub Ali, J. e‡jb (Asma Jilani)

“Towards the end of 1968, an agitation started against his despotic

rule and the undemocratic Constitution which he had imposed on the

country. The agitation gathered momentum every day and was accompanied

by wide spread disturbances throughout the country. In February 1969,

Muhammad Ayub Khan called a round table conference of political leaders

for resolving the political issues which had led to the disturbance. A

solution was near insight, when all of a sudden Muhammad Ayub Khan

decided to relinquish the office of the President and asked the Defence

Forces to ........

The Mandate given by the outgoing President to the Commander-in-

Chief was thus to fulfill his constitutional responsibilities; to restore law and

order; and to carry out his legal duty in this behalf.

Muhammad Yahya Khan, Commander-in-Chief, who had taken an

oath, that he will be faithful to the Constitution of 1962 and to Pakistan,

however, in disregard of his constitutional and legal duty by a Proclamation

issued on the 26th March 1969, abrogated the Constitution; dissolved the

National and Provincial assemblies and imposed Martial Law throughout

the country. This was the fourth great constitutional mishap which befell

Pakistan in less than 16 years.” ( The underlinings are mine).

78

5B wW‡m¤¦i, 1969 Zvwi‡L †mvnivIqv`x©i g„Zy¨ w`em Dcj‡¶ GK

Av‡jvPbv mfvq †kL gywRe c~e© cvwK¯—vb cÖ‡`‡ki bvg Ôevsjv‡`kÕ bvgKiY

K‡ib|

6B wW‡m¤¦‡ii ‰`wbK B‡ËdvK cwÎKvi 1g c„ôvq wbæwjwLZ msev` cÖKvwkZ

nq ( 4 bs cÖwZev`x KZ„©K 21Ð6Ð2009 Zvwi‡L njdK…Z Gwd‡Wwf‡Ui 11 c„ôv)t

AZtci, G cÖ‡`‡ki bvg nB‡e

Ôevsjv ‡`kÕ

ÔÔ AvIqvgx jxM cÖavb †kL gywReyi ingvb MZKvj (ïµevi) XvKvq

†Nvlbv K‡ib †h, GLb nB‡Z cvwK¯—v‡bi c~e©vÂjxq cÖ‡`kwUi bvg

nB‡e c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi cwie‡Z© ïay gvÎ Ôevsjv ‡`kÕ|

XvKv nvB‡KvU© cÖv½‡Y ‡mvnivIqv`x© I †k‡i evsjvi gvRvi

cÖv½‡Y †mvnivIqv`x© m¥i‡Y Av‡qvwRZ GK Av‡jvPbv mfvq

e³„ZvKv‡j †kL mv‡ne e‡jb, GK mgq G †`‡ki eyK nB‡Z

gvbwP‡Îi c„ôv nB‡Z ÔevsjvÕ K_vwUi me©‡kl wPýUyKzI wPiZ‡i

gywQqv †djvi †Póv Kiv nBqv‡Q| wZwb e‡jb,

GKgvÎ ÔÔe‡½vcmvMiÕÕ , Qvov Avi †Kvb wKQyi bv‡gi m‡½ ÔevsjvÕ

K_vwUi Aw¯—Z¡ LyuwRqv cvIqv hvq bvB| AvIqvgx jxM cÖavb e‡jb,

evsjv I ev½vjxi Awemsevw`Z MYbvqK knx` †mvnivI`x© I

†k‡i evsjvi cÖwZ I AgvR©bxq AeÁv cÖ`wk©Z nBqv‡Q| e³„Zv g‡Âi

AbwZ`~‡i wPiwb`Övq kvwqZ †bZ„؇qi gvRv‡ii cÖwZ Bw½Z Kwiqv

†kL gywRe e‡jb, evsjvi GB `yB K…Zx mš—vb AvR Amnv‡qi gZ

Avgv‡`i gy‡Li w`‡K ZvKvBqv Av‡Qb| GB `yB †bZvi gvRv‡ii

cv‡k©¦ `uvovBqv RbM‡Yi c¶ nB‡Z Avwg †Nvlbv Kwi‡ZwQÐAvR

nB‡Z cvwK¯—v‡bi c~e©vÂjxq cÖ‡`kwUi bvg nB‡e c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi

cwie‡Z© ïaygvÎ Ôevsjv †`kÕ|

mg‡eZ †kÖvZ„gÛjx wecyj KiZvwj I nl©aŸwb mnKv‡i †bZvi

GB †NvlYvi cÖwZ Awf›`b Ávcb K‡ib|ÕÕ

Z‡e GB †Nvlbvi 14 ermi c~‡e© 25‡k AMv÷, 1955, Zvwi‡L gymwjg

jxM I Bmjvgcš’x `j¸wji cÖPÛ we‡ivwaZvi gy‡LI †kL gywRe cvwK¯—vb

MYcwil‡` Ôc~e© evsjvÕ bvg wejywßi we‡ivwaZv Kwiqv ewjqvwQ‡jb (`wjjcÎt cÖ_g

LÛ, c„t 431)t

79

“ Sir, your will see that they want to place the words “East Pakistan”

instead of “East Bengal”. We have demanded so many times that

you should make it Bengal (Pakistan). The word “Bengal” has a

history, has a tradition of its own. (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

ALÛ cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖ_g I †kl mvaviY wbe©vPb t

‡Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb cÖ`Ë 1970 m‡bi 30‡k gvP© Zvwi‡Li GK Av‡`k

e‡j cwðg cwK¯—v‡bi GK BDwbU wejyß Kwiqv PviwU cÖ‡`k MVb Kiv nq Ges

Bmjvgvev` I †K›`ªxq kvwmZ GjvKv †dWv‡ij GjvKv †NvwlZ nq| GKB Zvwi‡Li

Legal Framework Order (LFO) e‡j cÖvß eq¯‹‡`i mivmwi †fv‡U wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g

13 Rb gwnjv cÖwZwbwamn 313 Avm‡bi RvZxq cwil` MV‡bi †Nvlbv †`Iqv nq|

BwZg‡a¨ 1970 m‡bi wW‡m¤¦i gv‡m LFO Gi AvIZvq ALÛ cvwK¯—v‡b

cÖ_g I †kl mvaviY wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| AvIqvgxjxM 6 `dv Kg©m~Pxi wfwˇZ

wbe©vPb K‡ib Ges c~e© cvwK¯—vb nB‡Z 169wUi g‡a¨ 167wU Avmb jvf K‡i|

30‡k wW‡m¤¦i miKvi c¶ nB‡Z †NvlYv Kiv nq †h RvZxq cwil‡`i cÖ_g

Awa‡ekb XvKvq AbywôZ nB‡e| wbe©vP‡b GBiƒc wecyj Rqjv‡fi ci †kL gywRe

Zuvnvi mKj msm` m`m¨‡`i jBqv 1971 m‡bi 3iv Rvbyqvix igbv †im‡Kvm©

gq`v‡b AbywôZ GK Rbmfvq ewmqv 6 `dv Kg©m~Px ev¯—evq‡bi Rb¨ kc_ evK¨

cvV Kivb| 1971 m‡bi 4Vv Rvbyqvix Zvwi‡L cÖKvwkZ ‰`wbK B‡ËdvK cwÎKvq

GB m¤ú‡K© wb‡æv³ msev` cwi‡ekb Kiv nq (`wjjcÎt 2q LÛ, c„t 608Ð609) t

ÔÔ MYcÖwZwbwa‡`i kc_

‡kvlYgy³ myLx mgv‡Ri eywbqv` Movi msKí

(óvd wi‡cvU©vi )

gy³ kc‡_ `xß exi ev½vjx‡`i wbe©vP‡bvËi mvMªn cÖZx¶vi

Aemvb NUvBqv evOvjx Z_v cvwK¯—v‡bi †KvwU †KvwU ewÂZ gvby‡li

KvgbvÐevmbvi wcjmy‡R m¤¢vebvi Awbe©vb wkLv cÖR¡wjZ Kwiqv

cÖvYÐwcÖq ‡bZv †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi †bZ„‡Z¡ AvIqvgxjxM `jxq be

wbe©vwPZ RvZxq I cÖv‡`wkK cwil` m`m¨iv cÖZ¨q`„pK‡Ú MZKvj

(iweevi)igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡bi Awem¥iYxq I Af~Zc~e©

MYÐgnvmvM‡ii †ejvf~wg‡Z `uvovBqv A‡j A‡j gvby‡l gvby‡l

weivRgvb Pig ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK ‰el‡g¨i wPi Aemvb

80

NUvBqv †kvlbÐgy³ myLx mgv‡Ri eywbqv` Mwoevi Cw¯úZ KwVb kc_

Mªnb K‡ib|

ÔÔ Avgiv kc_ Kwi‡ZwQ Ð

ÔÔ Avgiv RvZxq I cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡` AvIqvgx jxM `jxq be

wbe©vwPZ m`m¨e„›` kc_ Mªnb Kwi‡ZwQ cig Ki“Yvgq I me©kw³gvb

Avj−vnZvqvjvi bv‡g ; Avgiv kc_ Mªnb Kwi‡ZwQ †mBme exi

knx‡`i I msMªvgx gvby‡li bv‡g, hvnviv AvZ¥vûwZ w`qv I Pig

wbh©vZbÐwbcxob †fvM Kwiqv AvR Avgv‡`i cÖv_wgK weR‡qi m~Pbv

Kwiqv‡Qb|

ÔÔ Avgiv kc_ Mªnb Kwi‡ZwQ GB †`‡ki K…lK, kÖwgK, QvÎ,

†gnbZx gvby‡liÐZ_v me©‡kÖYxi Rbmvavi‡Yi bv‡g t

* RvZxq mvaviY wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g GB †`‡ki Avcvgi

RbmvaviY AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Kg©m~Px I †bZ„‡Z¡i cÖwZ †h wecyj

mg_©b I AKzÚ Av¯’v Ávcb Kwiqv‡Qb, Dnvi gh©v`v i¶vK‡í

Avgiv me©kw³ wb‡qvM Kwie ;

* Qq`dv I GMv‡ivÐ`dv Kg©m~Pxi Dci cÖ`Ë my¯úó MYiv‡qi

cÖwZ Avgiv GKwbôi“‡c wek¦¯— _vwKe Ges kvmbZ‡š¿ I ev¯—e

cÖ‡qv‡M QqÐ`dv Kg©m~Px wfwËK m¦vqZ¡kvmb I GMv‡iv `dv

Kg©m~Pxi cÖwZdjb NUvB‡Z me©kw³ cÖ‡qvM Kwie;

* AvIqvgx jx‡Mi bxwZ, Av`k©, D‡Ïk¨ I Kg©m~Pxi cÖwZ

AwePj AvbyMZ¨ Ávcbc~e©K Avgiv A½xKvi Kwi‡ZwQ †h, A‡j

A‡j I gvby‡l gvby‡l weivRgvb Pig ivR‰bwZK A_©‰bwZK I

mvgvwRK ‰el‡g¨i wPi Aemvb NUvBqv †kvlbgy³ GK myLx mgv‡Ri

eywbqv` Mwoevi Ges Ab¨vq, AwePvi we`ywiZ Kwiqv mZ¨, b¨vq cÖwZôvi

Rb¨ wbijm cÖ‡Póv PvjvBqv hvBe ;

* RbMY Aby‡gvw`Z Avgv‡`i Kvh©µ‡gi cÖwZeÜKZv m„wói

cÖqvmx †h †Kvb gnj I Aïf kw³i wei“‡× Avgiv cÖej cÖwZ‡iva

Av‡›`vjb Mwoqv Zywje Ges mvaviY gvby‡li AwaKvi cÖwZôvK‡í †h

†Kvbi“c Z¨vM m¦xKvi KiZt Av‡cvmnxb msMªv‡gi Rb¨ Avgiv me©`v

cÖ¯—yZ _vwKe|ÕÕ

MZKvj (†iveevi) weKv‡j †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b AvIqvgx jxM

`jxq 151 Rb RvZxq cwil` Ges 268 Rb c~e© cvwK¯—vb cwil`

m`m¨ 6Ð`dv I 11 `dv ev¯—evq‡bi msKí †Nvlbv Kwiqv kc_

Mªnb K‡ib| AvIqvgx jxM cÖavb †kL gywReyi ingvb Abyôvb

cwiPvjbv K‡ib| m¤¢eZ cvj©v‡g›Uvix MYZ‡š¿i BwZnv‡m GB ai‡Yi

MYkc_ Mªnb GB cÖ_g|

81

‡kL gywR‡ei Wvbcv‡k©¦ RvZxq cwil` m`m¨MY Ges evg

cv‡k©¦ cÖv‡`wkK cwil` m`m¨MY `uvovBqv kc_ Mªnb K‡ib|

cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki evg nv‡Z kc_bvgv Ges Wvbnv‡Z kc‡_i fw½‡Z Dw`Z

wQj| †bZvi m‡½ mKj m`m¨ kc_bvgv cvV K‡ib| kc_ cvV Kivi

c~‡e© †kL gywRe †Nvlbv K‡ib RbcÖwZwbwaMY RbM‡Yi mvg‡b

RbmvaviY‡K mv¶x ivwLqv kc_ Mªnb Kwi‡Z‡Qb| kc_ Mªnb mgvß

nB‡j wekvj RbZv Dj−v‡m dvwUqv c‡o|ÕÕ

11B Rvbyqvix Bqvwnqv XvKvq AvMgb K‡ib Ges †kL gywR‡ei mwnZ

Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| AZtci, 17B Rvbyqvix wZwb jviKvbvq cvwL wkKv‡i Mgb K‡ib

Ges RyjwdKvi Avjx fy‡Ævi evm fe‡b AvwZ_¨ Mªnb K‡ib|

AvIqvgx jxM 15B †deªyqvixi g‡a¨ XvKvq RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb

WvKvi mycvwik K‡ib wKš‘ fy‡Æv †deªyqvix gv‡mi †klfv‡M Awa‡ekb WvKvi

c¶cvwZ wQ‡jb|

hvnv nDK, 1971 m‡bi 13B †deªyqvix Zvwi‡Li GK ‡NvlYve‡j Bqvwnqv

Lvb cvwK¯—v‡bi kvmbZš¿ cÖYq‡bi Rb¨ XvKvq 3iv gvP© Zvwi‡L RvZxq cwil‡`i

Awa‡ekb Avnevb K‡ib|

16B †deªyqvix †kL gywRe‡K AvIqvgx jxM cvj©v‡g›Uvix cvwU©i †bZv wbe©vPb

Kiv nq|

msev`c‡Îi fvl¨ gvidr gvP© gv‡mi MY Afy¨Ìvb t

1971 m‡bi 26‡k gvP© evsjv‡`k m¦vaxb nq| H mg‡qi HwZnvwmK

NUbvejx wK fv‡e av‡c av‡c AvMvBqv hvB‡ZwQj Zvnv avivevwnKfv‡e ü`q½g

Kwievi Rb¨ AÎ Av`vj‡Zi wb‡`©‡k Ôevsjv‡`k AvK©vBfÕ nB‡Z 1jv gvP© nB‡Z

25‡k gvP© ch©š— ‰`wbK B‡ËdvKmn I AviI K‡qKwU ‰`wbK cwÎKv Avbqb Kiv

nq|

D³ HwZnvwmK gvP© gv‡mi NUbvejx Avgiv ‰`wbK cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ

msev` I cÖwZ‡e`b nB‡Z eY©bv Kwie| Bnv nB‡Z 1971 m‡bi gvP© gv‡m c~e©

cvwK¯—vb I Bnvi RbM‡Yi Ae¯’vb m¤¦‡Ü GKwU cwi¯‹vi wPÎ cwiùywUZ nBqv

DwV‡e ewjqv Avkv Kiv hvq|

82

1971 m‡bi 1 jv gvP© Zvwi‡Li ‰`wbK B‡ËdvK `„‡ó cÖZxqgvb nq †h Bnvi

c~e© w`b 3iv gvP© Zvwi‡L AbywôZe¨ Avmbœ RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ek‡b †hvM`vb

Kwievi Rb¨ cwðg cvwK¯—vb nB‡Z RvZxq cwil` m`m¨M‡Yi XvKvq AvMgb

Ae¨vnZ iwnqv‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K 6 `dv wfwËK Lmov kvmbZš¿ we‡ePbvi Rb¨

AvIqvgx jxM cvj©v‡g›Uvix cvwU© Zvnv‡`i mfv Ae¨vnZ iv‡L| 28‡k †deªyqvix

ZvwiL nB‡Z wewmwmwc wUg I B›Uvib¨vkbvj GKv`k wU‡gi g‡a¨ wµ‡KU †Ljv XvKv

†ówWqv‡g Pwj‡ZwQj|

2iv gvP© Zvwi‡Li B‡ËdvK cwÎKv `„‡ó cÖwZqgvb nq †h 3iv gvP© Zvwi‡L

Avmbœ RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ek‡bi A‡c¶vq mgMª †`k Aaxi AvMª‡n

A‡c¶viZ| †`‡k GKwU Drme g~Li cwiw¯’wZ we`¨gvb| cvwK¯—v‡bi 23 erm‡ii

BwZnv‡m cÖ_g mvaviY wbe©vPb Abyôv‡bi c‡i RvZxq msm‡`i Awa‡ekb AbywôZ

nB‡Z hvB‡Z‡Q, cvwK¯—v‡bi GKwU MYZvwš¿K kvmbZš¿ cÖYxZ nB‡Z hvB‡Z‡Q,

wbcxwoZ evOvjx GB cÖ_g ev‡ii gZ wb‡R‡`i fvM¨ Mwoevi my‡hvM cvB‡Z

hvB‡Z‡Q| GB mKj Avkv jBqv GB †`‡ki Avcvgi RbmvaviY hLb Aaxi

AvMª‡n A‡c¶vgvb ZLb nVvr KwiqvB webv †g‡N eRªcv‡Zi b¨vq Acivý 1t05

wgwb‡Ui mgq †iwWI cvwK¯—v‡bi we‡kl Abyôv‡b cwVZ †cÖwm‡W†›Ui wee„wZ‡Z RvZxq

cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb Awbw`©ó Kv‡ji Rb¨ ¯’wMZ †NvlYv Kiv nq|

XvKv †ówWqv‡g Aa©j¶vwaK `k©K cig Drmv‡n I Avb›` mnKv‡i wµ‡KU

†Ljv Dc‡fvM Kwi‡ZwQj| AwdmÐ Av`vjZ, nvUÐevRvi, ¯KzjÐK‡jR,

wek¦we`¨vjq me©Î hvnvi hvnv Kvh© ZvnvB m¦vfvweK fv‡e Kwi‡ZwQj| XvKv kni

kvš— myybmvb| me©ÎB †hb Drm‡ei Av‡gR| AwaKvi wdwiqv cvBevi GKwU wmœ»

Avb›`Nb cwi‡ek| nVvr eRªNvZmg GB msev‡` mK‡j m¦ZtùyZ©©fv‡e iv¯—vq bvwgqv

Av‡m| †Kvb †bZvi Wv‡Ki Rb¨ †Kn A‡c¶v K‡i bvB| gyû‡Z©B †ówWqvg nB‡Z

`k©KMY evwni nBqv c‡o| †Ljv Zvr¶wbKfv‡e eÜ nBqv hvq| mKj ¯—‡ii

Avcvgi RbmvaviY we‡¶v‡f dvwUqv c‡o| GBfv‡e 1jv gvP© Zvwi‡Li w`¦cÖni

1t05 wgwb‡U cvwK¯—v‡bi we`vq N›Uv evwRqv DwVj|

mgMª cÖ‡`k GB AcÖZ¨vwkZ †NvlYvq ¯—w¤¢Z nBqv hvq| mw¤¦Z wdwiqv

cvBqvB cÖPÛ we‡¶v‡f wemywfqv‡mi gZ dvwUqv c‡o|

83

GB cwiw¯’wZ m¤¦‡Ü 2iv gvP© Zvwi‡L ‰`wbK B‡ËdvK cwÎKvq ÔcÖwZev‡`

ivRavbx‡Z cÖPÛ we‡¶vfÕ wk‡ivbvg wb‡æv³ cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvwkZ nq t

ÔÔ eû cÖZxw¶Z RvZxq cwil` Awa‡ekb Abyôv‡bi gvÎ `yBw`b

c~‡e© MZKvj (‡mvgevi) †ejv 1Uv 5wgwb‡Ui mgq AvKwm¥Kfv‡e

RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb Awbw`©óKv‡ji Rb¨ ¯’wMZ †Nvlbv Kwiqv

cvwK¯—vb †eZv‡i †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui wee„wZ cÖPv‡ii m‡½ m‡½ ivRavbx XvKv

cÖPÛ †¶v‡f dvwUqv c‡o| †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui GB wee„wZ cÖPv‡i `jgZ

wbwe©‡k‡l mKj †kÖYxi gvby‡li †¶v‡f `vevb‡ji gZ QovBqv c‡o

Ges m¦ZtùyZ©fv‡e kn‡ii mKj †`vKvbcvU eÜ nBqv hvq|

miKvixЇemiKvix Awdm, e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©Pvix, wk¶v

cÖwZôv‡bi QvÎÐwk¶K, KjKviLvbvi kÖwgK Ges Av`vj‡Zi

AvBbRxweMY iv¯—vq bvwgqv Av‡mb| †MvUv kni weMZ 1969 mv‡ji

MYAf~¨Ìv‡bi b¨vq m¦ZtùyZ© wgwQ‡ji bMix‡Z cwiYZ nq| wkí

GjvKv, KjLvbv, AwdmÐAv`vjZ Ges wewfbœ gnj−v nB‡Z AmsL¨

m¦ZtùyZ© wgwQj evwni nq|

XvKv ev‡ii m`m¨MYI m¦ZtùyZ© wgwQj evwni K‡ib|ivRavbx‡Z

UvDb mvwf©m evmI m¦ZtùyZ©fv‡e eÜ nBqv hvq|

wgwQjKvix‡`i †Pv‡LÐgy‡L †¶vfvbj cwijw¶Z nB‡ZwQj|

eRªK‡Ú Zuvnviv †gw`bx cÖKw¤úZ Kwiqv fy‡Æv I †kvlbwe‡ivax

†k−vMvb `vb K‡ib| GB mgq XvKv †ówWqv‡g we,wm,wm,wc wUg Ges

B›Uvib¨vkbvj GKv`k wU‡gi g‡a¨ AbyôvbiZ †Ljv m¦ZtùyZ©fv‡e

fvw½qv hvq|

†ówWqvg nB‡Z AwMœùywj‡½i gZ ewnivMZ µxov`k©KMY

iYcÖ¯—yZ ‰mwb‡Ki b¨vq jvwV‡mvUvmn wgwQ‡j mvwgj nBqv hvq|

ivRavbxi wewfbœ GjvKvi wgwQj¸wj AvIqvgx jxM cÖavb †kL gywReyi

ingv‡bi gyL nB‡Z wb‡`©k jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨ gwZwSj¯’ †nv‡Uj c~e©vYxi

w`‡K AMªmi nB‡Z _v‡K| †ejv 3 Uvi w`‡K †nv‡Uj c~e©vYxi

m¤§yLfvM †jv‡K †jvKviY¨ nBqv hvq|

D‡j−L‡hvM¨ †h †ejv mv‡o 3Uvq †nv‡Uj c~e©vYx‡Z AvIqvgx

jxM cvj©v‡g›Uvix cvwU©i ‰eVK Abyôv‡bi K_v wQj| ‰eVK ïi“ nBevi

c~‡e©B c~e©vYx †nv‡Uj GjvKvq wZj avi‡Yi VuuvB _v‡K bv| GB mgq

gwZwSj¯’ GjvKvi wewfbœ fe‡bi Qv‡` `uvovBqv nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl

†kL mv‡n‡ei wb‡`©k jv‡fi Avkvq cÖZx¶v Kwi‡Z _v‡Kb| ‰eVK

†k‡l msMªv‡gi Kg©m~Px †Nvlbv Kiv ch©š— RbZv c~e©vYx †nv‡Uj

GjvKvq `uvovBqv _v‡Kb|

84

BwZg‡a¨B cëb gq`vb GK m¦ZtùyZ© Rbmgy‡`Ö cwiYZ nq|

GB mgqI ivRavbxi wewfbœ gnj−v Ges kniZwj GjvKv nB‡Z G‡Ki

ci GK wgwQj cë‡bi w`‡K Avwm‡Z _v‡K|

cë‡bi m¦ZtùyZ© Rbmgy‡`Öi D‡Ï‡k¨ c~e© cvwK¯—vb QvÎjx‡Mi

mfvcwZ b~‡i Avjg wmwÏKx, mvaviY m¤úv`K kvnRvnvb wmivR, XvKv

wek¦we`¨vjq †K›`ªxq QvÎ msm‡`i mnÐmfvcwZ Avtmtgt Avãyi ie,

mvaviY m¤úv`K Avãyj KzÏym gvLb, AvUlwÆÐEYmˇii

MYAf~¨Ìv‡bi bvqK RvZxq cwil‡`i m`m¨ Rbve †Zvdv‡qj Avng`,

RvZxq kÖwgK jx‡Mi mvaviY m¤úv`KÐRvZxq cwil` m`m¨ Rbve

Avãyj gvbœvb cÖgyL fvlY `vb K‡ib|

GB wekvj Rbmgy`Ö RvZxq cwil` Awa‡ekb ¯’wMZ †NvlYvi

Zxeª cÖwZev` Ávcb K‡ib| mgv‡e‡k AvIqvgx jxM cÖavb †kL

gywReyi ingvb KZ„©K †NvwlZ Kg©m~Pxi cÖwZ c~Y© mg_©b Ávcb Kiv

nq| wekvj Rbmgy`Ö RbM‡bi AwaKvi Av`v‡qi Rb¨ eRª kc_ Mªnb

K‡ib|

mfvi wewfbœ e³v `jgZ wbwe©‡k‡l RbMY‡K HK¨e× nIqvi

Rb¨ Avnevb Rvbvb| mfv‡k‡l wekvj Rbmgy`Ö wgwQj Kwiqv

bIqvecyi m`iNvU, Bmjvgcyi, PKevRvi nBqv knx` wgbv‡i Mgb

K‡ib| wgwQjKvixMY AvR (g½jevi) kn‡i c~Y© niZvj cvj‡bi

Avnevb Rvbvb|

AvKwm¥Kfv‡e RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb ¯’wMZ †Nvlbvi

cÖwZev‡` MZKvj c~e© cvwK¯—vb QvÎ BDwbq‡bi D‡`¨v‡M (gwZqv

MÖ“c) GK we‡¶vf wgwQj evwni Kiv nq| Zuvnviv evqZyj †gvKviig

cÖv½‡Y GK Rbmgv‡e‡ki Av‡qvRb K‡ib| mfvq lohš¿Kvix‡`i

Pµvš— cÖwZnZ Kivi kc_ Mªnb Kiv nq|

Bnvi c~‡e© XvKv ev‡ii AvBbRxweMY wgwQj Kwiqv evqZyj

†gvKviig cÖv½‡Y mg‡eZ nb|Zuvnviv evqZyj †gvKviig cÖv½‡Y kvn

AvwRRyi ingv‡bi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ GKmfv Abyôvb K‡ib|

D‡j−L‡hvM¨ †h, MZKvj mKvj nB‡Z †cv¯—v‡Mvjv GjvKvi

kÖwgKMY Ôfy‡Ævi f~wgKvi cÖwZev‡`Õ kn‡i we‡¶vf cÖ`k©b K‡ib|

BnvQvov, MZKvj mܨv Ges iv‡ZI ivRavbxi wewfbœ GjvKvq

we‡¶vf cÖ`k©b Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| mܨvq ivRavbxi wewfbœ iv¯—vi †gv‡o

m¦ZtùyZ© c_mfv I mgv‡ek AbywôZ nq|

MZKvj weKv‡j kn‡ii me©Î kvwš—c~Y©fv‡e we‡¶vf cÖ`wk©Z

nB‡jI GK‡kÖYxi K‡qKRb †jvK bvR wm‡bgv n‡ji wU‡KU KvD›Uv‡i

AwMœ ms‡hvM Kivi cÖqvm cvq| Bnv‡Z wm‡bgv n‡ji mvgvb¨ ¶wZ

nq| Aek¨ c‡i RbmvaviY Av¸b wbfvBqv †d‡jb|

85

BnvQvov, ivRavbxi †Kvb †Kvb GjvKvq wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi

mvBb †evW© evsjv †jLvi bx‡P Bs‡iRx †jLv _vKvq GK‡kÖYxi

AwZDrmvnx e¨w³ Bs‡iRx †jLv gywQqv †d‡j ewjqv Awf‡hvM cvIqv

hvq|

Kgjvcy‡i cÖwZev` mfv

MZKvj mܨvq Kgjvcyi BDwbqb 8 bs IqvW© AvIqvgx jx‡Mi

GK mfvq RvZxq cwil` ¯’wM‡Zi Zxeª cÖwZev` Ávcb Kiv nq|

Rbve Iqv‡ik Lv‡bi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ AbywôZ GB cÖwZev` mfvq Rbve

Avãyj gwZb, Rbve mvdv‡qZ †nv‡mb, †eMg †nvm‡b Aviv

Avmvdz‡ÏŠjv cÖgyL gvby‡li AvkvÐAvKv•Lv cÖwZdj‡bi gy‡L

AvKwm¥Kfv‡e RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb ¯’wMZ †Nvlbvi Zxeª wb›`v

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c`fv‡i ivRavbxi c_NvU cÖKw¤úZ nBqv‡Q| eû bvg Rvbv, bvÐRvbv

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nvmcvZv‡j ¯’vb jBqv‡Qb| GK w`‡K N‡i N‡i Kvbœvi †ivj,

98

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Zywjqv A_ev wekvj wekvj KswKª‡Ui Pvc I †jvnvj°i ¯’vcb Kwiqv

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AwdmÐAv`vjZ, KjÐKviLvbv e¨emvqx cÖwZôvb, .. KzÎvwc eo mv‡ne

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101

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Avwm‡Z‡QÐhvB‡Z‡Q, GK †kÖYxi hvÎxiv XvKv Z¨vM Kwiqv

cwðg cvwK¯—v‡b hvB‡Z‡Qb, wKš‘ †m †mŠfvM¨evb hvÎxiv †Kvb m~‡Î

wUwKU msMªn Kwi‡Z‡Qb, wKfv‡eB ev wegv‡b mgqm~Px Rvwbqv mgqgZ

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D‡c¶v Kivi gZ kw³ ev ¶gZv †K›`ªxq miKv†ii †Kvb ms¯’viB bvB

cÖv‡`wkK miKv‡ii †Zv bvB|

102

7B gv‡P©i B‡ËdvK cwÎKvq †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb 25‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L

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cwiPvjbvi AwaKvixÕ wk‡ivbv‡g Avi GKwU msev` 7B gvP© Zvwi‡L cwi‡ewkZ

nq t

jv‡nvi, 6B gvP©Ðwewkó KvDwÝj gymwjg jxM †bZv Gqvi

gvk©vj (AemicÖvß) byi Lvb AvR GLv‡b e‡jb †h, †kL gywRei

ingv‡bi †`k kvm‡bi ‰ea AwaKvi iwnqv‡Q Ges ¶gZv n¯—vš—‡ii

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†kL mv‡ne 7B gvP© †im‡Kv‡m© fvlY w`‡eb ewjqv RvbvBqvwQ‡jb|†mB

103

Abyhvqx m¦vwaKviKvgx j¶ j¶ †jvK e½eÜyi wb‡`©k jv‡fi Rb¨

MZKj¨Kvi GB mgv‡e‡k †hvM`vb K‡ib| Avi ‡k−vMvbgyLi jvwVavix

†mB m¦vwaKviKvgx Rbmgy`Ö‡K j¶¨ Kwiqv †kL gywRe kc_`„ß K‡Ú

e‡jb fvB‡qiv Avgvi, cÖ¯—yZ nI| Gev‡ii msMªg evOvjxi gyw³i

msMªvg| i³ w`‡Z Avwg cÖ¯—yZ| hw` Avwg ev Avgvi mnKgx©ivI WvK

w`‡Z bv cv‡iÐ gyw³msMªv‡gi cZvKv nv‡Z †ZvgivB AvMvBqv hvBI|

wZwb e‡jb, ÔN‡i N‡iÕ msMªv‡gi `yM© mev©Z¥K cÖwZ‡iva Mwoqv

†Zvj| gyw³ Avwm‡eB |Õ

RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ek‡bi ZvwiL m¤úwK©Z †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui

†NvlYvi D‡j−L cÖm‡½ wZwb G e¨vcv‡i m„ó msK†Ui Rb¨

‡cÖwm‡W›U Ges Rbve fy‡Æv‡K `vqx K‡ib| wZwb Awf‡hvM K‡ib †h,

†Mvjgv‡ji m„wó Kwi‡jb fy‡Æv, Avi ¸jx Pwjj evsjvi wbixnÐwbi¯¿

RbZvi Dci| wZwb e‡jb, hLbB †`‡ki msL¨vMwiô RbMY A_©vr

evsjvi gvbyl AvZ¥cÖwZôvq D‡`¨vMx nBqv‡Q, hLb Zv‡`i nv‡Z

wb‡R‡`i ev mgMª cvwK¯—v‡bi fvM¨ wbqš¿‡Y fvi Awc©Z nIqvi my‡hvM

m„wó nBqv‡Q, ZLbB Zv‡`i Dci kw³ jBqv SuvcvBqv cov nBqv‡Q|

wKš—y †Kb ? KZKvj GB wbh©vZb Pwj‡e ? wZwb evsjvi gvby‡li Dci

mvgwiK kw³ cÖ‡qvM nB‡Z weiZ _vKvi Rb¨ mswk−ó gn‡ji cÖwZ

Avnevb Rvbvb|

mgv‡e‡k e³„Zv Kwi‡Z `vuovBqv e¨w_Z m¦‡i e½eÜy RbZvi

D‡Ï‡k¨ e‡jb, fvB‡qiv Avgvi, `ytL fvivµvš— g‡b AvR Avwg

Avcbv‡`i mvg‡b nvwRi nBqvwQ| Avcbviv meB Rv‡bb, meB †ev‡Sb|

evsjvi gvbyl gyw³ Pvq, gvby‡li gZ euvwP‡Z PvqÐ AvZ¥ cÖwZôvi

AwaKvi Pvq| wZwb `ytL Kwiqv e‡jb, XvKv, PÆMvg, Lyjbv,

ivRkvnx, iscy‡i Avgvi fvB‡qi i‡³ evsjvi gvwU mqjve Kwiqv

†`Iqv nBqv‡Q| wKš‘y †Kb? wK Ab¨vq Avgiv KwiqvwQjvg ?

evsjvi gvbyl Avkv KwiqvwQjÐ

AvIqvgx jxM cÖavb e‡jb, KZ Avkv jBqv G‡`‡ki gvbyl

Avgv‡K, Avgvi `j‡K †fvU w`qv‡Q| Zviv Avkv KwiqvwQj RvZxq

cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb ewm‡e, Avgiv kvmbZš¿ ‰Zwi Kwie, †`k‡K

myôyfv‡e Mwohv Zywje, gvbyl ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK I mvs¯K…wZK

m¦vwaKvi cvB‡e| †m Avkv c~i‡Yi Rb¨ †Póvi Avgvi ΓwU wQj bvÐ

ΓwU bvB| wKš‘ Avevi lohš¿|

23 eQ‡ii BwZnvm

104

we¶yä K‡Ú †kL mv‡ne e‡jb, MZ 23 eQ‡ii BwZnvm

loh‡š¿i BwZnvm, evsjvi gvby‡li eÂbv, AvZ¥`vb, i³`vb Avi

gygyh~©i AvZ©bv‡`i BwZnvmÐ ev½vjxi i³v³ Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnvm| GB

cÖm‡½ wZwb Õ52 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vjb, Õ54 mv‡ji wbe©vPb weRq

bm¨v‡Zi lohš¿, Õ Õ58 mv‡ji mvgwiK kvmb Rvix, Õ66 mv‡ji

QqÐ`dv Av‡›`vjb, Õ69 mv‡ji MYÐAv‡›`vjb Ges Gev‡ii m¦vwaKvi

Av‡›`vj‡bi K_v D‡j−L K‡ib|

‡`vl wK Avgv‡`i ?

‡kL mv‡ne e‡jb, AvBqy‡ei cZ‡bi ci Bqvwnqv Lvb ¶gZvq

Avwmqv kvmbZš¿ I MYZ‡š¿i cÖeZ©‡bi Iqv`v KwiqvwQ‡jb| wKš‘

Zvici wK nBqv‡Q ? wZwb wRÁvmv K‡ib, †`vl wK Avgv‡`i ? wZwb

e‡jb, ÔÔ†gRwiwU cvwU©i †bZv wnmv‡e Avwg 15B ‡deªyqvix RvZxq

cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb WvKvi mycvwik Kwi| wKš‘ †cÖwm‡W›U fy‡Æv K_vgZ

3iv gvP© cwil` Awa‡ekb WvwK‡jb| ewjjvg, wVK Av‡Q, RvZxq

cwil‡` AvjvcÐAv‡jvPbv nB‡e| GgbI Avwg ewjqvwQ †h, cwðg

cvwK¯—vb nB‡Z GKRb m`m¨I hw` hyw³ m¤§Z cÖ¯—ve jBqv

AvMvBqv Av‡mb, Dnv Mªnb Kiv nB‡e| Zey Zvnv‡`i gb f‡i bvB|

fy‡Æv XvKvq Av‡jvPbv †k‡l ewjqv wMqvwQ‡jb, `‡ivRv eÜ nq bvB,

AviI Av‡jvPbv nB‡e| Zvici Avwg gvIjvbv b~ivbx, gvIjvbv

gydZx gvngy` cÖgy†Li m‡½ Av‡jvPbv KwiqvwQ| Zv‡`i Avwg ewjqv

w`qvwQ, evsjvi RbMY 6Ð `dv I 11Ð`dvi c‡¶ †fvU w`qv‡Q| Dnv

cwieZ©‡bi ¶gZv Avgvi bvB| Gw`‡K fy‡Æv evsjvi gvbyl‡K

Pigfv‡e Acgvb Kwiqv RvZxq cwil`‡K ÔKmvB LvbvÕ ewjqv

AvL¨vwqZ Kwi‡jb, evsjvq Avwm‡j ÔWej wRw¤§Õ nIqvi gZ gš—e¨

Kwi‡jb| RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb ewm‡j †c‡kvqvi nB‡Z KivPx

ch©š— niZv‡ji fq †`LvB‡jb| ïay ZvnvB bqÐ wZwb ûgwK w`‡jb

†Kvb cwðg cvwK¯—vbx m`m¨ XvKv †M‡j Zvi gyÛ cvZ Kiv nB‡e|

Avwg ivRx wQjvg, 35Rb cwðg cvwK¯—vbx m`m¨ RvZxq cwil`

Awa‡ek‡b †hvM w`‡Z Avwm‡jb| wKš‘ Zey fy‡Ævi †R‡`i `vg w`‡Z

wMqv Awa‡ekb g~jZex Kiv nBj| †`vlx fy‡Æv, A_P †`vlvi“c Kiv

nBj Avgvi DciÐ evsjvi gvby‡li Dci| Avwg kvwš—c~Y© Av‡›`vj‡bi

WvK w`jvg| msMªvg ïi“ nBjÐkvwš—c~Y© msMªvg|

Avi GKwUI ¸wj PvjvB‡eb bv

105

AvIqvgx jxM cÖavb cÖkœ †Zv‡jb, wKš‘ wK cvBjvg ?

cvBjvg ¸jx, wbh©vZbÐg„Z¨yi c‡ivqvbv| wZwb e‡jb, evsjvi

†kvwlZÐewÂZ gvbyl Abvnv‡i _vwKqv †`k i¶vi A¯¿ †Kbvi Rb¨ †h

cqmv w`qv‡Q, ‡m cqmvq ‡Kbv A¯¿ cÖ‡qvM Kiv nB‡Z‡Q †mB

evsjvi gvby‡liB wei“‡× ÐZv‡`i wbwe©Pv‡i cvLx wkKv‡ii gZ nZ¨v

Kivi Rb¨| mvgwiK evwnbxi D‡Ï‡k¨ †kL mv‡ne e‡jb, Avcbv‡`i

`vwqZ¡ †`k i¶vÐ kÎyi m‡½ hy× Kiv, evsjvi gvby‡li Dci nZ¨vhÁ

PvjvBevi AwaKvi Avcbv‡`i bvB| e¨viv‡K _vKzb, cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a

ewntkΓi wei“‡× hy× Kwi‡eb| evsjvi gvby‡li ey‡K Avi GKUvI ¸wj

PvjvB‡eb bv|

wK‡mi †Mvj †Uwej ?

AvIqvgx jxM cÖavb †Mvj †Uwej ‰eV‡K †hvM`v‡b m¤§Z

nBqvwQ‡jb ewjqv †cÖwm‡W›U †eZvi fvl‡Y †h Bw½Z D‡j−L

Kwiqv‡Qb Dnvi Rev‡e †kL mv‡ne e‡jb, †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui m‡½

†Uwj‡dv‡b Avjvc .Kv‡j Avwg Zv‡K XvKv Avwm‡Z ewj| Avwg

ewjqvwQjvg, Avcwb †cÖwm‡W›U, Avcwb Avmyb, †`Lyb, wKfv‡e gvby‡li

i³ jBqv †nvwj †Ljv Pwj‡Z‡Q|†`wLqv wePvi Ki“b| wZwb e‡jb,

wK‡mi †Mvj †Uwej, Kvi m‡½ ewme ? hviv evsjvi gvby‡li i³

wbqv‡Q, Zv‡`i m‡½ †Mvj †Uwe‡j ewme ? ІKb? †kL gywRe e‡jb,

Avwg †cÖwm‡W›U‡K ewjqv w`qvwQ, knx`†`i i‡³i `vM ivRc_ nB‡Z

GLbI ïKvq bvB| †mB i‡³i Dci w`qv nuvwUqv Avwg †Mvj

†Uwe‡j hvB‡Z cvwi bv|

‡Mvcb ‰eV‡Ki ci

AvIqvgx jxM cÖavb e‡jb, Avwg †gRwiwU cvwU©i †bZv, Avgvi

m‡½ Avjvc bv Kwiqv, Avgvi m¤§wZ bv wbqv fy‡Ævi m‡½ 5 N›Uv

e¨vcx †Mvcb ‰eV‡Ki ci †cÖwm‡W›U 25‡k gvP© RvZxq cwil‡`i

Awa‡ekb WvwKqv‡Qb| †eZvi fvl‡Y wZwb Avgv‡`i Dci †`vlvi“c

Kwiqv‡Qb| †Mvjgvj evavB‡jb fy‡Æv Avi ¸jx Pwjj evsjvi gvby‡li

Dci| cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb WvKv nBqv‡Q| wKš‘ Avgvi `vex gvwb‡Z

nB‡e|

i‡³i m‡½ †eCgvbx Kwi‡Z cvwi bv

106

†kL gywRe `„pZvi m‡½ e‡jb, evsjvi gyw³ Av‡›`vj‡b hviv

Rxeb w`qv‡Q, hviv i³ w`qv Avgv‡K gy³ Kwiqv‡Q, Zv‡`i i‡³i

m‡½ Avwg †eCgvbx Kwiebv, Kwi‡Z cvwi bv| i³ w`qvB Avwg i‡³i

FY †kva Kwie|

hw` AvNvZ Av‡mÐ

‡kL mv‡ne e‡jbt hw` AvNvZ Av‡m, hw` Avwg wb‡`©k bvI

w`‡Z cvwi, hw` Avgvi mnKgx©‡`i c‡¶I c_wb‡`©k ‡`Iqv m¤¢e bv

nq, evsjvi gvbyl †Zvgiv wb‡RivB wb‡R‡`i Kg©cš’v wVK Kwiqv

wbI| nv‡Zi Kv‡Q hv cvI ZvB wbqv kΓi †gvKv‡ejv KwiI| iv¯—vNvU

eÜ Kwiqv w`IÐPvKv eÜ Kwiqv w`I| evsjvi N‡i N‡i `yM© Mwoqv

gyw³Ð‰mwbK nBqv me©kw³ jBqv `ykg‡bi wei“‡× i“wLqv `uvovBI|

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

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ÔAvR †_‡K Avgvi wb‡`©kÕ Ð wk‡ivbv‡g Avi GKwU msev` cÖKvwkZ

nq t

(1)evsjvi gyw³ bv nIqv ch©š— LvRbvÐU¨v· eÜ ivLyb| (2)

mgMª evsjv‡`‡ki †m‡µUvix‡qU ÐmiKvix I AvavÐmiKvix Awdm,

mycÖxg †KvU©, nvB‡KvU© Ges Ab¨vb¨ †Kv‡U© niZvj Ki“b| (†Kv_vI

wkw_j Kiv nB‡j Rvbvb nB‡e)| (3) wiKkv, †eex, evmÐU¨v·x

cÖf„wZ Ges †ijMvox I e›`i mg~n Pvjy ivLyb; wKš‘ RbM‡Yi Dci

Ryyjyg PvjvBevi D‡Ï‡k¨ mk¯¿ evwnbx PjvP‡ji Kv‡R †ijI‡q I

e›`i Kg©PvixMY mn‡hvwMZv Kwi‡eb bv Ges †m‡¶‡Î Zvnv‡`i

PjvP‡ji e¨vcv‡i †Kvb wKQy NwU‡j Avwg `vqx nBe bv| (4) †eZvi,

†Uwjwfkb I msev`cÎ Avgv‡`i wee„wZ e³„Zvi c~Y© weeiY cÖ`vb

Kwi‡eb Ges MYÐAv‡›`vj‡bi †Kvb Lei Mv‡qe Kwi‡eb bv| hw`

Zvnv‡Z evav †`Iqv nq, Zvnv nB‡j GB me cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ

evOvjxiv Kv‡R †hvM w`‡eb bv| (5)ïay †jvKvj Ges Avš—t‡Rjv

Uªv¼Ð‡Uwj‡dvb †hvMv‡hvM Ae¨vnZ ivLyb (6) ¯KzjÐK‡jRÐwek¦we`¨vjq

eÜ ivLyb| (7) mKj M„nkx‡l© cÖwZw`b Kv‡jv cZvKv DÇxb

ivLyb| (8)e¨v¼ mg~n cÖwZw`b 2 N›Uv †Lvjv ivLyb ; wKš‘ cwðg

cvwK¯—v‡b GK cqmvI †hb cvPvi bv nq| (9) Ab¨vb¨ †¶‡Î AvR

nB‡Z niZvj cÖZ¨vüZ nBj| wKš‘ Ae¯’vi †cÖw¶‡Z †h †Kvb mgq

Avevi AvswkK ev me©vZ¥K niZvj †NvlYv nB‡Z cv‡i, Z¾b¨ cÖ¯—yZ

107

_vKzb| (10) ¯’vbxq AvIqvgx jxM kvLvi †bZ„‡Z¡ Awej‡¤¦ evsjvi

cÖ‡Z¨KwU BDwbqb, gnj−v, _vbv, gnvKzgv I †Rjv ch©v‡q msMªvg

cwil` MVb Ki“b|

MZKvj (iweevi) igbv †im‡Kv‡m© DËvj Rbmgy`Ö‡K mv¶x

ivwLqv Zygyj KiZvwji g‡a¨ AvIqvgx jxMÐ cÖavb †kL gywReyi

ingvb e½evmxi Dc‡iv³ †Nvlbv K‡ib|

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

ÔXvKv †eZvi eÜÕ wk‡ivbv‡g AviI GKwU msev` cÖKvwkZ nq t

(óvd wi‡cvU©vi)

XvKv †eZv‡i AvIqvgx jxM cÖavb †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi e³„Zv

ix‡j bv Kivi cÖwZev‡` Ges evsjvi msMªvgx RbZvi cÖPÛ `vexi

gy‡L XvKv †eZv‡ii Kg©iZ mKj ev½vjx Kg©Pvixi mn‡hvwMZv bv

Kivi `i“b MZKvj (iweevi) weKvj nB‡Z XvKv †eZvi †K›`ª eÜ

nBqv wMqv‡Q| XvKv †eZvi †K›`ª eÜ nIqvi wZb N›Uv ci A_©¨vr mܨv

mv‡o 7 Uvq †eZvi fe‡bi Avw½bvq GKwU nvZ †evgv wbw¶ß nq|

GKwU Pjgvb Rxc nB‡Z D³ nvZ †evgv wbw¶ß nq| †evgv

we‡ùvi‡bi d‡j †Kvb Rvb gv‡ji ¶wZ nq bvB ewjqv mswk−ó gnj

nB‡Z Rvbv wMqv‡Q|

AvIqvgx jxM cÖavb †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡bi

fvlY ix‡j Kivi Rb¨ MZ K‡qKw`b hver wewfbœ gnj nB‡Z †Rvi

`vex D‡V Ges †kl ch©š— XvKv †eZvi KZ„©c¶ Zuvnvi GB ¸i“Z¡c~Y©

fvlY ix‡j Kivi wm×vš— †eZvi gvidr †Nvlbv Kwi‡jI †kl gyû‡Z©

Dnv Kiv nq bvB|

XvKv †eZv‡i †kL gywRei ingv‡bi igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡bi

fvlY ix‡j Kivi wm×vš— †Nvlbvi ci cÖ‡`ke¨vcx †kÖvZvMY Aaxi

AvMª‡n †iwWI †mU jBqv A‡c¶v Kwi‡Z _v‡Kb|

‡ejv 2Uv 10wgwbU nB‡Z 3Uv 20wgwbU ch©š— XvKv †eZv‡i

†`kvZ¡‡evaK m½xZ cwi‡ekb Kiv nq| ÔÔAvgvi †mvbvi evsjv Avwg

†Zvgvq fvjevwmÕÕÐ MvbwU †kl nIqvi m‡½ m‡½ †kL gywRei ingv‡bi

fvlY wi‡j ïi“ Kivi c~e©¶‡b we‡kl KZ„©c‡¶i wb‡`©‡k ÔÔRvZxq

m½xZÕÕ cwi‡ekb e¨ZxZB AvKwm¥Kfv‡e XvKv †eZv‡i Z„Zxq

Awa‡ek‡bi mgvwß †Nvlbv Kiv nq| we‡kl KZ„©c‡¶i D³ wb‡`©‡ki

cÖwZev‡` I †kL gywRei ingv‡bi fvlY wi‡j Kwi‡Z bv †`Iqvq XvKv

108

†eZv‡ii Kg©PvixMY mn‡hvwMZv Kwi‡Z Am¦xKvi Kivq MZKvj

‰eKvj nB‡Z XvKv †eZvi †K›`ªwU APj nBqv cwoqv‡Q|

cÖm½Zt D‡j−L¨ †h, XvKv †eZv‡ii wkíxMY MZ 2iv gvP©

nB‡Z XvKv †eZv‡ii mwnZ I mn‡hvwMZv Kwiqv RbZvi msMªv‡gi

mwnZ GKvZ¥Zv †Nvlbv Kwiqv‡Qb|

mswk−ó KZ„©c¶ XvKv †eZvi Kg©Pvix‡`i Kv‡R †hvM`v‡bi Rb¨

AvjvcÐAv‡jvPbv PvjvB‡jI AwaK ivwÎ ch©š— †Kvb †eZvi Kg©Pvix

Kv‡R †hvM`vb K‡ib bvB Ges ‡eZvi †K›`ª Pvjy Kivi m¤¢e nq

bvB| †kL gywRei ingv‡bi c~Y© fvlY XvKv †eZv‡i cÖPvi Kiv bv

nB‡j Zvnviv Kv‡R †hvM`vb Kwi‡Z m¤§Z bb ewjqv Rvbv wMqv‡Q|

ÔRq RbZvi RqÕ wk‡ivbv‡g AviI GKwU msev` cÖKvwkZ nq|

Mfxi ivw·Z cÖvß Le‡i cÖKvk, mvgwiK KZ„©c¶ †kl ch©š—

XvKv †eZvi nB‡Z †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡bi cÖ`Ë

fvl‡Yi c~Y© weeiY cÖPv‡ii AbygwZ w`‡Z m¦xK…Z nBqv‡Qb| A`¨

(‡mvgevi) mKvj mv‡o 8 NwUKvq XvKv †eZvi †K›`ª nB‡Z †kL

gywRey†ii †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b cÖ`Ë fvlY cÖPvi Kiv nB‡e| evsjvi

Ab¨vb¨ †eZvi †K›`ª nB‡ZI Bnv ix‡j Kiv nB‡e|

MZKj¨ ivw·Z mvgwiK KZ„©c¶ Ges XvKv †eZv‡ii ev½vjx

Kg©Pvix‡`i mwnZ my`xN© AvjvcÐAv‡jvPbvi ci GB wm×vš— MªnY Kiv

nBqv‡Q| A`¨ mKvj mv‡o 6Uv nB‡Z XvKv †eZv‡ii m¦vfvweK

Abyôvbvw`I cÖPvi ïi“ Kiv nB‡e|

ÔDËvjÐDÏvg RjwaZi½Õ wk‡ivbv‡g AviI GKwU msev` cÖKvwkZ nq

t (óvd wi‡cvU©vi)

7B gvP© GKwU Awem¥œiYxq w`b| Abb¨mvaviY GB w`‡bi

HwZnvwmK †im‡Kvm© gq`vb| Awem¥œiYxq GB Abb¨w`‡bi

†im‡Kv‡m© evsjvi m¦vwaKvi Av‡›`vj‡bi gnvbvqK †kL gywReyi ingvb

Ges Zuvi wb‡`©kKvgx m¦vwaKvi ‰mwbK‡`i msMªvgx m‡¤§jb|

ÔmsMªvgx evsjv `yR©q `yex©wbZ| KvnviI Ab¨vq cÖfyZ¡ gvwbqv

†bIqvi Rb¨, KvnviI K‡jvbx nBqv, evRvi nBqv _vKvi Rb¨ evsjvi

gvby‡li Rb¥ nq bvBÕÐ e½eÜyi GB †ZR`„ß †NvlYviB c~bive„wË

Kwiqv evsjvi Aciv‡Rq MYkw³ MZKvj(iweevi) †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b

mvwe©K gyw³ Av`v‡qi B¯úvZÐKwVb kc‡_i `xw߇Z wcÖq †bZv‡K †hb

`yj©sN¨ wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡i Ôe½eÜy AvMvBqv P‡jv Avgiv AvwQ wcQ‡b|Õ

109

Avi HwZnvwmK †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b Avengvb evsjvi evmš—x m~h© Avi

D`vi AvKvk‡K mv¶x ivwLqv MZKvj wbf©xK ‡bZv Ges exi RbZvi

KÚm¦i GKB my‡i aŸwbZ nBqv I‡V hyMÐhyMvš—i, †`kЇ`kvš—‡ii

mKj gyw³Ðwccvmy mf¨ RvwZi ü`qevmbvi A‡gvN gš¿ ÔGev‡ii

msMªvg gyw³i msMªvg|Õ aŸwb I‡V j¶ j¶ K‡Ú w`Mš— ÔKuvcvBqv

ÔRq evsjvÕ 7B gvP© ZvB evsjvi mvwe©K m¦vwaKvi Av‡›`vj‡bi `yM©g

`y¯—i c‡_i cÖv‡š— GKwU AZyjbxq m¥„wZdjK|

MZKvj (iweevi ) †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b m¦vwaKviKvgx evOvjxi Xj

bvwgqvwQj| AvKv‡ii wekvjZv, Awfbe‡Z¡i Abb¨ gwngv, Avi

msMªvgx †PZbvi AZyj ‰ef‡e GB Rbmgy`Ö wQj bwRiwenxb| Avi †mB

wekvj Rbmgy‡`ªi Av‡iKwU j¶bxq w`K wQj nv‡Z euv‡ki jvwVÐ K‡Ú

cÖjq ivwÎi we‡`Övnx e‡½vcmvM‡ii mNb MR©b| kZvãxi BwZnv‡mi

e‡¶ wejxb m¦vaxbZv msMªvgx ZxZygx‡ii euv‡ki †Kj−v †`wL bvB

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euv‡ki jvwV| Avi †mB jvwVi mg‡ek kãÐMR©b †hb Kvgv‡bi

MR©‡biB Reve nBqv MZKvj XvKvi AvKv‡kÐevZv‡m fvwmqv

†eovBqv‡Q eû¶Y| G‡Ki jvwV A‡b¨i jvwV‡Z †VvKvVywK Kwiqv Avi

†mB m‡½ e‡Rªi wbKU nB‡Z aŸwb Kvwoqv †k−vMvb w`qv evsjvi gvbyl

†hb G‡K Aci‡K j¶¨ Kwiqv ewj‡Z Pvwnqv‡Q, ÔeÜy †Zvgvi Qv‡ov

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MZKvj †im‡Kv‡m© j¶ j¶ †jv‡Ki mgv‡ek NwUqvwQj mvwe©K

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Zi“Y hyeK, cwiYZ kÖwgKÐRbZv| Zv‡`i †Pv‡LÐgy‡L wQj cÖwZ‡iv‡ai

AwMœwkLv, ey‡K ey‡K gyw³, wccvmvi Rjš— wPZv| wKš‘ Zey Zviv

kvš— wQj, mshZ wQjÐwQj e½eÜyi gš¿gy» †kÖvZv|wbixn| A_P †mB

RbZvB Avevi msMªvgx kc_ †Nvlbvq D”PwKZ nBqv DwVqv‡Q gnv

cÖj‡qi DËvj Rjwai gZ| ZvB‡Zv, Avðh© GB †`k, Avðh© ev½vjxi

gb I gvbm|

‡ejv `yBUvq †kL gywR‡ei mfv ïi“ nIqvi K_v _vwK‡jI

wZwb g‡Â Av‡mb †ejv 3Uv 15 wgwb‡U | wKš‘ Zey RbZvi g‡a¨

A‰eaÐAmwnòyZvi †Kvb j¶Y †`Lv hvq bvB| wbw`©ó mg‡qi eû

Av‡MB bvixÐcyi“l wbwe©‡k‡l RbZvi †mªvZ Avwmqv DcPvBqv cwo†Z

_v‡K Ges †im‡Kv‡m©i DcjL‡Û| Avi Zv Rb‡mªv‡Z mqjve nBqv hvq

AwP‡iB| eqm, †ckv, mvgvwRK gh©v`v, †cvkvK cwi‡”Q‡` hZB Awgj

_vKzK, †m RbZvi g‡a¨ Avðh© wQj nv‡Zi euv‡ki, jvwV, K‡Úi

†k−vMvb Avi Aš—‡ii Aš—iZg j‡¶¨ m¦vwaKv‡ii j‡¶¨|

110

‡ejv wVK †mvqv wZbUvq mv`v cvRvgvÐcÄvexi ci (nvZvKvUv

†KvU) gywRe †KvU© cwiwnZ e½eÜy g‡Â Avwmqv `uvovB‡j evsjvi exi

RbZv eRª wb‡Nv©‡l KiZvwj I †k−vMv‡bi g‡a¨ Zv‡K Awfb›`b

Rvbvq| †bZv g„`y n¯— Av‡›`vj‡bi Øviv RbZv‡K Awfb›`b Rvbvq|

Zuvi †PvL gy‡L ZLb 7 †KvwU gyw³Ð ‰mwb‡Ki my‡hvM¨ wmcvnmvjv‡ii

`yj©f †ZR`„ß KvwVb¨ Avi msMªvgx kc‡_i `xw߆Ljv Kwi‡Z _v‡K|

‡im‡Kvm© evsjvi gvbyl‡K cÖv‡Yi Uv‡b Wv‡K| †m Wv‡K mvov

w`qv 1969Ði †deªyqvix‡Z †im‡Kv‡m© evsjvi gvbyl ïwbqv‡Q GK

BDwbU Avi c¨vwiwUi g„Zy¨N›Uv, 1970 mv‡ji 7B Ryb ïwbqv‡Q 6Ð

`dvi Rqbv`, Avi 1971 mv‡ji 3iv Rvbyqvix ïwbqv‡Q 6Ð`dv

11Ð`dv ev¯—evq‡bi ب_©nxb kc_| Avi MZKvjI †im‡Kvm© gq`vb

evsjvi gvbyl‡K wbivk K‡i bvB| MZKvj †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b `uvovBqv

†kL gywRe evsjvi gvbyl‡K WvwKqv ewjqv‡Qb t fvB‡qiv Avgvi,

mev©Z¥K msMªv‡g kwiK nI| 7 †KvwU †kvwlZ evOvjxi we¶yä AvZ¥vi

AvZ©bv`‡K wb‡Ri K‡Ú Zywjqv wbqv †kL mv‡ne †NvlYv Kwiqv‡Qb,

ÔGev‡ii msMªvg gyw³i msMªvg| Avwg i³ w`‡Z cÖ¯—yZÕÐ GB

K_vwUi Øviv wZwb Zuvi 20wgwbU e¨vcx e³„Zv mgvß K‡ib| †kL gywRe

hLb m¦RvwZi msMªv‡gi i“c‡iLv Zvi wb‡Ri PigZg Z¨v‡Mi cÖ¯—ywZ

evYx †Nvlbv Kwi‡ZwQ‡jb ZLb Zvui KÚ Kuv‡c bvB, _v‡g bvBÐeis

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gyû‡Z© em‡š—i AvKvk nB‡Z we`vqx m~‡h©i Av‡jvKivwk QovBqv

cwo‡ZwQj igbvi cÖvš—‡i †bZv Avi RbZvi wki‡`‡kЇhb weavZvi

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mfv †k‡l me©vZ¥K gyw³msMªv‡gi †h †Kvb Z¨vM m¦xKv‡ii

msMªvgx kc_ `xß †k−vMv‡biІiYy †iYy Kwiqv evZ‡m QovBqv w`qv

m¦vwaKviЉmwbKiv N‡i ‡d‡i `„ß wgwQ‡ji c`PviYvq ivRc_

cÖKw¤úZ Kwiqv| 7B gv‡P©i †im‡Kv‡m©i mgv‡ek †hLv‡b †klÐ

evsjvi mvwe©K gyw³ÐAv‡›`vj‡bi Pig Aa¨v‡qi †mLv‡bB ïi“| ZvB‡Zv

7B gvP© Abb¨ÐAwem¥iYxq|

Rbve kvnwiqvi BKevj 1971 m‡bi gvP© gv‡m XvKvq cÖ_g †kÖYxi

g¨vwR‡óªU wQ‡jb| cvwK¯—v‡bi †mbvcÖav‡bi AwZ wbKUeZx© ¯’v‡b Dcweó _vwKqv

†kL gywR‡ei fvlY kÖeY Kwievi `~j©f AwfÁZv Zvnvi nBqvwQj| Zvnvi fvlvq

(e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb m¥viKMªš’Ð1, c„t 214)t

111

ÔÔ 1971 mv‡ji 7 B gvP© †im‡Kv‡m©i gq`v‡b e½eÜyi HwZnvwmK

e³„Zv †kvbvi †mŠfvM¨ n‡qwQj| ZLb XvKvi †WcywU Kwgkbvi

G.wU.Gg. kvgmyj nK Ges m`i Gm.wW.I Gg. byi“¾vgvb Avgv‡K H

mfvq Dcw¯’Z _vKvi `vwqZ¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb| †im‡Kv‡m©i g¨v‡bRv‡ii evmv

wQj GKwU wUjvi Dci| bx‡P wQj †Nvovi Av¯—vej| GLv‡b GLb

cywjk K‡›Uªvji“g| Avgiv wUjvi Dci Ae¯’vb wb‡q wQjvg|

†im‡Kvm© g¨v‡bRv‡ii evmv †_‡K K‡qKwU Kv‡Vi †Pqvi Avgv‡`i

emevi Rb¨ †`qv n‡jv| wW.wm., Gm. wW.I Ges Avwg †mLv‡b emjvg|

bx‡P wekvj RbZvi Xj| e½eÜy g †_‡K e³„Zv †`qvi Rb¨

Dcw¯’Z n‡eb| wKQy¶Y ci †`Ljvg GKwU †Lvjv Rx‡c GKRb wmwbqi

Avwg© Awdmvi Avm‡jb| WªvBf KiwQ‡jb GKRb AevOvjx Avwg©

K¨v‡Þb| wcQ‡bi mx‡U `yBRb A¯¿avix Avwg© RIqvb| Gm.wW.I

byi“¾vgvb mv‡ne Rvbv‡jb GB e¨w³ n‡”Qb cvwK¯—v‡bi Avwg©i

me©vwa©bvqK, †Rbv‡ij nvwg`| wZwbI G‡m em‡jb GKwU Kv‡Vi

†Pqv‡i| A`~‡i Avwg©i Iqvi‡jmÐG RIqv‡biv K_v ejwQj cvÄvex

fvlvq| 19 wgwb‡Ui e³„Zvq e½eÜy †mw`b †Nvlbv w`‡jb, ÔÔ Gev‡ii

msMªvg gyw³i msMªvg, Gev‡ii msMªvg m¦vaxbZvi msMªvgÕÕ| e½eÜy

†mw`b Ab¨ ‡Kvb fv‡e m¦vaxbZv †Nvlbv Ki‡j Dci †_‡K Gqvi

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eySj, wKš‘ cvwK¯—vbx †Rbv‡ij mv‡ne wKQyB Ki‡Z cvi‡jb bv|

ivR‰bwZK mfvi Long-hand notes ‡bq, Gm.we. mveÐB݇c±i `yÕRb|

†mB †bvU Attest Ki‡Z nq GKRb cÖ_g †kÖYxi g¨vwR‡UªU‡K| wgwUs

†kl nIqvi mv‡_ `yBRb Gm.we. mveÐB݇c±i Attestation -Gi Rb¨

Avgvi Kv‡Q G‡jv| Avwg mZ¨vwqZ Kijvg| ZLb eyS‡Z cvwi bvB

BwZnv‡mi Ab¨ GKwU “Magna Carta” Avwg mZ¨qb m¦v¶i Kijvg| ÕÕ

cÖK…Zc‡¶B 7B gv‡P©i fvlY GKwU Abb¨ mvaviY fvlY| c„w_exi †kÖô

fvlY¸wji g‡a¨B me©‡kÖô|

ïay ZvnvB bq| evsjvi RbMY Zvnv‡`i †bZvi wb‡`©k A¶‡i A¶‡i cvjb

Kwi‡Z m‡Pó wQj|

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†NvwlZ Kg©m~Pxi wKQy †¶‡Î Ae¨vnwZ cÖ`vb Kiv nq| ÔGLbI mgq Av‡QÕ

D³ cwÎKvq wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU m¤úv`Kxq cÖKvwkZ nq t

112

ÔÔMZ ciï XvKv †im‡Kv‡m©i HwZnvwmK mgv‡e‡k e½eÜy †kL

gywRe †`kevmx‡K Zuvnvi eû cÖZ¨vwkZ c_wb‡`©k `vb Kwiqv‡Qb|

†im‡Kv‡m©i fvlY QvovI msev`c‡Î cÖ`Ë GKwU `xN© wee„wZ‡Z wZwb

ivR‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ Avbyc~we©K eY©bv I e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb, †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui 6B

gv‡P©i †eZvi e³„Zvi KwZcq AmsMZ gš—e¨ I AmsjMœ Dw³i

Reve`vb Ges †`kevmxi D‡Ï‡k¨ `k`dv Ôc_wb‡`©kÕ `vb

Kwiqv‡Qb| †mB m‡½ wZwb ‡cÖwm‡W›U KZ„©K AvûZ RvZxq cwil‡`i

25‡k gv‡P©i Awa‡ek‡b †hvM`v‡bi KwZcq kZ©I †Nvlbv Kwiqv‡Qb|

Zb¥‡a¨ mvgwiK kvmb cÖZ¨vnvi I †jvKvqË miKvi cÖwZôv,

‰mb¨evwnbx‡K QvDwb‡Z cÖZ¨vnvi I Awej‡¤¦ †Mvjv¸wj e‡Üi `vex

cÖavb| †kL mv‡ne kvmK‡`i D‡Ï‡k ewjqv‡Qb, †`kUv‡K Avcbviv

G‡Kev‡i aŸsm Kwiqv w`‡eb bv, Ggb Ae¯’vi m„wó Kwi‡eb bvÐ hvnv‡Z

Avgv‡`i ci¯ú‡ii gyL †`Lv ‡`wLI eÜ nBqv hvq, GLbI åvZ„er

emevm Kwievi my‡hvM iwnqv‡Q, †mB my‡hvMUyKzI Avcbviv wPiZ‡i

webó Kwi‡eb bv Ges kw³i Øviv kvmb `xN©Zi Kwievi †Póv Kwi‡eb

bv|

‡kL mv‡n‡ei GB mZK©evYx m‡e©v”P †`k‡cÖg mÄvZ| Rvbv

hvB‡Z‡Q †h, cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi mvaviY gvby‡li g‡a¨I GB wRÁvmv

µ‡gB cÖej I e¨vcK nBqv DwV‡Z‡Q †h, eû i‡³i wewbg‡q AwR©Z

GB †`kwU†K ivR‰bwZK nVKvwiZv I lohš¿ ئviv Ges wbi¯¿

gvby‡li wei“‡× †Mvjv¸wj I `gbbxwZ PvjvBqv wew”Qbœ Kwievi

AwaKvi‡K Kvnv‡K w`qv‡Q| †mLvb nB‡ZI AvR cÖej `vex DwV‡Z‡Q,

c~e©v‡j GB Lyb Lvivwe eÜ Ki| nDK, mvgwiK kvmb cÖZ¨vnvi I

†kL mv‡n‡ei wbKU ¶gZv n¯—vš—i Kiv nDK| Gqvi gvk©vj byi Lvb

6B gvP© jv‡nv‡i QvÎÐkÖwgK eyw×RxexÐivR‰bwZK Kg©x‡`i GK weivU

mgv‡e‡k mejK‡Ú GB `vex DÌvcb Kwiqv‡Qb| Gqvi gvk©vj AvRMi

LvbI Zuvnvi mv¤cÖwZK wewfbœ wee„wZ‡Z Abyiƒc AwfgZB e¨³

Kwiqv‡Qb| MZ ciïi ‡cÖm Kbdv‡i‡ÝI wZwb ewjqv‡Qb, mvgwiK

kvmb cÖZ¨vnvi I msL¨vMwiô `‡ji wbKU ¶gZv n¯—vš—iB GB

gyû‡Z©i me©cÖavb KZ©e¨| wZwb ewjqv‡Qb †h, †kL mv‡ne †h kZ©

Av‡ivc Kwiqv‡Qb, Zvnv me©vs‡k b¨vh¨ I hyw³m½Z; e¯—yZ †h Ae¯’vi

m„wó Kiv nBqv‡Q Zvnv‡Z Bnvi K‡g wZwb Avi wK Kwi‡Z cv‡ib ?

AmMi Lvb AviI ewjqv‡Qb t kvmbZš¿ iwPZ nq bvB ewjqvB mvgwiK

kvmb PvjvBqv hvBevi †Kvb hyw³ bvB| †`ki¶vB Avwg©i g~L¨ `vwqZ¡;

Dnvi AwZwi³ `vwqZ¡, GgbwK ÔmsMwZi¶viÕ `vwqZ¡ Ac©YI Dnv‡`i

Dci gvÎvwi³ †evSv Pvcv‡bviB mgZyj¨| Kv‡RB Avwg©‡K Kvjwej¤¦

113

bv Kwiqv Zvnv‡`i wkwe‡i wdivBqv †bIqv I mvgwiK kvmb cÖZ¨vnvi

Kiv KZ©e¨|

Gme `vex I hyw³i mvieËv Abm¦xKvh©| e¯—yZt AZx‡Z

eû‡¶‡Î eûevi Ges MZ K‡qK w`‡bi NUbvejx‡ZI m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e

cÖgvwbZ nBqv‡Q †h, ey‡jU Øviv, †eq‡bU Øviv, wbôyi kw³ cÖ‡qvM

Øviv I wbh©vZb Øviv m¦vwaKviKvgx RbZv‡K `gb Kiv hvq bv|

Dnv‡Z mgm¨v, RwUjZv I e¨eavb e„w×B cvq, nªvm cvq bv| mswk−ó

gnj hw` GZwKQyi ciI Bnv bv eywSqv _v‡Kb, Z‡e Avi K‡e

eywS‡eb ?

mkmª evwnbx‡K wkwe‡i wdivBqv †bIqv Ges ÔAvwg© i“jÕ Avi

`xN©Zi bv Kivi wel‡q AemicÖvß GqviÐgvk©vjØq †h Dch©ycwi `vex

RvbvBqv‡Qb, Zvnvi cwjwUK¨vj A_© QvovI m¤¢eZt AwZwi³ wKQy

A_© iwnqv‡Q| mk¯¿ª evwnbxi GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© kvLvi GB cÖv³b

AwabvqKØq DËgiƒ‡cB Rv‡bb †h, Avwg©i †UªwbsUvB GKUv we‡kl

Kv‡Ri I we‡kl ai‡Yi| cÖkvmb I ivóª cwiPvjb Kv‡h© Zvnv‡`i

AwaKKvj RwoZ ivLv bvbvw`K nB‡ZB A`~i`wk©Zvg~jK| we‡klZt

eZ©gvb Nbvqgvb Avš—Rv©wZK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Dnv †Kvbµ‡gB evÃbxq

b‡n| †mBRb¨B wegvb evwnbxi cÖv³b cÖavbØq GKUvbvfv‡e GB

welqwUi Dc‡i cybt cybt AvNvZ Kwi‡Z‡Qb †h, kvmbZš¿ cÖYq‡bi

Rb¨ A‡c¶v bv Kwiqv gvk©vj Õj cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv nDK Ges †gRwiwU

`‡ji n‡¯— ¶gZvc©Y Kiv nDK| wØZxq `dv mvgwiK kvmb Rvwii `yB

eQi c~Y© nBj| Bnv Aek¨B `xN© mgq| GLb hLb RbM‡Yi A‡_©

µxZ A¯¿ª I ey‡jU MYZvwš¿K AwaKviKvgx wbimª RbM‡Yi e¶B

we`xY© Kwi‡Z Avi¤¢ Kwiqv‡Q, ZLb KZ„©c‡¶iI axi gw¯—‡¯‹ eySv

DwPZ †h, kvwš—c~Y© c‡_ kvwš— I m¦w¯— cybt cÖwZôv Kwievi whwb kw³

iv‡Lb Ges AvmMi Lv‡bi fvlvq GB ÔÔfqvbK cwiw¯’wZiÕÕ Aemvb

NUvBevi whwb ¶gZv iv‡Lb, †mB me©Rbgvb¨ bvqK e½eÜyi n‡¯—B

GB gyû‡Z© ¶gZv n¯—vš—i Kiv Aek¨ KZ©e¨| mKj mgm¨vi Avï

ivR‰bwZK mgvav‡bi BnvB GKgvÎ Dcvq| `yBwU A‡ji gvby‡li

åvZ„er emevm KwieviI BnvB m¤¢eZt me©‡kl my‡hvM MZ AvUw`‡bi

NUbvejx `„‡ó KZ„©c‡¶i BnvI Dcjwä Kwi‡Z bv cvivi †Kvb KviY

bvB †h, Ô¶gZvÕ ewj‡Z cÖK…Z cÖ¯—v‡e hvnv eySvq, Zvnvi K‡›Uªvj

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wKš‘ evKx meB nBqv wMqv‡Q| RbMY Zvnv‡`i mve©‡fŠgZ¡

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q¨vKg&wc−ÕÕ ev msNwUZ ev¯—e mZ¨‡K wbwe©ev‡` Awej‡¤¦ m¦xKvi Kwiqv

114

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cwiw¯’wZ gy‡L †Vwjqv w`‡Z‡Q|| AvmMi Lvb †h†Kvb w`‡K Bw½Z

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116

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117

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Õwk‡ivbv‡g AviI GKwU msev` H GKB Zvwi‡L cÖKvwkZ nq|

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HK¨e× msMªvg cwiPvjbv Kivi Avnevb Rvbvb|

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Zvnv‡`i AwaKvi Av`v‡qi Rb¨ HK¨e× nBqv‡Q| ev½vjx m¦v‡_©i cÖ‡kœ

Av‡cvl Kivi w`b Pwjqv wMqv‡Q|

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gvIjvbv mv‡ne c~e© evsjvi †Kvb welq m¤úwË bó bv Kivi

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nZ¨v Kivi wb›`v K‡ib|

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wk‡ivbv‡g wbæwjwLZ msev` cÖKvwkZ nq t

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14B gvP© Zvwi‡L AvRv` cwÎKvq wbæwjwLZ msev` fvl¨ cÖKvwkZ nq t

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7 †KvwU evOvjx †hLvb nB‡Z AvR wb‡`©k Mªnb K‡i

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nvRvi †PvL ivOvbx m‡Z¡I GB moK nB‡Z †h wb‡`©k Rvix nq

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†kL gywRe GLb evsjvi gyw³msMªv‡gi Rxeš— cÖZxK| GB Rb¨B

avbgwÛ¯’ †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi evmfeb GLb GKUy A‡NvwlZ miKvix

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evsjvi 7 †KvwU gvby‡li fvjevmvi iv‡R¨ GB evox GK Abb¨ gh©v`vq

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wmGmwcÕiv ‡kL gywR‡ei wb‡`©k cvjb Kwi‡eb

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mwgwZ `yBwUi m`m¨MY Zvnv‡`i GKw`‡bi ‡eZb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi

mvnvh¨ Znwe‡j cÖ`v‡biI wm×vš— Kwiqv‡Qb|ÕÕ

15B gv‡P©i B‡Ëdv‡K ÔAmn‡hvM Pwj‡e me©mvavi‡Yi cÖwZ †kL

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exiZ¡c~Y© msMªvg AvMvBqv Pwjqv‡Q| mgMª we‡k¦ hvnviv gyw³Kvgx Ges

gyw³i Rb¨B msMªvg Kwiqv Pwjqv‡Q Zvnviv Avgv‡`i `vex‡K Zvnv‡`i

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Zvnvw`M‡K chy©`¯— Kwiqv‡Q| miKvix PvKz‡i, Awdm I KviLvbvi

120

kÖwgK, K…lK I QvÎmn evsjv‡`‡ki me©¯—‡ii RbMY AKzÚwP‡Ë

RvbvBqv w`qv‡Q †h, Zvnviv AvZ¥mgc©Y A‡c¶v AvZ¥ewj`v‡b cÖwZÁv

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e¨w³ mvgwiK AvBb wb‡`©k Rvix Kwiqv †emvgwiK Kg©Pvix‡`i GK

Ask‡K `gvBqv w`‡Z Pvwn‡Z‡Qb| wKš‘, AvR HK¨eÜ Avcvgi RbMY

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Kiv nB‡e| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³i AvKvsLv‡K wbg©~j Kiv hvB‡e bv|

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00 e›`i (Avf¨š—ixY b`x e›`i mn) t e›`i mg~‡n cvBj†UR

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MZvqvZ I im` mieiv‡ni mn‡hvwMZv Kiv Pwj‡e bv| evsjv‡`‡ki

122

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123

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124

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125

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126

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127

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`y¯K…wZKvix RbZvi msMªvg‡K evbPv‡ji cÖqvm cvB‡Z‡Q| wZwb

msMªvgx RbZvi weRq m~wPZ bv nIqv ch©š— Bnv‡`i ZrciZv m¤ú‡K©

mZK© _vKvi Rb¨ Avnevb Rvbvb| e½eÜy `„ß K‡Ú †Nvlbv K‡ib,

Avgiv KvnviI Dci AZ¨vPvi Kwi‡Z Pvwnbv| wKš‘ †Kn hw` Avgv‡`i

Dci AZ¨vPvi wbh©vZb Kwi‡Z †Póv K‡i Z‡e AvgivI Zvnv‡K mn‡R

Qvwoqv w`e bv| wZwb AviI e‡jb, evsjvi 7†KvwU gvbyl Zvnv‡`i

fwel¨Z eskaiMY hvnv‡Z m¦vaxb †`‡ki bvMwiK wnmv‡e emevm

Kwi‡Z cv‡ib, Zvnvi Rb¨ †h ‡Kvb Pig Z¨vM m¦xKvi Kwi‡Z cÖ¯—yZ

iwnqv‡Q| wZwb evsjvi cÖwZwU M„n‡K GKwU `y‡f©`¨ `yM© wnmv‡e Mwoqv

128

†Zvjvi Rb¨ Rbmvai‡Yi cÖwZ Avnevb Rvbvb| GB Dcj‡¶¨ mv‡eK

Qv·bZv Rbve †Zvdv‡qj Avng`I e³„Zv K‡ib|

e½eÜyi fvl‡Yi ci †cÖm Kg©PvwiMY †kvfvhvÎv Kwiqv

†K›`ªxq knx` wgbv‡i Mgb K‡ib Ges Z_vq Zvnviv kc_ Mªnb

K‡ib|

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RvZxq wkwcs K‡c©v‡ik‡bi RvnvR ÔÔ‡mvqvZÕÕ GKkZ 80 Ub

A¯¿k¯¿ I †Mvjvevi“` wbqv MZ g½jevi 16 bs †RwU‡Z wfwoqv‡Q,

Z‡e GLbI, Dnv Lvjvm Kiv nq bvB| Abyiƒc A¯¿k‡¯¿i 3621wU

c¨v‡KU wbqv ÔÔIm¨vb GÛi¨vÝÕÕ RvnvR 10bs †RwU‡Z wfwoqv‡Q,

wKš‘ Dnv GLbI Lvjvm Kiv nq bvB ewjqv Rvbv wMqv‡Q|

15B gvP© Zvwi‡Li AvRv` cwÎKvq wbæwjwLZ msev` fvl¨

cÖKvwkZ nq t

AvRv`

evsjvi gvbyl ïay e½eÜyi wb‡`©kB Mªnb Kwi‡e

(óvd wi‡cvU©vi)

m¦vaxb evsjv †K›`ªxq QvÎ msMªvg cwil‡`i Avnev‡b MZKvj

†mvgevi evqZyj †gvKviig cÖv½‡Y AbywôZ GK weivU mgv‡e‡k 115

bs mvgwiK AvB‡b wb‡`©k‡K N„Yvf‡i cÖZ¨vLvb c~e©K †Nvlbv Kiv nq

†h, evsjvi gvbyl GLb e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb e¨wZZ Aci

KvnviI wb‡`©k gvwbqv Pwj‡e bv| mevB gyûg©yû KiZvwji g‡a¨ cÖZ¨¶

Awfhvb ïi“ Kivi K_v †Nvlbv Kiv nq|

msMªvg cwil‡`i Ab¨Zg m`m¨ QvÎjxM mfvcwZ Rbve by‡i

Avjg wmwÏKxi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ AbywôZ Rbmgv‡e‡k M„nxZ GK cÖ¯—v‡e

cwðg cvwK¯—vb nB‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖwiZ mKj ‰mb¨‡K Awej‡¤¦

wdivBqv jBqv hvIqvi Rb¨ eZ©gvb evsjv‡`k mdiiZ †cÖwm‡W›U

Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi wbKU `vex Rvbvb nq| mevB m¦vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡bi

ch©vqwfwËK Kg©m~Px e¨vL¨v Kwiqv e³„Zv K‡ib

ÔÔm¦vaxb evsjv †K›`ªxq QvÎ msMªvg cwil‡`iÕÕ m`m¨ Av kg

Avãyi ie, kvnRvnvb wmivR I Avãyj KzÏym gvLb|

129

Rbve Avkg Avãyi ie weMZ `yB mßv‡n †mbv evwnbx KZ„©K

evsjv‡`‡ki XvKv, ivRkvnx, iscyi, h‡kvi I Lyjbvi AMwYZ wbi¯¿

RbZv‡K nZ¨vi K_v D‡j−L K‡ib Ges myk„•Lj I msNe×fv‡e kΓi

wei“‡× Awfhvb PvjvBevi Rb¨ evOvjx gyw³‡hv×v‡`i cÖwZ AvnŸvb

Rvbvb| wZwb e‡jb †h, GBme nZ¨vKvix `‡ji PjvP‡ji c_ eÜ

Kwiqv w`qv Zvnviv hvnv‡Z G‡`‡ki Lv`¨ m¤¢vi msMªn Kwi‡Z bv cv‡i,

†m m¤ú‡K© Kvh©Kix e¨e¯’v gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Mªnb Kwi‡Z nB‡e|

Rbve ie e‡jb, ÔÔ miKvi KZ„©K evsjv‡`k‡K wf‡qZbvg,

jvIm, K‡¤¦vwWqv Avi wn‡ivwkgvq cwiYZ Kivi ûgwKi `uvZ fv½v

Reve `v‡bi Rb¨ evsjvi gvbyl me©`vB cÖ¯—yZ iwnqv‡Q|

Rbve ie eZ©gv‡b QywU‡fvMiZ evOvjx ‰mb¨‡`i Zvnv‡`i

Kv‡h© cybivq †hvM`vb nB‡Z weiZ _vKvi Avnevb Rvbvb| wZwb wbixn

RbM‡Yi m¤úwË jyÚbKvix `y¯K…wZKvix‡`i ZrciZv cÖwZnZ Kivi

Rb¨ RbM‡Yi cÖwZ Avnevb Rvbvb| Rbve ie e‡jb †h, m¦vaxb

evsjv‡`k Kv‡qg nB‡j G‡`‡ki ey‡K hvnv‡Z evOvjx 22 cwiev‡ii

Rb¥ nB‡Z bv cv‡i †mw`‡K Zvnviv mRvM `„wó ivwL‡eb|

wZwb kΓPµ‡`i m¤ú‡K© mZK© _vKvi Rb¨ gyw³ msMªvgx‡`i

Avnevb Rvbvb|

wZwb QvÎ msMªvg cwil‡`i bv‡g f~qv Puv`v Av`vqKvix‡`i

cywj‡ki nv‡Z †mvc`© A_ev mv‡R©›U Rûi“j nK n‡ji ( BKevj nj)

K‡›Uªvj i“‡g awiqv jBqv hvIqvi wb‡`©k `vb K‡ib|

Rbve ie e‡jb †h, miKv‡ii †h KqwU A¯¿ †evSvB RvnvR

PÆMªvg e›`‡i wfwo‡Z e¨_© nBqv‡Q Zvnviv G¶‡Y Pvjbv I Lyjbvq

wfwoevi †Póv Kwi‡Z‡Q| D³ A¯¿ †evSvB RvnvR¸wj hvnv‡Z

evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb e›`‡i wfwo‡Z bv cv‡i †mw`‡K mZK© `„wó ivLvi

Rb¨ wZwb gyw³ msMªvgx‡`i cÖwZ AvnŸvb Rvbvb|

kvnRvnvb wmivR

msMªvg cwil‡`i Aci GK m`m¨ Rbve kvnRvnvb wmivR

eZ©gv‡b XvKv mdiiZ †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv‡K ‡mbvevwnbx cÖZ¨vnv‡ii

`vex Rvbvb|

wZwb e‡jb, e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb Awej‡¤¦B GKwU RvZxq

miKvi MVb Kwi‡eb ewjqv Avgiv Avkv Kwi|

Avãyj KzÏym gvLb

130

Rbve Avãyj KzÏym gvLb e‡jb, GK_v AZ¨š— ¯úó‡h, cwðg

cvwK¯—v‡b Ae¯’vbiZ miKv‡ii evsjv‡`‡ki †¶‡Î ‡Kvb AvBb Rvix

Kivi GLwZqvi bvB|

16B gv‡P©i B‡Ëdv‡K Ôm¦vwaKvi msMªvg I `ywU K_vÕ Ges Ôbvbv

cÖm½Õ wk‡ivbv‡g m¤úv`Kxq‡Z wb‡gœv³ gš—e¨ Kiv nq (AvswkK)t

RbZvi Kv‡djv AvMvBqv Pwjqv‡Q `„ß c`‡¶c| wbe©vP‡bvËi

Rxe‡b RvwZ hLb MYZ‡š¿ DËi‡Yi †mŠfvM¨ m~h©‡K Awfev`b

RvbvBevi Rb¨ cÖ¯—ywZ Mªnb Kwi‡Z‡Qb, wVK Zb¥yû‡Z© AKm¥vr Avevi

†`‡ki ivR‰bwZK fvM¨vKvk mgv”Qbœ nBqv wMqv‡Q ‡Nvi K…ò†g‡N|

cwðgv‡ji MYwe‡ivax kw³i Db¥y³ c`PviYvq RvwZ AvR †h

P¨v‡j‡Äi gy‡L wbw¶ß, evsjv‡`‡ki Avcvgi gvbyl Zv mvb›`wP‡Ë

gv_vq Zywjqv jBqv‡Q| wbe©vP‡bi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z Ges RbM‡Yi

m‡PZbZvi Afv‡e AZx‡Z †h wbq‡g RbMY‡K cv‡qi wb‡P `vevBqv

ivwLqv †`‡ki ey‡K †jŠn gvb‡ei kvmb I Kv‡qgx m¦v‡_©i †kvlb

Kv‡qg Kiv wMqv‡Q| wbe©vP‡bvËi m‡PZb Rbmgv‡R Gevi Zv Avi

KLbIB m¤¢e bq| AZx‡Z `vjvjÐ dwoqv †kÖYxi ivR‰bwZK

†b‡Z„‡Z¡ myweavev‡ai my‡hv‡M †`‡ki ivRbxwZ‡Z weåvwš— Ges RwUjZv

m„wói †h AeKvk wQj AvR Avi Zv bvB| KviY, wbe©vP‡bi ci

RbM‡Yi nBqv K_v ejvi A_ev RYM‡Yi msMªv‡g †bZ„Z¡ `v‡b mivmwi

AwaKvi eZ©vBqv‡Q GLb RbM‡Yi Av¯’vkxj Ges RbM‡Yi Øviv

wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa‡`i Dci |

m¦vwaKviKvgx RbMY Ges Zvi cÖwZc‡¶i AvwRKvi GB

Kb&d«‡›Uk‡bi mgMª evsjv‡`k AvR RbM‡Yi †lvjv Avbv mg_©b I

Avkxe©v`cyó GK ewjó †bZ„‡Z¡i wcQ‡b KvZvie›`x| RbMYB †`‡ki

mve©‡fŠg ¶gZvi AwaKvix, †`k Pwj‡e Zvnv‡`iB Bw½‡Z, `yBhyM ci

evsjvi gvbyl nv‡Z Kj‡g Gevi Zv GB mcÖgvwbZ Kwiqv‡Q|

Zvnv‡`iB kw³‡Z kw³gvb, Zvnv‡`iB e‡j ewjqvb nBqv RvZxq

cwil‡`i wbisKzk msL¨vMwiô †bZv †kL gywRei ingvb †h c_ wb‡`©k

w`‡Z‡Qb, miKvix †emiKvix me©gnjB mvb›`wP‡Ë Zvnv gvwbqv

jB‡Z‡Qb| †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii, GgbwK mvgwiK KZ„©c‡¶i wb‡`©wkZ

†Kvb c_B evsjvi gvbyl AvR Avi Pwj‡Z ivRx bq| GK K_vq

RbM‡Yi †bZv †kL gywR‡ei K_vB AvR Avi bv nB‡jI, evsjv‡`‡ki

†PŠnwÏi g‡a¨ m‡e©v”P AvBb|

131

e¯—yZt AvwRKvi GB Kb&d«‡›Uk‡bi †kl dj wK `uvovB‡e, †m

K_v eywS‡Z AvR Avi KvnviI Kó nBevi K_v bq| mv‡o 7 †KvwU

gvby‡li e³e¨B †kL mv‡n‡ei e³e¨; †kL mv‡n‡ei e³e¨ evsjvi

Avcvgi gvby‡liB e³e¨| Zvnv‡`i fvj g›` I fwel¨‡Zi `vwqZ¡ AvR

Zvnv‡`iB ¯‹‡Ü| wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g my¯úó ivq w`qvB RbMY †mB

`vwqZ¡& Zuvnvi ¯‹‡Ü b¨v¯— Kwiqv w`qv‡Qb|†m `vwqZ¡ wKfv‡e cvjb

Kwi‡eb, †Kvb c‡_ wKfv‡e, wZwb Awb”QyK nvZ nB‡Z RbM‡Yi

AwaKvi Av`vq Kwi‡eb, Zv ZvuiB we‡eP¨| RbM‡Yi †bZv wnmv‡e Zvui

f~wgKvi fvjg‡›`i Rb¨ GKgvÎ RbM‡Yi Kv‡QB wZwb `vqx _vwK‡eb|

mgv‡Ri Acivci mKj gn‡ji `vwq&Z¡ myk„sLjvi ga¨ w`qv †bZvi

wcQ‡b KvZvie›`x _vwKqv ÔAmy‡iiÕ wei“‡× ÔAmy‡iiÕ G msMªv‡g Zvui

n¯—‡K kw³kvjx Kiv|

bvbv cÖm½

e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb KiÐLvRbv e‡Üi †h wb‡`©k Rvwi

Kwiqv‡Qb, we¯—vwiZ e¨vL¨vi Afv‡e KLbI KLbI Zvnv AvIZv ewnf~©Z

†¶‡ÎI cÖhy³ nIqvi Awf‡hvM Avgiv cvB‡ZwQjvg|†kL mv‡nei

MZKj¨Kvi wb‡`©‡k Aek¨ Zvnv cwi¯‹vi nBqv hvIqvi K_v| wZwb

ewjqv‡Qb, GLb nB‡Z c~bivq wb‡`©k bv †`Iqv ch©š— Rwgi LvRbv,

je‡Yi Dci AveMvix Ki I KuvPv Zvgv‡Ki Ki Avi Av`vq Kiv

nB‡e bv Ges ZuvZxivI †Kvb AveMvix Ki bv w`qvB m~Zv µq Kwi‡Z

cvwi‡eb| Ab¨vb¨ hveZxq †K›`ªxq I cÖv‡`wkK Ki Av`vq w`‡Z

nB‡e, wKš‘ †m me †¶‡Î †K›`ªxq Ki eveZ hvnv Av`vq nB‡e Zvnv

Avi †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii G¨vKvD‡›U Rgv bv nBqv c~e© cvwK¯—vbx `yBwU

e¨v‡¼i Ôwe‡kl G¨vKvD‡›UÕ Rgv nB‡e| Avgiv g‡b Kwi, †kL mv‡n‡ei

GB wb‡`©‡ki ci KiÐLvRbv e‡Üi cÖ‡kœ KvnviI g‡b Avi

AvIZvNwUZ †Kvb mskq _vKv DwPZ bq|

0 0 0

GZw`‡b †`Lv †Mj cwðgv‡ji ewYK mgcÖ`v‡qi Avu‡Z Nv

jvwMqv‡Q| cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi †RŠjy‡mi cðv‡Z evsjvi gvby‡li

Ôi³RjKiv m¤ú‡`i Ae`vbB †h g~L¨, Zvnv GLb nv†Z Kj‡g

aiv cwo‡Z‡Q| Le‡i cÖKvk, cwðg cvwK¯—v‡b Drcvw`Z cY¨

evsjv‡`‡k cvVv‡bv m¤¢e bv nIqvq GB K‡qKw`‡bB †mLvbvi

KjÐKviLvbv¸wj eÜ nIqvi Dcµg nBqv‡Q| e¨vemvqx gnj Awej‡¤¦

ÔAPjve¯’vÕ `~ixKi‡Yi Rb¨ Pvc w`‡Z ïi“ Kwiqv‡Qb| evsjv‡`‡ki

evRvi Qvov cwðg cvwK¯—vb KZUv Amnvq Zvnvi cÖZ¨¶ cÖgvY

GZw`‡bB cvIqv hvB‡Z‡Q|

132

17B gvP© Zvwi‡Li AvRv` cwÎKvq wbæwjwLZ msev` cÖvKvwkZ nq t

AvRv` 17 gvP© 1971

XvKv nvB‡KvU© evi mwgwZ

e½eÜyi wb‡`©kB cvjb Kwi‡eb| (óvd wi‡cvU©vi)

XvKv nvB‡KvU© evi mwgwZ GK mfvq AvIqvgx jxM cÖavb

e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi †h †Kvb wm×vš— Avš—wiKZvi mwnZ

Mªnb Ges Zuvnvi eZ©gvb wb‡`©kmn A`~i fwel¨‡Z evOvjx RvwZi

D‡Ï‡k¨ RvixK…Z †h†Kvb wb‡`©k gvwbqv Pjvi me©m¤§Z wm×vš—

M„nxZ nq|

MZKj¨ g½jevi XvKv nvB‡KvU© evi mwgwZi mfvcwZ Rbve

Avmv`y¾vgvb Lv‡bi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ AbywôZ D³ mfvq evsjv‡`‡ki mv‡o

mvZ †KvwU gvby‡li m¦vwaKvi msMªv‡gi mwnZ GKvZ¥Zv †Nvlbv Kwiqv

e³„Zv K‡ib G¨vW‡fv‡KU †gvdvL&Lvi“j Bmjvg, bewbe©vwPZ RvZxq

cwil` m`m¨ G¨vW‡fv‡KU G,we,Gg byi“j Bmjvg, G¨vW‡fv‡KU

Avbmvi Avjx, G¨vW‡fv‡KU †Zvdv‡qj Avn‡¤§` I G¨vW‡fv‡KU

Gm,†K, Gm bex cÖgyL|

mfvq Av‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ G¨vW‡fv‡KU †Zvdv‡qj Avng` e‡jb

†h, wewfbœ gnj nB‡Z AvR e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi wb‡`©k I

`vex mgy‡ni †h fyj e¨vL¨v Kiv nB‡Z‡Q, AvBbRxex wnmv‡e

RbM‡Yi wbKU Zvnvi AvBbMZ e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Kiv Avï cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

†`Lv w`qv‡Q| GB cÖm‡½ wZwb AZ¨š— ¯úófv‡e e‡jb †h, ¶gZv

n¯—vš—‡ii cÖ‡kœ †Kvb AvBbMZ euvav bvB|

mfvcwZi fvl‡Y bewbe©vwPZ RvZxq cwil` m`m¨ Rbve

Avmv`y¾vgvb Lvb †h †Kvb Z¨v‡Mi wewbg‡q evsjvi gvby‡li m¦vaxbZv

Av‡›`vjb‡K Pyovš— j‡¶¨ jBqv hvIqvi Rb¨ cÖ‡`‡ki

AvBbRxex‡`i cÖwZ Avnevb Rvbvb|

mfvq M„nxZ KwZcq cÖ¯—v‡e e½eÜy †kL gywR‡ei wb‡`©‡ki

cÖwZ c~Y© mg_© Ávcb, evsjvi mv‡o mvZ †KvwU gvby‡li gyw³. msMªv‡gi

mwnZ GKvZ¥Zv †NvlYv I e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi 4 `dv c~i‡Y

†Rvi `vex Rvbvb nq|

mfvq M„nxZ GK we‡kl cÖ¯—v‡e MY Av‡›`vj‡b wbnZ exi

knx`†`i AvZ¥vicÖwZ kÖ×v Ávcb Ges knx`‡i ¶wZ Mª¯’ cwievie‡M©i

133

Rb¨ MwVZ AvIqvgx jxM mvnvh¨ Znwe‡j gy³ n‡¯— `vb Kivi Rb¨

cÖ‡`‡ki AvBbRxex‡`i cÖwZ Avnevb Rvbvb nq|

18 B gvP© Zvwi‡L AvRv` cwÎKvq wbæwjwLZ msev` msev` cÖKvwkZ nq t

AvRv`

18B gvP©, 1971

i‡³i A¶‡i Zviv ‡j‡L m¦vaxbZv

(ivRkvnx Awdm nB‡Z)

ivRkvnx 12 gvP©Ð weMZ 3iv gvP© ivRkvnx †Uwj‡dvb

Awd‡mi mvg‡b mvgwiK evwnbxi ¸wj‡Z AvnZ KwZcq e¨w³‡K

gymwjg Kgvwk©qvj e¨vs‡Ki eviv›`vq Rgv‡qZ Kwi‡j AvnZ‡`i g‡a¨

GKRb wb‡R i³ w`qv †`qv‡j wjwLqv‡Qb ÔÔ evsjv‡`k m¦vaxb Ki|ÕÕ

AvnZ‡`i i³ A¶‡i †`qv‡ji Mv‡q D³ †jLv †`wLevi Rb¨

cÖZ¨n nvRvi nvRvi †jv‡Ki fxo nq|

BóvY© e¨vw¼s K‡cv©‡ik‡b Ki Mªn‡Yi

e¨e¯’v

(óvd wi‡cvU©vi )

e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi wb‡`©k Abyhvqx BóvY© e¨vswKs

K‡c©v‡ik‡bi cÖ‡Z¨KwU kvLvq we‡kl G¨vKvD›U †Lvjv nBqv‡Q| GB

mg¯— G¨vKvD‡›U AveMvix Ki, ïéKi weµq Ki Ges Avg`vbx I

idZvbx Ki mn †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii mKj cÖKvi c‡iv¶ Ki Mªnb

Pwj‡Z‡Q| BóvY© e¨vw¼s K‡c©v‡ik‡bi GK †cÖm wiwj‡R Ki

`vZvMY‡K Ki Rgv †`Iqvi mgq ïé I AveMvix B݇c±‡ii mgw_©Z

I mxj‡gvniK…Z 5 Kwc Kwiqv ÔPvjvbÕ Rgv †`Iqvi Rb¨ Aby‡iva

Kiv nBqv‡Q|

19 gv‡P©i B‡Ëdv‡K ÔAvwg †kL gywRe ejwQt G MY

we‡ùviY †gwkbMv‡bI ¯—ä Kiv hvB‡e bv|Õ wk‡ivbv‡g wb‡æv³

msev` cÖKvwkZ nq t

e½eÜy †kL gywR‡ei avbgwÛ¯n evmfeb GLb gyw³Kvgx

RbZvi Zx_©†¶Î| m¦vaxKviKvgx evsjvi gvby‡li Amn‡hvM

134

Av‡›`vj‡bi avivµ‡g Avevj e„× ewbZv wbwe©‡k‡l mgv‡Ri me©ch©v‡qi

gvby‡li †mLv‡b †hb Xj bvwgqv‡Q| RvZxq Rxe‡b eZ©gvb

m¤KUÐmwÜж‡Y ivóªcÖavb †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv I RvZxq †bZv †kL

gwRei ingv‡bi g‡a¨ `yB `dv ‰eV‡Ki ci Z„Zxq ‰eV‡Ki †Kvb mgq

avh© bv nIqvq MYg‡b wKQyUv wRÁvm RvMvq MZKvj †fvi nB‡Z mܨv

ch©š— DrmyK RbZv cÖwZwbqZ fxo RgvB‡Z _v‡K †bZvi evmfe‡b|

kc_`xß QvÎ hyeK, bvm©, e¨vsK Kg©Pvix, bvwm©s ¯Kzj I K‡j‡Ri

QvÎx, UªvK WªvBfviÐÐ cÖf„wZ mgv‡Ri wewfbœ ¯—‡ii msMªvgx gvby‡li

wgwQj Avwmqv †bZvi cÖwZ AKzÚ Av¯nv Ávcb Kwiqv cÖwZ`v‡b Zvunvi

Avwk©ev` Kvgbv K‡i|

mvivw`b awiqv Avbv‡MvbvKvix we‡`kx mvsevw`K‡`i `„wó GBme

wgwQ‡ji cÖwZ AvKl©b Kwiqv †bZv Av‡eMfiv K‡Ú GK ch©v‡q e‡jb ;

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mfv I wgwQj

cÖvi‡¤¢ 4_© †kÖYx Kg©Pvix BDwbq‡bi D‡`¨‡M evqZyj

†gvKviig cÖv½‡Y Rbve byi Bmjv‡gi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ GK Rbmfv

AbywôZ nq| mfvq `„p AwfgZ †cvlb Kiv nq ‡h, Avi Av‡cv‡li

jvBb bq| weMZ K‡qKw`†b †mbvevwnbx KZ„©K cvBKvix nv‡i MYnZ¨v

Av‡cv‡li iv¯—v wPiZ‡i eÜ Kwiqv w`qv‡Q| †h‡Kvb Z¨v‡Mi wewbg‡q

evsjvi m¦vaxbZvKvgx gvbyl Av‡cvlKvgx‡`i lohš¿‡K cÖwZnZ

Kwi‡e|

mfvq e³„Zv K‡ib 4_© †kÖYx Kg©Pvix BDwbqb †bZv

AvjgMxi Kexi, Avãyj gvbœvb (BDwbqb m`m¨), AvwRR DwÏb, byi“j

Bmjvg I Avãyj gvbœvb (BDwbqb m¤úv`K) cÖgyL|

mfv‡k‡l we¶yä 4_© †kÖYx Kg©Pvix‡`i GK Ri“ix wgwQj ÔÔ

m¦vaxbZvi cÖ‡kœ Av‡cvl bqÕÕ ÔÔ m¦vaxbZvi msMªvg Pj‡eB Pj‡eÕÕ

cªf„wZ †k−vMvb mnKv‡i e½eÜyi evmfe‡b Mgb K‡i|

ÔAwnsmÐAmn‡hv‡Mi 19Zg w`em AwZevwnZÕ wk‡ivbv‡g AviI

GKwU msev` ‰`wbK B‡ËdvK cwÎKvq 21 †k gvP© Zvwi‡L cÖKvwkZ nqt (óvd

wi‡cvU©vi)

e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi Avnev‡b mviv evsjv‡`k

AwnsmÐAmn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi MZKvj (kwbevi 19Zg) w`em AwZevwnZ

nq| †h mKj Awdm †Lvjv ivLvi Rb¨ e½eÜy wb‡`©k `vb Kwiqv‡Qb,

†Kej H ¸wj Qvov Avi mKj miKvix, AvavÐmiKvix Ges

m¦vqZ¡kvwmZ cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©PvixMY AwdmÐAv`vjZ eR©b Kwiqv kvwš—

I myk„sLjfv‡e Awnsmv Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb PvjvBqv hvB‡Z‡Qb|

MZKvj weKv‡j †bŠevwnbxi mv‡eK ‰mwbK‡`i D‡`¨v‡M †K›`ªxq

knx` wgbv‡i GK mgv‡ek KgvÛvi ( AemicÖvß) Rbve Rqbvj

141

Av‡e`x‡bi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ AbywôZ nq| mfvq †bŠevwnbxi cÖv³b ‰mwbK

†gmvm© AvBqye †nv‡mb, Gg, G, †nv‡mb, †jt wmwÏKx cÖgyL e³„Zv

K‡ib| e³vMY evsjvi m¦vwaKvi i¶vi Rb¨ †mbvevwnbxi ev½vjx

‰mwbKMY‡KB †Kej evsjv‡`‡k wbhy³ ivLvi Rb¨ `vex Rvbvb| mfvq

M„nxZ GK cÖ¯—v‡e evsjv‡`k nB‡Z Awej‡¤¦ ‰mb¨ AcmviY Kivi

`vex Rvbvb nq| Aci GK cÖ¯—v‡e evsjvi Ôgyw³KvgxÕ gvby‡li mwnZ

mvwe©K mn‡hvwMZv Kivi Rb¨ †bŠ, wegvb I ¯’j evwnbxi cÖv³b

ev½vjx ‰mwbK‡`i cÖwZ Avnevb Rvbvb nq| BnvQvov, mfvq †bŠ, wegvb

Ges ¯’j evwnbxi cÖv³b ‰mwbK‡`i jBqv evsjv‡`‡k GKwU mshy³

gyw³ evwnbxi KgvÛ MV‡bi Rb¨ cÖv³b mKj ‰mwbK‡`i cÖwZ Avnevb

Rvbvb nq| mfvq XvKvmn evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b †mbvevwnbx KZ„©K

wbi¯¿ gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Kivi Zxeª wb›`v Kiv nq| mfv‡k‡l cÖv³b

†bŠÐ‰mwbK‡`i GK `xN© wgwQj wewfbœ c_ cwiµgb Kwiqv e½eÜyi

avbgwÛ¯’ evmfe‡b wMqv Zuvnvi mwnZ mv¶vr K‡ib Ges Zuvnvi

†bZ„‡Z¡ m¦vwaKvi cÖwZôvi Rb¨ †kl i³ we›`y `v‡bi cÖwZkª“wZ †`b|

(Amgvß)

22‡k gv‡P©i B‡Ëdv‡K ÔAv‡›`vjb Ae¨vnZ _vwK‡eÕ wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU

msev` cÖKvwkZ nq t

MZKvj (iweevi) weKv‡j †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi avbgÛx¯’

evmfe‡bi m¤§y‡L mg‡eZ GK weivU RbZvi D‡Ï‡k¨ fvlY`vbKv‡j

†kL gywRe e‡jb †h, evsjv ‡`‡ki mvo 7 †KvwU gvby‡li AwaKvi

cÖwZwôZ bv nIqv ch©š— kvwš—c~Y© AwnsmÐAmn‡hvM Av‡›`vjZ Ae¨vnZ

_vwK‡e|

‡kL gywRe e‡jb, bxwZi cÖ‡kœ †KvbB Av‡cvl bvB Ges

Avgv‡`i fywgKv AZ¨š— cwi®‹vi| wZwb RbmvaviY‡K `vex Av`v‡qi

Rb¨ Pyovš— Z¨vM m¦xKv‡i cÖ¯—yZ _vKvi Avnevb Rvbvb|†kL mv‡ne

RbM‡Yi gyw³ AwR©Z bv nIqv ch©š— kvwš—c~Y© Av‡›`vjb Ae¨vnZ

ivLvi Avnevb RvbvBqv e‡jb †h, ey‡jUІe‡q‡bUØviv KLbI mv‡o

7 †KvwU ev½vjxi `vex‡K ¯—ä Kiv hvB‡e bv| wZwb e‡jb, knx‡`i

i³ `vb e„_v hvB‡e bv Ges RbM‡Yi Pyovš— weRq Aek¨B nB‡e|

‡kL gywRe e‡jb, Avgiv eû i³ w`qvwQ Ges cÖ‡qvRb nB‡j

AviI Z¨vM m¦xKvi Kwiqv AwaKvi cÖwZôv Kwie| evsjv‡`k‡K AviI

K‡jvbx I evRvi ivLv hvB‡e bv|wZwb ¸Re I we‡f` m„wóKvix‡`i

m¤ú‡K© mZK© _vwKqv Av‡›`vjb Ae¨vnZ ivLvi Avnevb Rvbvb| wZwb

e‡jb †h, myk„sLj I HK¨e× msMªvg Aek¨B mvdj¨ gwÛZ nB‡e|

142

mvivw`bB †kL mv‡n‡ei evmvq eû wgwQj AvMgb K‡i|

22‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L B‡ËdvKmn msev`cÎmg~n Ôevsjvi m¦vwaKviÕ bv‡g

GKwU we‡kl msL¨v cÖKvk K‡i| B‡Ëdv‡Ki we‡kl msL¨vq Be‡b Avbmvi Ô†kL

gywRe evsjv‡`‡k me©gq ¶gZvi AwaKvixÕ wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU cÖeÜ †j‡Lb

| Bnv wbæiƒc t

Awnsm I Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi mvdj¨gq 14k w`‡bi GB

Avb›`c~Y© gyû‡Z© GKwU fvl¨ cÖ`vb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb hv‡Z NUbv¸‡jv

GKwU h_vh_ `„wó‡Kv‡b AvYqb Kiv hvq| MZ c¶Kv‡ji g‡a¨ †h me

Kvh©µg AbywôZ n‡q‡Q, Zv‡Z ivR‰bwZK `„k¨c‡Ui Avg~j cwieZ©b

N‡U‡Q Ges m¦vwaKvi Av‡›`vj‡bi Rb¨ bZyb w`Mš— D‡b¥vPb K‡i‡Q

Ges mv‡o 7 †KvwU Awaevmx Aa~y¨wlZ we‡k¦i GB As‡ki kvwš— I

¯’vwq‡Z¡i cÖwZ ûgwK cÖ`vb K‡i Avš—t AvÂwjK m¤ú‡K©i e¨vcv‡i Avi

GK avc bZyb AebwZi m~Pbv K‡i‡Q|

GB weivU ivR‰bwZK Av‡›`vj‡bi HwZnvwmK Zvrch© GB

NUbvµ‡gi g‡a¨ wbwnZ †h, Bmjvgvev‡` Aew¯’Z GKwU `~iwaMg¨

cÖwZwbwaZ¡nxb miKv‡ii KvQ †_‡K ew›`Z¡ I `vm‡Z¡i wbMo †_‡K|

ivR‰bwZK gyw³i Rb¨ GUv n‡jv GKwU Pig ivR‰bwZK msMªvg| GKwU

m¤ú~Y© GK c¶Kvj hver Bmjvgvev‡` Aew¯’Z miKv‡ii

Av‡`kÐwb‡`©k †KejgvÎ K¨v›Ub‡g›U¸‡jv e¨ZxZ c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi

†Kv_vI KvR K‡iwb|

Gj, A‡cb‡nwqb Zuvi weL¨vZ ÔÔAvš—Rv©wZK AvBbÕÕ bvgK cy¯—

‡K mve©‡fŠgZ¡‡K m‡e©v”P KZ©„c¶ wnmv‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb Ges †mB

mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡ †hЇKvb cvw_©e ¶gZv †_‡K m¤ú~Y© m¦vaxb| mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i

GB mve©Rbxb m¦¦xK…wZ e¨vL¨vi e‡j †kL gywRei ingvb MZ 14w`b

hver c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi mv‡o 7 †KvwU RbM‡Yi me©gq ¶gZvi

AwaKvix|

‡kL gywReyi ingvb RbM‡Yi KvQ †_‡K ‰eafv‡e cÖvß m‡e©v”P

¶gZv AvBbvbyMfv‡eB cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Qb| c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi RbM‡Yi

mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i AvBbZt Aby‡gv`b wZwb GB Kvi‡Y cÖv_©Yv K‡ib wb

†h, wZwb GL‡bv ch©š— Avkv K‡ib Ges Avš—wiKZvi m‡½ †Póv

K‡i‡Qb hv‡Z GKwU †hŠ_ kvmb e¨e¯’vi Aax‡b mve©‡fŠg Askx`vi

wnmv‡e AÂj `yÕ‡Uv mn Ae¯’vb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

143

mvgwiK Kg©Pvixe„›` KZ„©K kvwmZ n‡e Ggb cvwK¯—v‡bi

Rb¨ RbMY msMªvg K‡iwb Ges c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi e¨vcv‡i cwiw¯’wZwU

Av‡iv †ekx AvcwËRbK| †Kbbv, AwaKvsk mvgwiK Kg©PvixivB GB

†`‡ki mš—vb bb| AvR‡Ki cvwK¯—vb mk¯¿ evwnbxi cªavbZt cwðg

cvwK¯—vbx‡`i ØvivB MwVZ|

‡cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi GLb wbRm¦ †Kvb cQ›`ÐAcQ›`

†bB| nq Zv‡K ivóªxq kvmb e¨e¯’v A¶~Yœ ivL‡Z n‡e, wew”QbœZvi

nvZ †_‡K †`k i¶v Ki‡Z n‡e A_ev mshy³ cvwK¯—v‡bi me©†kl

‡cÖwm‡W›U wnmv‡e BwZnv‡mi cvZvq bvg †jLv‡Z n‡e| ev¯—weK c‡¶B

mgq AwZevwnZ n‡q hv‡”Q Ges e›`yK ev †eq‡bU bq, †KejgvÎ

`~i`„wó I ivR‰bwZK cÖÁvB ivóªxq e¨e¯’v A¶yYœ ivL‡Z cv‡i| hw`

BwZnv‡mi cUf~wg‡Z wZwb Avš—t AvÂwjK m¤ú‡K©i w`‡K `„wócvZ

K‡ib Zv n‡j GKgvÎ wZwbB gnvb `~i`„wó I D”P ivR‰bwZK cÖÁv

cÖ`k©‡b m¶g nB‡eb hv GB msKU wbimb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

GB ivR‰bwZK wbcxob ZLbB m‡e©v”P ch©v‡q DcbxZ nq hLb

c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi me©vwaK RbwcÖq †bZv dRjyj nK I †mvnivIqv`x©i

†hvM¨ DËivwaKvi †kL gywRei ingvb‡K Kvivš—iv‡j _vKvKv‡j

Z_vKw_Z AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi GK b¤¦i Avmvgx Kiv nq|

GB mg‡qi g‡a¨ eû †bZv, RvbvÐARvbv QvÎ I kÖwgKiv

i³cvZ K‡i‡Qb Ges Kviv`Û †fvM K‡i‡Qb| GB me eQ‡i cÖù

ywUZ †hŠe‡b ¯¿xÐcy‡Îi †cÖg I †mœnÐewÂZ Zviv KvivcÖvPx‡ii

wbtm½ cÖ‡Kv‡ô w`b KvwUqv‡Qb| Zvunv‡`i wbtm½Zvq wbh©vZb I

jvÂbv 7g m¦M© Øv‡i ‡cŠuQ‡Z cvi‡Zv, wKš‘ AvBqye Kv‡b Zv

†cŠuQvqwb|

gywRe ebvg fy‡Æv

BwZnv‡mi cUf~wg‡Z †kL gywReyi ingvb Ges RyjwdKvi Avjx

fy‡Ævi ivR‰bwZK †bZ„‡Z¡i g‡a¨ †gŠj ¸YMZ cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| fy‡Æv

`xN© AvU ermiKvj AvBqye Lv‡bi K¨vweZuvi mvsMVwbK cÖwZfv

m‡e©vcwi Zvi wbtm¦v_©Zv I Amg mvnm Zuv‡K Zuvi mgqKv‡ji

Kvwnbxi bvqK K‡i M‡o Zy‡j‡Q| Zuvi RbM‡Yi m¦vwaKv‡ii Rb¨ wZwb

üó g‡b †h kvwiixK wbh©vZb †fvM K‡i‡Qb ZvB Zuv‡K `vb K‡i‡Q|

Acwimxg AvZ¥xK kw³ | mwZ¨Kvi mvaycyi“l g¨v_y¨ e‡j‡Qb, ÔÔmZ¨

Kvi‡Yi Rb¨ hviv wbh©vZb †fvM K‡i ZvivB †mŠfvM¨evb|ÕÕ

144

23‡k gv‡P©i B‡Ëdv‡K ÔAvR †_‡K Avgiv Avi cÖv³b bB ÐÕ

wk‡ivbv‡g wbæwjwLZ msev` cÖKvwkZ nqt

‡bZv I RbZvi mwnZ GKvZ¥Zv †Nvlbv cÖm‡½ AemicÖvß

‰mwbK, bvweK I ‰egvwbKMY|

wegvb, †bŠ Ges ¯’j evwnbxi cÖv³b ‰mwbKMY e½eÜy †kL

gywReyi ingv‡bi Kg©m~Px‡K me©vZ¥Kfv‡e mdj Kwiqv †Zvjvi Rb¨

MZKvj (‡mvgevi) kc_ Mªnb Kwiqv‡Qb| MZKvj weKv‡j evqZyj

†gvKviig cÖv½‡bi Av‡qvwRZ wegvb, †bŠ Ges ¯’j evwnbxi cÖv³b

‰mwbK‡`i GK mw¤§wjZ mgv‡e‡k evsjv‡`‡ki mKj AemicÖvß

‰mwbK‡K wbR wbR GjvKvi AvIqvgx jxM msMªvg cwil` Ges

†m¦”Qv‡meK‡`i mwnZ mn‡hvwMZv Kwiqv e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi

Awnsm Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb‡K mdj Kwiqv †Zvjvi e¨vcv‡i AvZ¥wb‡qvM

Kivi Rb¨ Avnevb Rvbvb nq|

AemicÖvß †gRi †Rbv‡ij Rbve Gg, AvB, gwR‡`i

mfvcwZ‡Z¡ AbywôZ GB mgv‡e‡k K‡Y©j (AemicÖvß) ImgvYx,

KgvÛvi Av‡e`xb, Gg, G, †nv‡mb, gvngy` bex cÖgyL m¦vwaKvi

msMªv‡gi cÖwZ mg_©b RvbvBqv fvlY `vb K‡ib|

mfvi e³v mv‡eK ‰mwbKMY e‡jb †h, e½eÜyi †bZ„‡Z¡

evsjv‡`k AvR †h Af~Zc~e© HK¨ Mwoqv DwVqv‡Q, Bnv†Z cÖv³b

‰mwbKMY Avi cÖv³b wnmv‡e ewmqv _vwK‡Z cv‡ib bv| Zvnviv AviI

e‡jb †h, `xN©w`b mvgwiK evwnbx‡Z PvKzix Kwiqv Zvnviv †h

AwfÁZv AR©b Kwiqv‡Qb Zvnv evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU g~j¨evb m¤ú`|

e½eÜyi †bZ„‡Z¡ m¦vwaKvi AR©‡bi Rb¨ Zvnv‡`i GB m¤ú` Kv‡R

jvMv‡bvi w`b Avwmqv‡Q ewjqv Zvnviv D‡j−L K‡ib| Zuvnviv Zuvnv‡`i

AwfÁZv‡K RbmvaviY‡K cÖ¯—yZ Ges myk„sLj Kwiqv Mwoqv †Zvjvi

e¨vcv‡i wb‡qvwRZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖv³b ‰mwbK‡`i cÖwZ Avnevb Rvbvb

nq| D‡j−L¨ e½eÜyi Awnsm Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi mwnZ GKvZ¥Zv

†Nvlbv Kwiqv AviI e‡jb †h, fwel¨‡Z e½eÜy hLb †Kvb Kv‡R

Zvnvw`M‡K WvwK‡eb, Dnv‡Z mvov †`Iqvi Rb¨ Zuvnviv cÖ¯—yZ|

Zuvnviv j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ †`‡ki Af¨š—‡i kvwš—Ðk„sLjv Ges

mv¤cÖ`vwqK m¤cÖxwZ i¶v Ges Drcv`b e¨e¯’v Ae¨vnZ ivLvi Rb¨

mK‡ji cÖwZ Avnevb Rvbvb| D‡j−L‡hvM¨ †h, RvwZi GB µvwš—j‡Mœ

cÖv³b ‰mwbK‡`i K_v ïwbevi Rb¨ evqZyj †gvKviig cÖv½‡Y wecyj

RbmgvMg nq| RbmvaviY gv‡S gv‡S nl©aŸwY Ges KiZvwj w`qv

Zuvnv‡`i e³‡e¨i cÖwZ mg_©b Rvbvb| mfv‡k‡l Zvunviv wgwQj evwni

145

K‡ib| wgwQjwU evqZyj †gvKviig cÖv½Y nB‡Z iIqvbv w`qv †K›`ªxq

knx` wgbv‡i Mgb K‡i| Zuvnviv fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi exi knx`v‡bi

D‡Ï‡k¨ knx` wgbv‡i c~Y© mvgwiK gh©v`v mnKv‡i cy®úgvj¨ Ac©Y

K‡ib| Bnvi ci Zvnviv KzPKvIqvR mnKv‡i e½eÜyi avbgÛx¯’

evmfe‡b Mgb Kwiqv Zuvnvi mwnZ mv¶vr K‡ib| ‰mwbK‡`i wgwQ‡ji

c~‡ivfv‡M wQ‡jb mv‡eK ‡gRi †Rbv‡ij Gg, AvB, gwR` Ges

K‡Y©j Imgvbx| evqZyj †gvKviig nB‡Z ïi“ Kwiqv e½eÜyi

avbgÛx¯’ evmfeb ch©š— mvivwU c‡_ Zvunviv iv¯—vi `yB cv‡k¦©i

D‡ØwjZ RbZvB nl©awb Ges KiZvwj jvf K‡ib|

Ô7†KvwU gvbyl hLb HK¨e× nBqv‡Q ZLb `vex Av`vq Kwiqv

QvwoeÕÕ wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU msev` cÖKvwkZ nq t

MZKvj (‡mvgevi) m¦xq evmfe‡bi m¤§y‡L Rgv‡qZ wecyj

RbZvi D‡Ï‡k¨ fvlY`vbKv‡j AvIqvgx jxM cÖavb †kL gywReyi

ingvb `„ß K‡Ú †NvlYv K‡ibt 7 †KvwU gvby‡li gyw³ bv nIqv ch©š—

msMªvg Ae¨vnZ _vwK‡e| Avgiv wbðqB Rqjvf Kwie; e›`yK, Kvgvb,

‡gwkbMvb wKQyB Rbmvavi‡Yi gyw³ †iva Kwi‡Z cvwi‡e bv| †kL

gywRe 7†KvwU ev½vjxi gyw³ AwR©Z bv nIqv ch©š— †hЇKvb Z¨vM

m¦xKv‡i cÖ¯—yZ _vwK‡Z Rbmvavi‡Yi cÖwZ Avnevb Rvbvb nq|

MZKvj mKvj nB‡ZB AmsL¨ wgwQj †kL gywR‡ei evmfe‡b

G‡Ki ci GK Avwm‡Z _v‡K Ges evi eviB †kL gywRe †kvfvhvGx‡`i

D‡Ï‡k¨ msw¶ß fvlY`vb K‡ib| cÖ‡Z¨KwU wgwQjB RbZvi AwaKvi

Av`v‡qi `„ß kc‡_ gyLi wQj|

e³„Zv cÖm‡½ †kL gywRe k„sLjv c~Y© cwi‡e†k Av‡›`vjb

PvjvBqv hvIqvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi Dci ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc Kwiqv e‡jb

†h, k„sLjve× msMªvg e¨vwZ‡i‡K Pyovš— weRq AR©b m¤¢e bq| wZwb

e‡jb, hvnviv evox evox ‡Rvi Kwiqv Pvu`v Av`vq Kwiqv †eovq

Zvnv‡`i GB KvR‡K ¸Ûvgx Qvov Avi wKQyB ejv hvq bv|

‡kL gywRe e‡jb t 7 †KvwU gvbyl hLb HK¨e× nBqv‡Q,

ZLb Avwg Aek¨B `vex Av`vq Kwiqv Qvwoe| 23 ermi gvi LvBqvwQ,

Avi gvi LvB‡Z ivRx bB| knx`‡`i i³ e„_v hvB‡Z †`Iqv nB‡e

bv; cÖ‡qvRb nB‡j AviI i³ w`e| wKš‘ Gevi my‡`ÐAvm‡j evsjvi

`vex Av`vq Kwiqv Avwbe| evsjv‡`k‡K Avi K‡jvbx I evRvi Kwiqv

ivLv hvB‡e bv| m‡Z¨i Rb¨ Avgiv msMªvg Kwi‡ZwQ; Rq Avgv‡`i

Aek¨B nB‡e|

146

‡kL gywRe `vex Av`v‡qi Rb¨ †hЇKvb Z¨vM m¦xKv‡i cÖ¯—yZ

_vKvi Avnevb Rvbvb| †kL gywRe e‡jb †h, †`‡k RbM‡Yi miKvi

Kv‡qg nB‡j Ab¨vqfv‡e Kvnv‡KI AvUK ivLv nB‡e bv|.

ZvnvQvov, 23 gv‡P©i B‡Ëdv‡K QvÎ msMªvg cwil‡`i cwiKwíZ evsjv‡`‡ki

cZvKvi GKwU Qwe gyw`ÖZ nq|

24‡k gvP© B‡Ëdv‡K Ô71 Gi 23‡k gv‡P©i myi Avgiv

ï‡bwQ H, gv‰ft gv‰ft gv‰ft wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU msev` cÖKvwkZ nq t

(óvd wi‡cvU©vi)

we¶yä evsjvi ey‡K Awnsm Amn‡hvM Av‡›`v‡ji DËvj Zi‡½i

AvNv‡Z AvNv‡Z HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cÖ¯—ve Mªn‡Yi m¥viK w`em 23‡k

gvP© MZKvj (g½jevi) wPivPwiZ AvbyôvwbKZvq Avi cvwjZ nq

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148

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150

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159

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(Avdmvb †PŠayix t evsjv†`k 1971 4_© LÛ, c„t 350)t

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ej‡jb, hv‡Z Avwg ïb‡Z cvB| ej‡jb, AvB n¨vf wM‡fb BD

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GUv KqUvi mgq ?

AvUUvi w`‡K nIqvi K_v|ÕÕ

160

hZ`~i Rvbv hvq Bqvwnqv Lvb KivwP wegvb e›`‡i AeZi‡Yi Av‡MB wbw`©ó mg‡qi

†ek wKQy c~‡e© ÔOperation search lightÕ Avi¤¢ nq| ivZ 12 Uvi w`‡K †kL gywR‡ei

avbgwÛ¯’ 32 bs †iv‡Wi evm fe‡b mvgwiK evwnbx Dcw¯’Z nBqv cÖ_‡gB Zuvnvi

wØZj fe‡bi DÇxqgvb evsjv‡`k cZvKvi Dci kZ kZ ivDÛ ¸wj wb‡¶c K‡i|

Zrci †kL gywRe‡K †MªdZvi Kwiqv K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U jBqv hvIqv nq| ZLbI ey‡j‡Ui

AvNv‡Z ¶Z we¶Z evsjv‡`‡ki cZvKv weeY© Ae¯’vq Sywj‡ZwQj|

AZtci, 25‡k gvP© w`evMZ iv‡Î wKfv‡e m¦vaxbZvi †NvlYv nBj Ges †kL

gywRe wKfv‡e †MªdZvi nB‡jb Zvnv wmwÏK mvwjK wjwLZ ‘Witness to surrender’ cy¯—

K nB‡Z eY©bv Kiv nBqv‡Q| †mB iv‡Î XvKv kn‡ii Ae¯’v wK wQj Zvnv Simon

Dring Gi cÖwZ‡e`b gvidZ Rvbv hvB‡e|

wmwÏK mvwjK KZ„©K wjwLZ ÔWitness to Surrender’ cy¯—KwU cÖvPxb‡Z¡i `vex

Kwi‡Z cv‡i| wmwÏK mvwjK cÖ_g Rxe‡b K‡j‡Ri cÖfvlK wQ‡jb| Zrci, mvsevw`K

†ckv Mªnb K‡ib| AZtci, cvwK¯—vb †mbv evwnbx‡Z Public Relations Officer wnmv‡e

†hvM`vb K‡ib| wZwb hy×Kvjxb c~Y© mgq evsjv‡`†k Ae¯’vb KwiqvwQ‡jb| Zrci

hy×e›`x wnmv‡e `yB ermi wZwb fvi‡Z Ae¯’vb K‡ib| GB cy¯—KwU Oxford

University Press, Karachi, 1977 m‡b cÖ_g cÖKvk K‡i|

cy¯—KwUi eY©bv `„‡ó cÖwZqgvb nq †h 1971 m‡bi †deªyªyqvix gv‡mi †kl

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nq| †kL gywRe ‘non-violent non cooperation movement’ Avi¤¢ K‡ib Ges

cÖ_‡gB XvKv¯’ wcAvBGi evOvwj Kg©PvixMY Zvnv‡`i KvR eÜ Kwiqv †`q| †kL

gywRe c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi ‘absolute ruler’ G cwiYZ nb|

c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© h_vh_ ivR‰bwZK c`‡¶c jBevi cª‡kœ

Bqvwnqv Lvb e‡jb †h ‘I have to think of my base. I have to think of West Pakstan.

I cannot destroy my base.’ cÖZxqgvb nq †h Zvnvi West Pakistan base wVK ivwL‡Z

wMqv wZwb cvwK¯—vb aŸsm K‡ib|

161

7B gv‡P©i mKvj †ejv cvwK¯—vb¯’ hy³iv‡óªi ivóª`~Z wg dvi&j¨vÛ †kL

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Z¨vM K‡ib| ivZ 1 Uvi g‡a¨ wZwb KivPx †cŠQ‡eb GB wnmv‡e ‘Operation

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w`evMZ iv‡Î AbywôZ MYnZ¨vi mv¶x|

162

wmwÏK mvwj‡Ki fvlvq mvgwiK Awfhvb I †kL gywR‡ei †MªdZvi GBfv‡e

Avi¤¢ nq ( Witness to Surrender, P-75) :

Ô Thus the action had started before schedule. There was no point now in

sticking to the prescribed H-hour. The gates of hell had been cast open.

When the first shot had been fired, ‘the voice of Sheikh Mujibur Rehman

came faintly through on a wavelength close to that of the official Pakistan

Radio. In what must have been, and sounded like, a pre-recorded message,

the Sheikh proclaimed East Pakistan to be the People’s Republic of Bangla

Desh.

The full text of the proclamation is published in Bangla Desh

Documents released by the Indian Foreign Minstry. It said, ‘ This may be

my last mesage. From today Bangla Desh is independent. I call upn the

people of Bangla Desh is independent. I call upon the people of Bangla

Desh, wherever you are and with whatever you have, to resist the army of

occupation to the last. Your fight must go on until the last soldier of the

Pakistan occupation army is expelled from the soil of Bangla Desh and final

victory is achieved.Õ( witness to surrender ) |

25‡k gvP© w`evMZ iv‡Î XvKv kn‡i †h MYnZ¨v P‡j Zvnvi weeiY

30‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L jÛb¯’ The Daily Telegraph cwÎKvq mvsevw`K mvBgb wWªs Gi

†cÖwiZ cÖwZ‡e`b gvidr mf¨ RMZ me©cÖ_g Rvwb‡Z cvwiqv wknwiqv I‡V

(`wjjcÎ, 2q LÛ c„t 788Ð792), Z‡e Bnv cÖK…Z MYnZ¨vi LwÛZ wPÎ gvÎ t

GENOCIDE IN BANGLADESH

SOME EYE-WITNESS ACCOUNTS

“ HOW DACCA PAID FOR A ‘UNITED PAKISTAN”

Report by Simon Dring of Daily Telegraph, London.

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, East Pakistan’s popular political leader,

was seen being taken away by the army, and nearly all the top members of

his Awami League Party have also been arrested.

Leading political activities have been arrested, others are dead, and

the offices of two papers which supported Mujibur’s movement have been

destroyed

But the first target as the tanks rolled into Dacca on the night of

Thursday, March 25, seems to have been the students.

163

An estimated three battalions of troops were used in the attack on

Dacca-One of armoured, one of artillery and one of infantry. They started

leaving their barracks shortly before 10 p.m. By 11, firing had broken out

and the people who had started to erect makesshift barricades-overturned

cars, three stumps furniture, concrete piping-became early casualties.

Sheikh Mujibur was warned by telephone that something was

happening but he refused to leave his house. “If I go into hiding they will

burn the whole of Dacca to find me, “ he told an aide who escaped arrest.

The students were also warned, but those who were still around later

said that most of them thought they would only be arrested. Led by

American supplied M-24 World War II tanks, one column of troops sped

to Dacca University shortly after midnight. Troops tookover the British

Council Liberary and used it as a fire base from which to shell nearby

dormitory areas.

Caught completely by surprise, some 200 students were killed in

Iqbal Hall, headquarters of the militantly anti-government student’s union, I

was told. Two days later, bodies were still smouldering in burnt-out rooms,

others were scattered outside, more floated in a nearby lake, an art student

lay sparawled across his easel.

The military removed many of the bodies, but the 30 bodies till there

could never have accounted for all the blood in the corridors of Iqbal Hall.

At another hall, reportedly, soldiers buried the dead in a hastily dug

massgrave which was then bull-dozed over by tanks. People living near the

university were caught in the fire too, and 200 yards of sbanty houses

running alongside a railway line were destroyed.

Army Patrols also razed nearly market area. Two days later, when it

was possible to get out and see all this, some of the market’s stall-owners

were still lying as though asleep, their blankets pulled up over their

shoulders. In the same district, the Dacca Medical College received direct

bazooka fire and a mosque was badly damaged.

As the university came under attack other columns of troops moved

in on the Rajarbag headquarters of the East Pakistan Police, on the other

side of the city. Tanks open fire first, witness said: then the troops moved

in and levelled the men’s sleepging quarters, firing incendiary rounds into

the buildings. People living opposite did not know how many died there,

but out of the 1,100 police based there not many are believed to have

escaped.

Mujib’s arrest

164

As this was going on, other unitis had surrounded the Sheikh’s

house. When contacted shortly before 1 a.m. he said that he was expected

an attack any minute and had sent everyone except his servants and

bodyguard away to safety.

A neighbour said that at 1-10 a.m., one tank, an armoured car, and

trucks loaded with troops drove down the street firing over the house.

“Sheikh you should come down”, an officer called out in English as they

stopped outside. Mujibur stepped out onto his belcony and said, “ Yes, I am

ready, but there is no need to fire. All you need to have done is call me on

the telephone and I would have come”.

The officer then walked into the yard and told Mujibur: “You are

arrested”.

He was taken away along with three servants, an aide and his

bodyguard, who was badly beaten up when he started to insult the officer.

One man was killed- a night watchman hiding behind the fence of the house

next door.

As the Sheikh was driven off-presumably to army headquarters-the

sholders moved into the house, took away all documents, smashed

everything in sight looked the garded gate, shot down the green, red and

yellow “Bangladesh” flag and drove away.

By 2 O’ Clock Friday Fires were burring all over the city, and troops had occupied the

university and surrounding areas.

There was still heavy shelling in some areas, but the fighting was

beginning to slacken noticeably. Opposite the Intercontimental Hotel

Platoon of troops stored the empty office of “The People” newspaper

burning it down along with most houses in the area and killing the night

watchman.

City lies silent Shortly before dawn most firing had stopped, and as the sun came

up an eerie silence settled over the city, deserted and completely dead

except for noise of the crows and the occasional convoy of toops or two or

three tanks rumbling by mopping up.

At noon, again without warning, columns of troops poured into the

old section of the city where more than 1 million people lived in a

sprawling maze of narrow, winding streets.

165

For the next 11 hours, they devastated large areas of the “old town”

as it is called, where Sheikh Mujibur had some of his atrongest support in

Dacca English Road, French Road, Nazira Bazar, City Bazar were burned to

the ground.

“They suddenly appeared at the end of the street”, said one old man

living in French Niar Bazar area. “Then they drove down it, firing into all

the houses”.

The lead unit was followed by soldiers carrying cans of gasoline.

Those who tried to escape were shot. Those who stayed were burnt alive.

Abut 700 men, women and children died there that day between noon and 2

p.m. I was told.

The pattern was repeated in at least three other areas of upto a half

squarte mile or more. Police stations in the old town were also attacked.

Constables killed “I am looking for my constables”, a police inspector said on

Saturday morning as he wandered through the ruins of one of the bazars. “I

have 240 in my district, and so far I have only found 30 of them- all dead.

In the Hindu area of the old town, the soldiers reportedly made the

people come out of their houses and shot them in groups. This area, too was

eventually razed.

The troops stayed on in force in the old city until about 11 p.m. on

the night of Friday, March 26, driving around with local Bengali informers.

The soldiers would fire a flare and the informer would point out the houses

of Awami League supporters. The house would then be destroyed- either

with direct fire from tanks or recoilless rifles or with a can of gasoline,

witness said.

Meanwhile troops of the East Bengal Regiment in the suburbs

started moving out towards the industrial areas about 10 miles from the

Sheikh’s centres of support.

Firing continued in these areas until early Sunday morning, but the

main part of the operation in the city was completed by Friday night-almost

exactly 24 hours after it began.

One of the last targets was the daily Bengali language paper

“Ittefaq”. More than 400 people reportedly had taken shelter in its offices

when the fighting started. At 4 o’clock Friday afternoon, four tanks

appeared in the road outside. By 4-30 the building was an inferno, witnesses

166

said. By Saturday morning only the charred remains of a lot of corpses

huddled in back rooms were left.

Curfew lifted As quickly as they had appeared, the troops disappered from the

streets. On Saturday morning the radio announced that the curfew would be

lifted from 7 a. m. until 4 p.m. It then repeated the Martial Law Regulation

banning all politifal activity, announced press censorship and ordering all

government employees to report back to work. All privately owned

weapons were ordered to be turned into the autorities.

Magically, the city returned to life, and panic set in. By 10 a.m. with

palls of black smoke still hanging over large areas of the old town and out

in the distance toward the industrial areas, the streets were packed with

people leaving town., By car and in rickshaws, but mostly on foot, carrying

their possessions with them, the people of Dacca were fleeing. By noon the

refugees numbered in the tens of thousands.

“Please give me lift, I am old man” –In the name of Allah, help me”

–“Take my childreen with you”.

Silent and unsmiling they passed and saw what the army has done.

They looked the other way and kept on walking Down near one of the

markets a shot was heard. Within seconds, 2,000 people were running; but

it had only been someone going to join the lines already forming to turn in

weapons.

Government offices remained almost empty. Most employees were

leaving for their villages ignoring the call to go back to work. Those who

were not fleeing wandered aimlessly around the smoking debris, lifting

blackened and twisted sheets of corrugated iron (used in most shanty areas

for rooting) to savage from the ashes what they could.

Nearly every other car was either taking people out into the

countryside or flying a red cross and conveying dead and wounded to the

hospitals.

In the middle of it all occasional convoys of troops would appear,

the soldiers peering—equally unsmiling—down the muzzles of their gunds

at the silent crowds. On Friday night as they pulled back to their barracks

they shouted “Narai Takbir”, an old Persian war cry meaning “We have

won the war”. On Saturday when they spoke it was to shout “Pakistan

Zindabad—Long live Pakistan”.

167

Fast-selling Flags Most people took the hint. Before the curfew was reimposed the two

hottest-selling items on the market were gasoline and the national flag of

Pakistan. As if to protect their property in their absence, the last thing a

famimy would do before they looked up their house would be to raise the

flag.

At 4 o’clock Staurday afternoon, the streets emptied again. The

troops reapeared and lilence fell one more over Dacca. But firing broke out

again almost immediately. “Anybody out after four will be shot”, the radio

had announced earlier in the day.

A small boy running across the street outside the Intercontinental

Hotel two minutes after the curfew fell was stopped, slapped four times in

the face by an officer and taken away in a jeep.

The night watchman at the Dacca Club, a bar left over from the

colonial days, was shot when he went to shut the gate of the club. A group

of Hindu Pakistanis living around a temple in the middle of the race course

were all killed apparently because they were out in the open.

Refugees who came back into the city, after finding that roads

leading out of it were blocked by army, told how many had been killed as

they tried to walk across country avoid the troops.

Beyond these roadblocks was more or less no-man’s land, where the

clearing operations were still going on. What is happening out there now is

anybody’s guess, except the army’s.

Many poeple took to the river to escape the crowds on the roads, but

they ran the risk of being stranded waiting for a boat when curfew fell.

Where one such group was sitting on Saturday afternoon there were only

bloodstains the next morning.

Hardly anywhere was there evidence of organized resistence. Even

the West Pakistani Officer scoffed at the idea of anybody putting a fight.

“These bugger men”, said one Punjabi lieutenant, “could not kill us

if they tried.”

“Things are much better now”, said another officer, “Nobody can

speak out or come out. If they do we will kill them-they have spoken

enough –they are traitors, and we are not. We are fighting in the name of

God and a united Pakistan.”

(Despatch by Simon Dring of Daily Telegraph

London, In Washington Post.

March 30, 1971.)

168

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Kwiqv‡Qb| Dcw¯’Z mvsevw`KM‡Yi wbKU nB‡Z wZwb Rvwb‡Z cv‡ib †h mgMª evsjv

†`‡k m¦vaxbZv hy× Avi¤¢ nBqv‡Q Ges Bó †e½j †iwR‡g›U I BwcAvi evwnbxi

‰mwbKMY cvwK¯—vb †mbv evwnbxi wei“‡× hy‡× Ask Mªnb Kwiqv‡Q| 31‡k gvP©

mKv‡j wZwb e¨vUvwjq‡bi mKj ‰mb¨‡K m¦vaxbZv hy‡× †hvM`v‡bi Rb¨ D™¢y×

K‡ib|

gvP© gv‡m K¨v‡Þb †gvt Av‡bvqvi †nv‡mb ‰mq`cyi †mbvwbev†m 3q †e½j

†iwR‡g‡›Ui †KvqvU©vi gvóvi wnmv‡e wbhy³ wQ‡jb| 17B gvP© Zvwi‡L e¨vUvwjq‡bi

Aq¨vi‡jm †mU& I fvix A¯¿ weª‡MW †nW&‡KvqvU©v‡ii wbqš¿‡Y jIqv nq| 28‡k

gv‡P© gÛjcvov nB‡Z AvMZ K¨v‡Þb Avkiv‡di wbKU nB‡Z †`‡ki cwiw¯’wZ

AeMZ nBqv K¨v‡Þb Avkivd‡K GK UªvK †Mvjvevi“` w`qv gÛjcvov cvVvb|

31‡k gvP© ivZ AvovBUvi mgq †Mvj›`vR evwnbxmn GK e¨vUvwjqvb ‰mb¨ 3q

†e½‡ji Dci Avµgb Pvjvq| Zvnviv mKvj 10Uv ch©š— Avµgb cÖwZnZ Kwiqv

†mbvwbevm Z¨vM K‡i Ges dzjevox‡Z Ae¯’vb Mªnb K‡i| 1jv GwcÖ‡j

175

cve©Zxcy†i Aew¯’Z †gRi kvdvqvr †nv‡mb‡K nZ¨v Kwiqv evOvjx †mbviv

dzjevox‡Z Av‡m|

‡jt †gvt Ave`ym mvjvg Zvnvi mv¶vrKv‡i Rvbvb †h 26‡k gvP© mKv†j

wZwb †iwWI‡Z gvkv©j j Rvix nBevi Lei Rvwb‡Z cv‡ib| 27‡k gvP© iscyi

nB‡Z K¨v‡Þb bIqv‡Rm Avwmqv ¯’vbxq QvÎÐRbZv Ges cjvqbiZ evOvjx

cywjk, B wc Avi I †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui ‰mwbK‡`i jBqv GKUv evwnbx MVb K‡ib

Ges wbKU¯’ _vbv nB‡Z ivB‡dj msMªn Kwiqv wZ¯—v b`xi cv‡o Ae¯’vb Mªnb

K‡ib| H mgq eªxR cvi nBqv wKQy cvwK¯—vwb ‰mwbK AMªmi nB‡j †gRi

GRvRmn 8 Rb‡K Zvnviv nZ¨v Kwi‡Z m¶g n‡qb|

nvwej`vi Rqbvj Av‡e`xb gvP© gv‡m BwcAvi 10 bs kvLvi iscyi Wej

mywZ weIwc‡Z nvwej`vi c‡` envj wQ‡jb| 26‡k gvP© weKv‡j Zvnviv XvKvi

wcjLvbvi nZ¨vh‡Ái Lei cvb| VvKziMvuI‡qi 9 bs kvLv Hw`b we‡`Övn K‡i|

K¨v‡Þb bIqv‡R‡mi †bZ„‡Z¡ K‡qKwU †Kv¤úvbx wZ¯—vi cv‡o Ae¯’vb Mªnb K‡i|

30‡k gvP© nB‡Z 4Vv GwcÖj ch©š— Z_vq cÖwZw`bB hy× nq|

my‡e`vi †gRi KvwRgywÏb gvP© gv‡m BwcAvi Gi VvKziMuvI¯’ beg kvLvq

Kg©iZ wQ‡jb| 26‡k gvP© iv‡ÎB Zvnviv AevOvjx wmcvnx‡`i Dci Avµgb

Kwi‡Z wm×vš— Mªnb K‡ib Ges †mB Abyhvqx c`‡¶c jB‡Z _v‡Kb| wKš‘

wewfbœ Kvi‡Y Zvr¶wbK c`‡¶c jB‡Z bv cvwi‡jI 28‡k gvP© ivÎ mv‡o 10NwUKvi

mgq Zvnviv we‡`Övn K‡ib Ges Rq evsjv aŸbx w`‡Z _v‡Kb| 29‡k gvP© mvivw`b

†Mvjv¸wj Pwj‡Z _v‡K| 30‡k gvP© †gRi †gvnv¤§` †nv‡mb wbnZ nq Ges

VvKziMuvI BwcAvi †nW‡KvqvU©vi kΓgy³ nq| Hw`b weKv‡j mxgvš—¯’

†Kv¤úvbxmg~‡ni wmcvnxMY VvKziMvuI Rgv‡qZ nq| my‡e`vi †gRi KvwRgywÏb

e¨v‡Uwjqb‡K cybM©Vb K‡ib Ges hyeK‡`i mvgwiK wk¶v cÖ`v‡bi e¨e¯’v Mªnb

K‡ib| 31‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L wZwb fvi‡Zi 75 bs weGmGd e¨v‡Uwjq‡bi KgvÛvi

K‡Y©j e¨vbvRx©i mwnZ †hvMv‡hvM K‡ib|

bv‡qK my‡e`vi †gvnv¤§` Avbmvi Avjx w`bvRcyi BwcAvi †nW‡KvqvU©v‡i

KZ©e¨iZ wQ‡jb| 26‡k gvP© mKv‡jB Zvnviv mvgwiK

176

kvmb Rvixi Lei Rvwb‡Z cv‡ib| 27‡k gvP© `ycyi †ejvq Zvnviv †Mvjvel©b

Avi¤¢ K‡ib Ges weKvj 5 Uvi g‡a¨ AevOvjx wmcvnx‡`i nZ¨v Kwi‡Z mg_©

n‡qb|

my‡e`vi Avie Avjx gvP© gv‡m w`bvRcyi †Rjvq eW©vi AvDU †cv†ó

`vwqZ¡iZ wQ‡jb| 26‡k gvP© mKv‡j Zvnviv c~e©iv‡Î cvwK¯—vb ‡mbvevwnbxi

‰ckvwPK NUbvejx m¤¦‡Ü Rvwb‡Z cvwiqv hy‡×i Rb¨ cÖ¯—yZ n‡qb| 29‡k gvP©

Zvnviv wewfbœ weIwc‡Z AevOvjx †mbv‡`i nZ¨v K‡ib| Bnvi ci Zvnviv

dzjevox‡ZI AevOvjx †mbv‡`i mwnZ hy× K‡ib|

nvwej`vi evmviZDj−vn gvP© gv‡m w`bvRcyi 4 bs †m±i KzwVevox‡Z 8bs

DBs Gi ÔwmÕ †Kv¤úvbx‡Z `vwqZ¡iZ wQ‡jb| 28‡k gvP© `ycy‡i Zvnviv AevOvjx

BwcAvi‡`i Dci Avµgb Kwiqv mܨvi g‡a¨ DBs Ges †m±i †nW&‡KvqvU©vi `Lj

K‡ib| 31‡k gv‡P©I hy× P‡j Ges cvwK¯—vbx †mbvevwnbx cve©Zxcyi Pwjqv

hvq|

L›`Kvi Ave`ym mvgv` gvP© gv‡m w`bvRcy‡ii cuvPMo _vbvi fvicÖvß cywjk

Awdmvi wQ‡jb| 25‡k gv‡P©i ci ciB wZwb XvKvq cvwK¯—vbx †mbv‡`i

Avµg‡bi Lei cvb| Zrci wZwb _vbvi 5 Rb AevOvjx wmcvnx†K wbi¯¿ K‡ib|

_vbv K¨v¤úv‡m gyw³ evwnbxi cÖwk¶Y †K›`ª †Lvjv nq Ges _vbvi ivB‡dj¸wj

Zvnv‡`i cÖ`vb Kiv nq|

my‡e`vi †gRi G, ie (wWGwW) gvP© gv‡m w`bvRcyi †m±i †nW&‡KvqvU©v‡i

KZ©e¨iZ wQ‡jb| 28‡k gvP© `ycyi †ejv evOvjx wmcvnx‡`i jBqv wZwb Avµgb

Avi¤¢ K‡ib| 3 w`b cÖPÛ hy‡×i ci 31 †k gvP© `ycyi †ejv †m±i AwabvqK

K‡Y©j †Kv‡ikx I Ab¨vb¨ AwdmviMY dzjevoxi w`‡K cjvqb K‡i Ges w`bvRcyi

kni `Lj gy³ nq| Zrci me©Î m¦vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki cZvKv D‡Ëvjb Kiv nq Ges

†RjLvbv nB‡Z ivR‰bwZK e›`x‡`i gy³ Kiv nq|

K¨v‡Þb wMqvmywÏb †PŠayix gvP© gv‡m bIMuv BwcAvi Gi 7 bs DBs Gi

mnKvix DBs KgvÛv‡ii `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kwi‡ZwQ‡jb| 23‡k gvP© wZwb †gRi

AvKivg I K¨v‡Þb bex`‡K evmvi Dci Zjvq bRie›`x iv‡Lb| 24‡k gvP©

wZwb AwaKvsk A¯¿vMv‡ii AevOvjx cÖnix‡`i mivBqv †m¯’v‡b evOvjx cÖnix

177

wb‡qvwRZ K‡ib| 26‡k gvP© †fvi ‡ejvq XvKv †_‡K GKRb evOvjx BwcAvi

wmMb¨vjvi Zvnv‡K Rvbvq †h Av‡Mi iv‡Î cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbx ivRvievM cywjk

jvBb I wcjLvbvq Avµgb Kwiqv‡Q| Bnv Rvwbqv wZwb wb‡R we‡`Övn Kwi‡Z w¯’i

K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi fvlY ïwb‡Z cvb| Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi fvlY Ges

mvgwiK wb‡`©kvejx ïwbqv Zvnv‡`i g‡a¨ †¶v‡fi mÂvi nq| Zrci we‡`Öv‡ni

`vevbj PZyw`©‡K QovBqv c‡o| BwZg‡a¨ mܨvq †eZv‡i †gRi wRqvDi

ingv‡bi K‡Ú m¦vaxbZvi †Nvlbv ïwb‡Z cvb| Bnv‡Z mK‡ji g‡b mvn‡mi

mÂvi nq| bIMuv I bIqveM‡Äi mg¯— BwcAvi‡K wbR wbR †nW&‡KvqvU©v‡i

GKwÎZ Kiv nq| 28†k gvP© mܨvq Zvnviv e¸ov †cuŠQvb| 29/30 †k gv‡P©i

iv‡Î cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbx‡K Mªv‡g hvBevi c‡_ G¨vgeyk Kiv nq| Gw`‡K

ivRkvnxi wbKUeZ©x AvivYx †ij‡ók‡bi wbKU 25 cvÄv‡ei GK †Kv¤úvbxi

mwnZ m¤§yL hy‡× cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbx QÎf½ nBqv hvq| 1 jv GwcÖj evOvjx

mk¯¿evwnbx ivRkvnx kn‡ii wbKU Ae¯’vb MªnY K‡ib|

my‡e`vi Avjx †gvnv¤§` gwKei ingvb miKvi gvP© gv‡m mvi`vq wQ‡jb|

25‡k gv‡P©i NUbvq A‡¯¿i Reve A¯¿ gvidr w`evi Rb¨ cÖ¯—yZ nb| wZwb

¯’vbxq gyw³ evwnbxi cÖavb nBqv GKwU gyw³ msMªvg KwgwU MVb K‡ib Ges

cywjk, BwcAvi, Avbmvi, QvÎ, Aa¨vcK mevB‡K jBqv GKwU gyw³ evwnbx MVb

K‡ib| mvi`v K¨v‡WU& K‡jR I cywjk GKv‡Wwg nB‡Z A¯¿ I †Mvjvevi“`

msMªn Kwiqv Zvnviv ivRkvnxi w`‡K AMªmi n‡qb|

my‡e`vi †Lv›`Kvi gwZDi ingvb, exi weµg, bIMuv BwcAv†i `vwqZ¡iZ

wQ‡jb| 26‡k gvP© mKvj †ejvq †KvqvU©vi MvW© KgvÛvi gywReyi ingvb evsjv‡`k

cZvKv MvW© Ae& Abvi cÖ`vb KiZt D‡Ëvjb K‡ib| 25‡k gvP© iv‡Î K¨v‡Þb

wMqv‡mi †Mvcb wb‡`©‡k wZbwU evOvjx c−vUyb‡K A¯¿ªmn mw¾Z ivLv nq| K¨v‡Þb

wMqvm Zvnv‡`i euvPvi Rb¨ ‰Zix _vwK‡Z e‡jb KviY XvKvi Ae¯’v LyeB Lvivc|

27‡k gvP© Zvnviv kvš—vnvi Mgb KiZt cwiw¯’wZ Avq‡Z¡ Av‡bb| 30‡k gvP©

Zvnviv e¸ov Avµgb K‡ib| 31‡k gvP© AvevOvjx ‰mb¨iv iscy‡ii w`‡K

cvjvBqv hvq| 1jv GwcÖj mKvj †ejv nvwej`vi Avjx AvKei Avwoqvj evRv‡i

178

Aew¯’Z G¨vgywbkb wW‡cv `Lj K‡ib| H wW‡cv nB‡Z Zvnviv 80 UªvK A¯¿k¯¿

e¸ov jBqv Av‡mb|

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†Póv nq wKš‘ bvbvb ARynv‡Z Zvnviv A¯¿ª Rgv †`b bvB| 26†k gvP© w`‡bi †ejv

Zvnviv PÆMªvg †K›`ª nB‡Z BwcAvi Aq¨vi‡jm gvidr msev` cvb †h XvKvq

evOvjx BwcAvi‡`i nZ¨v Kiv nBqv‡Q| mܨvq `yBN›Uv †Mvjv¸wji ci

PvcvBbeveM‡Ä cwiw¯’wZ evOvjx‡`i Avq‡Z¡ Av‡m|

fvlv ‰mwbK MvRxDj nK gvP© gv‡m e¸ovq emevm Kwi‡Zb| 25‡k gvP©

w`evMZ ivwÎ mv‡o 3 Uvq Lei cvb †h cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbx e¸ovi w`‡K

AvMvBqv Avwm‡Z‡Q| Ggwc Wt Rvwn`yi ingvbmn wZwb †KvZIqvjx _vbvq Dcw¯’Z

nb| Bb&‡Uwj‡RÝ eªv‡Âi Awdmvi gKeyj mv‡ne Zvnv‡K Rvbvb †h Aq¨vi‡jm

gvidr Lei Avwmqv‡Q †h †mbvevwnbx ivRvievM Ges wcjLvbv `Lj Kwiqv‡Q

Ges †mLv‡b cÖwZ‡iva hy× Pwj‡Z‡Q| Gw`‡K AviI msev` cvIqv hvq †h iscyi

nB‡Z cvwK¯—vbx ‰mb¨ e¸ov Avwm‡Z‡Q| MvRxDj nK Zvnvi mv¶vrKv‡i e‡jb †h

kn‡ii Dˇi gvwUWvjx‡Z Zwor †ewi‡KW †`Iqv nq| cywjk jvB‡b ‡UªÂ

†Luvov nq| QvÎ RbZv I cywjk evwnbxi nv‡Z me©mvKz‡j¨ AvovB WRb e›`yK

ivB‡dj wQj| Dnv jBqv 26‡k gvP© mKvj‡ejv Zvnviv cvwK¯—vb ‰mb¨‡`i

cÖwZnZ K‡ib| cÖ_gw`b nZvnZ nBqv Zvnviv wdwiqv hvq| G m¤ú‡K© GKwU

ey‡jwUb evwni Kiv nq| MvRxDj n‡Ki wb‡Ri fvlvq (`wjjcÎ, 9g LÛ,

c„t484Ð85)t

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(dzjevox) Ges P›`b G‡m Lei w`‡jv †h, Zviv GKwU

mvB‡K¬v÷vBj †gwkb †hvMvo K‡i‡Q| myZivs ey‡jwUb

mvB‡K¬v÷vBj K‡i wewj Kiv hvq| ey‡jwU‡bi Lmov w`jvg|

GK cvZvi ey‡jwUb m‡Ü¨i mgq kn‡i Qvov‡bv n‡jv|

†nWjvBb wQ‡jv ÔÔcÖ_g w`‡bi hy‡× e¸ovevmxi Rqjvft

cuvPRb cvK‡mbv wbnZ|ÕÕ Gici wQ‡jv GK me©vZ¥K hy‡×i

Avnevb| me‡k‡l wQ‡jv e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi

wb‡`©k| GKUv K_v ej‡Z fy‡j †MwQ| gvwUWvwj‡Z hLb

179

e¨vvwi‡KW w`‡q wd‡i AvmwQjvg ZLb `Ëevoxi m¤§y‡L

Aqvi‡jm Awd‡mi GKRb †jvK Wvt Rvwn`yi ingv‡bi nv‡Z

GKUv KvMR w`‡q hvq| †g‡mRwU iv‡Z †c‡qwQ‡jv e‡j

Rvbvq| jvj Kvwj‡Z †jLv| hZ`~i g‡b nq evsjv ZR©gv

Ki‡j `uvov†et ÔÔGwU Avgvi †kl wb‡`©k| AvR †_‡K

evsjv‡`k m¦vaxb| kΓ‰mb¨ Avgv‡`i Avµgb K‡i‡Q| evsjvi

gvbyl †h ‡hLv‡b AvQ, hvi nv‡Z †h Amª Av‡Q ZvB wb‡q

i“‡L `uvovI| nvbv`vi evwnbx‡K cÖwZ‡iva K‡iv| cvwK¯—vbx

`Lj`vi evwnbxi †kl ‰mb¨wU‡K evsjvi gvwU †_‡K weZvwoZ bv

Kiv ch©š— Ges Pyovš— weRq AR©b ch©š— jovB Pvwj‡q hv‡e|ÕÕ

GB wb‡`©kwUI ey‡jwU‡b Ry‡o w`‡qwQjvg| ey‡jwU‡b Aek¨

Avgv‡`i Zi‡di ¶q¶wZi K_v D‡j−L Kwiwb| KviY,

†f‡ewQjvg Zv‡Z mvaviY gvbyl fq †c‡Z cv‡i| Gici

†_‡K cÖwZw`b Avgiv ey‡jwUb †ei KiZvg| Ggb wK cÖPyi

†Mvjve„wói g‡a¨I m¦cb wWK†Ukb wbZ| K‡qK N›Uvi g‡a¨B

ey‡jwUb mvB‡K¬v÷vBj †gwk‡b Qvcv n‡q kn‡i Qov‡bv

n‡Zv|ÕÕ

MvRxDj nK KZ„©K wjwLZ Ges 1378 e½v‡ãi fv`Ö gv‡m (1971) cÖKvwkZ

ÔGev‡ii msMªvg m¦vaxbZvi msMªvgÕ gyw³hy×Kvjxb mg‡q cÖKvwkZ Ab¨Zg

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eY©bv cvIqv hvq| ( c„ôvÐ 118 Aóg ms¯‹iY)t

ÔÔnvbv`vi cvK †mbviv e¸ov kni Avµgb Ki‡jv 26‡k gvP©

†fv‡i| gvÎ AvUvkwU GKbjv, †`vÐbjv e›`yK Ges UyÐUy †evi

ivB‡dj wb‡q i“‡L `uvov‡jv e¸ovi gyw³‡mbviv| cÖPÛ gvi †L‡q

wcQy n‡U †Mj cvK†mbv|

27 gvP© I 29 gvP© cÖPÛ msN‡l©i ciI cvK‡mbviv e¸ov

kni `Lj Ki‡Z m¶g n‡jv bv| 30 gvP© Zvwi‡L ivRkvnxi bIMuv

†_‡K B,wc,Avi, G‡m e¸ov gyw³‡hv×v‡`i kw³e„w× Ki‡jb|

BwZg‡a¨ †gRi bvRgyj n‡Ki †bZ„‡Z¡ bIMuv gnKzgvi c~Y© KZ„©Z¡

gyw³evwnbx MªnY K‡i‡Qb| 31‡k gvP© e¸ov kn‡ii Ici cvKÐwegvb

evwnbx Avµgb Pvjv‡jv| wegvb †_‡K cÖPÛ †evgv el©Y Avi †gwmbMvb

Pvwj‡qI gyw³ evwnbx‡K wcQy nUvb †Mj bv| 31 gvP© w`evMZ iv‡Î

gyw³evwnbx cwðg cwK¯—vbx evwnbxi Ici cÖPÛ Avµgb Pvjv‡jb| †m

180

AvµgY mn¨ Kievi g‡Zv kw³ wKsev g‡bvej cvK‰m‡b¨i wQj bv|

iv‡Zi AÜKv‡i Zviv `ª“Z cv Pvwj‡q iscyi kn‡ii QvDwb‡Z AvkÖq

wb‡jv|

1 GwcÖj e¸ovi gyw³evwnbx e¸ov kni †_‡K 9 gvBj

`w¶‡Y cvK‡mbv‡`i Avwoqv K¨v›Ub‡g›U Avµgb Ki‡jb| R½x

wegvb †_‡K gyw³evwnbxi Ici cÖPÛ wegvb AvµgY Pvwj‡qI cwðg

cvwK¯—vbx †mbviv Avwoqv K¨v›Ub‡g›U i¶v Ki‡Z m¶g n‡jv bv|

gvÎ 3 N›Uv hy†×i ci gyw³evwnbxi nv‡Z Avwoqv K¨v›Ub‡g†›Ui

cZb n‡jv| 56wU UªvK †evSvB A¯¿—Ðk¯¿ I †MvjvÐevi“`

gyw³†mbviv `Lj Ki‡jb|ÕÕ

e¸ov hy‡× gyw³‡hv×v‡`i AvZ¥`vb cÖm‡½ Ges cy¯—‡Ki eY©bv m¤¦‡Ü

Zvnvi cy¯—‡Ki gyLe‡Ü (K_v cÖm‡½) wZwb e‡jbt ( c„t13)

ÔÔ ZvwiK, gvmy`, wUUy, AvRv`ЇQvU †QvU ZvRv cÖvY, †`k‡cÖ‡gi

J¾‡j¨ `xwßgvb| fv½v e›`yK, UyÐUy †evi ivB‡dj wb‡q i“L‡Z

wM‡qwQ‡jv cwðg cvwK¯—vbx nvbv`vi `m¨y‡`i | gUv‡ii †Mvjvq

wK‡kvi Zvwi‡Ki †`n wQbœwfbœ n‡q †M‡jv| ey‡j‡U ey‡j‡U SuvSiv

n‡q †M‡jv gvmy`, wUUy, AvRv‡`i KwP †`n¸‡jv|ÕÕ

‡h‡nZy Dc‡iv³ cy¯—KwU 1971 m‡b m¤¢eZ AMvó gv‡m (fv`Ö gvm)

gyw³hy×Kvjxb m¤ú~Y© AwbwðZ mg‡q wjwLZ †mB‡nZy Bnvi eY©bv Mªnb‡hvM¨|

Dc‡iv³ cy¯—K e¨wZ‡i‡K Rbve MvwRDj nK ‘Bangladesh Unchained’

bv‡g Avi GKwU cy¯—K †j‡Lb| D³ cy¯—KwU cÖ_g cÖKvk nq 1971 m‡bi

wW‡m¤¦i gv‡m| cy¯—KwU f~wgKv †jLv nq KwjKvZvq 8B wW‡m¤¦i Zvwi‡L| cy¯—KwU

cÖKvk K‡ib Rqš— emy, 93, gnvZ¥v MvÜx †ivW, KwjKvZvÐ7| ¯úóZB

m¦vaxbZvi gvÎ GK mßvn c~‡e© gyw³hy× hLb cy‡iv`‡g Pwj‡Z‡Q ZLb Dc‡iv³ cy¯—

KwU cÖKvwkZ nq| cy¯—KwUi cÖ_‡gB e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb KZ„©K wbæwjwLZ

m¦vaxbZvi †NvlYv DׄZ Kiv nq t

THE MESSAGE OF SHEIKH MUJIB

TO THE PEOPLE OF BANGLADESH

ON THE NIGHT OF 25TH OF MARCH, 1971

PAKISTAN ARMED FORCES, SUDDENLY HAVE

ATTACKED OUR COUNTRY UNDER THE COVER OF

181

DARKNESS. THEY HAVE, TREACHEROUSLY ATTACKED THE

EAST PAKISTAN RIFLES BASE, PIELKHANA AND RAJARBAG

POLICE BARRACKS IN DACCA FROM ZERO HOURS ON

MARCH 26, KILLING LACS OF UNARMED PEOPLE. THE EAST

PAKISTAN RIFLES IN DACCA, THE POLICE AND THE PEOPLE

ARE FIGHTING THE ENEMY FORCES STERNLY. LET THE

WORLD KNOW OF THIS GENOCIDE. BRETHREN. TAKE UP

THE ARMS WHICHEVER YOU HAVE. RESIST THE ENEMY

FORCES AT ANY COST. MAY ALLAH BLESS YOU AND HELP

YOU IN YOUR STRUGGLE FOR FREE DOM.

‘JAI BANGLA’

cvebv kn‡i 25‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L cvwK¯—vbx ‰mb¨iv cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges

ivR‰bwZK †bZvÐKwg©‡`i †MªdZvi K‡i| 27‡k gvP© ‰mb¨iv cywjk e¨viv‡K

cÖ‡ek Kwiqv A¯¿vMvi Zvnv‡`i wbKU n¯—vš—i Kwi‡Z ewj‡j cywjk evwnbx

Am¦xKvi K‡i| Zrci Dfqc‡¶ cÖPÛ †Mvjv¸wj nq| 26 I 27‡k gvP© Kvdz©

Rvix _vwK‡jI hyeK I QvÎiv †fZ‡i †fZ‡i cÖ¯—ywZ jB‡ZwQj| Mªv‡gi

K…lKivI ‰Zix nBqvB wQj| Lei cvBqv Zvnviv `‡j `‡j kn‡ii w`‡K QywUqv

Av‡m| kn‡ii †Uwj‡dvb G·‡PÄ cvwK¯—vbx ‰mb¨‡`i `L‡j wQj| wbi¯¿ª cÖvq

15 nvRvi RbZv cÖZ¨¶ hy× bv Kwi‡jI †Uwj‡dvb G·‡PÄ †NivI Kwiqv AvKvk

dvUv RqaŸwb w`‡ZwQj| Zvnv‡Z ‰mb¨iv nZeyw× nBqv hvq| Gw`‡K cywjk I

Qv·`i Avµg‡b Zvnviv µgvb¦‡q gviv hvB‡Z _v‡K| c‡i †Uwj‡dvb G·‡PÄ

gyw³evwnbxi nv‡Z Avwmqv. hvq|

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Avwmqv cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ cywjk Avbmvi evwnbxi mKj A¯¿ mieivn Kwievi K_v

e‡jb| 26‡k gvP© QywU †fvMiZ I Aemi cÖvß ‰mb¨, cywjk, Avbmvi, QvÎ

RbZv mKj‡K jBqv gyw³ evwnbx MVb Kiv nq|

kvnRv`cyi GjvKvi cÖwZ‡iva m¤¦‡Ü Ave`yi ingvb Zvnvi mv¶vZKv‡i

e‡jb †h 25‡k gvP© w`evMZ ivwÎ `yBUvi mgq kvnRv`cyi _vbvi Iwm XvKvq

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182

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wb‡©`kbvgv Abyev` Kwievi I gy`Ö‡Yi e¨e¯’v K‡ib|.

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cvIqv hvq| | D³ cÖe‡Üi †klvsk wb¤§i“c t

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ingv‡bi D`vË Avnev‡b mviv‡`‡k ïi“ n‡jv e¨vcK Amn‡hvM

Av‡›`vjb| Gi ciw`b `v½v n‡jv| wenvixiv nvgjv K‡iwQj GK kvwš—

c~Y© wgwQ‡j| Gi †_‡KB e¨vcK †Mvj‡hv‡Mi m~Pbv n‡jv| GB

mg‡q Avgvi e¨vUvwjq‡bi GbwmIiv Avgv‡K Rvbvj, cÖwZw`b

mܨvq weskwZZg evjyP †iwR‡g‡›Ui †Rvqvbiv †emvgwiK †cvkvK

c‡i †emvgwiK Uªv‡K K‡i †Kv_vq †hb hvq| Zviv wd‡i Av‡m

Avevi †kl iv‡Zi w`‡K| Avwg DrmyK njvg| †jvK jvMvjvg Lei

wb‡Z| Lei wb‡q Rvbjvg cÖwZiv‡ZB Zviv hvq KZK wbw`©ó

evOvjx cvovq wbwe©Pv‡i nZ¨v K‡i †mLv‡b evOvjx‡`i| GB mgq

cÖwZw`bB QywiKvnZ evOvjx‡K nvmcvZv‡j fwZ© n‡ZI †kvbv hvq|

GB mg‡q Avgv‡`i KgvwÛs Awdmvi †jd‡Ub¨v›U K‡Y©j

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gv‡SB Zvi †jv‡Kiv wM‡q Avgvi m¤ú‡K© †LuvRLei wb‡Z ïi“ K‡i|

Avgiv ZLb Avk¼v KiwQjvg, Avgv‡`i nqZ wbimª Kiv n‡e| Avwg

Avgvi g‡bvfve `gb K‡i KvR K‡i hvB Ges Zv‡`i D‡`¨vM e¨_©

K‡i †`qvi m¤¢ve¨ me e¨e¯’v MªnY Kwi| evOvjx nZ¨v I evOvjx

†`vKvbcv‡U AwMœms‡hv‡Mi NUbv µ‡gB evo‡Z _v‡K|

Avgv‡`i wbi¯¿ª Kivi †Póv Kiv n‡j Avwg wK e¨e¯’v MªnY Kie

K‡Y©j (ZLb ‡gRi) kIKZI Avgvi Kv‡Q Zv Rvb‡Z Pvb| K¨v‡Þb

kg‡mi gweb Ges †gRi Lv‡jKz¾vgvb Avgv‡K Rvbvb †h, m¦vaxbZvi

Rb¨ Avwg hw` Amª Zy‡j ‡bB Zvn‡j ZvivI †`‡ki gyw³i Rb¨ cÖvY

w`‡Z KzÚv‡eva Ki‡eb bv, K¨v‡Þb Iwj Avn‡¤§` Avgv‡`i gv‡S

Lei Av`vb cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb| ‡RwmI Ges GbwmIqviv `‡j `‡j wef³

n‡q Avgvi Kv‡Q Avm‡Z _v‡K| ZvivI Avgv‡K Rvbvq †h wKQy

GKUv bv Ki‡j evOvjx RvwZ wPiw`‡bi Rb¨ `v‡m cwiYZ n‡e| Avwg

wbi‡e Zv‡`i K_v ïbZvg| wKš‘ Avwg wVK K‡iwQjvg, Dchy³ mgq

G‡jB Avwg gyL Lyje| m¤¢eZ 4 gv‡P© Avwg K¨v‡Þb Iwj Avn‡¤§`‡K

183

‡W‡K †bB| Avgv‡`i wQj †mUv cÖ_g ‰eVK| Avwg Zv‡K †mvRvmywR

ejjvg, mkmª msMªvg ïi“ Kivi mgq `ª“Z GwM‡q Avm‡Q|

Avgv‡`i me mgq mZK© _v‡K‡Z n‡e| K¨v‡Þb Avng`I Avgvi mv‡_

GKgZ nb| Avgiv cwiKíbv ‰Zwi Kwi Ges cÖwZw`bB Av‡jvPbv

‰eV‡K wgwjZ n‡Z ïi“ Kwi|

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Kv‡Q GK MªxYwmMb¨vj e‡j g‡b n‡jv| Avgiv Avgv‡`i

cwiKíbv†K Pyovš— iƒc w`jvg| wKš‘ Z„Zxq †Kvb e¨w³‡K Zv

Rvbvjvg bv| evOvjx I cvwK¯—vbx ‰mwbK‡`i gv‡SI D‡ËRbv µ‡gB

Pi‡g DVwQj|

13B gvP© ïi“ n‡jv e½eÜyi mv‡_ Bqvwnqvi Av‡jvPbv| Avgiv

mevB ¶wY‡Ki Rb¨ m¦w¯—i wbk¦vm †djjvg| Avgiv Avkv Kijvg,

cvwK¯—vbx †bZviv hyw³ gvb‡e Ges cwiw¯’wZi DbœwZ n‡e| wKš‘

`yf©vM¨RbKfv‡e cvwK¯—vbx‡`i mvgwiK cÖ¯—ywZ nªvm bv †c‡q w`b

w`bB e„w× †c‡Z ïi“ Kij| cÖwZw`bB cwK¯—vb †_‡K ‰mb¨ Avg`vwb

Kiv n‡jv| wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Rgv n‡Z _vKj Amªkmª Avi †Mvjvevi“`|

wmwbqi cvwK¯—vbx mvgwiK Awdmviiv m‡›`nRbKfv‡e wewfbœ M¨vwim‡b

Avmv hvIqv ïi“ Kij| PÆMªv‡g †bŠevwnbxiI kw³ e„w× Kiv n‡jv|

7B gvP© †ówWqv‡g BweAviwmi †jd‡Ub¨v›U K‡Y©j Gg, Avi

†PŠayix, Avwg, K¨v‡Þb Iwj Avng` I †gRi Avwgb †PŠayix GK

†Mvcb ‰eV‡K wgwjZ njvg| GK Pyovš— hy³ cwiKíbv MªnY Kijvg|

†jt K‡Y©j †PŠaix‡K Aby‡iva Kijvg †bZ„Z¦ w`‡Z| `yw`b ci BwcAvi

K¨v‡Þb (GLb †gRi) iwdK Avgvi evmvq †M‡jb Ges BwcAvi

evwnbx‡K m‡½ †bqvi cÖ¯—ve w`‡jb| Avgiv BwcAvi evwnbx‡K

Avgv‡`i cwiKíbvfy³ Kijvg|

Gi g‡a¨ cwK¯—vbx evwnbxI mvgwiK ZrciZv ïi“ Kivi Pyovš—

cÖ¯—ywZ MªnY Kij| 21 gvP© †Rbv‡ij Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb †Mj

PÆMªvg K¨v›U‡g‡›U| PÆMªv‡g mvgwiK e¨e¯’v Mªn‡Yi Pyovš— cwiKíbv

cÖYqbB Zvi GB md‡ii D‡Ïk¨| †mw`b Bó †e½j †iwR‡g›U

‡m›Uv‡ii †fvRmfvq †Rbv‡ij nvwg` 20 Zg evjyP †iwR‡g‡›Ui

KgvwÛs Awdmvi †jd‡Ub¨v›U K‡Y©j dvZgx‡K ejj, dvZgx,

ms‡¶‡c, w¶cÖMwZ‡Z Avi hZ Kg m¤¢e †jvK ¶q K‡i KvR Ki‡Z

n‡e| Avwg GB K_v¸‡jv ï‡bwQjvg|

24 gvP© weª‡MwWqvi gRyg`vi XvKv P‡j G‡jb | mܨvq

cvwK¯—vbx evwnbx kw³ cÖ‡qv†M PÆMªvg e›`‡i hvIqvi c_ K‡i wbj|

RvnvR †mvqvZ †_‡K Amª bvgv‡bvi Rb¨B e›`‡ii w`‡K wQj Zv‡`i

GB Awfhvb|

184

c‡_ RbZvi mv‡_ NUj Zv‡`i K‡qK`dv msNl©| G‡Z

wbnZ n‡jv wecyjmsL¨K evOvjx| mkmª msMªvg †h †Kvb gyû‡Z©

ïi“ n‡Z cv‡i, G Avgiv a‡iB wb‡qwQjvg| gvbwmK w`K w`‡q Avgiv

wQjvg cÖ¯—yZ| ciw`b Avgiv c‡_i e¨wi‡KW Acmvi‡Yi Kv‡R e¨¯—

wQjvg|

Zvici G‡jv †mB KvjivZ| 25 I 26 gv‡P©i ga¨eZx©

KvjivZ| ivZ 11 Uvq Avgvi KgvwÛs Awdmvi Avgv‡K wb‡`©k w`j

†bŠevwnbxi Uªv‡K K‡i PÆMªvg e›`‡i †h‡q †Rbv‡ij Avbmvixi Kv‡Q

wi‡cvU© Ki‡Z| Avgvi mv‡_ †bŠevwnbxi (cvwK¯—vbx) cÖnix _vK‡e

ZvI Rvbv‡bv n‡jv| Avwg B”Qv Ki‡j Avgvi mv‡_ wZbRb †jvK

wb‡q †h‡Z cvwi| Z‡e Avgvi mv‡_ AvgivB e¨vUvwjq‡bi GKRb

cvwK¯—vbx AwdmviI _vK‡e| Aek¨ KgvwÛs Awdmv‡ii g‡Z †m hv‡e

Avgv‡K MvW© w`‡ZB| G Av‡`k cvjb Kiv Avgvi c‡¶ wQj Am¤¢e|

Avwg e›`‡i hvw”Q wKbv Zv †`Lvi Rb¨ GKRb †jvK wQj| Avi e›`‡i

ke©ixi cÖZx¶vq wQj †Rbv‡ij Avbmvix| nqZ ev Avgv‡K

wPiKv‡ji g‡ZvB m¦vMZ Rvbv‡Z|

Avgiv e›`‡ii c‡_ ‡ei“jvg| AvMªvev‡` Avgv‡`i _vg‡Z

n‡jv| c‡_ wQj e¨vwi‡KW| GB mg‡q †mLv‡b G‡jv †gRi

Lv‡jvKz¾vgvb †PŠayix| K¨v‡Þb Iwj Avng‡`i KvQ †_‡K GKevZ©v

G‡m‡Q| Avwg iv¯—vq nuuvUwQjvg| Lv‡jK Avgv‡K GKUy `~‡i wb‡q

†Mj| Kv‡b Kv‡b ejj, Zviv K¨v›Ub‡g›U I kn‡i mvgwiK ZrciZv

ïi“ K‡i‡Q| eû evOvjx†K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q|

GUv wQj GKUv wm×vš— Mªn‡Yi Pyovš‘ mgq| K‡qK †m‡K‡Ûi

g‡a¨B Avwg ejjvgÐAvgiv we‡`Övn Kijvg| Zywg †lvjkni evRv‡i

hvI | cvwK¯—vbx Awdmvi‡`i †MªdZvi K‡iv| Iwj Avn‡g`‡K e‡jv

e¨vUvwjqb ‰Zwi ivL‡Z, Avwg AvmwQ|.

Avwg ‡bŠevwnbxi Uªv‡Ki Kv‡Q wd‡i †Mjvg| cvwK¯—vbx

Awdmvi, †bŠevwnbxi Pxd †cwU Awdmvi I WªvBfvi‡K Rvbvjvg

†h Avgv‡`i Avi e›`‡i hvIqvi `iKvi †bB|

G‡Z Zv‡`i g‡b†Kvb cÖwZwµqv n‡jv bv †`‡L Avwg cvÄvex

WªvBfvi‡K UªvK Nyiv‡Z ejjvg| fvM¨ fvj, †m Avgvi Av‡`k

gvbj| Avgiv Avevi wd‡i Pjjvg| †lvjkni evRv‡i †cŠ‡QB Avwg

Mvwo †_‡K jvwd‡q †b‡g GKUv ivB‡dj Zy‡j wbjvg| cvwK¯—vbx

AwdmviwUi w`‡K ZvK K‡i ejjvg nvZ Zy‡jv| Avwg †Zvgv‡K

†MªdZvi Kijvg| †bŠevwnbxi †jv‡Kiv G‡Z weåvš— n‡q coj| ci

gyû‡Z©B Avwg ‡bŠevwnbxi Awdmv‡ii w`‡K ivB‡dj ZvK Kijvg|

Zviv wQj AvU R‡b | mevB Avgvi wb‡`©k gvbj Ges A¯¿ †d‡j w`j|

185

Avwg KgvwÛs Awdmv‡ii Rxc wb‡q Zvi evmvi w`‡K iIbv w`jvg| Zvi

evmvq †cŠ‡Q nvZ ivLjvg Kwjs‡e†j| KgvwÛs Awdmvi cvRvgv c‡iB

†ewi‡q G‡jv| Ly‡j w`j `iRv| w¶cÖMwZ‡Z Avwg Ny‡i Xy‡K cojvg

Ges Mjvï× Zvi Kjvi †U‡b aijvg|

`ª“ZMwZ‡Z Avevi `iRv Ly‡j K‡Y©j‡K Avwg evB‡i †U‡b

Avbjvg| ejjvg, e›`‡i cvwV‡q Avgv‡K gvi‡Z †P‡qwQ‡j? GB Avwg

†Zvgv‡K †MªdZvi Kijvg| GLb j²x ‡mvbvi gZ Avgvi m‡½ G‡mv|

‡m Avgvi K_v gvbj| Avwg Zv‡K e¨vUvwjq‡b wb‡q Gjvg|

Awdmvi‡`i †g‡m hvIqvi c‡_ Avwg K‡Y©j kIKZ‡K (ZLb

†gRi) WvKjvg| Zv‡K RvbvjvgÐAvgiv we‡`Övn K‡iwQ| kIKZ

Avgvi nv‡Z nvZ wgjvj|

e¨vUvwjq‡b wd‡i †`Ljvg, mg¯— cvwK¯—vbx Awdmvi‡K e›`x

K‡i GKUv N‡i ivLv n‡q‡Q| Avwg Awd‡m †Mjvg|†Póv Kijvg

†jdU¨v‡b›U K‡Y©j GgAvi †PŠayixi mv‡_ Avi †gRi iwd‡Ki mv‡_

†hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z| wKš‘ cvijvg bv| me‡Póv e¨_© n‡jv| Zvici wis

Kijvg †emvgwiK wefv‡Mi †Uwj‡dvb Acv‡iUi‡K| Zv‡K Aby‡iva

Rvbvjvg| †WcywU Kwgkbvi, cywjk mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U, Kwgkbvi,

wWAvBwR I AvIqvgxjxM †bZv‡`i Rvbv‡Z †h Bó †e½j †iwR‡g†›Ui

Aóg e¨vUvwjqb we‡`Övn K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZvi Rb¨ hy×

Ki‡e Zviv|

G‡`i mevi mv‡_B Avwg †Uwj‡dv‡b †hvMv‡hvM Kivi †Póv

K‡iwQ| wKš‘ KvD‡K cvBwb| Zvnv †Uwj‡dvb Acv‡iU‡ii gva¨‡gB

Avwg Zuv‡`i Lei w`‡Z †P‡qwQjvg| Acv‡iUi mvb‡›` Avgvi Aby‡iva

i¶v Ki‡Z ivwR n‡jv|

mgq wQj AwZ g~j¨evb| Avwg e¨vUvwjq‡bi Awdmvi, †RwmI

Avi †Rvqvb‡`i WvKjvg| Zv‡`i D‡Ï‡k fvlY w`jvg| Zviv meB

RvbZ| Avwg ms‡¶‡c me ejjvg Ges Zv‡`i wb‡`©k w`jvg mk¯¿

msMªv‡g AeZxY© n‡Z| Zviv me©m¤§wZµ‡g üówP‡Ë G Av‡`k ‡g‡b

wbj| Avwg Zv‡`i GKUv mvgwiK cwiKíbv w`jvg|

ZLb ivZ 2Uv †e‡R 15 wgwbU | 26†k gvP©| 1971 mvj|

i³ AvL‡i ev½vjxi ü`‡q †jLv GKwU w`b| evsjv‡`‡ki RbMY

wPiw`b m¥iY ivL‡e GB w`bwU‡K| m¥iY ivL‡Z fvjevm‡e| GB

w`bwU‡K Zviv †Kvbw`b fyj‡e bv| †KvÐbÐw`ÐbÐbv|ÕÕ.

PÆMªvg¯’ Bó †e½j †iwR‡g›Uvj †m›Uv‡i KZ©e¨iZ K¨v‡Þb Gbvgyj nK

†PŠayixi mv¶vZKvi nB‡Z PÆMªv‡gi Z`vwbš—b Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© GKwU aviYv

cvIqv hvq| 24‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L mKv‡ji w`‡K †Rbv‡ij Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb

186

(wmIGm cvwK¯—vb Avwg©) Ges Ab¨vb¨ †gRi †Rbv‡ijMY †nwjKÞvi †hv‡M PÆMªvg

Av‡mb| Zvnv‡`i mwnZ weª‡MwWqvi AvbmvixI Av‡mb| H mg‡q PÆMªv‡gi

mveЇRvbvj gvkv©j j G¨vW&wgwb‡óªUi weª‡MwWqvi gRyg`vi mKv‡j PÆMªvg e›`‡i

wMqvwQ‡jb| weª‡MwWqvi AvbmvixI Ô‡mvqvZÕ RvnvR nB‡Z A¯¿k¯¿ª Lvjvm

Kwievi Rb¨ †nwjKÞv‡i †hv‡M e›`‡i hvb| weKv‡j weª‡MwWqvi gRyg`vi

Dc‡iv³ †Rbv‡ij‡`i mwnZ XvKv Pwjqv hvb| 25‡k gvP© mKv‡j †jt K‡Y©j

Gg, Avi, ‡PŠayix (Pxd BÝUªv±i, BweAviwm) mg¯— A¯¿k¯¿ª ‰mb¨‡`i w`qv w`‡Z

e‡jb| 8g Bó †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui wKQy ‰mb¨ G¨vW&fvÝ cvwU© wnmv‡e c~‡e©B cvwK¯—v‡b

Pwjqv wMqvwQj| Zvnv‡`i mg¯— A¯¿k¯¿ª, Mvox Rgv w`qv hvB‡Z nBqvwQj| Lye Kg

A¯¿k¯¿ª, Mvox Aewkó ‰mb¨‡`i wbKU wQj| ivZ mv‡o GMviUvi mgq 8g †e½j

†_‡K K¨v‡Þb gxi kIKZ Avjx Zvnv‡K †Uwj‡dv‡b BweAviwmÔi mKjMvox

Zvnv‡`i Rb¨ cvVvBqv w`‡Z e‡jb KviY Zvnv‡`i Awab¯’ mK‡jB ÔGg wf

†mvqvZÕ †_‡K A¯¿k¯¿ Lvjvm Kwi‡Z hvB‡e| Bnvi wKQy c‡iB K¨v‡Þb Gbvgyj

Lei cvb †h XvKvq AevOvjx ‰mb¨iv cywjk I BwcAvi Gi Dci nvgjv Kwiqv‡Q

Ges Zvnviv we‡`Övn ‡Nvlbv Kwiqv‡Q| ZLb †jt K‡Y©j †PŠayixi wb‡`©k Abymv‡i

evwK me A¯¿k¯¿ª evOvjx ‰mb¨‡`i w`qv †`Iqv nq| Bnvi ciciB 20†ejyP

‡iwR‡g›U B we Avi wm Gi Dci cÖPÛ Avµgb K‡i| mvivivZ Avµgb P‡j Ges

GK nvRv‡ii †ekx evOvjx ‰mb¨‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq|

27‡k gvP© mKv‡j AvIqvgx jx‡Mi GgAvi wmwÏKx Zvnv‡K PÆMªvg

wek¦we`¨vj‡q Kg©iZ BwcAvi Gi KgvÛ wb‡Z ewj‡j wZwb †mLv‡b wMqv BwcAvi

evwnbx‡K msMwVZ K‡ib| †mLvb nB‡Z PÆMªvg kn‡i wdwiqv `yBw`b †QvU LvU

Acv‡ik‡b Ask Mªnb K‡ib| Zrci wZwb †dbx Mgb KiZt †mLv‡b gyw³hy×

msMVb Kwi‡Z _v‡Kb|

‡jd&‡U‡b›U kg‡mi gyweb †PŠayix gvP© gv‡m 8g Bó ‡e½j †iwR‡g‡›U

Kg©iZ wQ‡jb| KvßvB¯’ BwcAvi Gi G¨vwmm‡U›U DBs KgvÛvi K¨v‡Þb nvi“b

22†k gvP© PÆMªvg Avwmqv K¨v‡Þb LvwjKz¾vgvb, K¨v‡Þb Awj I †jt

†PŠayix†K jBqv K¨v‡Þb iwd‡Ki evmvq hvb| †mLv‡b AvIqvgx jx‡Mi `yB Rb

†bZ„¯’vbxq e¨w³ wQ‡jb| Zvnviv mevB PÆMªvg wek¦we`¨vj†q Mgb KiZt †mLv‡b

187

†`‡ki we`¨gvb cwiw¯’wZ jBqv Avjvc K‡ib| 23‡k gvP© K¨v‡Þb iwdK

Zvnvw`M‡K cÖ¯—yZ _vwK‡Z e‡jb| 25‡k gvP© weª‡MwWqvi Avbmvix iv¯—vi

†ewi‡KW cwi¯‹vi Kwievi Rb¨ Zvnv‡`i wmI‡K wb‡`©k †`b| weKv‡j K¨v‡Þb

iwdK‡K ‡dvb Kwi‡j wZwb e‡jb †h wZwb cÖ¯—yZ Av‡Qb| ivZ mv‡o 11 Uvq †jt

K‡Y©j RvbRyqvi wb‡`©k gZ †jt kg‡mi gyweb ‡PŠayix †gRi wRqvDi ingvb‡K

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188

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189

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190

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191

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Kwi‡Z cvwiqvwQ‡jb| 26‡k gvP© cvwK¯—vbx †mbviv †bŠNuvwU †_‡K AMªmi

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192

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Ges W. Rvd‡ii wbKU nB‡Z Rvwb‡Z cv‡ib †h †gRi wRqvDi ingvb Zvnvi

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193

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198

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199

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(`wjjcÎt beg LÛ, c„ôvÐ71)t

“It took about an hour to get all the scattered troops from different

places together. Maj (now Brig) Ziaur Rahman took over the

Command of 8 E Bengal and addressed the troops for few minutes-

“.................. We will have to organise quickly and face them at any

cost to save the country, are you all ready to do that with me ?” We

all agreed and promised by the name of Allah to do that.”

(A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

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200

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9g LÛ, c„t 59)t

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202

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(‡eZvi feb) hvIqvi cÖkœB I‡V bv| †mB gyû‡Z© XvKv †eZvi

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e³e¨ cÖPvi Ki‡Z Pvb wb‡Ri bvg D‡j−L mn| Avwg Zuv‡K Avgv‡`i

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203

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D‡`¨vM wb‡qwQ| kΓ c¶ †hb Avgv‡`i Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K© Lye mn‡R

avibv Ki‡Z bv cv‡i, †m R‡b¨B cwiwPZ bvg cÖPvi Ki‡ZB PvB

bv| Gg G nvbœvb Avgvi Aby‡iva i¶v K‡ib Ges e½eÜyi Revwb‡Z

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Gw`‡K 26‡k gvP© `ycy‡i Avwg PÆMªvg †ijI‡q wewìs Gi

cvnv‡o Ae¯’vbiZ B,wcAvi KgvÛvi K¨v‡Þb iwdKzj Bmjvg‡K

Aby‡iva K‡iwQjvg cÖPvi fe‡b cvnviv †gvZv‡q‡bi Rb¨| wZwb

K‡qKRb mkmª wmcvB cvVv‡eb K_v w`‡qwQ‡jb| wKš— c‡i Zv

Kvh©Ki K‡ib wb| ZvB †mB mܨvq KvjyiNvU cÖPvi fe‡b wbivcËv

nxbZvq wQjvg| iv‡Î evmvq wd‡i G‡m †dv‡b eÜyevÜe‡`i m‡½

†hvMv‡hvM Kwi| GKRb eÜy P›`bcyivq Zv‡ni †mvenvb e‡jb

iwdKzj Bmjvg K_v w`‡q‡Q cvnvivi e¨e¯’v ‡Kb Ki‡Z cvi‡jb

bv, eyS‡Z cviwQ bv| wZwb †Zv K¨v‡Þb| Avwg Zuvi †P‡q Ic‡ii

†cv‡÷i GKR‡bi nw`m Rvwb| GKRb †gRi, Z‡e Zuvi bvg Rvwb

bv| wZwb c‡Z½v e›`‡i †bv½i Kiv cvwK¯—vwb hy×RvnvR ÔeveiÕ I

‡mvqvZ †_‡K Amª Pvjv‡bvi G¨vmvBb‡g›U wb‡q †`ok ‰mb¨ mn

†nW‡KvqvUv‡ii evB‡i Av‡mb| Avi wd‡i hvbwb| AvR (A_©vr

26gvP© w`evMZ) iv‡Î wZwb cwUqv _vbvq Av‡Qb| 27gvP© cªPvi

eÜ †i‡L Avwg cwUqv hvB Ges †mLv‡bB †c‡q hvB †gRi

wRqvDi ingvb‡K| wZwb Av‡Mi mܨvq/iv‡Î Avgv‡`i Abyôvb

ï‡b‡Qb Ges Drmvn †eva K‡i‡Qb| Avwg Zuv‡K Zvi fvmgvb QvDwb

KvjyiNvU ¯’vbvš—‡ii cÖ¯—ve w`‡ZB wZwb m¤§wZ cÖKvk K‡ib Ges

cÖ_‡g Zuvi ‰mb¨†`i 3wU jwi‡Z hvÎv Kwi‡q †`b KvjyiNv‡Ui

D‡Ï‡k¨| c‡i GKwU Rx‡c `ÕyRb K¨v‡Þb m½x‡K wb‡q wb‡RI hvÎv

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wZwb kni †Q‡o Nigy‡Lv kÖgRxwe‡`i mvg‡b Mvwo _vwg‡q Zuv‡`i

Kg©¯’‡j wd‡i †h‡Z e‡jb|

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wZwb D`©~ evKfw½‡Z D”PviY K‡ibt wVK Av‡Q ?

‡gRi wRqvDi ingv‡bi cvVv‡bv wmcvBMY `ª“Z nv‡Z †UªÝ

Ly‡o KvjyiNv†U cvnvivq wb‡qvwRZ nb| cÖPvi fe‡bi GKwU K‡¶

†mB 27 †k gvP© mܨvq GKv‡š— Kx g‡b K‡i nVvr K‡i Avwg ewj

Av”Qv ‡gRi mv‡ne Avgiv †Zv me gvBbi; Avcwb †gRi wnmv‡e

wb‡Ri K‡Ú wKQy cÖPvi Ki‡j †Kgb nq ? K_vwU wQj wbZvš— iwmKZv|

204

wZwb wb‡qwQ‡jb ¸i“Z¡c~Y© cÖ¯—ve wn†m‡e| m‡½ m‡½ e‡jwQ‡jb n¨vu,

wKš‘ wK ejv hvq, ejyb †Zv ? Avwg GK cvZv KvMR GwM‡q

w`‡qwQjvg| e‡jwQjvg t †`Lyb, e½eÜyi c¶ †_‡K ej‡eb ? nu¨v

wVKB e‡j‡Qb|Ð wb‡Ri bv‡gi †k‡l Zxi wPý w`‡q wj‡LwQ‡jb t On

behalf of our great national leader Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

cÖwZwU kã wZwbI D”PviY K‡ib Ges Avwg D”PviY Kwi| Gfv‡eB †jLv

n‡qwQj e³e¨wU | 1981m‡bi gvP© gv‡m evsjv‡`k †eZv‡ii

KZ„©c‡¶i wb‡`©‡k Avwg Avgvi m¥„wZ †_‡K hv wjwce× K‡iwQjvg,

G‡Z fvlv I kãMZ wKQy weåg NU‡jI AweK…ZB i‡q‡Q| †hgb

Ð

I, Major Zia, on behalf of our great national leader Bangabandhu

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman do hereby declare independence of Bangladesh.

Brutal Punjabi Army has suddenly attached on peace loving people. They

have violated all the military rules and regulations. They ae armed with ‘So

and so’ ( mgiv‡¯¿i bvg ) war weapons. We have been united

spontaneously to resist the militar Junata, Insa-Alla, it will take not more

than two days to uproot the barbarous raiders. Now we requrie arms and

ammunitions from our friendly countries. Victory is our, Kuda Hafez, Joy

Bangla.

e¯—yZ e½eÜy KZ„©K evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv †Nvlbvi welqwU

26 I 27 gvP© hv‡`i K‡Ú cÖPvwiZ n‡qwQj Zuviv mevB ÔÔ‡eZvi

KÚÕÕ| GKRb wewkó †eZvi KÚ wn‡me †gRi wRqv 27 gvP© mܨvq

AvgviB Zvr¶wbK cÖ¯—v‡e I cÖZ¨¶ mn‡hvwMZvq Ask †bb|

G e¨vcv‡i 27gvP© `ycy‡i cwUqvq Zvi m‡½ Avgvi †`Lv

nevi ci †_‡K mܨvi cÖPvi fe‡b AvMgb ch©š— Zuvi g‡a¨

†Kv‡bv cÖ¯—ywZ Avwg j¶¨ Kwiwb| wZwb wQ‡jb Avgv‡`i g‡a¨ 9g

†eZvi KÚ| Z‡e j¶¨ K‡iwQjvg, KvKZvjxq fv‡eB H mg‡q

GKRb †gR‡ii KÚm¦i AZ¨š— mgqDc‡hvMx ev mycÖ‡hvR¨

n‡qwQj| e½eÜyi Abymvix ev½vwj Avwg©I Av‡Q GUv wQj Avgv‡`i

Rbmvavi‡Yi Rb¨ mvnm mÂvqK|ÕÕ (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)|

‡ejvj †gvnv¤§` Zvnvi wjwLZ Ôm¦vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K›`ªÕ cy¯—‡K GKB Z_¨

cÖKvk Kwiqv‡Qb|

Gevi †`Lv hvK wRqvDi ingvb wb‡R G m¤¦‡Ü wK ewjqvwQ‡jb| 1972

m‡bi 26‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L ‰`wbK evsjvq cÖKvwkZ Zvnvi GKwU †jLv nB‡Z msKwjZ

K‡i Z`vwbš—b †jt K‡Y©j wRqvDi ingvb Gi mv¶vZKvi `wjjcÎ Gi beg L‡Û

205

cÖKvwkZ nBqvwQj| 27‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L cÖ`Ë fvlY m¤¦‡Ü wZwb ewj‡Z‡Qb (c„t

44Ð45)t

ÔÔ...............ZvB kni †Q‡o hvevi Av‡MB wek¦evmxi Kv‡Q K_v

Rvwb‡q hvevi R‡b¨ †gRi wRqv 27‡k gvP© mܨvq PÆMªvg

†eZvi †K‡›`ª hvb| †eZvi †K‡›`ªi Kgx©iv †gRi wRqv‡K †c‡q

Drdzj− n‡q I‡Vb| wKš‘ wK ej‡jj wZwb ? GKwU K‡i

wee„wZ †j‡Lb Avevi Zv wQu‡o †d‡jb| wK Rvbv‡eb wZwb

wek¦evmx Ges †`kevmx‡K †eZvi gvidr ? Gw`‡K †eZvi

Kgx©iv evievi †Nvlbv KiwQ‡jbÐAvi c‡bi wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨

†gRi wRqv fvlY †`‡eb| wKš‘ c‡bi wgwbU cvi n‡q †Mj|

†gRi wRqv gvÎ wZb jvBb wjL‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| ZLb Zvi

gvbwmK Ae¯’v eySvevi bq| wee„wZ †jLvi SuywKI wQj A‡bK|

fve‡Z nw”Qj kãPqb, e³e¨ †ck cÖf„wZ wb‡q|

cÖvq †`o N›Uv †gvmvwe`vi ci wZwb ‰Zix K‡ib Zuvi

†mB HwZnvwmK fvlYwU| wb‡RB †mUv wZwb evsjv Ges

Bs‡iRx‡Z cvV K‡ib|ÕÕ (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

‡h †Kvb gvb`‡Û Ôm¦vaxbZv †NvlbvÕ GKwU gvby‡li Rxe‡b m‡e©v”P

‡MŠiegq NUbv| wKš‘ ‡jt K‡Y©j wRqvDi ingvb 1972 m‡b Zvnvi †jLvq ev

mv¶vrKv‡i †Kv_vI evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv cÖ`v‡bi `vex K‡ib bvB|

†`‡ki m‡e©v”P Ae¯’v‡b Av‡ivnb KwiqvI wZwb Zvnvi RxeÏkvq GBiƒc †Kvb

`vex K‡ib bvB| 1977 m‡bi 15B wW‡m¤¦i weRq w`em Dcj‡¶

‡iwWIІUwjwfk‡b cÖ`Ë e³„Zvq †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingvb 1971 m‡bi 27‡k gv‡P©

Zvnvi fvlY m¤¦‡Ü e‡jb (G¨v‡bKPviÐGd, 01Ð06Ð2009 Zvwi‡Li Gwd‡Wwf‡Ui

mwnZ

mshy³) t

ÔÔÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐGB cweÎ gyû‡Z© Avgvi g‡b co‡Q 1971 mv‡ji

27‡k gv‡P©i K_v †mw`b PÆMªv‡gi KvjyiNvU †eZvi †K›`ª

†_‡K Avgvi ejevi my‡hvM n‡qwQj|ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÕÕ

‡iwWIЇUwjwfk‡b cÖ`Ë fvlY m¤ú‡K© we¯—vwiZ msev` ciw`b 16Ð12Ð1977

Zvwi‡L The Bangladesh Observer G cÖKvwkZ nBqvwQj| mswk−ó AskwU wbæiƒc

t

206

“............on this sacred occasion I remember the 27th day of March

1971 when I had the opportunity to speak to you from Kalurghat

Radio Station. Today I ..................... (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)|

wKš‘ wZwb GKev‡ii Rb¨I e‡jb bvB †h wZwb m¦vaxbZv †Nvlbv w`qvwQ‡jb

A_ev wZwb m¦vaxbZvi †NvlK wQ‡jb| KviY wZwb wbðq GBiƒc `vexi evjwLj¨Zv

m¤¦‡Ü mRvM wQ‡jb|

evsjv‡`‡ki mv‡o mvZ †KvwU gvby‡li c‡¶ m¦vaxbZvi WvK w`‡Z nB‡j

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207

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209

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210

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211

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RvwZi RbK Father of the Nation wnmv‡e Awaôvb jvf Kwiqv‡Qb|

212

Avš—R©vwZK A½‡Y me©cÖ_g 1971 m‡bi 16 wW‡m¤¦i Zvwi‡L fviZxq

cvj©v‡g‡›U fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x Bw›`iv MvÜx D”PviY K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb

(Bangladesh Documents, Vol-II P-550) t

STATEMENT BY PRIME MINISTER INDIRA GANDHI IN

PARLIAMENT ON PAKISTAN ARMY’S SURRENDER IN BANGLA DESH

December 16, 1971.

I have an announcement to make. The West Pakistan forces

unconditionally surrender in Bangla Desh. The instrument of surrender was

signed in Dacca at 1631 hours I.S.T. today by Lt.-Gen. A.A.K. Niazi on

behalf of the Pakistan Eastern Command. Lt.-Gen. Jagjit Singh Aurora,

GOC-in-C of the Indian and Bangla Desh forces in the Eastern Theatre,

accepted the surrender. Dacca is now the free capital of a free country.

This House and the entire nation rejoice in this historic event. We

hail the people of Bangla Desh in their hour of triump. We hail the brave

young men and boys of the Mukti Bahini for their valour and dedication.

We are proud of our own Army, Navy, Air Force and theBorder Security

Force, who have so maginificently demonstrated thier quality and

capacity. Their discipline and devotion to duty are well known. India will

remember with gratitude the sacrifices of those who have laid down their

lives, and our thoughts are with thier familities.

Our Armed Forces are under strict orders to treat Pakistani

priononers of war in accordance with the Geneva Convention and to deal all

of the population of Bangla Desh in a humane manner. The Commanders of

the Mukti Bahini have issued similar orders to their forces. Although the

Government of Bangla Desh have not yet been given an opportunity to sign

the Geneva Convention, they also have declared that they will fully abide

by it. It will be the responsibilty of the Government of Bangla Desh, the

Mukti Bahini and the Indian armed forces to prevent any reprisals.

Our objectives were limited-to assist the gallant poeple of Bangla

Desh and their Mukti Bahini to liberate their country from a reign of terror

and to resist aggression on our own land. Indian armed forces will not

remain in Bangla Desh any longer than is necessary.

The millions who were driven out of their homes across our borders

have already begun trekking back. The rehabillitation of this war-torn land

calls for dedicated team work by its Government and people.

213

We hope and trust that the Father of this new nation, Sheikh Mujibur

Rahman, will take rightful place among his own people and lead Bangla

Desh to peace, progress and prosperity. The time has come when they can

together look forward to a meaningful future in their Sonar Bangla. They

have our good wishes.

The triump is not theirs alone. All nations who value the human

spirit will recognise it as a significant milestone in man’s quest for liberty.”

(A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

D‡j−L¨ †h Bw›`iv MvÜx 6Ð11Ð1971 Zvwi‡L cÖ`Ë fvlYwU cÖ`v‡bi gvÎ 40

w`b c‡i fviZxq cvj©v‡g‡›U Dc‡iv³ wee„wZwU cÖ`vb KwiqvwQ‡jb|

1971 m‡bi 10B Rvbyqvix Zvwi‡L cvjvg wegvb e›`‡i ivóªcwZ wf wf wMwi

e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K Af¨_©bv Rvbvb| wZwb e‡jb (Bangladesh

Documents. Vol II P-605) t

“It gives me great joy and pleasure to welcome Bangabandhu

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to our country. This is an event which my

government and the people of India have looked forward to.

You are the embodiment of the undying spirit of suffering and

sacrifice in the cause of human liberty and human freedom. The emergence

of independent Bangla Desh is itself a unique event in the annals of

democratic movements in world history. You have truly been acclaimed

the Father of the new Nation, Bangla Desh. The trust and devotion of the

75 million people of Bangla Desh reposed in you, have led to the birth of

Sonar Bangla, and we have no doubt that it will come to occupy a pride of

place in the comity of nation.” (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

Z„Zxqevi †kL gywRe‡K RvwZi RbK e‡jb Z`vwbš—b †jt K‡Y©j wRqvDi

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wewkó AvBbRxwe, ivRbxwZwe` I †jLK Rbve gI`y` Avng` Zvnvi †kL

gywRei ingv‡bi kvmbKvjÕ (1983) cy¯—‡K 10Ð1Ð1972 Zvwi‡L †kL gywReyi

ingv‡bi m¦‡`k cÖZ¨veZ©b m¤¦‡Ü eY©bv Kwi‡Z wMqv e‡jb t

214

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(A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

ZvnvQvov, wePvicwZ Gg Gg nK Shahriar Rashid Khan V. Bangladesh 49

DLR (1997) 133 †gvKvÏgvq Indemnity (Repeal) Act, 1996 (Act XXI of 1996) ‰ea

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215

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Rvbyqvix, 1972 Zvwi‡L Bw›`iv MvÜx Zvunvi fvl‡Y e‡jb (Bangladesh Documents,

Vol. II Page 606) t

PRIME MINISTER INDIRA GANDHI’S SPEECH AT PUBLIC

MEETING AT DELHI TO WELCOME SHEIKH MUJIBUR RAHMAN

January 10, 1972.

Welcoming the President of Bangla Desh, Mrs. Indira Gandhi said

that Sheikh Mujibur Rahman had promised freedom to his people and given

it to them. India had taken a pledge to free Bangla Desh, free Mujib and

........................... She added, even when Mujibur Rahman was in a Pakistani

jail, the young men of Bangla Desh were drawing inspiration from him to

216

fight the military regime of Pakistan. It was due to his inspiration that

people of Bangla Desh were able to fight so gallantly.

(THE INDIAN EXPRESS, New Delhi-January 11, 1972).”

(A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

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217

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218

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219

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220

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Constitutional structure of the Commonwealth,1960, cÖe‡Ü autochthony e¨vL¨v K‡ib t

“ Autochthony” in its most common acceptance is the characteristic

of a Constitution which has been freed from any trace of

subordination to and any link with the original authority of the

Parliament of foreign power that made it. The aim is to give a

constitutional instrument the force of law through its own native

221

authority. A factual autochthony is generally achieved after a

revolution.” [1989 BLD (spl.) para -51 page-60 nB‡Z DׄZ]|

c~‡e© eY©bv Kiv nBqv‡Q †h †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb cÖ`Ë Legal Frame Work

Gi AvIZvq 1970 m‡bi wW‡m¤¦i gv‡m cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖ_g I †kl †K›`ªxq mvaviY

wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| Bnvi Ab¨Zg cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ wQj †h RbM‡Yi mivmwi wbe©vwPZ

cÖwZwbwaMY cvwK¯—v‡bi Rb¨ GKwU msweavb cÖYqb Kwi‡eb| wKš‘ wKfv‡e GB

D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú~Y©fv‡e e¨_© nBj Zvnv c~‡e©B Av‡jvPbv Kiv nBqv‡Q| Bnvi ci 26‡k

gvP© Zvwi‡L j¶ j¶ evOvjxi i‡³i †mªv‡Zi ga¨ w`qv evsjv‡`k Rb¥ Mªnb K‡i

Ges GKwU i³v³ gyw³hy‡×i ci 1971 m‡bi 16B wW‡m¤¦i Zvwi‡L m¦vaxbZv jvf

K‡i|

22Ð3Ð1972 Zvwi‡L Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh Order, 1972 (P.O.22

of 1972) e‡j evsjv‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix Z`vwbš—b c~e© cvwK¯—vb nB‡Z

wbe©vwPZ RvZxq I cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡`i mKj m`m¨MY Øviv evsjv‡`‡ki MYcwil`

¯’vcb Kiv nq| D³ MYcwil` mv‡o mvZ gv‡miI Kg mg‡qi g‡a¨ 4Ð11Ð1972

Zvwi‡L evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb cÖYqb I wewae× KiZt evsjv‡`‡ki Avcvgi

RbM‡Yi c‡¶ Mªnb K‡ib| †h‡nZy, GB msweavb evsjv‡`‡ki gvwjK Bnvi

mve©‡fŠg (sovereign) Avcvgi RbM‡Yi AwfcÖv‡qi Awfe¨w³ Ges Zvnv‡`i B”Qv

Awb”Qv Ges m¦cœ‡K cÖwZdwjZ K‡i †m‡nZy Bnv †`‡ki m‡e©v”P I Aj•Nbxq

AvBb| RbM‡Yi †kÖôZ¡ Ges msweav‡bi cÖvavb¨ msweav‡bi 7 Aby‡”Q‡` eY©bv

Kiv nBqv‡Q| Bnv wbæiƒc t

ÔÔ 7 (1) cÖRvZ‡š¿i mKj ¶gZvi gvwjK RbMY; Ges

RbM‡Yi c‡¶ †mB ¶gZvi cÖ‡qvM †Kej GB msweav‡bi Aaxb

I KZ„©‡Z¡ Kvh©Ki nB‡e|

(2) RbM‡Yi AwfcÖv‡qi cig Awfe¨w³iƒ‡c GB

msweavb cÖRvZ‡š¿i m‡e©v”P AvBb Ges Ab¨ †Kvb AvBb hw`

GB msweav‡bi mwnZ AmvgÄm nq, Zvnv nB‡j †mB AvB‡bi

hZLvwb AmvgÄm¨c~Y©, ZZLvwb evwZj nB‡e|ÕÕ

Dc‡iv³ 7 Aby‡”Q` m¤¦‡Ü wePvicwZ e`i“j nvq`vi ‡PŠayix

222

Anwar Hossain Chowdhury etc. V. Bangladesh (1989) BLD (spl.) ‡gvKvÏgvq wb‡æv³

gš—e¨ K‡ib (c¨vivÐ52,c„t 60)t

“ On analysis the Article reveals the following :

a) All powers in the Republic belong to the people. This is the

concept of sovereignty of the people. This echoes the words

of the proclamation “ by the mandate given to us by the

people of Bangladesh whose will is supreme”.

b) This exercise on behalf of the people shall be effected only

under, and by the authority of this Constitution. Limited

government with three organ performing designated

functions is envisaged. In the Proclamation it was said the

President “ shall exercise all the Executive and Legislative

Powers of the Republic” “ till such time as Constitution is

framed” and he will “do all other things that may be

necessary to give to the people of Bangladesh an orderly and

just Government. Hence separation of Powers emerges as a

necessary corollary of designated functions;

c) Supreme Law of the Republic. That points to supremacy of

the Constitution because;

d) Any law is void to the extent of inconsistency with the

Supreme Law (i.e. the Constitution) which therefore

contemplates judiciary;

(e) Supreme Court with plenary judicial power for maintenance

of the supremacy of the Constitution”.

`yBkZ em‡iiI c~‡e© Thomas Paine msweavb m¤¦‡Ü ewjqv‡Qb t

“ A Constitution is not the act of a government, but of a people

constituting a government, and a government without constitution is power

without right ......... A constitution is a thing antecedent to a government;

and a government is only the creature of a constitution (1792)(Quoted from

Hilaire Bernett on Constitutional And Administrative Law, Fourth Edition,

2002, page-7).

( the underlings are mine).

223

Thomas McIntyre Cooley ÔA Treastise on the Constitutional Limitations (1868)

bvgK weL¨vZ Mª‡š’ e‡jbt

“A Constitution is sometimes defined as the fundamental law of a

state, containing the principles upon which the government is

founded, regulating the division of the soverign powers, and

directing to what persons each of these powers is to be confided, and

the manner in which it is to be exercised. Perhaps an equally

complete definition would be, that body of rules and maxims in

accordance with which the powers of sovereignty are habitually

exercised.” (De Capo Press, New York, 1972, c„ôv 2 nB‡Z

DׄZ)|

GBiƒc ZvwË¡K Ae¯’vb nB‡Z Avgiv GLb we‡ePbv Kwie †h, msweavb

Kvnv‡K e‡j Ges Gi ¸i“Z¡ KZLvwb|

Professor K.C. Wheare Zuvnvi weL¨vZ Mªš’ Modern Constitution (2q ms¯‹iY,

1996, c„óvÐ1Ð5) †Z ÕmsweavbÕ GBfv‡e e¨vL¨v K‡ib t

“The word ‘Constitution’ is commonly used in at least two senses in any

ordinary discussion of political affairs. First of all it is used to describe the

whole system of government of a country, the collection of rules which

establish and regulate or govern the government……… What is more, this

selection is almost invariable a selection of legal rules only. ‘The

Constitution’, then, for most countries in the world, is a selection of the

Legal rules which govern the government of that country and which have

been embodied in a document.” ...............What is more, in the United

States, if an act of Congress or an act of any State legislature or of any other

rule-making authority in the country, conflicts with the terms of the

Constitution, it is void.”

msweavb m‡e©v”P AvBb KviY Zvnv RbM‡Yi B”Qv‡K cÖwZdwjZ K‡i|

Alexander Hamilton G m¤¦‡Ü The Federalist G e‡jb t

“ No legislative act, therefore, contrary to the constitution can be

valid. To deny this would be to affirm than the deputy is greater that

his principal; that the sevant is above his master, that the

representatives of the people are superior to the people themselves;

224

.......................................the Constitution ought to be preferred to the

Statute, the intention of the people to the intention of their agents.”

(A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)|

`yBkZ ermi c~‡e© hy³iv‡óªi mycÖxg †Kv‡U©i Justice William Paterson US

Circuit Court, Pennsylvania †Z Vanhorne’s Lessee V. Dorrance (1795) †gvKvÏgvq

msweav‡bi †kÖôZ¡ m¤¦‡Ü e‡jb t

“What is a Constitution ? It is the form of government, delineated by the

mighty hand of the people, in which certain first principles of fundamental

laws are established. The Constitution is certain and fixed; it contains the

permanent will of the people, and is the supreme law of the land; it is

paramount to the power of the Legislature, and can be revoked or altered

only by the authority that made it. The life-giving principle and the death-

doing stroke must proceed from the same hand. What are Legislatures?

Creatures of the Constitution; they owe their existence to the Constitution:

they derive their powers from the Constitution: It is their commission; and,

therefore, all their acts must be conformable to it, or else they will be void.

The constitution is the work or will of the People themselves, in their

original, sovereign, and unlimited capacity. Law is the work or will of the

Legislature in their derivative and subordinate capacity. The one is the work

of the Creator, and the other of the Creature. The Constitution fixes limits to

the exercise of legislative authority, and prescribes the orbit within which it

must move. In short, gentlemen, the Constitution is the sun of the political

system, around which all Legislative, Executive and Judicial bodies must

revolve. Whatever may be the case in other countries, yet in this there can

be no doubt, that every act of the Legislature, repugnant to the Constitution,

is absolutely void…….” (John B. Sholley: Cases on Constitutional Law,

page-26,27 nB‡Z DׄZ) (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)|

Marbury V. Madison (1803) †gvKvÏgvq hy³ivóª mycÖxg †Kv‡U©i cÖavb

wePvicwZ John Marshall msweavb m¤¦‡Ü cÖkœ DÌvcb K‡ib t

“ The question, whether an act, repugnent to the Constitution, can

become the law of the land,....................The judicial power of the

United States is extended to all cases arising under the

Constitution..................... that a law repugnant to the constitution is

void; and that Courts as well as other departments, are bound by that

225

instrument.”(cases and materials on constituted law By Professor

John P. Frank, 1952).”

Fazlul Kader Chowdhury V. Mohammed Abdul Hoque PLD 1963 SC486

†gvKvÏgvq wePvicwZ nvgy`yi ingvb msweavb m¤¦‡Ü e‡jb (c„t 535)t

“The fundamental principle underlying a written Constitution is that it not

only specifies the persons or authorities in whom the sovereign powers of

the State are to be vested but also lays down fundamental rules for the

selection or appointment of such persons or authorities and above all fixes

the limits of the exercise of those powers. Thus the written Constitution is

the source from which all governmental power emanates and it defines its

scope and ambit so that each functionary should act within his respective

sphere. No power can, therefore, be claimed by any functionary which is

not to be found within the four corners of the Constitution nor can anyone

transgress the limits therein specified.” (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)|

A.T.Mridha V. State 25 DLR (1973) 335, †gvKvÏgvq wePvicwZ e`&i“j nvq`vi

†PŠayix msweavb m¤¦‡Ü e‡jb ( c¨viv Ð10, c„óvÐ344) t

“ …………. The Constitution is the supreme law and all laws are to be

tested in the touch stone of the Constitution (vide article 7). It is the

supreme law because it exists, it exists because the Will of the people is

reflected in it. ” (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)|

Md. Shoib V. Government of Bangladesh 27 DLR (1975) 315 ‡gvKvÏgvq

wePvicwZ wW wm fÆvPvwiqv msweavb m¤¦‡Ü e‡jb (c¨vivÐ20, c„t 325)t

“............. the Constitution being the solemn expression of the will

of the people, is the Supreme law of the Republic and all powers of

the Republic and their exercise shall be effected only under, and by

the authority of, the Constitution. This is a basic concept on which

the modern states have been built up.”

msweavb †kÖô KviY Bnv RbM‡Yi cÖ‡qvR†b RbMY KZ„©„K m„ó Ges RbM‡Yi

B”Qv I Awfe¨w³i cÖwZdjb|

226

GLv‡b D‡j−L¨ †h ZvwË¡Kfv‡e hy³iv‡R¨i ivYx GLbI mve©‡fŠg I iv†óªi

GK”QÎ AwacwZ Ges †Kvbi“c e¨wZµg QvovB iv‡R¨i mK‡jB Zuvnvi cÖRv| wKš‘

evsjv‡`k iv‡óª RbMYB mve©‡fŠg Ges †`‡ki GK”QÎ gvwjK| †`‡ki ivóªcwZ,

cÖavbgš¿x, ¯úxKvi I cÖavb wePvicwZmn cÖRvZ‡š¿i K‡g© wb‡qvwRZ mK‡jB

evsjv‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi †meK| evsjv‡`‡ki mve©‡fŠg RbMY Zvnv‡`i GB me©gq

¶gZv I †kÖôZ¡ Zvnv‡`i wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa gvidZ cÖ‡qvM K‡ib| GLv‡b D‡j−L¨

†h RbM‡Yi cÖwZwbwaMY wbe©vwPZ wKš‘ mve©‡fŠg b‡nb|

msweav‡bi 150 Aby‡”Q‡` RvwZi µvwš—jxb I A¯’vqx weavbvejx m¤¦‡Ü

wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Kiv nBqv‡Q| 150 Aby‡”Q` wbæiƒct

ÔÔ 150| GB msweav†bi Ab¨ †Kvb weavb m‡Z¡I PZy_© Zd&wm‡j

ewY©Z µvwš—Kvjxb I A¯’vqx weavbvejx Kvh©Ki nB‡e|ÕÕ

µvwš—Kvjxb I A¯’vqx weavbvejx hvnv msweavb cÖeZ©‡bi ZvwiL 1972

m‡bi 16B wW‡m¤¦i Zvwi‡L we`¨gvb wQj ïay †mB¸wji †¶‡Î AÎ 150 Aby‡”Q`

cÖ‡hvR¨ nB‡e|

Dc‡iv³ Aby‡”Q‡`i AvIZvq PZy_© Zdmxj cÖYqb Kiv nBqv‡Q| g~j

PZy_© Zdmx‡j †gvU 17wU `dv mshy³ Kiv nBqvwQj| †h‡nZy PZy_© Zdwmj

msweav‡bi 150 Aby‡”Q` Gi AvIZvq m„ó Ges †h‡nZy D³ 17wU `dv 150

Aby‡”Q‡`i AvIZvq cÖYxZ Ges PZy_© Zdmx‡j mshy³, †mB‡nZy D³ 17wU `dv

msweav‡bi A½v½xf~Z Ask|

m¦xK…Z g‡ZB 25‡k gv‡P©i w`evMZ iv‡Î 26‡k gv‡P©i cÖ_g cÖn‡i

evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv †Nvlbv nq| †mB gyûZ© nB‡Z we‡k¦ evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi i³v³

Rb¥ nq| 1972 m‡bi 4Vv b‡f¤¦i evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb wewae× I M„nxZ nq

Ges 16B wW‡m¤¦i D³ msweavb cÖeZ©‡bi m‡½ m‡½ MYcwil` fvw½qv hvq| wKš‘

1971 m‡bi 26‡k gvP© nB‡Z gyw³hy×Kvjxb mg‡q Ges 1972 m‡bi 16B

wW‡m¤¦i ZvwiL ch©š— †h mKj mvsweavwbK `wjjv`x, AvBb cÖYqb Ges

AwdmÐAv‡`k mg~n cÖ`vb Kiv nBqvwQj Zvnv Aby‡gvw`Z I mgw_©Z nBevi cÖ‡qvRb

wQj| gyw³hy×Kvjxb evsjv‡`k miKvi, Bnvi cwiPvwjZ gyw³hy×, gyw³hy×Kvjxb

227

mg‡q wewfbœ †`‡ki mwnZ m¤úvw`Z Pyw³ Ges evsjv‡`k I Bnvi miKvi‡K Avš—

Rv©wZK AvB‡b Mªnb‡hvM¨ m¦¦xK…wZ cÖ`vb BZ¨vw` wewfbœ c`‡¶c¸wjiI mvsweavwbK

m¦xK…wZ cÖ‡qvRb wQj| ZvnvQvov, gyw³hy× mvdj¨RbKfv‡e mgvwß A‡š—

evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv AR©b cieZx© Kv‡j ivóªcwZ KZ„©K cÖ`Ë wewfbœ Av‡`k

I c`‡¶c, cªavbgš¿x I Zuvnvi gš¿xmfv, nvB‡Kv‡U©i cÖavb wePvicwZ I

wePviKe„›` Ges wePviwefvM, Kiv‡ivc BZ¨vw` ivóª cwiPvjbv msµvš— wewfbœ

welqvw` I c`‡¶c mg~‡ni mvsweavwbK Aby‡gv`‡biI AvBbMZ cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

wQj| GB Kvi‡YB msweav‡b 149 I 150 Aby‡”Q` ms‡hvRb Avek¨K wQj| 149

Aby‡”Q` cÖPwjZ AvB‡bi †ndvRZ Kwiqv‡Q Ges 150 Aby‡”Q` Dc‡i ewY©Z

µvwš—Kvjxb I A¯’vqx weavbvejxi mvsweavwbK Aby‡gv`b cÖ`vb Kwiqv‡Q|

GBiƒcfv‡e evsjv‡`‡k iv‡óªi Af~¨`†qi mgq nB‡Z 1972 m‡bi 16B wW‡m¤¦i

ZvwiL msweavb cÖeZ©‡bi c~e© ch©š— cÖYxZ mKj mvsweavwbK `wjj, AvBb,

Av‡`k, c`‡¶c BZ¨vw` µvwš—Kvjxb I A¯’vqx weavbvejx PZy_© Zcwm‡j ewY©Z

17wU `dvi Aš—f~©³ Ges †mB eive‡i m¤ú~Y©fv‡e msweav‡bi Aš—f~©³ I Ask|

†h‡nZy, D³ 17wU `dv msweav‡bi Aš—M©Z †mB‡nZy msweav‡bi 7 Aby‡”Q`I

g~j PZy_© Zdmx‡j ewY©Z D³ 17wU `dvi Dc‡i m¤ú~Y© fv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨|

cÖZxqgvb nq †h 1971 m‡bi 10B GwcÖj Zvwi‡L gyw³hy× Kvjxb

evsjv‡`k miKvi gywRebMi nB‡Z AvbyôvwbKfv‡e m¦vaxbZv †Nvlbv K‡ib| D³

m¦vaxbZv ‡Nvlbv wbæiƒc t

“THE PROCLAMATION OF INDEPENDENCE

MUJIBNAGAR, BANGLADESH

Dated 10th day of April, 1971.

WHEREAS free elections were held in Bangladesh from 7th

December, 1970 to 17th January, 1971, to elect representatives for the

purpose of framing a Constitution,

AND

WHEREAS at these elections the people of Bangladesh elected 167

out of 169 representatives belonging to the Awami League,

AND

228

WHEREAS General Yahya Khan summoned the elected

representatives of the people to meet on the 3rd March, 1971, for the

purpose of framing a Constitution,

AND

WHEREAS the Assembly so summoned was arbitrarily and

illegally postponed for an indefinite period,

AND

WHEREAS instead of fulfilling their promise and while still

conferring with the representatives of the people of Bangladesh, Pakistan

authorirties declared an unjust and treacherous war,

WHEREAS in the facts and circumstances of such treacherous

conduct Banga Bandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the undisputed leader of

75 million of people of Bangladesh, in due fulfillment of the legitimate right

of self-determination of the people of Bangladesh, duly made a declaration

of independence at Dacca on March 26, 1971, and urged the people of

Bangladesh to defend the honour and integrity of Bangladesh,

AND

WHEREAS in the conduct of a ruthless and savage war the Pakistan

authorities committed and are still continously committing numerous acts of

genocide and unprecedented tortures, amongst others on the civilian and

unarmed people of Bangladesh,

AND

WHEREAS the Pakistan Government by levying an unjust war and

committing genocide and by other repressive measures made it impossible

for the elected representatives of the people of Bangladesh to meet and

frame a Constitution, and give to themselves a Government,

WHEREAS the people of Bangladesh by their heroism, bravery and

revolutionary fervour have established effective control over the territories

of Bangladesh.

We the elected representatives of the people of Bangladesh, as

honour bound by the mandate given to us by the people of Bangladesh

whose will is supreme duly constituted ourselves into a Constitutent

Assembly, and

having held mutual consultations, and

in order to ensure for the people of Bangladesh equality, human

dignity and social justice.

229

declare and constitute Bangladesh to be a sovereign People’s

Republic and thereby confirm the delcaration of independence already made

by Banga Bandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, and

do hereby affirm and resolve that till such time as a Constitution is

framed, Banga Bandhu Shekih Mujibur Rahman shall be the President of

the Republic and that Syed Nazrul Islam shall be the Vice-President of the

Republic, and

that the President shall be the Supreme Commander of all the Armed

Froces of the Republic,

shall exercise all the Executive and Legislative powers of the

Republic including the power to grant pardon.

shall have the power to appoint a Prime Minister and such other

Ministers as he considers necessary,

shall have the power to levy taxes and expend monies,

shall have the power to summon and adjourn the Constituent

Assembly, and

do all other things that may be necessary to give to the people of

Bangladesh an orderly and just Government.

We the elected representatives of the people of Bangladesh do

further resolve that in the event of there being no President or the President

being unable to enter upon his office or being unable to exercise his powers

due to any reason whatsoever, the Vice President sall have and exercise all

the powers, duties and responsibilities herein conferred on the President.

We further resolve that we undertake to observe and give effect to

all duties and obligations that devolve upon us as a member of the family of

nations and to abide by the Charter of the United Nations.

We further resove that this Proclamation of Independence shall be

deemd to have come into effect from 26th day of March, 1971.

We further resolve that in order to give effect to this instument we

appoint Prof. Yusuf Ali our duly Constituted potentiary and to give to the

President and the Vice President oaths of office.

PROF. YUSUF ALI Duly Constituted Potentiary By and under the authority

of the Constitutent Assembly of Bangladesh.

(A‡av‡iLv cª`Ë)

Dc‡iv³ m¦vaxbZv †NvlbvcÎ evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi me©cÖ_g mvsweavwbK `wjj |

230

e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb †h 1971 m‡bi 26‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L XvKvq

m¦vaxbZv †Nvlbv KwiqvwQ‡jb Zvnv Dc‡iv³ m¦vaxbZvi †Nvlbv c‡Îi cÖ¯—vebvi

lô `dvq eY©bv Kiv nBqv‡Q| e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb KZ„©K evsjv‡`‡ki

m¦vaxbZv †Nvlbv D³ Proclamation of Indepdendence Gi PZy_© `dvq

wbwðZfv‡e mg_©b I Aby‡gv`b K‡i| ZvnvQvov, Bnvi PZy`©k `dvq

m¦vaxbZvi GB †NvlbvcÎ 1971 m‡bi 26‡k gvP© ZvwiL nB‡Z Kvh©Ki

nBqv‡Q ewjqv MY¨ nB‡e GBiƒc wm×vš— cÖ`vb K‡i| †h‡nZy e½eÜy 1971 m‡bi

26‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv cÖ`vb KwiqvwQ‡jb †mB‡nZy D³

ZvwiLB evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv w`em|

GKB 10B GwcÖj Zvwi‡L Laws Continuance Enforcement Order

Rvix Kiv nq| Bnv wbæiƒc t

LAWS CONTINUANCE ENFORCEMENT ORDER MUJIBNAGAR, Dated 10th day of April, 1971.

I, Syed Nazrul Islam, the Vice –President and Acting President of

Bangladesh, in exercise of the powers conferred on me by the Proclamation

of Independence dated tenth day of April, 1971 do hereby order that all

laws that were in force in Bangladesh on 25th March, 1971, shall subject to

the Proclamation aforesaid continue to be so in force with such

consequential changes as may be necessary on account of the creation of the

sovereign independent State of Bangladesh formed by the will of the people

of Bangladesh and that all government officials-civil, military, judicial and

diplomatic who take the oath of allegiance to Bangladesh shall continue in

their offices on terms and conditions of service so long enjoyed by them and

that all District Judges and District Magistrate, in the territory of

Bangladesh and all diplomatic representatives elsewhere shall arrange to

administer the oath of allegiance to all government officials within their

jurisdiction.

This Order shall be deemed to have come into effect from 26th day

of March, 1971.

SYED NAZRUL ISLAM Acting President.

(A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)

231

Bnv evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi wØZxq mvsweavwbK `wjj| Dc‡iv³ ÔAW©viÕ G 1971

m‡bi 25‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L evsjv‡`‡k we`¨gvb mKj AvBb m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv mv‡c‡¶

Pjgvb _vwK‡e ewjqv †NvlYv Kiv nq| ZvnvQvov, Dc‡iv³ AW©vi 26‡k gvP© ZvwiL

nB‡Z Kvh©Ki nB‡e| GB k‡Z©i KviY nB‡Z‡Q †h †h‡nZy 26†k gvP© Zvwi‡L

m¦vaxbZv †Nvlbv Kiv nBqv‡Q †mB‡nZy c~e©w`b 25‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L we`¨gvb AvBb¸wj

Pjgvb ivLv nBqv‡Q|

evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb envj nBevi ci Bnvi 151 Aby‡”Q‡`i AvIZvq The

Laws Continuance Enforcement Order iwnZ nq|

msweav‡bi AmvgÄm¨c~Y© Kvh©µg t

c~‡e©B eY©bv Kiv nBqv‡Q †h 1971 m‡bi 10B GwcÖj Zvwi‡L evsjv‡`k

iv‡óªi me©cÖ_g mvsweavwbK `wjj ‘The Proclamation of Independence’ †NvwlZ nq|

D³ `wj‡j Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi mwnZ cwi¯‹vi fv‡e †NvlYv Kiv nBqv‡Q †h e½eÜy †kL

gywReyi ingvb 1971 m‡bi 26‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv

Kwiqv‡Qb| †`k m¦vaxb nBevi ci, 1972 m‡bi 10B GwcÖj Zvwi‡L evsjv‡`k

MYcwil‡`i cÖ_g Awa‡ek‡b m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv cÖ¯—ve Avbqb Kiv nq| D³

Awa‡ek‡b me© mg¥wZµ‡g cÖ¯—ve M„wnZ nq †h e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb 1971

m‡bi 26‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv cÖ`vb KwiqvwQ‡jb|

msweav‡bi cÖ¯—vebvi cÖ_g ev‡K¨B 1971 m‡bi 26‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L †h evsjv‡`‡ki

m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv nBqvwQj Zvnv eY©bv Kiv nBqv‡Q| ZvnvQvov, Penal Code Gi

ms‡kvwaZ 123ÐG avivqI 1971 m‡bi 26‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L †h evOjv‡`k m¦vaxb

nBqvwQj Zvnv ejv nBqv‡Q|

2004 m‡bi `wjjcÎ cybg©y`Y cÖK‡íi cÖZ¨qb KwgwU I mveÐKwgwUi mKj

m`m¨B AZ¨š— Ávwb, ¸Yx I AwZ D”P wkw¶Z e¨w³Z¡| Zvnviv wbðqB 1971 m‡bi

‘The Proclamation of Independence’ Ges evsjv‡`k msweavb m¤¦‡Ü IqvwKenvj|

AZGe, e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb †h m¦vaxbZvi ‡NvlK Ges Zvnv †h mvsweavwbK

fv‡e m¦xK…Z Bnv Zvnv‡`i AÁvZ _vwKevi K_v b‡n| wKš‘ Zvnviv 2004 m‡b

cÖKvwkZ `wjjc‡Îi Z„Zxq L‡Ûi 1g c„ôvq Ô‡gRi wRqvi cÖ_g m¦vaxbZv †NvlYvÕ

232

eY©bv Kwiqv‡Qb| 4_© c„ôvq Zvnv‡`i D³iƒc c`‡¶c m¤¦‡Ü AwfgZ cÖ`vb

Kwiqv‡Qb| D³ Awfg‡Zi AmviZv c~‡e©B e¨¨L¨v Kiv nBqv‡Q| AZGe, GB

c`‡¶c MªnY Kwiqv ¯úóZB Zvnviv msweavb cwicš’x Kvh©µg Mªnb Kwiqv‡Qb|

GB evsjv‡`k 30 j¶ knx‡`i i‡³i wcw”Qj c‡_ m¦vaxbZv jvf Kwiqv‡Q|

gyw³†hv×v I knx`MYB ivóªª I Bnvi msweav‡bi cÖK…Z ¯ncwZ| cªK…Z c×wZ

AbymiY e¨wZ‡i‡K †KnB Bnvi GKwU we›`yI cwieZ©b Kwi‡Z ¶gZvcÖvß b‡n|

evsjv‡`‡ki mKj KZ©„c¶, cÖwZôvb Ges e¨w³, mK‡jB msweavb Øviv eva¨| Zvnviv

hZ eo ¶gZvai e¨w³B nDb bv †Kb msweavb cwicwš’ ev msweav‡bi mwnZ

AmvgÁm¨c~Y© Zvnv‡`i †h †Kvb c`‡¶c msweav‡bi 7 Aby‡”Q` Abymv‡i evwZj

nB‡e| hw` Bnv cÖgvwbZ nq †h Zvnviv B”Qvc~e©K msweavb cwicwš’ †Kvb c`‡¶c

MªnY Kwiqv‡Qb Zvnv nB‡j Zvnviv Subversion of the Constitution Kwiqv‡Qb ewjqv

`vqx nB‡eb|

D‡j−L¨ †h msweav‡bi mvgvb¨Zg wePy¨wZI A‰ea cwiMwbZ nq| Bnv Avgv‡`i

g‡b ivwL‡Z nB‡e †h †Kvb ARynv‡ZB msweavb cwicš’x †Kvb c`‡¶c KLbB jIqv

hvq bv| g‡b ivwL‡Z nB‡e †h msweav‡bi m¦í m¦í wePy¨wZ Ae‡k‡l msweavb f‡½i

m~Pbv Kwi‡Z cv‡i| `yBkZ ermi c~‡e© Vanhorne’s Lessee V. Dorrance (1795)

†gvKvÏgvq Justice Paterson msweavb cwicš’x Kvh© m¤ú‡K© wbæwjwLZ mveavb evYxB

D”PviY KwiqvwQ‡jb t

“The Constitution is the origin and measure of legislative authority. It says

to legislators, thus far ye shall go and no further. Not a particle of it should

be shaken; not a pebble of it should be removed. Innovation is dangerous.

One incroachment leads to another; precedent gives birth to precedent; what

has been done may be done again; thus radical principles are generally

broken in upon, and the Constitution eventually destroyed.” (John B.

Sholley : Cases on Constitutional Law, Page-26, 30 nB‡Z DׄZ)

cÖvq `yBkZ ermi ci wmsn‡j mswk−ó AvBb Øviv ¶gZvi c„_Kx KiY

(separation of powers) Ges wePvi wefv‡Mi m¦vaxbZvq n¯—‡¶c GB `yB Kvi‡Y Don

John Francis Dougles Liyanage V. The Queen (1967) 1 AC 259 ‡gvKvÏgvq Privy

Council ZwK©Z AvBb `yBwU evwZj †Nvlbv K‡i|

233

Lord Pearce msweavb f½ m¤¦‡Ü e‡jb t

“If such Acts as these were valid the judicial power could be wholly

absorbed by the legislature and taken out of the hands of the judges. It is

appreciated that the legislature had no such general intention. It was beset

by a grave situation and it took grave measures to deal with it, thinking, one

must presume, that it had power to do so and was acting rightly. But that

consideration is irrelevant, and gives no validity to acts which infringe the

Constitution. What is done once, if it be allowed, may be done again and in

a lesser crisis and less serious circumstances. And thus judicial power may

be eroded. Such an erosion is contrary to the clear intention of the

Constitution. In their Lordships’ view the Acts were ultravires and invalid.”

(page-291F to 292A) (A‡av †iLv cÖ`Ë)|

Dc‡iv³ †gvKvÏgv؇q msweavb f½ m¤¦‡Ü hy³ivóª I hy³iv‡R¨i D”P

Av`vj‡Z †h D‡ØM cÖKvk Kiv nBqv‡Q †mB D‡Ø‡Mi mwnZ AvgivI GKgZ|

AvgivI g‡b Kwi †h ‡Kvb Ahyynv‡ZB msweavb cwicš’x †Kvb Kvh© GgbwK †mB

eive‡i †Kvb c`‡¶c jIqvI wbwl×, KviY BnvB m‡e©v”P AvBb| m‡ev©”P AvBb f½

KivI m‡e©v”P Aciva|

nvRvi ermi c~‡e© Bsj¨v‡Ûi ivRv mve©‡fŠg wQ‡jb| Zvnvi evK¨B wQj AvBb|

Zvnvi mvgvb¨Zg wei“×vPviY ivR‡`Övn ewjqv we‡ewPZ nBZ| King Henry VIII †K

Church of England Gi cÖavb (Head of Church of England) ewjqv gvwbqv jB‡Z

Am¦xKvi Kivq Lord Chancellor Thomas More ‡K 16 ermi Tower G Kviv`Û †fvM

Kwi‡Z nq Zrci Zvnvi wki‡”Q` Kiv nq| evsjv‡`‡k RbMYB mve©‡fŠg|

mvsweavwbK c`vwaKvi e¨w³eM©mn cÖRvZ‡š¿i mKj Kg©Pvix RbM‡Yi †meK|

evsjv‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi AwfcÖv‡qi Pig I cig Awfe¨w³i“c nB‡Z‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki

msweavb| Bnvi cwicwš’ †h †Kvb c`‡¶c MªnYB nB‡Z‡Q Subversion of the

Constitution Z_v evsjv‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi wei“×vPviY Z_v iv‡óªi wei“×vPviY ev

Subversion of the State |

m¦vaxbZvi †NvlYv t

234

Dc‡i ewY©Z Proclamation of Independence G e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb †h

1971 m‡bi 26‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv Kwiqv‡Qb ewjqv eY©bv Kiv nBqv‡Q

Zvnv gwR© gvwdK Kiv nq bvB| G m¤ú‡K© AvbyôvwbK m¦vaxbZv †NvlYvi cÖ‡YZvMY

`yBwU wel‡qi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM w`qvwQ‡jb| cÖ_gZt evOvjx RvwZi c‡¶ Kvnvi

m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv cÖ`vb Kwievi cÖK…Z AwaKvi I †hvM¨Zv wQj Ges †K ev½vjx

RvwZi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Kwi‡Zb| wØZxqZt m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv cÖK…Z c‡¶ †K cÖ`vb

KwiqvwQ‡jb?

cÖ_g welqwU c~‡e©B Av‡jvPbv Kiv nBqv‡Q| GBevi wØZxq welqwU Av‡jvPbv

Kiv nB‡e|

D‡j−L¨ †h 11 bs cÖwZev`x c‡¶ `vwLjK…Z Gwd‡Wwf‡U cÖkœ DÌvcb Kiv

nBqv‡Q †h †kL gywReyi ingvb hw` m¦vaxbZv ‡NvlYv Kwiqv _vwK‡Zb Zvnv nB‡j

†mB msev` 26‡k gvP© ev 27†k gvP© Zvwi‡L cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ nBZ|

cÖK…Z c‡¶ 26†k gvP© Zvwi‡L Z`vwbš—b Aei“× evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb msev` cÎ

cÖKvwkZ nq bvB| H iv‡Î ÔB‡ËdvKÕ, Ômsev`Õ Ges ÔThe PeopleÕ cwÎKvi Awdm

fwk¥f~Z Kwiqv †`Iqv nBqvwQj| National Archive-

G 25‡k gv‡P©i c‡i H gv‡mi †Kvb cwÎKv cvIqv hvq bvB| hvnv nDK, 11 bs

cÖwZev`x c‡¶ DÌvwcZ cÖ‡kœi mgvavbK‡í miKvi c¶ nB‡Z 1971 m‡bi 27‡k

gvP© Zvwi‡L cÖKvwkZ Bsj¨v‡Ûi kxl© ¯’vbxq

‘The Times’ Ges ‘The Financial Times’ Gi g~j Kwc Av`vj‡Z `vwLj Kiv nq|

cÖZxqgvb nq ‡h evsjv‡`k msµvš— wbæwjwLZ msev`¸wj Bsj¨v‡Û 1971 m‡bi

27‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L wbæwjwLZ cwÎKv¸wji cÖ_g c„ôvq cÖavb msev` wnmv‡e cÖKvwkZ

nBqvwQj t

THE TIMES Saturday March 27, 1971 No. 58,132 Price 5 P

235

Heavy Fighting as Shaikh Mujibur

declares E Pakistan independent Civil war raged in the eastern region of Pakistan night after

the provincial leader, Shaikh Mujibur Rahman, had proclaimed the

region an independent republic. President Yahya Khan outlawed the

Shaikh’s Awami League and denounced the Shaikh himself as a

traitor whose crime “would not go unpunished”.

Political activity throughout Pakistan has been banned and total

censorship has been imposed.

Official communiciations between East Pakistan and the rest of the

world have been cut. The only news about the days’s cramatic

developments came into clandestine radio bulletins broadcast from Dacca

and from reports by travellers crossing into India.

The Press Trust of India, quoting reports from the East Pakistan-

India border, said that Dacca, the capital of the easter wing, had become a

“battle-field”. It also quoted Shaikh Mujibur’s claim that West Paksitan

troops had been surrounded by East Pakistan troops and police in six cities.

President says traitors must be punished

Delhi, March 26-Shaikh Mujibur Rahman tonight proclaimed East

Pakistan the Sovereign Independent People’s Republic of Bangla Desh,

according to a clandestine radio report monitored near the East Pakistan

border.

The Press Trust of India (P.T.I) published the report which was

monitored at Agartala, in the Indian territory of Tripura, about 56 miles east

of Dacca. P.T.I. said that the boradcast was not made by the Sahikh himself

but by an unidenfied announcer.

The broadcast said that troops of the East Bengal Regiment, the East

Pakistan Rifles, and the “entire police force” had surrounded West Pakistan

troops in Chittagong, Comilla, Sylhet, Jessore, Barisal and Khulna, and that

heavy fighting was continuing.

It added that West Paskistan forces were hunting for Shaikh Mujibur

Rahman, who was said to have gone underground after the fighting began.

The broadcast called upon the people of “free Bangla Desh to

continue their movement for independence “until the last enemy soldier has

vanished”. It said that the Shaikh was “the only leader of the people of

236

independent Bangla Desh” and his command should be obeyed to save the

country from “the ruthless dictatorship of West Pakistanis”.

President Yahya Khan said in a nationwide radio broadcast tonight

that the Shaikh’s Awami League, which won an overwhelming majority of

seats in East Pakistan in the elections for the National Assembly in

December, would be completely banned.

He said that the Shaikh had flouted the authority of the Government

and attacked the integrity of Pakistan. “ This crime will not go unpunished”.

he said.

He described the Shaikh’s action in starting his non-co-operation

movement as “an act of treason. He and his party have defied the lawful

authority for over three weeks. They have unsulted Pakistan’s flag and

defiled photographs of the father of the nation. They have tried to run a

parallel Government. They have created turmoil, terror and insecurity”.

His voice rising with anger, President Yahya declared that he could

not allow “power-hungry despots” to destroy the country and play with the

destinies of 120 million people.

Of his recent talks in Dacca with the Shaikh, he said: “His

obstinacy, his obduracy and absolute refusal to talk sense lead to only one

conclusion the man and his party are enemies of Pakistan. They want East

Pakistan to break away completely from Pakistan.”

He assured Pakistanis that his aim remained the same “namely, the

transfer of power to the elected representatives of the people. As soon as

the situation permits, I will take fresh steps towards the achievement of this

objective.”

Meanwhile, he said, all political activity throught Pakistan would be

banned, there would be a complete censorship of the press and a curfew

would be imposed on Dacca and all other cities of East Pakistan.

The Press Trust of India, quoting clandestine radio reports from East

Pakistan, spoke of heavy casualties in the fighting between East and West

Pakistan armed forces and severe fighting was said to be taking place in

Dacca and several other parts of the eastern region.

Reports in Calcutta said that at least 10,000 West Pakistan troops

had landed at East Pakistan ports, bringing the total now in the province to

about 70,000.

The reports said that the West Pakistan troops had arrested several

hundred people and had taken up positions in strategic areas.

237

[The State Department in Washington said that Americans reaching

the United States Congratulate in East Pakistan had reported that West

Pakistan Army troops and tanks had spread through Dacca and “extensive

firing, including the use of tanks”, was under way.]

The worsening in the Pakistan crisis began yesterday with reports

that at least 35 people had been killed and more than 100 injured when

troops machine-guned large crowds in the Rangpur and Chitagong district

on Wednesday.

Shaikh Mujibur had called for a general strike tomorrow in protest

against the shootings.

He called on the President to halt all Army operations immediately.

President Yahya Khan had flown to Dacca from West Pakistan for

protracted talks with the Shaikh in an effort to solve the crisis which was

threatening to tear Pakistan apart.

They had been joined by Mr. Bhutto, the West Pakistan political

leader whose left-wing People’s Party won a majority of seats in the

western province in the National Assembly elections in December.

Violence had also flared yesterday in West Pakistan, where a 10-

hour curfew was clamped on the Punjab industrial town of Lyallpur after a

day of clashes between left-wing demonstrators and police. At least 30

police were reported seriously injured in the textile centre about 80 miles

from Lahore.

The clashes began when the People’s Guards, the militant wing of

Mr. Bhutto’s party defeated an official ban and marched through the

streets.

Reuter, U.P.I and A.P.

The Times cwÎKvq 27‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L ·qv`k c„ôvq wbæwjwLZ m¤úv`Kxq

cÖKvwkZ nq t

PAKISTAN ON THE BRINK OF WAR

East Pakistan yesterday exploded into violence and grave political

drama. Shaikh Mujibur Rahman, the acknowledged leader of Bengali

nationalism in the province, responded heroically to the Pakistan army’s

intervention with a call for residence and a declaration of independence. By

contrast President Yahya Khan explained his decision to break off the

constitutional talks and order the army into action as a move to bring the

238

province under control. He spoke of the law and order situation “ returning

to normal”, as if the authority of the army could soon be asserted whatever

Shaikh Mujib and his nationalist following might do. Yet already accounts

finding their way across divided Bengal speak of civil war. Though the

situation is confused, it does seem possible that something like civil war

might result rather than the speedy and effective police action for which

Presidnet Yahya hopes.

If that were to happen it would be hard to predict what the outcome

might be. In civil war, military fortunes are so intimately bound up with

political decisions on both sides that any military analysis of the situation is

bound to be tentative. Added to this is uncertainty about which side

particular units of the armed forces will take-and the extent to which there

will be discontent within units at the side taken by their commanders.

It is to be expected that the main units of the Army in East Pakistan

will remain loyal to the President. This is now a substantial force of about

70,000 men and it undoubtedly constitutes the predominant organized

power in the province. Nevertheless, for some weeks Shaikh Mujib has

been rallying the active support of the civil service and the police and there

is good evidence that most members of the Bengali regiments will accept

his orders. The Awami League has had its own “peace patrols” and

“liberation committees” operating in the villages for some weeks. There is

thus the basis for organized formations to operate in the name of the

separatists and for a widespread seizure of control of the countryside and

the villages.

The problem for the Army will be one of deciding what the decisive

positions are and using its superior organized numbers to hold them. This

must clearly include both ports and airfields to maintain supplies and

reinforcements from West Pakistan. The absence of overflying rights across

India is serious but not decisive, since the most important equipment must

come by sea. Vast airlifts of significant quantities of military equipment are

in any case beyond the resources of a country like Pakistan.

Where India will play a still more important role will be in her

attitude to the official or unofficial provision of supplies to either side

across the enormous frontier between India and East Pakistan. One must

expect a studied detachment in the attitude of the government: but the

millitarily important fact will be what is allowed to happen as between

Bengalis on either side of the frontier.

239

If there were to be prolonged fighting, the territory would be

incredibily difficult for ground troops. East Pakistan is a mass of impassable

waterways and will sternly resist any attempt to dominate with tanks and

artillery. Air power, to the extent that it can be supplied and maintained,

would have an undoubted psychological effect but this is always shortlived.

On the other hand, the Army might hope to sustain much of the authority of

the central government if it could identify a small number of decisive points

and dominate them. The President’s main hope then would be that a long

guerrilla battle in the countryside might not prove to be in the character and

traditions of the people.

Even if East Bengal were cowed for a time the demand for

autonomy of some kind would not, therefore, be silenced. Yet the events of

the past few weeks may have shown how much any half-way house of

autonomy is possible at all, given the geographical, cultural and political

separation of the two wings of the country. When they first broke away

from India to form a new country what united the two wings was the fact

that both of them were Muslim areas of British India. But now an East

Bengal has been proclaimed which would move towards a denial or a

modification of that first assumption. This may be illustrated by the

bargaining over autonomy of the past few weeks. One of the East Pakistani

complaints has always been that they were denied the fruits of their own

trade and of their fair share of the foreign aid allotted to Pakistan. Yet once

their claim to manage their own trade is conceded then questions of

currency, banking, taxation and such like all follow. Moreover since

freedom to trade without interference from the central or federal

government would mean for East Pakistan freedom to trade with India it

would also follow in time that East Pakistan’s relations with India could be

pursued as the province thought fit. The reservation to the central

government of defence and foreign affairs would soon be eroded and at the

end of the road there would be only independence.

If any half-way house were possible the chances of finding it must

now be discounted and President Yahya’s optimism set aside. An

independent East Bengal, divorced from the fact and the idea which created

Pakistan, may eventually emerge. There are those in India who would

regard this as a dangerous prospect. East Bengal has also spawned the

revolutionary National Awami Party led by the Maulana Bhashani. Though

the Maulana has lost his old eminence and the party is split into at least

three groups there are those among them who look to China. If East

240

Pakistan has been flung into a civil war that might go on for a long time

then Shaikh Mujib’s authority may also begin to ebb and the field would be

open to the exponents of peasant guerrilla warfare as a way forward. If East

Pakistan is to be a success as an independent state and not lapse into a

morass of revolutionary warfare it needs to be launched while Sahikh Mujib

still holds the country together.

Events have pushed Shaikh Mujib to his declaration of

independence. Pressure within the army may have pushed President Yahya

to action he would rather have deferred. Already all the questions of

national identity with which Pakistan was surrounded at its birth will be

echoing in the minds of those involved. And in India too. During the

gathering crisis there were effigies of Mr. Jinnah burnt in the streets of

Dacca. No one can foresee where these emotions will lead.

1971 m‡bi 27‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L The Times cwÎKvi Øv`k c„ôvq

Shaikh Mujibr Rahman : a symbol of Bengali resistence wk‡ivbvg mn GKwU wekvj Qwe

Qvcv nq Ges Bnvi mwnZ wbæwjwLZ wk‡ivbvg mn GKwU DcÐm¤úv`Kxq cÖKvwkZ

nq;

Shaik Mujibur Rahman, now faces the crisis he has always

feared

The making of a martyr

Shaikh Mujibur Rahman, the East Pakistan leader who has called on

his people to stand united against the Pakistan military regime, is a symbol

of resistance. The greater part of the past 20 years of his life have been

spent as a political prisioner. Today, as he leads East Pakistan through the

most critical stage of its struggle, he can count on even more support than

the 96 per cent of the election vote he won in East Bengal to make him the

majority leader in all of Pakistan.

“Let the Army come and take me to prison,” he scoffed in a recent

interview with me at his home in Dacca. “Look for yourself. I have nobody

guarding me. They have all the guns. They can kill me. Indeed, they can kill

my family. But let them know that they cannot kill the spirit of 78 million

people. The people are behind me and they will die for their rights. They

have shown it. Gunds will never silence the voice of the people of Bengal.”

241

The past three weeks have weighed heavily on Shaikh Mujibur. His

battle has been on two fronts. The ardent hope that the Pakistan crisis could

be settled within the framework of the democracy promised by the

country’s general election compelled him to work tirelessly in the

negotiations with President Yahya Khan. The call for Bengali independence

which had infected the populance in the past month bringing province-wide

civil disobedience in protest against the military regime pitted his political

prestige and personal support against the challenging voice of the extremists

within his own movement.

Indeed, it is ironic that the militay regime’s decision to use force in

an attempt to impose a settlement in favour of the west wing in the Pakistan

constitutional crisis, may be the decisive blow which ends the concept of a

united Pakistan. For Shaikh Mujibur, though representing the essence of

Bengali nationalism, is undoubtedly a greater patriot than many leaders

from West Pakistan who support the regime’s latest militant stand.

Tall and engagingly handsome, Sheikh Mujibur, who is 51, looks

like a successful businessman. He conducts his politics in the manner that is

customary with the tribal leader in Islamic societies. His endurance, since

the crisis began with the cancellation at the beginning of the month of the

National Assembly, has been remarkable. Between constant sittings with his

inner council of the Awami League, drafting policy and running the

administative affairs of the province, he has also played host to a stream of

political leaders from West Pakistan who have joined in the efforts to find a

solution to the crisis. On top of that, his house has been the rallying point

for Bangla Desh nationlists.

“What I want is emancipation for my people”. the Shaikh said,

maintaining the policy he has hitherto taken, even in public rallies, of

avoiding the mention of independence. “Let us face it- even when the

British ruled India they did not tax us. They reaped the fruits of the land but

they did not impose taxes on us. At the moment we are being treated by the

West Pakistanis as a mere colony and a market place. We have our rights

and these were underlined in the results of the elections. Only a few days

after her election, Mrs. Gandhi was sworn in as Prime Minister. My election

was last year but I am still waiting to be sworn in.”

After an early mission school education, Shaikh Mujibur graduted

from the Calcutta Islamia College just before partition. His political life

dates back to the early 1940s when he was elected to the Council of the All

India Muslim Students Federation and later the Muslim League. However,

242

after partition he broke with the Muslim League which came to power in

East Bengal and under which he had his first taste of prison for his

association with the first Bengal Language Movement. He was to serve

four other prison sentences under successive Pakistan regimes.

The event that marked the rise of Shaikh Mujibur to a position of

power, and to the eventual undisputed leadership of East Pakistan, was his

arrest by the regime of President Ayub Khan in 1966 under the defence of

Pakistan rules. This followed soon after he first publicly stated his six-point

programme for regional autonomy for East Pakistan. After spending 21

months in prison, the Shaikh was removed to military custody and became

the principal defendant in the Argatala conspiracy case. It was alleged that

he had plotted with members of the armed forces to get East Pakistan’s

independence.

Strikes and popular demonstrations followed the Shaikh’s arrest and

continued throughout the trial, which lasted a year. He became the focal

point for Bengali nationalism. There is no doubt that the trial itself, which

ended inconclusively with the Shaikh’s release and the political unrest it

created in the country was a contributory factor in the downfall of the

General Yahya Khan and his military regime.

To those who have watched the Shaikh closely during the past three

weeks it has been obvious that he was not unaware of his formative political

years and the hardships they imposed upon him. Indeed, there were those

who have long been close to him, who felt that his constant reference to his

prison years and the possibility of his death, betrayed an inner wish that he

would not have to face what he had always feared. As he himself put it

many times : “ I am an optimist. I hope for the best, but I always prepare

for the worst.”

Paul Martin

1971 m‡bi 27‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L Financial Times cwÎKvi cÖ_g c„ôvq

wbæwjwLZ Lead News cÖKvwkZ nq t

FINANCIAL TIMES

No. 25,514 SATURDAY MARCH 27 1971.

Civil War after East Pakistan declares independence

243

BY KEVIN RAFFERTY

Civil war broke out in East Pakistan yesterday after Sheikh Mujibur Rahman declared an “Independent People’s Republic of Bangla Desh” (Bengal Nation).

The Pakistani President, General Yahaya Khan, had earlier in the

day declared the Sheikh a traitor, outlawed his party-the Awami League,

which is supported by almost all the 75m. people of the Eastern region- and

sent in heavy reinforcements for the Paksitan Army.

The position taken by the two men marked the final breakdown of

the month-long efforts to find even an interim agreement to preserve the

unity of Pakistan.

The true situation inside East Pakistan was unclear last night, as the

Martial Law authorities had enforced strict censorship of all news. But

reports monitored across the border in India spoke of heavy fighting and

casualties in the capital. Dacca, and other towns throughout East Pakistan.

The State Department in Washington, for example, said it had

learned that “extensive fighting, including the use of tanks, was going on in

Dacca.

Uncertain

Sheikh Mujib, who for the last month has been the de facto ruler of

the people of East Pakistan, in a message relayed from an unknown place

and monitored in Calcutta, earlier called upon his people “to resist the

enemy forces at any cost in every corner of Bangla Desh.”

Mujib’s whereabouts were uncertain. Various reports said he had

been arrested on Thursday night or that he had fled to India.

A radio station calling itself the “Independent Voice of Bangla

Desh” said that he had gone underground.

This station broadcast the call for independence which was read for

Sheikh Mujib. It added : “ Today the whole country is suffering from

multiple injuries inflicted by military power and brutal killings. The

revolutionary people of Independent Bengal have struck back.....The enemy

is constantly using helicopters to bring reinforcements. Eastern Paksitan

Rifles and other forces are engaged in fierce fighting with the army. If the

enemy dares enter your town or village, hurl on them powdered red pepper,

soda water bottles and sundry items. Use hand grenades if you have them.

244

“They are shooting to kill at sight. Thousands today died. This is

unprecedented in world history. I therefore appeal to the world and

particularly to our neighbouring states: please do not remain silent

spectators to this diabolical carnage. Please move forward to help 75m.

brothers of Bangla Desh.

“To the citizens of the world we appeal: Please come forward in the

name of humanity to save and liberate the people of Bengal.”

Last night many people seemed to have defied the 24 hours curfew

imposed on Dacca and other parts of Bengal, and reports of shooting came

from Dacca, the southern port of Chittagong and Rangpur to the north of the

capital.

There are 600 British people left in East Pakistan, but there are no

reports so far that any of them have been harmed.

Showdown

President Yahya Khan arrived back in Karachi on

Thursday night after 11 days of abortive talks with Sheikh

Mujib in Dacca. On Firday morning the Army authorities flung

out a flurry of new martial law regulations which showed that

they had determined on a showdown with the Easterners. In a broadcast President Yahya insisted that his aim was still to

transfer power “to the elected representatives of the people.” He claimed

that Sheikh Mujib had attacked the integrity of Pakistan and added : “this

crime will not go unpunished.” He said that he could not allow “power-

hungry despots” to destroy the country and play with the destinies of its

120m. people.

The finality of the break between East and West was illustrated with

Mr. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the popular radical leader of West Pakistan who

won 85 of the West Pakistan 138 Assembly seats and who would have

assumed civilian power in that Wing declared last night on his return to

Karachi: “ By the grace of the Almighty, Pakistan has at last been saved.”

The new regulations include :

• 24-hour curfew with a warning that anyone breaking it would be shot on

sight :

• Ban on all political activities and political speeches “either in the open

or inside any premises”.

245

• All news and views on political developments or on the law and order

situation to be censored:

• Government and semi-Government employees who have been taking

part in the Awami League’s non-co-operation movement were told to

return to work within 24 hours on pain of being tried by a military court:

• Banks were ordered to stop transactions and freeze accounts.

• Everyone, except diplomats and service personnel, was ordered to

surrender firearms within 24 hours.

• Industrial strikes and lockouts were banned and schools and colleges

closed.

These orders were decreed with such speed that their contradictions-

such as between the curfew and Government employees reporting for work-

were not explained.

It is surprising, though, that it took so long for East and West

Pakistan officially to declare the breakdown.

The natural antagonisms and opposed interest of East and West

came to a head in the general election in December last year. The East

Pakistan based Awami League then won all but two of East Pakistan’s 169

seats in a National Assembly of 313. This gave it an absolute majority, but

without the right to exercise it.

An important factor increasing tension between the two regions has

been the jealousy of the Easterners for the benefits which they saw accuring

to the West.

The West has rich industries and its agriculture has prospered as a

result of the “green revolution” and irrigation projects. The average annual

per capita income in West Pakistan, for example, is £66, about one-third

higher than that in the East, where 75m. people are cramped into a far

smaller area.

The value of British investment in Pakistan is officially and

conservatively put at £130m. but the figure is not broken down between the

two wings. The jute trade between Britain and the East is worth about 15 m.

a year. Sheikh Mujib himself appears to be aware of the need to safeguard

these international economic links, and the main danger would probably

come from a prolonged conflict.

The Pakistan Army is though to have three divisions, about 70,000

men, in the East. Most observers are convinced, after the evidence of recent

weeks, that the Easterners are behind Sheikh Mujib almost to a man-that the

only way the Army can hope to hold “Bangla Desh” is by acting with such

246

force as to cow the rest into submission. This is going to be far more

difficult than it would have been immediately after the election.

One problem for the Army is that their supply lines are

uncomfortably extended. Troops can only be brought in quickly by air.

Even the air journey from West Pakistan takes six hours-all

overflying of Indian territory by Pakistan is banned and the troops will have

to look to a hostile local population for their food and supplies.

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“NEW YORK TIMES NEW YORK, SATURDAY, MARCH 27, 1971

LEADER OF REBELS IN EAST PAKISTAN REPORTED SEIZED

Sheikh Mujib Arrested After a Broadcast proclaiming Region’s

Independence

DACCA CURFEW EASED

........

Troops Said to Be Gaining in Fighing in Cities-Heavy Losses Seen.

247

NEW DELHI, Saturday, March 27-The Pakistan radio announced

today that Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the nationalism leader of East Pakistan,

had been arrested only hours after he had proclaimed his region independent

and after open rebellion was reported in several cities in the East.”

Saturday Morning, March 27, 1971

Civil War Flares as East Pakistanis

Claim Independence BY WILLIAM J. COUGHLIN

Times Staff Reporter

NEW DELHI-Sheikh Mujibur Rahman declared independence for East

Paksitan Firday as the long smoldering feud between the two wings of the Islamic

nation flamed into open civil war.

A clandestine radio broadcast monitored here from a station identifying

itself as “The voice of Indeppendent Bangladesh Desh (Bengali homeland), “said.

“The sheik has declared the 75 million people of East Pakistan as citizens of the

sovereign indepdndent Bangla Desh.

But the official Radio Pakistan announced today that Rahman was arrested

only hours after he proclaimed East Pakistan Independence.”

THE AGE

27th March, 1971

Dacca Breaks With Pakistan. From Australian Associated Press

DACCA, March 26.- East Pakistan today delcared itself

independent of the central Government in Karachi.

The declaration followed a broadcast by President Yahya Khan outlawing

East Pakistan’s dominant political party, the Awami League, and accusing its

leader, Sheik Mujibur Rahman, of treason.

Indian radio monitors reported that Sheik Mujib made the independence

proclamation from a radio station believed captured by his supporters from army

authorities.

The radio station called itself “Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra (Free Bengal

Radio Station).

248

THE AGE Saturday Morning March, 1971.

Yahya’s army elamps down on Dacca The army took over Dacc Radio and all press, radio and television

were placed under censorship.

Educational Institutions and banks were ordered closed indefinitely

and bank accounts were frozen.

Wireless monitors is Calcutta said Sheik Mujib, in a special

message, appealed to East Pakistanis to resist the enemy forces at all costs.

The monitors said the message was believed to have originated from

a wireless transmission in either the port city of Chittagong or Chalna.

The message quoted Sheik Mujib as saying :

:Pakistani armed forces suddenly attacked the East Pakistan Rifles

base at Pillkhana and Rajarbag, at Zero hours today, March 26, killing a lot

of unarmed people.

“ Bitter fighting is going on with the EPR is Dacca and the police

force. The people are fighting the enemy gallantly for the cause of the

freedom of Bangla Desh (Bengali nation).

“Every section of the people of Bangla Desh must resist the enemy

forces at all costs in every corner of Bangla Desh.

“May Allah bless you and help you in the struggle for freedom from

the enemy.”

The Bangkok Post An independent newspaper

BANGKOK SATURDAY MARCH 27, 1971.

PAK NEAR CIVIL WAR

East Declares Independence

At all costs The agency said the fighting, pitted the West Pakistan dominated

central army against the people of East Pakistan and the Provincial Police

and paramillitary East Pakistan Rifles.

Wireless monitors in Calcutta said Sheikh Mujibur in a special

message appealed to East Pakistanis “to resist the enemy forces at all costs.

249

THE TIMES OF INDIA Bombay Saturday, March 27, 1971.

MUJIB PROCLAIMS FREE BANGLA DESH

Heavy casualities in civil war;

Pindi troops surrounded

in at least six cantonments

NEW DELHI, March 26.

A “sovereign, independent People’s Republic of Bangla Desh” was

proclaimed by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman today even as President Yahya

Khan ordered the army to “fully restore the authority” of his Government in

the turbulent easter wing.

THE DECLARATION, BROADCAST OVER “VOICE OF

INDEPENDENT BANGLA DESH”. SAID: “THE SHEIKH HAS

DECLARED THE 75 MILLION PEOPLE OF EAST PAKISTAN

CITIZENS OF INDEPENDENT BANGLA DESH”.

..................................................................

...................................................................

Free Bangla Desh flags have been flutering all over East Pakistan

and millions of people led by the Awami League are ready to make any

sacrifice to preserve independence.

In many towns, women poured into the steets in their thousands in

support of pro-Rahman demonstrators defying the martial law orders. The

freedom struggle seeped into the contryside too, with villagers in sevral

places organising themselves into self defence groups with whatever

weapons they could get hold of.

The villagers were reportedly fighting with all available weapons,

including spears, lathis and “Ram Daos”.

Bangla Desh tonight appealed to the United Natioins and to Asian

African countried to render it all assistance in its fight for freedom.

In a late night broadcast, Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra said: “ The

liberation war now going on in Bangla Desh is part of the Afro-Asian

countries movement for liberation from colonial domination.”

250

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NEWSWEEK, April 5, 1971.

PAKISTAN PLUNGES INTO CIVIL WAR

The man and his party are enemies of Pakistan. This crime will not

go unpunished. We will not allow some power-hungry and unpartriotic

people to destroy this country and play with the destiny of 120 million

people.

-----President Mohammed Yahya Khan.

Come out of your houses with whatever weapons you have. Resist

the enemy forces at any cost........until the last enemy soldier is vanquished,

and save the country from the ruthless dictatorship of West Pakistanis.

----Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.

Until the very last moment, it looked as if the two proud men

entrusted with Pakistan’s destiny might still be able to avert a head-on

clash. From the East Pakistani capital of Dacca came optimistic reports that

President Mohammed Yahya Khan and Mujib as the leader of secessionist-

minded East Pakistan is known-were about to reach a compromise. But

then, with stunning suddenness, the pieces of Pakistan’s complicated

political puzzle flew apart. In the East Pakistan cities of Rangpur and

Chittagong, federal troops poured machinegun fire into mobs of

demonstrating Bengali nationalists. Swiftly, Yahya issued orders to his

army to “crush the movement and restore the full authority of the

government”. In his turn, Mujib proclaimed East Pakistan the “Sovereign,

independent People’s Republic of Bangla Desh (Bengal nation).” And with

that, Pakistan was plunged into civil war........................................................

With Jenkins and other foreign reporters expelled from East

Pakistan, the world was left to the mercy of conflicting radio reports for its

information. The official government radio in Karachi announced that the

army had arrested Mujib. But a clandestine radio in Dacca, identifying

itself as the Voice of Independent Bangla Desh, proclaimed that Mujib was

still safe in his underground headquarters. Under his leadership, said rebel

251

radio announcer: “The people of Bangla Desh will shed more

blood................................................................................................................

POET OF POLITICS

When Sheikh Mujibur Rahman proclaimed the independence of

Bangla Desh last week some of his critics declared that he was merely

yielding to the pressure of his extremist supporters, seeking to ride the crest

of a wave in order to avoid being engulfed by it. But in a sense Mujib’s

emergence as the embattled leader of a new Bengal “nation” is the logical

outcome of a lifetime spent fighting for Bengali nationalism. Although

Mujib may be riding the crest of a wave, his presence there is no

accident.............................................................................................................

..................Mujib can attract a crowd of a million people to his

rallies and hold them spell-bound with great rolling waves of emotional

rhetoric. “Even when you are talking alone with him, “says a diplomat,” he

talks like he’s addressing 60,000 people. Eloquent in Urdu, Bengali and

English, three languages of Pakistan Mujib does not pretend to be an

original thinker. He is a poet of politics, not an engineer, but the Bengalis

tend to be more artistic than technical, anyhow, and so his style may be just

what was needed to unite all the classes and ideologies of the region.

A month ago, at a time when he was still pulibcly-refraining from

proclaiming independence Mujib privately told NEWSWEEK’S Loren

Jenkins that “there is no hope of salvaging the situation. The country, as we

know it, is finished.” But he waited for President Mohammed Yahya Khan

to make the break. “ We are the majority, so we cannot secede. They, the

Westerners, are the minority, and it is up to them to secede.”

Two weeks later as the crisis deepened, hundreds of Bengalis

crowded the yard and hallways of Mujib’s home in suburban Dacca, and

puffing on a pipe. (“the only foreign thing I use”), he cheerfully spoke to

them all. After addressing one enthusiastic gathering Sheikh Mujibur

Rahman turned to Western newsmen and said: “ I have this sort of thing

from 5 am. on. Do you think any one can suppress this spirit with machine

guns ?” A few days later someone was trying.

TIME Magazine April 5, 1971.

THE WORLD

PAKISTAN: TOPPLING OVER THE BRINK. ..........................................................................................................

252

The army ordered a strict 24-hour curfew in Dacca, with violators

shot on sight. But soon the Free Bengal Revolutionary Radio Center,

probably somewhere in Chittagong, crackled into life. Over the clandestine

sation, Mujib proclaimed the creation of the ‘‘Sovereign independent

Bengali nation.” and called on its people to “resist the enemy forces at all

costs in every corner of Bangla Desh.”

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DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY

OPEERATIONAL INTELLENGENCE DIVISION

D1-2

DIA SPOT REPORT

DATE 26TH March, 1971

TIME : 1430 EST.

SUBJECT : Civil War in Pakistan.

REFERENCE :

1. Pakistan was thrust into civil war today when Sheikh Mujibur

Rahman proclaimed the east wing of the two-part country to be “the

sovereign independent People’s Republic of Bangla Desh.

“ Fighting is reported heavy in Dacca and other eastern cities where

the 10,000 man paramilitary East Pakistan Rifles has joined police

and privates citizens in conflict with an estimated 23,000 West

Pakistani regular army troops. Continuing reinforcements by sea and

air combined with the government’s stringment martial, law

regulations illustrate Islamabad’s commitment to preserve the union

by force. Because of logistical difficulties, the attempt will probably

fail, but not before heavy loss of life results.

2. Indian officials have indicated that they would not be drawn

253

into a Pakistani civil war, even if the east should ask for help. Their

intentioins might be overruled, however, if the fever of Bengali

nationalism spills across the border.

3. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is little interested in foreign affairs and

would cooperate with the United States if he could. The west’s

violent suppression, however, threatens to radicalize the east to the

detriment of Us interests. The crisis has exhibited anti-American

facets from the beginning and both sides will find the United States

a convenient scapegoat.

RELEASED BY : SD/ ILLEGIBLE

JOHN J PAVELLE, JR. Captain, USN DI-4/71564

PREPARED BY : JOHN B. HUNT Major, USA DI-4A3/25009 David Loshak Zvnvi Pakistan Crisis (London 1972) cy¯—‡K 25Ð26 †k gv‡P©i

ga¨eZx© iv‡Î cÖ`Ë m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv m¤¦‡Ü e‡jb “ on a wave length close to that of

Pakistan Radio ................the Sheikh proclaimed East Pakistan to be the People’s Republic

of Bangladesh.”

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254

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“Then Sir, why did you arrest Sheikh Mujib on 26th March

from his Dhanmandi Residence ?

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To the people of Bangladesh and also the world:-

Pakistan Armed Forces suddenly attacked the EPR Base at

peelkhana and police line at Rajarbag at .00 hrs. of 26Ð3-71, killing

lots of People. Fierce fighting is going on with the EPR and police

force in the streets of Dacca. People are fighting gallantly with the

enemy forces for the cauase of Freedom of Bangladesh. Every sector

of Bangladesh is asked to resist the enemy forces at any cost in

every corner of Bangladesh.

May Allah bless you and help you in your struggle for

freedom.

“Joy Bangla”

255

Sk. Mujibur Rahman.

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ÔÔPakistani Occupation Soldiers have attacked Rajarbagh Police

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of innocent Bengalees on the streets of Dhaka. Every Bangalee will resist

the Pakistani soldiers at all cost with whatever he has. I appeal in the name

of the People of Bangladesh to the people of World to come to thier rescue”

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256

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259

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MORNING NEWS

Dacca, Thursday, April, 11, 1972

Independence Declaration approved

“The Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh in the first sitting of its

opening session yesterday passed a resolution approving the Declaration of

Independence by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on March 26 last year and its

subsequent endorsement on April 10 1971 at Mujibnagar reports ENA.’’

THE BANGLADESH OBSERVER

DACCA TUESDAY APRIL 11 1972

“During its deliverations for 2.45 hours (with a break of 20

minutes) the House adopted resolution condoling the death of those

who laid down their lives for liberation of Bangladesh. In another

260

resolution, the House expressed its complete solidarity with the

declararation of indepdnence made by Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur

Rahman on March 26, last year and subsequent approval of it by the

grand assembly at Mujibnagar on April 12 last year.”

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XvKv, g½jevi 11B GwcÖj 1972

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‰`wbK AvRv` 12 GwcÖj, 1972

261

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wel‡q e³e¨ ivwL‡Z wMqv m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv cÖm½ DwVqv Av‡m| 19Ð1Ð1974

Zvwi‡L wewfbœ cwÎKvq Bnv cÖKvwkZ nq| 19Ð1Ð1974 Zvwi‡L Bangladesh Observer

cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ †kL gywR‡ei fvl‡Yi mswk−ó Ask wbæiƒc t

Recalling the days of struggle during non-Cooperation movement in

early 1971, the Bangabandhu said the people were totally and firmly united

as never in the past and jumped into the final battle. He said many people us

to come to a compromise but we were firm. He said we were not sitting

quiet and we had organized our net work to launch the final battle.

Going back to rare moments of history, Banga Bandhu Sheikh

Mujibur Rahman said “I declared independence on March 26”. He said

262

despite is being arrested the movement had continued under the leadership

of Syed Nazrul Islam and Mr. Tajuddin Ahmed.........................................”

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263

Dc‡iv³ msev`¸wj evsjv‡`‡ki Avcvgi RbmvaviY cvV Kwiqv‡Qb| wKš‘

†KnB wØgZ cÖKvk K‡ib bvB †h e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb KZ„©K cÖ`Ë

m¦vaxbZv †Nvlbv Z_¨wfwËK bq ev Gi mZ¨Zvi e¨vcv‡i †Kvb Drm LuywRqv cvIqv

hvq bvB|

AZGe, Bnv wbwðZ fv‡e cÖZxqgvb nB‡Z‡Q †h e½eÜy †kL gywReyi

ingvb 1971 m‡bi 26‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L †h evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv KwiqvwQ‡jb

Zvnv mwVK fv‡eB 10 B GwcÖ‡ji ÔThe Proclamation of IndependenceÕ G cÖwZdwjZ

nBqv‡Q|

Dc‡i µvwš—Kvjxb I A¯’vqx weavbvejx mg~‡ni mvsweavwbK Ae¯’vb m¤¦‡Ü

Avgiv mvaviYfv‡e Av‡jvPbv KwiqvwQ| G¶‡Y ÔThe Proclamation of IndependenceÕ

Gi mvsweavwbK Ae¯’vb m¤¦‡Ü Av‡jvPbv Kiv nB‡e|

c~‡e©B Av‡jvPbv Kiv nBqv‡Q †h “ The Proclamation of IndependenceÕ

evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi me© cÖ_g mvsweavwbK `wjj| Bnv hy³iv‡óªi Ô The Declaration of

IndependenceÕ Gi mwnZ Zyjbxq| Av‡gwiKvi 13 wU cÖ‡`‡ki cÖwZwbwaØviv MwVZ

wØZxq Continental Congress D³ †NvlYv 1776 m‡bi 4Vv RyjvB Zvwi‡L cÖ`vb

K‡i| Aek¨ Bsj¨vÛ D³ Congress Gi AvBbMZ Ae¯’vb I Zvnv‡`i †Nvlbvi

‰eaZv m¦xKvi K‡i bvB|

gywRe bM‡i cÖ`Ë †NvlYv wbe©vwPZ m`m¨MY Øviv MwVZ MYcwil` KZ„©K

cÖ`vb Kiv nBqvwQj| D³ †NvlYvi Av‡jv‡K I ¶gZv cÖvß nBqv

gyw³hy×Kvjxb evsjv‡`k miKvi MVb Kiv nq| D³ miKvi mvdj¨gwÛZ fv‡e

gyw³hy× cwiPvjbv K‡i| we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡ki mwnZ mg‡SvZv K‡i| wewfbœ

†`‡k evsjv‡`k wgkb ¯’vcb mn ‰e‡`wkK m¤úK© ¯’vcb K‡i| djkª“wZ‡Z

gyw³hy‡×i †kl ch©v‡q fyUvb I fviZ evsjv‡`k ivóª‡K KzU‰bwZK m¦xK…wZ cÖ`vb

K‡i| m¦vaxbZvi ci 1972 m‡bi 11 B Rvbyqvix Zvwi‡L Provisional Constitution

of Bangladesh Order, 1972 D`&‡NvlY Kiv nq| D³ Order Gi cÖ¯—veYvi cÖ_g

ev‡K¨B ejv nBqv‡Q t

264

“ Whereas by the Proclamation of Independence Order, dated the

10th April, 1971 provisional arrangements were made for the

governance of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh”.

AZtci, g~j Order Gi cÖ_‡gB ejv nBqv‡Q t

“ Now therefore in pursuance of the Proclamation of Independence

Order, dated the 10th April, 1971........................”

GBfv‡e 1971 m‡bi 10B GwcÖ‡ji The Proclamation of Independence nBj

Provisional Constituion of Bangladesh Order, 1972, Gi

g~j wfwË|

ZvnvQvov, 1972 m‡bi 10B GwcÖj Zvwi‡L evsjv‡`k MYcwil‡`i

D‡×vvabx Abyôv‡b m¦vaxbZv †Nvlbv cÖ¯—v‡e 1971 m‡bi 26‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L

e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb m¦vaxbZvi †h †Nvlbv cÖ`vb KwiqvwQ‡jb hvnv 1971

m‡bi 10B Gwcªj Zvwi‡L The Proclamation of Independence m¦xK…Z I mgw_©Z

nBqvwQj Zvnvi mwnZ MYcwil`I GKvZ¥Zv cÖKvk K‡ib|

AZtci, 1972 m‡bi 4Vv b‡f¤¦i Zvwi‡L M„nxZ msweav‡bi cÖ¯—vebvi

cÖ_g ev‡K¨B 1971 m‡bi 26‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L †h m¦vaxbZv †Nvlbv cÖ`vb Kiv

nBqvwQj Zvnvi m¦xK…wZ cÖ`vb Kiv nq|

ZvnvQvov, msweav‡bi 150 Aby‡”Q‡`i AvIZvq cÖ¯—yZK…Z PZy_© Zdwm‡j

1971 m‡bi 26‡k gvP© ZvwiL nB‡Z msweavb cÖeZ©‡bi ZvwiL ch©š— mgq mxgv

g‡a¨ Proclamation of Independence mn mKj Kvh© Aby‡gvw`Z I mg_©b Kiv nq|

PZy_© Zdwm‡ji 3(1) Aby‡”Q` wbæiƒc t

PZy_© Zdwmj

[150 Aby‡”Q` ]

ÔÔ3|(1) 1971 mv‡ji 26‡k gvP© nB‡Z GB msweavbÐcÖeZ©‡bi

Zvwi‡Li g‡a¨ cÖYxZ ev cÖYxZ ewjqv we‡ewPZ mKj AvBb,

m¦vaxbZvi †NvlYvcÎ ev †h †Kvb AvBb nB‡Z AvnwiZ ev

AvnwiZ ewjqv we‡ewPZ KZ„©‡Z¡i Aaxb Abyiƒc †gqv‡`i g‡a¨

cÖhy³ mKj ¶gZv ev K…Z mKj Kvh© GZÏviv Aby‡gvw`Z I

mgw_©Z nBj Ges Zvnv AvBbvbyhvqx h_v_©fv‡e cÖYxZ, cÖhy³

265

I K…Z nBqv‡Q ewjqv †NvwlZ nBj |

Dc‡iv³ e¨e¯’vejx msweav‡bi Ab¨ †h‡Kvb weavb m‡Z¡I msweav‡bi 150

Aby‡”Q` Abymv‡i Kvh©Ki nq| GgZ Ae¯’vq Ab¨vb¨ weavbvejx I Kvh©v`xmn

1971 m‡bi 10B GwcÖj, Zvwi‡L †NvwlZ ÔProclamation of IndependenceÕ Ges

D³ Proclamation G ewY©Z I m¦xK…Z Z_¨ †h e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb 1971

m‡bi 26‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv †Nvlbv KwiqvwQ‡jb Zvnv msweavb

KZ„©K Aby‡gvw`Z I mgw_©Z nq Ges AvBbvbyhvqx h_v_©fv‡e cÖYxZ, cªhy³ I K…Z

nBqv‡Q ewjqv mvsweavwbKfv‡e cÖwZwôZ nq|

GB cÖwZwôZ mZ¨‡KB 1979 m‡bi Authentication Committee m¦xK…wZ cÖ`vb

KwiqvwQ‡jb|

evsjv‡`‡ki GKRb cÖwZ_Rkv AvBbRxwe, ivRbxwZwe` I †jLK Rbve

gI`y` Avng` Zvnvi ‘Bangladesh : Era of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman’ Mª‡š’ ‘The

Proclamation of Independence’ m¤¦‡Ü wbæwjwLZ gš—e¨ K‡ib (c„t 5Ð7)t

“ The Proclamation of Independence The Proclamation of Independence laid down the fundamental law

for the country in war. So it continued to provide the legal cover for all the

acts done by the government not only during the war period but also

thereafter. The Proclamation became the fountain of law and the source of

authority; it was the constitution of the country till the new constitution was

made effective on and from December 16, 1972. The proclamation was

made to handle a special situation. The main feature of the proclamation

was that the governmental system was made Presidential and for strategic

and popular reasons Sheikh Mujib was named as the President in the

instrument itself and he was to continue as a President till such time a

constitution was framed. War is always met by special laws to enable a

government to handle the affairs of the state effectively. So it was nothing

unusual that in the special circumstances power was concentrated in one

hand, giving the president both the executive and the legislative powers.

Beisdes this, the president was made the Supreme Commander of the armed

forces with power to grant pardon, appoint a Prime Minister and other

Ministers, levy taxes and expend monies, summon and adjourn the

266

Constituent Assembly and do all things necessary to give to the people of

Bangladesh “an orderly and just” government.

......................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................

According to the Proclamation the elected representatives (MNAs

and MPAs) constituted themselves into a Constituent Assembly and having

held mutual consultations declared and constituted Bangladesh as a

sovereign people’s republic. They thereby confirmed the declaration of

independence already made by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on March 26,

1971. The reasons for justifying the proclamation were stated to be that

after the free election held in the country for the purpose of framing a

constitution Yahya Khan summoned the elected representatives of the

people to meet on March 3, 1971 for the said purpose but the Assembly so

summoned was arbitrarily and illegally postponed for an indefinite period

and instead of fulfilling their promise, the Pakistan authorities declared an

unjust and treacherous war. So the representatives from Bangladesh met

and constituted themselves into a Constitutent Assembly and declared

independence.

........................................................................................................

........................................................................................................

However, once the Pakistan Army surrendered, the Proclamation

gained significant importance both from a historical and constitutional point

of view. After December 16, 1971 the Proclamation continued to remain

fully effective as the fundamental instrument of law for the country and the

laws made thereunder were obeyed by the entire population. The

Proclamation became a reality-it created a new nation on the map of the

world.”

1977 m‡bi m¦vaxbZv msMªv‡gi BwZnvm iPbv cÖKí t

m¦vaxbZv msMªv‡gi BwZnvm iPbvi `vwqZ¡ Rbve nvmvb nvwdRyi ingv‡bi

Dci Ac©b Kiv nq| Zvnvi wb‡qvM weÁwßwU wbæiƒc t

cwiwkó

(GK)

[ The Bangladesh Gazette Part II, September 1, 1977, page 503]

267

Ministry of Information and Broadcasting

*** *** ***

weÁwß

XvKv, 23†k AvM÷, 1977

bs Z_¨/4BÐ25/77/41481Ðm¦vaxbZv msMªv‡gi BwZnvm iPbvi D‡Ï‡k¨

‰`wbK evsjvi cÖv³b m¤úv`K Rbve nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb‡K Z_¨ I †eZvi

gš¿Yvj‡q we‡kl fvicÖvß Awdmvi c‡` 1977 m‡bi 1jv RyjvB nB‡Z Rbm¦v‡_© GK

erm‡ii Rb¨ Pyw³ wfwˇZ wb‡qvM Kiv nBj|

2| Pyw³i kZ©vbyhvqx wZwb Zuvnvi †eZb I Ab¨vb¨ myweavw` cvB‡eb|

ivóªcwZi Av‡`kµ‡g

Avãym †mvenvb DcÐmwPe

m¦vaxbZv msMªv‡gi BwZnvm iPbv cÖKíwU AvbyôvwbKfv‡e ev¯—evq‡bi

Rb¨ nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb‡K miKvix fvicÖvß Awdmvi c‡` 23Ð8Ð1977

Zvwi‡L wb‡qvM cÖ`vb KiZt weÁwßwU 1Ð9Ð1977 Zvwi‡L evsjv‡`k †M‡R‡U

cÖKvwkZ nq|

ZvnvQvov, Writing and Printing of History of Bangladesh War of Liberation

Gi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii Z_¨ gš¿Yvjq KZ„©K GKwU Resolution Gi gvidr

cÖ_‡g 18Ð7Ð1978 Zvwi‡L I Zrci 13Ð2Ð1979 Zvwi‡L GKwU Authentication

Committee MVb Kiv nq|

m¦vaxbZv msMªvg BwZnvm iPbvi Authentication Committee I Dnvi

terms of reference wbæiƒc wQj t

GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH

MINISTRY OF INFORMATION AND BROADCASTING, DACCA.

No. 51/2/78-Dev/10493(25), dated 13.2.1979

RESOLUTION

268

In partial modification of Resolution issued under No. 51/2/78-Dev/231, dated 18.7.78, Govt. have been pleased to reconstitute an Authentication Committee for the Project “Writing and Printing of a History of Bangladesh War of Liberation” with the following members : 1. Dr. Mofizullah Chairman Pro-Vice Chancellor, Dacca University

2. Prof. Salauddin Ahmed, .. Member Chairman, Deptt. of History, Jahangir Nagar University

3. Dr. Anisuzzaman, .. Prof., Deptt of Bengali, Chittagong University .. Member

4. Dr. Safar Ali Akanda, .. Member Director, Insitute of Bangladesh Studies, Rajshahi.

5. Dr. Enamul Huq, .. Member Director, Dacca Museum.

6. Mr. K.M. Mohsin .. Member Associate Professor, Deptt. of History Dacca University.

7. Dr. Shamsul Huda Harun .. Member Associate Professor, Deptt. of Political Science, Dacca University.

8. Dr. K.M. Karim, .. Member Director, National Library and Archive, Dacca

9. Mr. Hasan Haifizur Rahman, .. Member-Secretary. O.S.D., History of Bangladesh War of Liberation Project.

2. The following shall be the terms of reference of the committee :

(a) To verify, endorse and authenticate the collected data and documents to be included in the History of Bangladesh War of Liberation.

(b) To determine validity and price of documents required for the committee.

M.A. SALAM KHAN Section Officer.

D‡j−L¨ †h D³ Authentication Committee †Kvb fu~B‡dvuo KwgwU wQj bv|

Bnvi cÖwZwU m`m¨ evsjv‡`‡ki cÖexb, axgvb, I we`» BwZnvmwe` I eyw×Rxex|

Zvnviv mK‡jB wb‡f©Rvj mZ¨vbymÜvbx wQ‡jb| miKvi Zvnv‡`i mZZv I cÖÁv

m¤¦‡Ü wbwðZ nBqvB Authentication Committee †Z wb‡qvM cÖ`vb KwiqvwQj| D³

269

KwgwUi m`m¨M‡Yi b¨vqbxwZ, Ávb I wbi‡c¶Zv m¤¦‡Ü Avcvgi Rbmvavi‡Yi we‡kl

Kwiqv Z`vwbš—b miKv‡ii †Kvbiƒc wØav wQj bv| Zvnviv mK‡jB Av¯’vfvRb

e¨w³Ë¡ wQ‡jb| D‡j−L¨ †h H mgq ivóªcÖavb I miKvi cÖavb wQ‡jb †Rbv‡ij

wRqvDi ingvb| Zvnvi wb‡RiI e³e¨ wQj History cannot be erased |

evsjv‡`k m¦vaxbZv hy‡×i BwZnvm cÖK‡íi cÖvgvY¨Kib KwgwUi †Pqvig¨vb

KwgwUi g~j D‡Ïk¨ I Kvh©KiY m¤¦‡Ü Mª‡š’i gyLe‡Ü wbæ wjwLZ gš—e¨ K‡ib

(`wjjcÎt cÖ_g LÛ, c„t `yB)t

gyLeÜ

evjv‡`k m¦vaxbZv hy‡×i BwZnvm cÖK‡íi bqÐm`m¨ wewkó

cÖvgvY¨KiY KwgwUi Zid †_‡K GB `wjj msMª‡ni cÖKvkbv m¤ú‡K©

`ywU K_v wb‡e`b KiwQ| G cÖK‡íi DrcwË I MVb, Gi g~j D‡Ïk¨

I Kvh©c×wZ m¤ú‡K© we‡kl fvicÖvß Kg©KZ©v Rbve nvmvb nvwdRyi

ingvb we¯—vwiZ ej‡eb|

wecyjvqZb I msM„nxZ DcvË †_‡K cÖKvwkZe¨ `wjjmg~n

wbe©vP‡b KwgwUi m`m¨e„›` wbi‡c¶ f~wgKv cvj‡b h_vmva¨ ‡Póv

K‡i‡Qb| Zuuviv N›Uvi ci N›Uv a‡i `wjjvw`i cvÛywjwc ‰ah© a‡i

cix¶v K‡i‡Qb, we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbv Ðmgv‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g ms‡hvRb I

ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨ g~j¨evb Dc‡`k w`‡q cÖKí ev¯—evq†b mnvqZv

K‡i‡Qb| Avgv‡`i †Kvb gš—e¨ QvovB `wjj¸‡jv mivmwi cvVK I

M‡elK‡`i Kv‡Q Dcw¯’Z n‡”Q| `wjjcÎ h_vm¤¢e g~jm~Î †_‡K

D×v‡ii †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖKvwkZ `wjj¸‡jv cÖgvY¨KiY KwgwU

Aby‡gv`b K‡i w`‡q‡Qb|

cÖvq mv‡o wZb jvL c„ôve¨vcx `wjj †_‡K cÖv_wgK wbe©vP‡bi

ci ¸i“`vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb cÖK‡í wb‡qvwRZ wewfbœ M‡elKe„›`|

Zuviv Rbve nvmvb nvwdRyi ingv‡bi †bZ„‡Z¡ G `vwqZ¡ h_vh_ wbôv I

Avš—wiKZvi ms‡M cvjb K‡i‡Qb|

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

gwdRyj−vn& Kexi †Pqvig¨vb 14 †m‡Þ¤¦i, cÖgvY¨KiY KwgwU

1982 evsjv‡`k m¦vaxbZv hy‡×i BwZnvm cÖKí|

270

ZvnvQvov, cÖK‡íi cÖvYcyi“l nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb mvwe©K cÖKíwU m¤¦‡Ü

Mª‡š’i f~wgKvq wbæwjwLZ gš—e¨ K‡ib t

f~wgKv

evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv hy‡×i mgqmxgv 1971 mv‡ji 25‡k gvP©

†_‡K 16 wW‡m¤¦i ch©š—| GB mg‡q evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv hy‡×i

ms‡M m¤úwK©Z mviv we‡k¦ hv wKQy N‡U‡Q Zvi Z_¨ I `wjjcÎ

msMªn Ges †mm‡ei Ici wfw³ K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv hy‡×i

BwZnvm iPbv I gy`Ö‡Yi `vwqZ¡ Awc©Z nq gyw³hy× BwZnvm wjLb I

gy`ÖY cÖK‡íi Ici| MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii Z_¨

gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b GB cÖKíwU cÖwZwôZ nq Ges Gi KvR ïi“ nq

1978 mv‡ji Rvbyqvix †_‡K (cwiwkó `Öóe¨)|

BwZnvm iPbvi `vwqZ¡cÖvß n‡jI GB cÖKí m¦vaxbZv hy×

msµvš— `wjj I Z_¨Ðmg~n cÖKvkbvi wm×vš— MªnY K‡i| Gi KviY,

mgKvjxb †Kvb NUbvi we‡kl K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv hy‡×i

g‡Zv GKwU hyMvš—Kvix NUbvi BwZnvm iPbvi †¶‡Î wbi‡c¶Zv I

e¯—ywbôZv i¶v Kiv Ges weK…wZi m¤¢vebv Gwo‡q hvIqv e¯—yZ

AZ¨š— `yiƒn| GR‡b¨B Avgiv BwZnvm iPbvi cwie‡Z© `wjj I Z_¨

cÖKvk‡KB AwaK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© g‡b K‡iwQ| Gi d‡j `wjj I Z_¨vw`B

K_v ej‡e, NUbvi weKvk I avivevwnKZv i¶v Ki‡e, NUbv ci¯úivi

msMwZ i¶v Ki‡e|

GB j¶¨ mvg‡b †i‡LB K‡qKwU L‡Û msM„nxZ `wjjmg~n cÖKv‡ki

wm×vš— cÖKí Mªnb K‡i| GB cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z cÖK‡íi mvg‡b GKwU

we‡kl we‡eP¨ welq ‡`Lv †`q GB †h, `wjjcÎ msMª‡ni mgqmxgv

m¦vaxbZv hyׇKw›`ªK nIqv m‡Z¡I G m‡Z¨I mgvb ¸i“Z¡c~Y© †h,

m¦&vaxbZv hy‡×i cðv‡Z weivU cUf~wg i‡q‡Q| m¦vaxbZv hyׇK GB

cUf~wg †_‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i †`Lv hvq bv| GB cUf~wgi NUbvejxÐhv‡K

gyw³msMªvg e‡j AwfwnZ Kiv hvq ÐZvi Awbevh© cwiYwZB m¦vaxbZv

hyׇK Aek¨¤¢vex K‡i †Zv‡j| ZvB gyw³msMªv‡gi m¦iƒc Rvbv Qvov

m¦vaxbZv hyׇK Zy‡j aiv m¤¢eB bq| GB cwiw¯’wZ‡Z m¦vaxbZv

hy‡×i `wjj cÖKv‡ki ms‡M Gi cUf~wg msµvš— `yÕLÛ `wjjÐmsMªn

cÖKv‡ki wm×vš—I cÖKí MªnY K‡i|

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

`wjj I Z_¨vw` msMª‡ni e¨vcv‡i bxwZgvjv Avgiv e¨vcK I

†Lvjv‡gjv †i‡LwQ| Z‡e cUf~wg m¤¦‡Ü `wjj I Z_¨vw` Mªn‡Y

271

wKQyUv mshZ `„wóf½x Aej¤¦b Kwi| Avgiv ïay †mB me Z_¨ I

`wjjB cUf~wg L‡Û mwbœ‡ewkZ Kivi wm×vš— wbB, hv evsjv‡`‡ki

eZ©gvb f~L‡Ûi ‰ewkó¨ I GLv‡b emevmKvix RbM‡Yi

AvkvÐAvKvs¶vi ms‡M cÖZ¨¶fv‡e RwoZ| A_©vr, †hme NUbv,

Av‡›`vjb I Kvh©KviY GB f~L‡Ûi RbMY‡K gyw³msMªv‡gi w`‡K D×y×

I cwiPvwjZ K‡i‡Q, cÖavbZ †mme msµvš— `wjj I Z_¨B GB L‡Û

KvjvbyµwgKfv‡e mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q| GB `„wó‡KvY †_‡K Avgiv

evsjv‡`‡ki AZxZ NuvU‡Z wM‡q eû `~iÐAZxZ cÖZ¨vc©b Kwiwb|

1905 mv‡ji esMfsM †_‡KB cUf~wg msµvš— `wjjÐZ_¨vw`i mwbœ‡ekb

ïi“ Kwi| Avgiv g‡b Kwi evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³msMªv‡gi e¨vL¨vq GB

ïi“i mxgvwU evûj¨ewR©Z, cÖZ¨¶ Ges hyw³Mªvn¨|

1905ÐGi esMfsM Ges Zv i`ÐGi ci 1940 mvj ch©š—

ga¨eZ©x G `xN© mg‡qi Avi †Kvb `wjj G L‡Û mwbœ‡ek Kiv nqwb|

KviY 1911 †_‡K 1940 ch©š— GB f~L‡Û AbywôZ mKj ivR‰bwZK

Av‡›`vjb me©fviZxq e„wUkwe‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi Aš—f~©³ wQj| 1940

mv‡j M„nxZ jv‡nvi cÖ¯—v‡e m¦Zš¿ ivóªxq mËviƒ‡c evsjvi cÖwZôvi

m¤¢vebv wbwnZ wQj| Avi Zv DÌvcb K‡iwQ‡jb evsjv‡`‡kiB

msL¨v¸i“Ð Rb‡Mvôxi Awevmsevw`Z †bZv G,†K, dRjyj nK| 1946

mv‡j wbZvš— A‰eafv‡e w`j−x Kb‡fbk‡b jv‡nvi cÖ¯—v‡ei †h

ms‡kvabx Kiv nq, Zv‡Z evsjvi m¦Zš¿ ivóªxqiƒ‡ci cÖkœ‡K cwinvi

Kiv nq| 1947 mv‡j fviZ wefvM m¤ú‡K© gvD›Ue¨v‡Ub cwiKíbv

†Nvlbvi ci m¦vaxb I mve©‡fŠg evsjv cÖwZôvi cÖ‡Póv nq, wKš‘ †m

cÖ‡Póv e¨_© nq Ges †hfv‡e cvwK¯—vb cÖwZwôZ nq Zv‡Z

m¦vqZ¡kvm‡bi welqwU m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c D‡cw¶Z nq| GiB cwiYwZ‡Z

cieZ©xKv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi m¤§~‡L m¦vqZ¡kvmb Z_v

m¦vaxbZvi Rb¨ msMªvg Kiv HwZnvwmK cÖ‡qvRb n‡q †`Lv †`q| GB

HwZnvwmK cÖ‡qvRb‡K g~Z© K‡i Zy‡j‡Q Ggb mg¯— `wjjB G L‡Û

mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q|

cUf~wg msµvš— `wjjcÎ `ywU L‡Û wef³| cÖ_g LÛwU †kl

n‡q‡Q 1958 mv‡j AvBqye Lv‡bi ¶gZv `L‡ji mgqmxgvq|

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276

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cÖPvwiZ m¦vaxbZvi †NvlYv| cyw¯—KvÐ ÔÔesMeÜy ¯úxK&m|”

Declaration of Independence

ÔÔThis may be my last message, from today Bangladesh is independent.

I call upon the people of Bangladesh wherever you might be and with

whatever you have, to resist the army of occupation to the last. Your fight

must go on untill the last soldier of the Pakistan occupation army is expelled

from the soil of Bangladesh and final victory is achieved.ÕÕ

[Message embodying Declaration of Independence sent by

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to Chittagong shortly after midnight

of 25th March, i.e. early hours of 26th March, 1971 for transmission

throughout Bangladesh over the ex-EPR transmitter]

277

m¦vaxbZvi Dc‡iv³ †NvlYv m¤c‡K© 2004 m‡bi cÖZ¨qb KwgwU wb‡æv³ gš—

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nBjt

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m¦vaxb evsjv †eZvi cÖPvwiZ Abyôvbgvjvi †Uc‡iKW©, 27 gvP©, 1971, w` †óUm&g¨vb, w`j−x, 27‡k gvP©, 1971

27 gvP©1971

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27 gvP© 1971

278

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE Major Zia, Provisional Commander-in-Chief of the Bangladesh Liberation Army, hereby proclaims, on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the independence of Bangladesh. I also declare, we have already framed a sovereign, legal Government under Sheikh Mujibur Rahman which pledges to functions as per law and the constitution. The new democratic Government is committed to a policy of non-alignment in international relations. It will seek friendship with all nations and strive for international peace. I appeal to all Government to mobilige public opinion in their respect countries the brutal genocide in Bangladesh. The Government under Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is sovereign Government of Bangladesh and is entitled to recognition from all democratic nations of the world.

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE (2nd) Dear fellow freedom fighters, I, Major Ziaur Rahman, Provisional President and Commander-in-Chief of Liberation Army dp hereby proclaim independence of Bangladesh and appeal for joining our libearation struggle. Bangladesh is independent. We have waged war for the liberation war for the liberation of Bangladesh. Everybody is requested to participate in the liberation war with whatever we have. We will have to fight and liberate the country from the occupation of Pakistan Army. Inshallah, victory is ours. 2004 m‡bi gy`Ö‡Y evsjvq GKwU †NvlYv cÖKvk Kiv nBqv‡Q t wemwgj−vwni ivngvbxi ivwng wcÖq mn‡hv×v fvB‡qiv, Avwg, †gRi wRqvDi ingvb,

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28 gvP© 1971

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE Major Zia, Provisional Commander-in-Chief of the Bangladesh Liberation Army, hereby proclaims, on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the independence of Bangladesh. I also declare, we have already framed a sovereign, legal Government under Sheikh Mujibur Rahman which pledges to function as per law and the constitution. The new democratic Government is committed to a policy of non-alignment in international relations. It will seek friendship with all nations and strive for international peace. I appeal to all Government to mobilige public opinion in their respect countries the brutal genocide in Bangladesh. The Government under Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is sovereign Government of Bangladesh and is entitled to recognition from all democratic nations of the world.

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE (2nd) I, Major Zia, Provisional Commander-in-Chief of the Bangladesh Liberation Army, hereby proclaim, on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the Independence of Bangladesh. I also declare, we have already framed a sovereign, legal Government under Sheikh Mujibur Rahman which pledges to function as per law and the constitution. The new democratic Government is committed to a policy of non-alignment in international relations. It will seek friendship with all nations and strive for international peace. I appeal to all Government to mobilize public opinion in their respective countries against the brutal genocide in Bangladesh. The Govenrment under Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is sovereign legal Government of Bangladesh and is entitled to recognition from all democratic nations of the world.

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(Bangladesh Document, Vol. I P-280-281) :

“EMERGENCE OF BANGLA DESH

BANGLA DESH DECLARES FREEDOM-RAHMAN’S STEP

FOLLOWS ARMY CRACKDOWN- CIVIL WAR ERUPTS IN

EAST PAKISTAN-AWAMI LEAGUE LEADERS GO

UNDERGROUND :

Press Report on March 27, 1971.

281

Pakistan’s Eastern Wing, rechristened the independent State of

Bangla Desh by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in a clandesting Radio

Broadcast, was in the throes of a civil war on friday with west wing

troops resorting to force to regain control and the people, aided by

the East Pakistan rifles and the police, resisting the attempt, reports

UNI.

Heavy fighting was going on in Dacca, Chittagong, Sylhet,

Comilla and other town, according to reports from across the border

gathered by UNI bureaus in Shillong and Calcutta and

correspondents close to the border in the eastern sector, Casualities

were believed to be heavy.

Mr. Rahman and other Awami League leaders had gone

underground, according to highly reliable reports received in

Gauhati by PTI and UNI. A later reports said Pakistan troops went

hunting for them but could not find them.

Speaking over “Swadhin Bangla” (Free Bengal) Betar

Kendra, Mr. Rahman later proclaimed the birth of an independent

Bangla Desh.

The declaration was made shortly before General Yahya

Khan went on the air in the West wing to announce that the army

had been instructed to reassert the Government’s authority in the

East wing. He called Mr. Rahman and his followers traitors.

Mr. Rahman in his broadcast declared definitely: “ We shall

not die like cats and dogs, but shall die as worthy children of Bangla

Ma (Mother Bengal)”, adding, “The flag of Bangla Desh is flying in

all villages of Bangla Desh”.

The broadcast said personnel of the East Bengla regiment,

the East Pakistan Rifles and the entire police force had surrounded

West Pakistani troops in Chittagong, Comilla, Sylhet, Jessore,

Barisal and Khulna.

Heavy fighting was continuing, it said.

An announcer on the clandestine radio station evidently

located in the northern region of East Bengal, said, “ The Sheikh has

declared the 75 million people of East Pakistan as citizens of the

sovereign independent Bangla Desh”.

The Broadcast called upon the people of free Bangla Desh to

continue the current movement till the last enemy soldier was

vanquished. It said Mr. Rahman was the only leader of the people of

282

independent Bangla Desh and his commands should be obeyed by

all sections of people to save the country from the ruthless

dictatorship of West Pakistan.

Mr. Rahman in his broadcast asked the people to resist the

enemy forces at any cost in every corner of Bangla Desh.

May Allah bless you and help in your struggle for freedom

from the enemy he said.

Freedom at all costs

Mr. Rahman said : “Pakistan armed forces suddenly attacked

the East Pakistan Rifle base at Pielkhana and Rajarbagh Police

Station in Dacca at zero hours on March 26, killing a number of

unarmed people. Fierce fighting in going on with East Pakistan

Rifles at Dacca.

“People are fighting gallantly with the enemy for the cause

of freedom of Bangla Desh. Every section of the people of Bangla

Desh are asked to resist the enemy forces at any cost in every corner

of Bangla Desh. May Allah bless you and help in your struggle for

freedom from the enemy. Jai Bangla”.

The first victim of the millitary crackdown in the province

was Dacca Betar Kendra, the world’ only source of news from East

Pakistan Troops seized the radio station early on Friday and

announced a 24-hour curfew in Dacca and its surrounding areas.

When the radio came back on the air it announced itself as

“Radio Pakistan Dacca” and broadcast 16 martial law orders.

All rights between Karachi and Dacca have been suspended

and teleprinter links between the two cities cut.

At least 10,000 West Pakistani troops have landed at

Chittagong and Chalna (Khulna district) during the last 24 hours.

They arrived in the five ships and have since been dispersed to the

three cantonments in Dacca, Comilla and Jessore. This brings the

total number of troops in East Pakistan to 70,000.

(THE STATESMAN, Delhi-March 27, 1971.)

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evsjv|

gI`y` Avng` Zvnvi ‘ Bangladesh: Constitutional Quest For AutonomyÕ(1979)

Mª‡š’ Dc‡iv³ 7B gv‡P©i fvlY m¤¦‡Ü wb‡æv³ gš—e¨ K‡ib (c„t 229Ð230)t

“ Later in the evening of the same day I met him at his house.

When I entered into his room he told me ‘I have done my duty, now you do

yours’. He meant, he had given the call for independence also and there was

nothing more he could do. He looked very exhausted and seriously

apprehended that he would be arrested and finished on that day. Depsite all

the contradictions, Mujib’s speech on March 7, gained historical

importance. When the Bengalis finally entered the armed the struggle to

liberate their country from the Pakistan Army his speech of March 7

inspired millions of youths to fight the war.”

e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb †h 1971 m‡bi 26‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L evsjv‡`‡ki

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