JudaismJudaismG_d’s PromiseG_d’s Promise

AbrahamAbraham

AbramAbram

Judaism starts with Judaism starts with the Patriarch the Patriarch Abraham whose Abraham whose name was changed name was changed from Abram. It is from Abram. It is to him that G_d to him that G_d made a promise made a promise that he would be that he would be the father of many the father of many nations.nations.

Abraham’s journeyAbraham’s journey

Abraham moved to Palestine around Abraham moved to Palestine around 4000 BCE. This was part of G_d’s 4000 BCE. This was part of G_d’s promise.promise.

The Mighty NationThe Mighty Nation

The descendents The descendents of Abraham of Abraham settled in Egypt settled in Egypt where they had where they had become slaves.become slaves.

They cried to G_d They cried to G_d for deliverance for deliverance from bondage of from bondage of slavery.slavery.

G_d called Moses G_d called Moses to lead themto lead them..

MosesMoses

Moses is a main Moses is a main figure in Jewish figure in Jewish history.history.

Born to a Jew he Born to a Jew he was rescued from was rescued from the Nile by the the Nile by the daughter of the daughter of the Pharaoh of Pharaoh of Egypt .Egypt .

MosesMoses He grew up probably He grew up probably

as both an Egyptian as both an Egyptian and a Jew. Although and a Jew. Although he was in the house he was in the house of Pharaoh he was of Pharaoh he was "nursed/raised" by "nursed/raised" by his birth mother. his birth mother.

He was raised to be He was raised to be a leader and became a leader and became second in command second in command of Egypt.of Egypt.

Moses FleesMoses Flees

It was discovered that he was a It was discovered that he was a Jew and had to leave because he Jew and had to leave because he murdered an Egyptian.murdered an Egyptian.

The Call of MosesThe Call of Moses

He later returns He later returns to Egypt after the to Egypt after the burning bush burning bush experience to experience to lead the Israelites lead the Israelites out of Egypt.out of Egypt.

Moses Before PharaohMoses Before Pharaoh

Moses comes Moses comes before Pharaoh before Pharaoh and tells Pharaoh and tells Pharaoh to let G_d’s to let G_d’s people go.people go.

Pharaoh’s ResponsePharaoh’s Response

Pharaoh refuses.Pharaoh refuses. Moses then issues forth the ten Moses then issues forth the ten

plagues.plagues.

The PassoverThe Passover

The Jews were The Jews were instructed to put instructed to put blood on their blood on their doorposts.doorposts.

When the Angel When the Angel of Death came it of Death came it “passed over” the “passed over” the homes with blood homes with blood on the doorposts.on the doorposts.

Final PlagueFinal Plague

When the Pharaoh refused Moses’ last When the Pharaoh refused Moses’ last request the final plague was issued--the request the final plague was issued--the death of every firstborn male.death of every firstborn male.

HasteHaste Pharaoh relented and let the Israelites leave. Pharaoh relented and let the Israelites leave.

They had to make preparations to leave quickly.They had to make preparations to leave quickly.

ChangeChange Pharaoh changed Pharaoh changed

his mind and his mind and decided to chase decided to chase the Israelites.the Israelites.

According the the According the the Hebrew Bible as Hebrew Bible as the Israelites, the Israelites, lead by Moses, lead by Moses, stood at the Red stood at the Red Sea or the Sea of Sea or the Sea of Reeds, G_d acted Reeds, G_d acted on their behalf on their behalf and parted the and parted the waters.waters.

The DeliveranceThe Deliverance

According to the Jews in the According to the Jews in the deliverance three things were deliverance three things were affirmed.affirmed.– Yahweh is the creator of the universeYahweh is the creator of the universe– Yahweh chose the IsraelitesYahweh chose the Israelites– The Jews are to reveal Yahweh to the The Jews are to reveal Yahweh to the

rest of the world.rest of the world.

G_d’s DeliveranceG_d’s Deliverance

G_d, by way of G_d, by way of Moses, led the Moses, led the descendents of descendents of Abraham out of Abraham out of slavery. A covenant slavery. A covenant was established by was established by way of the Ten way of the Ten Commandments Commandments and the Laws of and the Laws of Moses.Moses.

Results of the CovenantResults of the Covenant

Yahweh is the the G_d not only the Yahweh is the the G_d not only the Israelites but of all creation.Israelites but of all creation.

The Israelites are G_d’s people.The Israelites are G_d’s people. Jewish communal life was establishedJewish communal life was established The Pentateuch (the first five books of The Pentateuch (the first five books of

the Hebrew Bible) tells the history the Hebrew Bible) tells the history and regulates the community.and regulates the community.

A Light to the Gentiles A Light to the Gentiles (non Jews)(non Jews)

The Jews reveal the nature of G_d The Jews reveal the nature of G_d and point the way to G_d for the and point the way to G_d for the rest of the world.rest of the world.

Hebrew BibleHebrew Bible c. 900-200 BCE c. 900-200 BCE

3 sections3 sections– the Law - the Law - TTorahorah– the Prophets - the Prophets - NNevi’imevi’im– the Writings - Kethuvimthe Writings - Kethuvim– Together they are called Together they are called TTaannakhakh– The Torah is the core of the BibleThe Torah is the core of the Bible

Talmud (oral and written Talmud (oral and written interpretations of the Torah).interpretations of the Torah).

Rites and FestivalsRites and Festivals

Circumcision of the male child at 8 Circumcision of the male child at 8 daysdays

Bar Mitzvah (Bas Mitzvah girl) boy Bar Mitzvah (Bas Mitzvah girl) boy reaches 13 years of age reaches 13 years of age demonstrates acceptance of demonstrates acceptance of CovenantCovenant

MarriageMarriage BurialBurial

FestivalsFestivals

Pesach (Passover) deliverance from EgyptPesach (Passover) deliverance from Egypt Shavuot (Pentecost) harvest and TorahShavuot (Pentecost) harvest and Torah Sukkot (tabernacles) Fall FestivalSukkot (tabernacles) Fall Festival Rosh Hashana (New Year)Rosh Hashana (New Year) Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement)Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement) Hanukkah (victory over the Syrians in 165 Hanukkah (victory over the Syrians in 165

BCEBCE Purim (deliverance from the Persian Empire)Purim (deliverance from the Persian Empire)

Jewish BeliefsJewish Beliefs

The 13 principles as The 13 principles as developed by Maimonidesdeveloped by Maimonides

13 Principles of the Jewish 13 Principles of the Jewish FaithFaith

1. I believe with perfect faith 1. I believe with perfect faith that God is the creator and that God is the creator and Ruler of all things. Ruler of all things.

2. I believe with perfect faith 2. I believe with perfect faith that God is one.that God is one.

3. I believe with perfect faith 3. I believe with perfect faith that God does not have a that God does not have a body.body.

4. I believe with perfect faith 4. I believe with perfect faith that God that God is first and that God that God is first and last.last.

5. I believe with perfect 5. I believe with perfect faith that it is proper to faith that it is proper to pray to God.pray to God.

6. I believe with perfect 6. I believe with perfect faith that all the words of faith that all the words of all of the prophets are all of the prophets are true.true.

7. I believe with perfect 7. I believe with perfect faith that the prophecy of faith that the prophecy of Moses is absolutely true.Moses is absolutely true.

8. I believe with perfect faith 8. I believe with perfect faith that the entire Torah that we that the entire Torah that we how have is that which was how have is that which was given to Moses.given to Moses.

9. I believe with perfect faith 9. I believe with perfect faith that this Torah will not be that this Torah will not be changed, and there will changed, and there will never be another given by never be another given by God.God.

10. I believe with perfect 10. I believe with perfect faith that God knows all of a faith that God knows all of a man's deeds and thoughts.man's deeds and thoughts.

11. I believe with perfect faith 11. I believe with perfect faith that God rewards those who that God rewards those who keep his commandments, keep his commandments, and punishes those who and punishes those who transgress Him.transgress Him.

12. I believe with perfect faith 12. I believe with perfect faith in the coming of the Messiah.in the coming of the Messiah.

13. I believe with perfect faith 13. I believe with perfect faith that God that the dead will be that God that the dead will be brought back to life when brought back to life when God wills it to happen.God wills it to happen.

Jewish BeliefJewish Belief

There is no official Jewish creed--There is no official Jewish creed--however, there are some basic ideas.however, there are some basic ideas.– Belief in G_d. G_d is one, formless, all-Belief in G_d. G_d is one, formless, all-

knowing, and eternal. G_d is master of the knowing, and eternal. G_d is master of the universe as its creator and judge. G_d is universe as its creator and judge. G_d is both loving and just.both loving and just.

– Belief in the words of the prophets.Belief in the words of the prophets.

Jewish BeliefJewish Belief

– Belief that G_d gave the law to Moses.Belief that G_d gave the law to Moses.– Belief that the Messiah, the savior to Belief that the Messiah, the savior to

be sent by G_d, will come some day.be sent by G_d, will come some day.– Belief that there will be a resurrection Belief that there will be a resurrection

of the good “in the world to come.”of the good “in the world to come.”

Divisions within JudaismDivisions within Judaism

Divisions within JudaismDivisions within Judaism

Cultural Based Cultural Based

Observance BasedObservance Based

Cultural BasedCultural Based

SephardimSephardim

AshkemazimAshkemazim

Falashas, Ethiopian JewsFalashas, Ethiopian Jews

Observance BasedObservance Based

Orthodox JudaismOrthodox Judaism

Conservative JudaismConservative Judaism

Reform JudaismReform Judaism

Reconstructionist JudaismReconstructionist Judaism

The Four Branches of The Four Branches of JudaismJudaism

O rth od oxM ain ta in trad it ion a l b e lie fs

an d p rac tices

R eform edIn corp ora ted m od ern

id eas an d th in k in gin to re lig iou s p rac tices

C on serva tiveM ake som e con cess ion s

b u t m a in ta in certa intrad it ion a l p rac tices

R econ s tru c tion is tsIn d ivid u a l in te rp re ta tionS ym b o lism s , M etap h ors

Ju d a ism , ch an g in g cu ltu ra l fo rce

Ju d a ism

OrthodoxOrthodox

Orthodox JudaismOrthodox Judaism– it came into it came into

existence after the existence after the Reform began.Reform began.

– A branch of Judaism A branch of Judaism committed to committed to retaining traditional retaining traditional practice and belief.practice and belief.

– They are hesitant They are hesitant about discarding any about discarding any traditional practices.traditional practices. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/religion/images/judaism/orthodox_jews.jpg

OrthodoxOrthodox

Among the things Among the things that they believe are:that they believe are:– In synagogues women In synagogues women

are separate from are separate from menmen

– There must be a There must be a quorum of men for quorum of men for service to beginservice to begin

– Only men celebrate Only men celebrate the coming of age the coming of age (bar mitzvah)(bar mitzvah)

http://www.ccoc.net/terror/images/articles/Rachamim-Bar-Mitzvah.jpg

OrthodoxOrthodox

– Males keep their Males keep their heads coveredheads covered

– Social roles are Social roles are strictly separate strictly separate (trad. (trad. Men/Women)Men/Women)

– Orthodox Orthodox household keep household keep strict rules about strict rules about diet.diet.

http://i-cias.com/e.o/ill/jud_orth01_large.jpg

http://www.payer.de/kommkulturen/kultur13137.gif

ConservativeConservative Frankel Solomon Frankel Solomon

Schchter was an early Schchter was an early leader of this branch.leader of this branch.– The Reform The Reform

movement was too movement was too radical.radical.

– The Torah and the The Torah and the Talmud must be Talmud must be followed.followed.

– Practices can vary Practices can vary from synagogue to from synagogue to synagogue.synagogue.

– Most of the worship Most of the worship service is in Hebrew.service is in Hebrew.

http://www.ucalgary.ca/~elsegal/363_Transp/shechter.gif

ConservativeConservative

– Males wear head Males wear head coverings (yarmulkes or coverings (yarmulkes or kippot)kippot)

– Members are Members are encouraged to observe encouraged to observe kashruth, kosher food kashruth, kosher food laws, Shabbat and laws, Shabbat and holidays.holidays.

– Change is accepted but Change is accepted but with much study and with much study and discussion and carefully discussion and carefully weighing all traditions.weighing all traditions.

http://www.ajcop.org/images/huberman.jpg

Reform JudaismReform Judaism David Einhorn and Isaac David Einhorn and Isaac

Mayer inspired this Mayer inspired this movement in the US. movement in the US. Outline:Outline:– The Torah has moral The Torah has moral

authority but ceremonial authority but ceremonial and dietary laws are no and dietary laws are no longer binding.longer binding.

– A need for a Jewish A need for a Jewish homeland was homeland was recognized.recognized.

– An emphasis is placed on An emphasis is placed on religious practice, religious practice, observing the Sabbath, observing the Sabbath, and keeping the holidays.and keeping the holidays.

http://www.ucalgary.ca/~elsegal/363_Transp/Reform_logo.GIF

Reform JudaismReform Judaism Outline (continued)Outline (continued)

– Most of the services are Most of the services are in English and males are in English and males are not required to wear not required to wear coverings.coverings.

– Men and women can sit Men and women can sit togethertogether

– Women can be ordained Women can be ordained as Rabbis.as Rabbis.

Mendelssohn was Mendelssohn was influential in Europeinfluential in Europe

He advocated religious He advocated religious tolerance, Judaism could tolerance, Judaism could be combined with secular be combined with secular culture and embraced culture and embraced many of the ideas of the many of the ideas of the European Enlightenment.European Enlightenment.

http://www.betham.org/women/bawconference.jpg

More ReformMore Reform

Reform synagogue has women and men Reform synagogue has women and men sitting together, services are conducted sitting together, services are conducted in both Hebrew and the native tongue, in both Hebrew and the native tongue, there are choirs and use of organ.there are choirs and use of organ.

Traditional ways of dressing are dropped.Traditional ways of dressing are dropped. The idea is to totally modernize Judaism The idea is to totally modernize Judaism

to be able to survive contemporary to be able to survive contemporary cultures.cultures.

Reconstructionist JudaismReconstructionist Judaism

Founded by Mordecai Kaplan.Founded by Mordecai Kaplan. Individuals in this form are introduced to Individuals in this form are introduced to

traditional Judaism but are allowed to traditional Judaism but are allowed to individually interpret elements.individually interpret elements.

Such things as angels, prophecy, revealed law, Such things as angels, prophecy, revealed law, and the Messiah are taken as symbols.and the Messiah are taken as symbols.

G_d is seen as “the Power which makes me G_d is seen as “the Power which makes me follow even higher ideals.”follow even higher ideals.”

Judaism is seen as an changing cultural force.Judaism is seen as an changing cultural force.