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Methods of out Object:

There are numerous methods available for out Object, such as:

clear

clearBuffer

flush

isAutoFlush

getBufferSize

getRemaining

newLine

print

println

Below is the usage with syntax, example and explanation of above methods.

clear:

As the name implies, the clear method of out object is used to clear the output buffer.

This method does not write any contents to the client. An exception is thrown by this method if

the buffer was flushed.

General syntax of clear method of out object is as follows: out.clear();

clearBuffer:

The clearBuffer method of out object is used to clear the output buffer. This method does

not write any contents to the client.

The only difference between the clear method of out object and clearBuffer method is clear

method throws an exception when the buffer is flushed, clearBuffer method does not throw an

exception when the buffer is flushed.

General syntax of clearBuffer method of out object is as follows: out.clearBuffer();

For example : if (out.getBufferSize() != 0)

out.clearBuffer();

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flush:

Two methods of out object, clear and clearBuffer are used to clear the output buffer

without writing any contents to the client. If you wish to flush the buffer and write contents to the

client, then you can use the flush method of out object. The flush method of out object is used to

flush the buffer by writing the contents to the client.

General syntax of flush method of out object is as follows: out.flush();

For example:

out.flush();

<jsp:forward page="CMC.jsp" />

-The above example will output only the first line of text. This text will be the only thing

viewed in the browser. In the above example, no forwarding will take place. This is because of

the out.flush() method. This method will flush the JspWriter buffer.

Once the content is written to the browser, a forward cannot be invoked. Trying this

throws the exception IllegalStateException. The user can handle this exception by catching it

using the catch block. Handling Exceptions will be covered in detail in a later section of this

tutorial.

isAutoFlush:

The isAutoFlush method of out object returns a true value if the output buffer is

automatically flushed.

General syntax of isAutoFlush method of out object is as follows: out.isAutoFlush

The returned value from this method is Boolean value of true or false.

getBufferSize:

The getBufferSize method of out object is used to return the size of the buffer. The

returned value of the size of the buffer is in bytes. If the output is not buffered, then the

getBufferSize method returns a 0 byte.

General syntax of getBufferSize method of out object is as follows: out.getBufferSize();

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getRemaining:

The getRemaining method of out object is used to return the number of empty bytes in

the buffer.

General syntax of getRemaining method of out object is as follows: out.getRemaining();

newLine:

As the name implies, the newLine method of out object is used to write a newline

character to the output.

The general syntax of newLine method of out object is as follows: out.newLine();

For example:

If a JSP program has the following statements in sequence

out.write("Welcome!!!");

out.newLine();

out.write("To CMC Training");

out.newLine();

Then the output would be as follows:

Welcome!!!

To CMC Training

The newLine method of out object gives a new line to the output and thus, the parameter given

in third out.write statement "To CMC Training" is written in the next line.

print:

The print method of out object writes the value to the output without a newline character.

General syntax of print method of out object is as follows: out.print();

For example: If a JSP program has the following statements in sequence

out.print("Welcome!!!");

out.print("To CMC Training");

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would give output as :

Welcome!!! To CMC Training

This is because the print method of out object writes the output without a newline character.

println:

The println method of out object is used to write the value to the output, including the

newline character.

General syntax of println method of out object is as follows: out.println();

For example: out.println("The Output is:" + ex);

Here if the value of ex is 5 then the output is

The Output is: 5

Here the string concatenation operator + is used along with println method of out object.