1. 4 65 2013/0921 1 EASS20082 [] TerasawaTakunori@gmail.com 1

2. 1. (English divide)(English divide) TaLK (Teaching and Learn in Korea) (Jeon, 2012) 2 3. Terasawa (2012) 3 etc 4. 2. Zou & Zhang, 2011 Terasawa, 2012; , 2013 4 Terasawa, 2012; , 2013 JGSS2002-2010 , 2012EASS-2088 ??? 4 5. P P P P P Oddsratio M M M M M J J J J J J H H H H H L L L L R R R R3 4 5 10 20 P M J H L R Father's edu.: Higher edu. Mother's edu.: Higher edu. Father's job: Mng./Prf. House income level: High Raised in a large city Raised in a non-rural area (2013) 10 5 P Year of birth MJH H H H L L L LR R R R 1913-34 1935-44 1945-54 1955-64 1965-74 1975-89 0.75 1 2 5 2 6. 6 6 7. Q. Q1 H1: 7 H1: Q2 H2a: H2b: 7 8. East Asian Social Survey (EASS) 2008 8 2008 GSS 4 8 9. CGSS JGSS KGSS TSCS 912 1012 68 79 All Chinese aged 18 and above Men and women 20-89 years of age living in Japan The adult citizen aged 18 or over who live in households of Korea Population registers 9 women Korea Four stage PPS Two-stage stratified random sampling Multi-stage area probability sampling Three-stage Stratified PPS 6300 4003 2500 4601 3010 2160 1508 2067 47.77% 60.6% 54.0% 61.00% 44.93% 9 10. (1/2) 10 3 10 11. (2/2) 1 2 3 4 5 -1948 1949-58 1959-68 1969-78 1979-90 60 50 40 30 18-29 11 c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 * ij: 11 12. 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 CN 0 20 40 60 80 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 JP 0 10 20 30 40 50 60C1 C2 C3C4 C5 12 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 KR 0 10 20 30 40 50 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 TW 0 10 20 30 40 50 12 13. 3 (Very good) (Good) (Fair) (Poor) / (Very poor) AC 13 good) poor) Reading a short article in English newspapers 5 4 3 2 1 Chatting with English speakers 5 4 3 2 1 Writing a letter in English 5 4 3 2 1 13 14. A. B. C. - - - - 14 - - - - 14 15. Reading CN JP KR TWVery good Good Fair Poor Very poor DK, refused Chatting CN JP KR TWVery goodGood Fair Poor Very poor DK, refused 15 Writing CN JP KR TWVery goodGood Fair Poor Very poor DK, refused 15 16. 3 Reading Chatting Writing Reading 1.000 0.820 0.806 16 Chatting 0.820 1.000 0.849 Writing 0.806 0.849 1.000 Kendall 16 17. 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 23 Father Mother C 0 500 1000 1500 Years of schooling N of cases 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 23 JP 0 100 200 300 Years of schooling 1717 Years of schooling Years of schooling 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 23 KR 0 100 200 300 400 Years of schooling 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 23 TW 0 200 400 600 Years of schooling 18. No formal qualification Elementary school Junior high High school Junior college University Graduate school DK, refused % 10 15 20 1818 CN JP KR TW 3 Good/Verygood 0 5 10 V = 0.1 V = 0.12 V = 0.17 V = 0.22 19. E1 -- E2 -- E3 -- E4 -- E5 p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 = 1 + + 1) 19 1) = 2 + + 2) = 3 + + 3) 4) = 4 + + 19 20. C C C C C J J J J J K K K K K T T T T T 1.1 1.15 1.2 1.25 20 Birth year a 0.95 1 1.05 1.1 -1948 1949-58 1959-68 1969-78 1979-90 20 21. C C C C J J J J JK K K T T T T T1.15 1.2 1.25 1.3 21 C C Birth year a K K K T 0.95 1 1.05 1.1 1.15 -1948 1949-58 1959-68 1969-78 1979-90 21 22. C C C C C a J J J J J K K K KT T T T T 1.15 1.2 1.25 1.3 22 C C Birth year a K T 0.95 1 1.05 1.1 -1948 1949-58 1959-68 1969-78 1979-90 22 23. 23 23 24. 24 24 25. C C J J J J JK K K K T T1.1 1.15 25 C C C C Birth year a J J J JK K K T T T 0.95 1 1.05 -1948 1949-58 1959-68 1969-78 1979-90 25 26. C C J J J J K K KT T T T1.1 1.15 26 C C C C Birth year a J J K K T T 0.95 1 1.05 -1948 1949-58 1959-68 1969-78 1979-90 26 27. C J J J J K K K T T1.1 1.15 27 C C C C Birth year a J J J K K K K T T T T T 0.95 1 1.05 1.1 -1948 1949-58 1959-68 1969-78 1979-90 27 28. 95% -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 JP -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 CN 28 -1948 1949-58 1959-68 1969-78 1979-90 -1948 1949-58 1959-68 1969-78 1979-90 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 -1948 1949-58 1959-68 1969-78 1979-90 KR -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 -1948 1949-58 1959-68 1969-78 1979-90 TW 29. 95% 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 JP 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 CN 29 -1948 1949-58 1959-68 1969-78 1979-90 -1948 1949-58 1959-68 1969-78 1979-90 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 -1948 1949-58 1959-68 1969-78 1979-90 KR 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 -1948 1949-58 1959-68 1969-78 1979-90 TW 30. 95% 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 JP -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 CN 30 -1948 1949-58 1959-68 1969-78 1979-90 -1948 1949-58 1959-68 1969-78 1979-90 -0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 -1948 1949-58 1959-68 1969-78 1979-90 KR -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 -1948 1949-58 1959-68 1969-78 1979-90 TW 31. 31 31 32. 32 Jeon, 2012; Park, 2011 cf. 2006 32 33. Acknowledgements East Asian Social Survey (EASS) is based on Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), Japanese General Social Surveys 33 (CGSS), Japanese General Social Surveys (JGSS), Korean General Social Survey (KGSS), and Taiwan Social Change Survey (TSCS), and distributed by the EASSDA. 34. References (1/2) Jeon, M. 2012. Globalization of English teaching and overseas Koreans as temporary migrant workers in rural Korea. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 16 (2): 238-254. Zou, W. & Zhang, S. (2011). Family background and English learning at compulsory stage in Shanghai. Feng, A. (ed.) English Language Education Across Greater China, pp. 189-211. Kobayashi, Y. 2012. Global English capital and the domestic economy: the 34 Kobayashi, Y. 2012. Global English capital and the domestic economy: the case of Japan from the 1970s to early 2012. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1-13. Terasawa, T. (2012) The "English divide" in Japan: A review of the empirical research and its implication. Language and Information Sciences, 10: 109-124. 34 35. References (2/2) (2006). (2012). EBS pp. 158-171 (2013) 35 2013