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What is the best tactic to use to What is the best tactic to use to change someone’s mind? A gentle change someone’s mind? A gentle approach? A scare tactic? Which approach? A scare tactic? Which works best on you? Which tactic works best on you? Which tactic would you use? Explain.would you use? Explain.

PuritanismPuritanism

JournalJournal

A sense of morality may keep you from A sense of morality may keep you from cheating on a test. In other words, you cheating on a test. In other words, you know cheating is wrong. There are other know cheating is wrong. There are other reasons for behaving morally. Some reasons for behaving morally. Some people are anxious to please. Others fear people are anxious to please. Others fear the consequences of breaking the rules. the consequences of breaking the rules. Is fear a good motivator? Explain why or why Is fear a good motivator? Explain why or why

not.not. Explain how other factors may keep people Explain how other factors may keep people

from violating standards of morality. from violating standards of morality.

Lesson Essential Lesson Essential QuestionQuestion

How did religion shape the literature How did religion shape the literature of the Puritan period?of the Puritan period?

Consider Bradford’s Consider Bradford’s Of Plymouth Of Plymouth PlantationPlantation, Bradstreet’s poetry, , Bradstreet’s poetry, Edwards’s sermon, and Miller’s Edwards’s sermon, and Miller’s The The Crucible.Crucible.

I’m Henry the VIII, I am…I’m Henry the VIII, I am…

King Henry VIII of England split with King Henry VIII of England split with the Catholic Church over divorcing the Catholic Church over divorcing his wife; he created his own church, his wife; he created his own church, the Church of England (Anglican)the Church of England (Anglican)

Early 1600’s, most Englishmen and Early 1600’s, most Englishmen and women belonged to Church of women belonged to Church of EnglandEngland

Catholics and Anglicans pretty much Catholics and Anglicans pretty much alike, but loathed each other alike, but loathed each other

Close, but no cigarClose, but no cigar

Henry outlawed Catholic Church, but Henry outlawed Catholic Church, but small group unsatisfied; wanted to small group unsatisfied; wanted to “purify” Anglican Church of all traces “purify” Anglican Church of all traces of Catholicismof Catholicism

Small group known as Puritans Small group known as Puritans (those who left the church (those who left the church were Separatists) were Separatists)

Why such a fuss?Why such a fuss?

Wanted to purify Church, return to Wanted to purify Church, return to more primitive principlesmore primitive principles

Puritanism seen as radical movementPuritanism seen as radical movement Persecuted harshlyPersecuted harshly Seeking religious freedomSeeking religious freedom TheocracyTheocracy

The Land of the FreeThe Land of the Free

King James I: Attend Church of King James I: Attend Church of England or be imprisoned; many England or be imprisoned; many refusedrefused

Boarded Mayflower and set sail for Boarded Mayflower and set sail for VirginiaVirginia

Satan, sin, and guiltSatan, sin, and guilt

Puritan New World vision: soldiers in Puritan New World vision: soldiers in a war against Satan, the Arch-a war against Satan, the Arch-Enemy, who sowed discord among Enemy, who sowed discord among ChristiansChristians

Constant fight against temptation Constant fight against temptation and lure of eviland lure of evil

Calvinism…but no Calvinism…but no HobbesHobbes

Puritanism based on Calvinism, a strict Puritanism based on Calvinism, a strict religious doctrine started by John Calvinreligious doctrine started by John Calvin

Total depravityTotal depravity Unconditional electionUnconditional election Limited atonementLimited atonement Irresistible graceIrresistible grace Perseverance of “Saints”/ PredestinationPerseverance of “Saints”/ Predestination

Jonathan Edwards 1703-Jonathan Edwards 1703-17581758

Child prodigy: at age 10, Edwards wrote Child prodigy: at age 10, Edwards wrote essay on nature of the soulessay on nature of the soul

Entered Yale at 13; graduated Entered Yale at 13; graduated Valedictorian at 17; received Master’s, Valedictorian at 17; received Master’s, ordained by 24ordained by 24

At 26, took over grandfather’s ministry, At 26, took over grandfather’s ministry, preached Calvinismpreached Calvinism

1731: “God Glorified in Man’s Dependence”1731: “God Glorified in Man’s Dependence”

1734: “Reality of Spiritual Light”1734: “Reality of Spiritual Light”

Edwards (continued)Edwards (continued)

1738: George Whitefield, popular 1738: George Whitefield, popular British Calvinist evangelist, visits British Calvinist evangelist, visits AmericaAmerica

1740: Edwards joins Whitefield; the 1740: Edwards joins Whitefield; the two spark Great Awakeningtwo spark Great Awakening

““Sinners” stresses Calvinist belief in Sinners” stresses Calvinist belief in predestination, human sin, predestination, human sin,

and God’s powerand God’s power

Edwards, “the last Edwards, “the last Puritan”Puritan”

Like Cotton Like Cotton Mather(Puritan minister) Mather(Puritan minister) and other Puritan and other Puritan ancestors, he believed ancestors, he believed inin The lowliness of The lowliness of

humans in relation to humans in relation to God’s majestyGod’s majesty

The ultimate futility of The ultimate futility of merely human efforts merely human efforts to achieve salvationto achieve salvation

Like Franklin, he Like Franklin, he believed inbelieved in Reason and Reason and

learninglearning Value of Value of

independent independent intellectintellect

Power of human willPower of human will

Stood between Puritan America and Stood between Puritan America and modern America, fitting into neither worldmodern America, fitting into neither world

sermonsermon

A form of religious persuasion in A form of religious persuasion in which a speaker urges listeners to which a speaker urges listeners to behave in a more spiritual and moral behave in a more spiritual and moral fashionfashion

Shaped by purpose, audience, and Shaped by purpose, audience, and contextcontext

emotional appeals emotional appeals Messages designed to persuade an Messages designed to persuade an

audience by creating strong feelings rather audience by creating strong feelings rather than by providing facts and evidencethan by providing facts and evidence

Writers often use tone, imagery, and Writers often use tone, imagery, and figurative language to make these appeals.figurative language to make these appeals. appeal to fear – taps into people’s fear of losing appeal to fear – taps into people’s fear of losing

their safety or securitytheir safety or security appeal to pity – takes advantage of people’s appeal to pity – takes advantage of people’s

sympathy and compassion for otherssympathy and compassion for others appeal to vanity – relies on people’s desire to appeal to vanity – relies on people’s desire to

feel good about themselvesfeel good about themselves

Vocabulary Preview for Vocabulary Preview for “Sinners” “Sinners”

Write a synonym for each of the following Write a synonym for each of the following words:words:

executionsexecutions refugerefuge arbitraryarbitrary uncovenanteduncovenanted forbearanceforbearance wrathwrath singesinge induceinduce