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THE JOURNAL OF THE

AUSTRALIAN

CENTRE FOR UFO STUDIES

Published by:

The Australian Centre for UFO Studies

P.O. Box 546 Gosford, NSW 2250 Australia

Registered for posting as a Publication - Category B

THE JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN CENTRE FOR UFO STUDIES - Volume 2, Number 4. July/August 1981. (C) No part of this publication may be reproduced without prior written consent of ACUFOS, except for UFO organisations. Credit must be g�ven.

I N 0 E X

Item ..

Editorial H. Griesberg & K. Basterfield

Transitions ,J. Co Chalkar

From Plausibility to Ptoof: The 11 Smoking Gun". John Prytz

Historical Reports in Australia (Prt4) Bill Chalker

A Brief Summary of an Anaiysis of tho Temporal Dwstribution of an Italian Typ e-1 Cases Sample �lauri zio Verga

Subject Notes Holly I. Goriss

Eeppp1 UFOs and Synchronistic Events �ark Moravec

ACUFOS Bibliography Service Jogn Prytz

1 - 2

2 & ,.

.3 5

5 - 7

8 - 11

. 11'-12 0

13-16

17-20

EditoriaL, by Harry Griesberg & Keith Basterfield.

As readers and membc� organisations will be aware, the Australian Centre for UFO Studies provides services for the promotion of research into the UFO phenomena? especially within Australia. As such, the Centre does Not have any predetermined policy on the cause of the phenomena. Indeed it must not have one as it represents interested research groups from Cairnsi Brisbane, Sydney, Hobart, Adelaide and Perth plus interested individuals located elsewhere. Each group and each individual may of course have their own individual ideas as to the phenomena's cause. This is democeacy at work.

There is no doubt however that we all believe there to be enough "paydirt" in the subject to continue ou� research; From time t� time, ideas arise which challenge the viewpoint of an individual or organisation. Provided these viewpoints are presented in a reasonable, logical way with evidence, they can only be seen as providing the background for healthy progressive research.

As an example, the MUFON (Mutual UFO Network-USA) Journal for February 198J

���Bth�gtg�vm�lttSRte�n3tBa��1e���oe�Tg�h�E�i!tDk�natT�hecoa?i��9ib¥ e6s��8le explanations for the UFO phenomena. Richard Hall (the Journal's editor) writes in his editorial:-;'The article by Stuart Camp bell which tends to discredit the Extraterrestrial hypothesis (ETH) is a truly provocative one, well worth follow-up dialogue that I hope will be forthcoming. Campbell touches on all the pre suppositions (dare I say "assumptions?") that make extraterrestrial visitation seem unlikely if not impossible. It appears to me however, that CampbelLis rather free with his own assumptions, which I shall refrain from pointing out in the hope that informed and observant readers will respond for publication. In fact, I invite and urge reader response in this particular case, since Campbell has managed

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to incorporate just about every conceivable anti-ETH argument yet advanced. His own assumptions need to be examined. The pages of the Journal are open for full discussion of the issues he raises."

Self criticism of ourselves by ourselves is very important. If we can't regulate ourselves and our ideas then there is little hope of interesting non­informed persons in our search. Congratulations to the MUFON JOURNAL for opening its pages for a reasoned article even if it is critical of one approach, namely the ETH in this example.

The ACUFOS JOURNAL is always open for articles of 11debate". If you think UFOs are time travellers, inter-dimensional, extraterrestrial, psychological, psychic etc., by all means write articles on these subjects either for or against. As mentioned earlier only by internal debate in a calm atmosphere can our research progress • .

Unlike some global UFO groups, the majority of ACUFOS member organisations and investigators according to a survey, do not think that we have come across THE answer as yet.

we contacted Vladimir Godic, publisher and editor of the UFO RESEARCH­AUSTRALIA-NEWSLETTER (UFORAN) in Adelaide who says he agrees with this philosophy. Th(:! section of UFORAN titled "Forum" i91 he sa�s, intended for controversial articles, artlcles of debate, for, agalnst all and any ideas.

So, if you disagree with the line of approach of anyone's/any group's philosophy, let's hear about it in print. Both the JOURNAL and UFORAN will be happy to print all viewpoints as long as they are reasoned, scientifically oriented researched, and above all, are not personal attacks on any individual. There is no room for American style !'ufology11 in our Australian ranks�

Transitions. byw. c. Chalkcr.

Sadly I must report on the passing of 2 long time sta ff members of UFO Research( NSW) Both of them in their own ways contributed to UFO research, and formed a link betwcon the activities of the fifties and sixties and those carried out in the 70s and 8 0s.

FREDERICK J. M.- PHILLIPS - F.C.A.I. A. (June? lOth 1903 - June 21st 198 1. ) The breath of Fred Phillips' interest was extraordinary. Here was a man of n.arvelous intellect, who was only too willing to share his knowledge. His interests spread from a profound interest in all matters occult to practical explorations of such mysteries. He surrounded himself with a large library, which he was always willing to share with friends and serious researchers. Fred's interest in UFUs stretches back to the 50s. As the Sydney �anager of Young's Transport (Customs Agents) he made available the company' s premises in Druitt St. for group meetings. In 1969 , Or. Mirinn Lindtn�r, President of the UFO Investigation Centre (UFOIC) for 16 years, died tragically in Frankfurt, Germany. Fred became President at this sad time, and continued to carry out this role throughout the series of changes the group underwent during the 1 9 70s. Fred Phllillips was among the 1st in riustralia to contemplnte the psychic dimensions of the UFO phenomenon -an attitude which was none too popular at the time. D�ring 197 7, UFO Research ( N5�) was formed from UFOIC, and Fred consented to stay on as honorary President. He and I got to know each other better and shared a number of interests. He was of vital help in my search for the story behind the 'l"lystC?ry of a Machine to go through the Air' - an account of an 1868 UFO landing and contact in Parramatta NSJ. On a personal level, I'll miss Fred Phillips, the mon, but his memory will survive in the world he moved amongst - both on a physical & spiritual plane. In more direct terms his library will survive and be maintained by his closest friends. As a member of the Liberal Catholic Church he practi�ed many of its Theosophical tenants. He had a strong belief in reincarnation and it would therefore be appropriate to perhaps consider his passing as only a transition, to other things. Thanks Fred.

(Continued on page 16 )

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From Plausibility to Proof: The "Smoking Gun11•

by John Prytz • .

11We dance around in a ring and suppose, But the Secret sits in the middle and knows."

(Robert Frost)

If the above quotation doesn't sum up much of the current (and past) state of affairs in ufology, I don't know what doest It surely applies to me, · for in the recent past (among other things) supposed that:

ETIT (extraterrestrial intelligence with technology) is abundant throughout the universe and our galaxy.

Interstellar space travel and colonisation are both feasible and desirable. The existence of Planet Earth must be known to some spacefaring ETITs. At least some UFOs are the manifestations of such ETITs. Such ETITs would have at their command highly advanced technology; the ETITs themselves could be examples of artificial intelligence. And that there are no overwhelming problems associated with such a scenario.

Thus , with respect to the above suppositions , I have had to argue many times in many places that with respect to any UFO solution , plausibility must come before proof. Therefore, I have argued specifically for the plausibility of the ETIT theory as being at least one solution (even if only partial) to the UFO problem.

Nor of course am I a "Lone Ranger11 in suggesting that theory. However , nobody has ever been able to prove it. Many suggest that if the cause of the UFO phenomena is both external and artificial to mankind and his environment , that we will never be able to do more than "suppose"; the ability to provide proof lies way outside our sphere of influence and control. Maybe yes (in particular with bespect to absolute proof) , maybe not But whether or not any degree of proof is possible , it should be a goal of those interested in the UFO problem.

Now the goal of establishing several plausible theories for the UFO phenomena has been accomplished to my mind. We just may have 11SUpposed" about as far as we can� As such speculations have rested on the UFO picture treated as a bulk phenomena, I suggest therefore that with respect to proof (of one and/or two and/or three non-mutually exclusive plausible theories) that each UFO case be investigated on the merits of that case , as something complimentary to investigation of the UFO problem as a bulk phenomena. It takes only one UFO case to prove the reality of ETIT for example , but that case must be found first. The manipulation of reams of statistics in bulk may of course support the plausibility of any particular theory - only an individual case can prove it.

To anyone other than the U FO witness, the specific UFO case (upon which rests the bulk phenomena and the plausible theories) or sighting or report is a very abstract thing. That goes for the interested layman reading the evening paper , the "on-the-spot" ufologist making an investigation, other ufologists, and even those bona fide scientists who study the phenomena and make all sorts of judgments about ito However , it is the journalist , and ufologist , and scientist who influence the opinion of others with respect to the UFO phenomena - not the witnesst I often get the opinion that the word/ opinion/gut feeling of a uFO witness is somehow lost in the shuffle during an investigationo Yet , these witnesses are our only real normal link to the phenomena we are not on . .!y interested in, but "suppose11 aboutl Therefore, as a first approach to "proo:f11, I suggest that the gut feelings of the actual witness (es) be weighed heavily - as it would be in a court of law.

On that particular topic , although with respect to UFO abductees , the UFO authors Judith and /\lan Gansberg said: (Gansberg, Judith M. & Gansberg , Alan L. - Direct Encounters: Personal Histories of UFO Abductees - 'Jlker & .eo. , N.Y. - 1980 � p. l75.)

"As we were writing· this book, we, like every other writer who has tackled the subject of UFOs , tried to find alternative explanations for what the abductees had seen. After spending many hours dreaming up often absurd scenarios , it

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suddenly hit us that we were being incredibly arrogant. There is nothing wrong with conjuring up half a dozen possible explanations except that it puts us in the position o f saying somehow our reasoning is more logical than the perception of others. ule had to remind ourselves that we were not on the scene at the time of the sightings and abduction. We have no right to tell the abductees what they saw , although we have every right to question tile reality o f the vision. No matter how much information they may have given us about their experiences or how educated in the sciences we may be , we were n.£t. there - on a quiet highway in .N �w rlampshire or a forest in !Jyomingo We did not see what they saw or feel what they fel f. ;r ( my emphasis)

3o , point number one towards proof - the opinion (s) o f the witness( es) must be weighed very heavilye Civen a choice between the word/opinion o f the witness and the word/opinion of an outsider ( and no supporting evidence) , the word/opinion o f the witness must be adopted. This is even truer in the pre-June 1947 era. In considering quasi-identical UFO cases before and after June 19 4 7 , the earlier case could well be used as the 11smoking gun'1 relative to the later case •.

O f course despite the gut reaction and opinions o f UFO witnesses , many UFOs have 11proved" ( though rarely in an absolute sense) to be something quite far removed from those gut impressions. That is , the opinion of "spaceship with port-holes" becomes or proves to be ( in the court of law sense) a meteor; the "intelligc:nt1y, but remote controled globe o f light;' becomes ball-lightning; the obviously "�ussian "secret weaponr' was ( of course) Venus (the Hammer & Sickle insignia an optical illusion). TherGfore , the road towards "proof" ( even in a court of law sense) demands �ore than just witnGss impressions.

Potential "smoking gun" UFO cases are a "dime-a-dozen" when based solely on witness impressions/opinions. Although witness impressions/opinions must play a role in zeroing in on the ''smoking gun1' , other factors ( including the fact that a UFO sighting remains a UFO a fter analysis) must be considered. In other words, some sort of ranking of bona fide UFO reports must be made which takes into account many factors. Many such ranking schemes exist which can be employed to narrow down bona fide UFO cases in order to arrive at the 11best of the best". However, such a list , a hard core o f unknowns i f you will , identifies nothing more than a real scientific problem exists with respect to the UFO phenomena (and of course we knew that all the time). That list still doesn't in itself assist in solving the riddle. However , it is easy ( once a ranking scheme is adopted) to obtain THE BE:JT (singular) o f the "best of the best11• Let me define THAT CASE/REPORT as the potential "smoking gun11•

Once that case/report has been isolated , and weighing heavily the witness( es) impressions/opinions , where do we go from there?

r•:any forms of proof are acceptable to the majority of people ( of which some are; and some are not acceptable to the scientific community) , and one or any combination o f which are USGable in a court of law. For example, there is�

a) Proof by con fession - in a UFO sense this would mean public landings , a "take me to your leader;1 , etc. ( assuming an ETIT theory).

b) Proof by prediction ( a normal scientific method) - this is almost impossible for UFOs based upon a model ( although I have an idea in an embryo stage - stay tuned for eventual details).

c) Proo f by experiment - UFOs refuse to hold still long enough to apply this methodulogy� even 11evidence11 is a "one-off11 affair that makes experimental comparisons improbable.

d) Proof by statistics and probability - frequently used· in proving UFOs to be this? that or the next thing. However , the old saying that_ " figures don't lie , but liars can figure" was always a useful philosophy to keep in the back of your mind when con fronted with such form§ of 11proof''•

e) Proof by elimination - the normal ways and means used by -�eople to translate a UFO into an IFO , as well as to . . rnake sure a UFO remains a UFO�

Using a 11smoking gun" apprnach , only "proof by elimination•: is suitable. �lthough it has been quoted so often that even I'm sick of it , the words Sir Arthur Conan Doyle put into the mouth of Sherlock Holmes, remains spot-on:

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"when you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable , must be the truth".

So, what am I suggesting here? I suggest that a team of highly qualified personnel, familiar with the UFO phenomena ( although it may be necessary, even desireable, to utilise some outside expert consultants) , and multi-disciplined in scope, employ an agreed upon ranking system to arrive at ( without prior knowledge or. bias) THE SINGLE BEST UFO CASE as determined by that ranking scheme • • This would be the UFO 11Sf110KING GUN". Once that has been arrived at, the team ( with unquestionable qualifications and reputations) would apply the Sherlock Holmes philosoph� to that case. The case would be taken apart, piece by piece, dissecteL: unto exhaustion, re-assembled, pulled apart from a d ifferent point of view, dissected, re-assembled� etc. until such time as either:

a) The UFO is turned into an IFO ( in th� traditional sense) , even i� the probability o f �hat being so is some number higher th�n zero. Then, the next best "smoking gun" is dissected.

b) No agreement is possible because @ither there is insuf ficient evidence/data o� else two or more UFO theories can be held to be valid, hence the next best nsinoking gun" is dissected.

c) The UFO is "identified:' ( in the non-traditional sense) with a unanimous agreement o f the team , in terms of a probability so high that it may as well be a certainty. It could be paranormal, ETIT, or whatever. Then, the report and analysis would be sent to an independent umpire for confirmation. If that conclusion were not upheld, it would once again be back to the next best ·'smoking gun·' and so on until either there were no more 11smoking guns" left, or else the plausibility of one UFlJ theory, as demonstrated via that rrsmoking gun11, was proved to the satisfaction of the team and the independent umpireo

P.nd o f course if many "smoking guns•' Luere proved in that manner, with a high percentage of commonality , then we would be approaching acceptable scienti fic proof relative to court of law proof.

For the moment at least, I'd suggest that such a procedure would bring us as close to definite proof as we are ever likely to get ( for at least one theory for the UFO phenomena) within the near future.

Historical Reports in Australia ( Part 4)

by Uill Chalker.

In a letter to the UFO Investigation Centre ( now called UFO Research �JSW) Mr. H. E. Blank recalled the following unusual events: "In Queensland in the mid 1 930s, I lived in central nueensland at a place called !Yialch-i on the line west from Rockhampton: about 10 or 12 miles out it would be. One night I was awakened, about 2 a.m., by some pre�nce I could feel, but not see ( by the way this area was in the bush with no street lights anywhere) e I arose from my bed which was on the corner of a verandah and went to the verandah rail. Immediately a brilliant light lit up the whole countryside and went out. I searches the skies for the source and saw directly overhead a shape in the sky like a sickle. This was very bright though small in size. As I watched the shape faded away, but kept its original shape till the end. It took perhaps 5 or 10 minutes to fade away.

Another night at the same place, I was awakened again about 2 a.m. , by something I cannot explain ( you would need to experience this feeling to understand what I mean) � I 8rose and moved along a corridor or landing as you might call it, that connected the house to the kitchen. About halfway along this landing I stood at the railing and waited for something to take placeo A fter a little while a great light lit up the countryside brighter than daylight. On looking skywards I saw a cluster like 3 balloons floating earthwards. They were each as large as a full moon and the purest colours one

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could imagine� Brilliant clear blue, brilliant white, and brilliant yellow. Three separate balloons of 3 separate colours. I watched them floating slowly earthwards and then they just went out as though someone had switched off the light. These things puzzled me� I felt they were some kind of signs and could mean something. 11 ( 20 )

Perhaps the earliest known UFO sighting in Australia to be apparently supported by a photograp h, occured during 1935 . The UFOIC (now UFOR-NSW ) of Sydney received details of the story in 1969. In· 1935 , fV1r. P.A.M. Terry was stationed with the military at Newcastle and on the night of October lOth, he went fishing at Nobby's Heade The sky was overcast and there was no moon. At about lU p.m4� while sitting on the rocks, he noticed a flash of light in the sky out over the sea. T�en a steady light ap peared.It was brighter than a full moon and was hovering about a mile away, at p ossibly an altitude of 10,000 feet. It was yellow in colour, bright on the lower p art, and gradually diminishing through 3 dark bands into a grey colour. The whole complex ap peared to look like a tremendously large mushroom-shaped object, consisting of three floors, the smaller floor sup porting the larger one, and the light from the bottom floor illuminating all 3 up per sections. The object then suddenly descended to a height estimated at some 5, 000 feet and remained stationary for a few seconds. It then moved quickly back to its original p osition. l":r. Terry had a Kodak Brownie 8ox camera and had the presence of mind to take a snapshot at l/25th second exposure. After about 10 minutes, the object began revolving with increased speed and began to move away. In 3 seconds it had disappeared in the north. The devplop ed photo showed a definite circular object with details seen well at enlargement, according to those that have seen the print. The whereabouts of the p rint and the witness are not known at the moment and efforts made to track t.1em down have so far been unsuccessful. (21)

At about 2.30 a.m. during February 1 9 44, a Beaufort bomber flying at about 235 miles p er hour at 4, 500 feet over Bass Straight, gained a most unusual ac::rial companion. A_ '.'dark shadow" app eared along side the p lane and kep t p ace with it, at a distance

-of on·ly some lOO to 150 feet. The object appeared to have

a flickering light and flame belching from its rear end. Only about 15 feet of the rear end was visible to the bomber crew, apparently due t.o 11reflection of light from exhaust''· The strange object stayed with the bomber for some 1& to 20 minutes, during which time all radio and direction finding instruments refused to function. It finally accelerated away from the plane, at ap proximately three times the speed of the bomber. Upon landing, the pilot reported the incident to his base superiors, but he claims he was only laughed at. (22)

During the immediate post war period, just before the Arnold sighting of 1947, sc:veral interesting rep orts occurred in nustralia. During 1 9 47, at about � in the morning, an enlisted man was on lines p icket duty in Creta Army camp , r1ear I aitland NSL·J. He described what happ ened in a letter to LJFO I C� il

• • • I had just reached the end of my picket line which ended lOO yards opposite the main railway line when I noticed a light in the sky app roaching from the west. As it drew near, I saw what looked like a silver dome shap ed disc. Jnder the disc tQ ere was ( sic) blue flames. It did not fly in a straight line. It was flying in a zig-zag line as it approached, leaving behind a faint yellow or. gold trailoThere was a solid cloud bank nearly overhead, stretching away to th� easto As the UFO flew above this cloud I could see the glow from the flame in the cloudo Then all of a sudden, the clouds overhead were lit up . The light was so strong, I could see everything ar1und me, even the trees on the other side of the railway line . • • . Then the light fa�ed out. That was all I saw • • •

I dis not hear a sound from it.'' (23)

During the winter of 1 9 47 , a young woman tuith her son, were driving hrnme lr1 a Buick motor car to Newry from nearby Maffra ( Victoria) . In communications with the author, the witness described what befell her�

i'lt was dark early, and I was moving fast, due to indications of a storm. We rounded a corner, and there was a field of Maize on the right, • • • and this dazzling golden ball in front of me • • • All I saw was a golden glowing sphere 0n the road, or rather hovering inches above it • • . I was scared stiff, I could

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not stop the car, wind buffeted tho strong old car, and small gum tree branches and maiie debii hit the �indows and windscreen, some flying off again, but more sticking. It seemed like a whirlwmnd.o. I could not avoid collision • • •

I could only look at the road below it, as it was blinding light. I could not see the whole of the sphere that close. At the p oint of imp act, it seemed to roll to one side - the high embankment side - and vanish, behind· the tall maize. The car went through, the wind ceased, all was p eace." (24)

So, after. the news of the "fly:ing· discs" p articular1-y in th� United States thrust the subject of unusual p henomena into worldwide p rominence. ·only·····-· hindsight has shown, that the p henomena has been with us long before then. Australia like many other countries has had a rich crop of UFO sightings long before the modern p op ularisat:on of the mystery. The UFO p henomena seems to be as old as man himself.

References�

( Editors �ote� The following references app ly to all four p arts of this article se�iaiised in the last four issues of the �CUFOS Journal) .

(1) ''The Art of the •.lladjinaa by I.rl.Crawford (Western Australian Museum 1968) the journals of George Grey .:Exp editions of Discovery" ( 18 41) ; "The J..\ustralian Aborigine" by A.P. Elkin (195 4) ; "Australian Religions" by M. Eliade ( 19 73) ; ·'The Past is Human" by P. White ( 19 7 4) .

( 2 ) "Native Tribos of Central Australia" (18 9 9) & "Northern Tribes of Central Australia" ( 19 0 4) by B. Sp encer & F.J.Gillen; ''Aboriginal [Yien of High Degrc.1o" by A.P. Elkin ( 19 45, rep rinted in 1077) ; ''Australian Religions: An Introduction" by M. Eliade ( 1973) ;; i!Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy'' by M. Eliade (1 9 6 4, 19 72) .

(3) ''Djamar, the· Creator·', E.A. Worms, ·'Anthrop os·' , XLV (195 0 ) , 643-58 . , quoted in Eliade' s ''Australian Religions", p gs. 35-38 .

( 4) "Historical UFO Rep orts in Australia·' , research document p rep ared by �.c. Chalker ( 19 7 7).

(5) ;'Six �·-lonths in South Australia & C." by T. l'-1orton James (1833) ; see also 1' Australian Folklore·' by W. Fearn-Wannan ( 19 7 0 ) .

( 6 ) W i 11 s Jour n a 1 is quo t o d in " Coop er ' s C r e e k '' by A • [VI o ore head ( 19 6 3) •

(7) UFCiR (NS J ) files. See also :'An Australian Catalogue of Close Encounter Typ e Three Rep orts'' by B. Chalker l:c K. Ljaste.rfield (.Jeptember, 19 76) , C ase No .. L

(8 ) See "Natrure" or Charles Fort' s :'The uook of the Damned", p g.235 of ·

:;The Comp let2 Books of CharlE?s Fort" ( 19 7 4) . (9) See "Invisiblo Horizons"

.by V . Gaddis (1965 ) which quotes R. DeWitt rHller' s

"Forgotten Mysteries11; Sylvan l"luldoon' s "Psychic Experiences of Famous People (19 47) .

( 10 ) Files of UFO Research (SA) Inc. (K. Bastcrfiold) . ( 11) F i 1 e s o f U F I C ( D r • fV: • L in d t n er ) •

( 12 ) Period newspap ers in p articular the. •!Sydney �lorning Herald" & "Daily Telegrap h' ( 13) PE?riod newsp ap ers p articularly the ·'Damaru Prcf�s·' � "Hawkes Bay Herald" etc.

for July, August of 190 9 . (14) Ibid. (13) (15 ) Period newsp ap ors p articularly the nsydney [V!orning Herald11

• & ;'Daily TelPgrap h

for August 19 0 9. (16) "True Australian Bhost 3tories'' by F. ·cusack (196 7) ; "Australian Folkloro11

by llil. Fearn-Wannan (1970 ) ; ['Ghosts, Lights & Fairies" in "Walkabout" (Ap ril, 1955 ) by Ernestine Hil.L.

( 1 7) Personal communication (.J. Barton to author) . (18 ) "The Lonely Sea and the. Sky" by 3ir Francis Chichester (1964) . (19 ) "Contactn, No. 5 3 , Sep t-Oct. 19 7 4, Nc:wsletter of · ueensland UFO Research.

* (21) UFOIC Newslettc:r No. , 19 6 * ( 2 0 ) UFO Re sear eh ( N Sit!) files-letter.

( 22 ) UFOR (SA) Inc. filc:s. .

( 23) UFOR (NS.j files - letter. ( 2 4) Personal communications to author.

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A Brief Summary of an Analysis of the Temporal Distribution of an Italian Tyoe-1 Cases Sample.

By Maurizio Verga (Italy) (assisted by Keith Basterfield)

A study of the temporal distr�bution of a sample of UFO sightings can now seem 11out of date11 or, at least, out of place with the latest developments of research. However we must take note as it is of some importance before we procGed to ·look at "human11 factors of the phenomena.

An analysis of the temppral distribution seems to cut a poor figure, i. e. to hol@ a noglibile importance on the plan of. the research, understood as an attempt to explain (or interpret) the whole qGestion\ In f�ct, one will not be able to succeed to understand anything about the real nature of the phenomenon, by a study of this kind (analytical/statistical) , applicable as it is only to particular aspects of the UFO manifestation, although I ask what is the means to be able to achieve such an aim (not withstanding innumerable attempts of disputable value, it has never been found and I am almost tempted to say that, perhaps, it doesn't exist • • • • • except that in the fervid imagination of ufologistst Am I too pessimistic?)

Valid studies of analogic kind (includin� the fundamental aspects of the phenomenon and concerning also specific scientific doctrines) have been started, but, till now, for all some very interesting remarks, the situation doesn't seem to be improved on the plan of the global interpretation of the phenomenon. [l,y purpose in the study of temporal distributions of an Italian Type-1 cases sample, was two fold:-(a) To make clear, eliminating some common causes, the characteristics of

manifestation of the phenomenon, ( b) To supply sound data, that have a very scarce valuG if taken singly, but if they arc: associated with othe-rs ( always

. coming from behavioural and

manifestational parameters, the sole ones we have at our sisposal, using them with the best care) and framed in a well-grounded context, they can be of use for theorizing quite satisfactorily the manifestational aspect of the phenomenon (what I call the "outward appearancer', the only on that, if well-grounded, we will be able to know). I emphasize that an analytical/statistical study has a very limited field of application in the UFO rGsearch1 at present. It can be used only for those parameters called as 1'objective ones" by me i.e. not subjected to any kind of re-elaboration (at conscious or inconscious level) by the witness. These parameters .are the temporal, the geographical and the social parameters. Included also are the ones related to the more physical aspect of the phenomenon, i.e. data about traces, animal reactions and certain kinds of physical effects on the witness. illhen we make ourselves acquainted with the real processes of p2rception of the phenomenon and of verbal transmissions of the observation ( i. e. knowing as the witness 'sees' the UFO as he relates it to us), we will

G� able to appraise and to consider in the right way the data coming from the descriptive parameters of the sighting. Only at that time, we will bG really able to carry out a sound analytical-statistical study • • • • provided that one recognizes the validity of it. Let ' s close this very brief 11introduction" and pass to the ,subject of these notes. In the ambit of my study of the Italian Type-1 sightings (gathered in a catalogue called ITACAT), I have developed a long detailed analysis, with relative commentary, about the temporal distributions of such a sample (1). This sample consisted of some 260 Type-l cases (Vallee classification). Some categories of 11special phenomena"· were eliminated such as cases with photographic documentation , contact e e cases , C E 3 o f ' E ' & ' F ' ( an d part o f ' D ' ) kind under the HL�CAT classification, and highly doubtful or false cases. Inside the sample, there were 3.3% of quite doubtful entries and 7.2% of cases having uncGrtain Type-1 classification. The sources constituted 49 . 3% first-hand investigation reports, 40 .. 9 % of journalistic reports and 9 ·.9 jb of direct testimonies. So high a percentage of press reports (however explainable in the Italian context) doesn' t help, but then is the advantage that a large part of the �'objective parameters" (and more than any other the temporal ones) hardly

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e v e r ar e c h a n g ed b y j o ur n a li s t s , t h e opp o s i t e o f what happ ens for t h e des cr i p t ive� p ar am et ers . F u r t h e r m or e , 11 f or tes t i n g" m y res u lt s , I . h av e or gc,mized a cat a lo g ue o f a b o ut BD se lect e d med i um-h i g h s trang e n e s s T yp e - 1 rep o r t s ( 2 ) T he w h o le ana lysis h a s b e en d ev e lop ed essen t ia lly a b6ut the four fun damen t a l k in ds o f t emp or a l d i s t r i buti o n : b y ye�r , b y mon t h7 b y d a y an d b y h ou r . A ft erwards, · sev e r a 1 o t her sp eci fie an a ly sis h a v e be: en c arr ied o u.t for . each o f t hem . tU hat I· p r e s e n t h e r e is on ly a s ummary o f t he c on c lu s i o n s I have arr i v e d at . I w i l l not s h ow ei t he r g r ap hs o r t a b les , since what is r e a lly i mp ortant for me , are t he g loba l r es u lt s , t h e c on c lu s i o n s ( i . e . in t e rpr e t a t i on of t h e dat a ) and n ot the s in g le r e s u lt s (kn ow in g that X U FOs hav e b e en s i gn a lled on Sat ur da y or. t h at Y on e s have been r ep o r t ed in De cemb e r is c omp let e ly v a lue le ss ) . · Hc:ro is a b r i e f s ummar y o f part o f m y c on c lus ions.

ANNUAL D I S T R I B U T I ON .

T h i s kin d of d i s t r i b u t i o n h a s l imi ted v a lue on l y s in ce i t isn ' t ab le-to d i s p la y , wit hin a c c ep t a b l e b o unds , t he r e a l quant itat iVt? c on c en t ration' o f th e·· phe n omen o n d ur i n g the ye a r s . Considering m y d i s t r i bu t i on as an .. u s e f u l mean� t o s h ow t h e d i spos i t ion o f the s amp le d ur in g t h e ye ar se . I can say t hat 75 . 6% o f t h e s ig h t i n g s hap p ened in th e sevent i e s , with max im um in 1978 . An o ther ye

.ar

w i t h sev e r a l Type - 1 case s was 1 95 4 . I n both , g i g a n t i c U FO wav es took p lace in I ta l y . T h e d i s t r i but i o n by ye ar i sn ' t p redestin ed to t he at t a inm ent o f ot her p urp o s e s , s in c e o n e i s n't a b le to form u la t e an y h yp ot h es e s , on w e l l-gr o un ded bas es in c on n e ct io n with i t s gen e r a l t r en d, for i nst an ce for exp lai n in g t he p r es e n c e o f p e r i o ds o f int en s e U FO act i v i t y o r o f absence o f t h e same .

MON THLY D I ST R I B U T I ON .

The mo n t h l y d i s t r i b u t i on o f a nat ion a l s amp le ( as we ll as o f an in te r nat i on a l o ne , ev en t hough rno r e c omp lex l y ) s u f fer s t h e pr esen ce of wav e s i n det erminant manner. In fact , t h e dis t r ib ut i o n dep e nds on t hem , sin6e their p eriods o f ap e x c o n t r i b ut e rem a r ka b l� t o i nc r e ase t h e "quan t it a t i v e lev e ls;' o f cer t a i n mo nt hs . H o wev e r, it i sn ' t a r e a l " in f l uen ce " , i n t h a t t he t yp i c a l man i fest ation o f the wav e s make a lrea d y part o f the c omp lex of m a n i f e s t at ion i n t h e U FO p h en om en o no Th e an a ly s i s o f t h i s k in d o f fr e q uenc y dis t r i b u t i o n m ust be c o nside red in the c o n t ext o f t he s t u d y a b o ut U FO waves . Ac c or d i n g t o my s amp le: 1 ) T h e sec o n d s ix -m o nt hs o f t he year have tw ice t h e n um ber o f s i ghtings as t h e

fir s t ones (max im um in Dec�mber ) 2) T h e r e ar e s i gn i fi c an t d i f fer e n ces amon g t h e fre quen cies o f t h e di st r i b ution

( ac c o r d i n g t o c h i -s qu a r e t e s t ) . The T yp e - 1 p hen omen a doesn't mani fest i t s e lf h om o g en e o us ly d ur in g the ye ar , b ei ng i n c li ned to g at h er in ner t a i n mo n t h s ( as i t happen s, i n macros cop i c way , d u r i n g the wav es ) o Aut umn is the

s ea s o n w i t h t he gr eat est n um ber of s i g ht ing s . The tw o b i g I t a lian waves taken p lace j us t in s uc h m o n t hs.

3) Th e m o nt h l y di s t r i b ut ion d oe s n't c h a n g e i f I c on s i de r the ceses in fun ct ion o f t h e zone (N o r t h-Ce n t r e -S o u t h- I ns u lar ) wh e r e the y happen ed .

D A I LY D I ST R I B U T I ON .

Th e d i s t r i b ut ion h as a hor iz oDt a l t re nd {�he re aren ' t s i gn i ficant d i ffer e n ce s amo n g t he fre q uen c ie s ) : t h e p hen ome n on d oe s n ' t s e e m t o dep end on a s p e ci fi c wi t n e s s fac t o r t h a t m a y be f o u n d d�rin g the w eek . T h e qua n t itative r a t i o b e t w e e n s i gh t i n g s w h ic h happ en e d in n ight hti u r s an d t hose d u r i ng t he day i s c on s t a n t d u r i n g t h e w e ek , as we ll.as d ur in g ev e r y s in g le d a y o f the week . As r e g ards t h e m o n t h s wi t'h a r e mar k a b le n umber of cas es , the p ertin e n t dai l y di s t r i b ut io n s v ar y fai rl y .. s ens i b ly from ·a m on t h t o another; t her e fo r e

t he p h e n om enon c han�es i t s d a i ly d i st r i b u t i on d u ri n g t h e year, charact er izin g i t b y a c c en u a t ed p ea ks ( t yp i c a l o n l y for one o r , s om e t i mes , two mon t h s ) � T h e se v a r i at io n s s imp ly d ependin g on c o nt in g en ci es. Th e dai ly d ist r i b ut ion o f t h e Typ e - 1 s amp les o f t h e t wo I ta lian b i g wav es d on ' t s hJW si gn i fi cant dru f fe re n ces b etwe e n t hem , ioe . such mod a lit y of man i festation of the p hen omenon has b e en a lm o s t e qua l d ur i n g t he tw o wave s , on the opp o s i te o f other mer e ly q u a l

_i t at iv e o n e s . A s to t h e w h o le av ai l a b l e s amp le , t h e p he n om e n o n keep s

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unalter ed its display d u r i n g the d a ys o f the w e ek als o in th e wav e -p eriods.

TIME DISTRI B U T I ON.

The quantitativ e r atio betwe e n s i�htin gs w hi ch h ap p ened in n i g ht ho urs and those d ur in g the day is a b o ut 4 to 1. Th e p h e n omen on s ho ws its el f e s s�ntiall y d u r i n g t he n i g ht . Betw e e n 2100 and OlffiO (a p er iod wh er� -�h er e �re all t h e p e aks o f th e dist r i b uti on ) a b out 40% o f all s i g htin g s have take n place the r e. There is a r ise a round 0200-0300. T he T ype- 1 p h en omen a , oc curing duting the wav es have a di f foront r atio between lin i g hti' an d ;_' d a y" . 1 t o 1 fo r 1 95 4 , 3 t o 1 for 1978 . Th e first i s i n cle an c ontr ast with the famous Dr. V all�e1s c on clus i o n s a b o ut t ime distr ibution o f 195 4 landin g s . The r e c o uld be two p o ss i bl e c a uses (ev e n though I d o n ' t believ e much i n them) the i nternational c h a racter o f V all ee ' s sample (com i n g fr om di ffer ent s oci o -c ultural c onte xtes ,

. - - -

on the op p o s ite o f min e, c om i n g fr om a sin gle on e ) an d the big quahtitativ e dif feren c e b etwe e n th em ( I hav e onl y a b o ut AD cases f o r 195 4 ). The quantit y of c a s e s hap p en in g in n ig ht hours increases during s ummer an d sp rin g: this c o ul d be explai n ed b y s ay in g that p e ople r emain out till later in the night , s o there ar e b ester p o ssi bilities f or them observ in g an unusual aer i al p hen omen on (but we must al ways ass ume b y s up p o s it i on (p r ob a bl y a b s u r d) t hat UFOs an d witnes s e s a r e i ndepen d ent betw e e n th em ) . H owev e r , th e r e i s a contradiction i n fact in autumn an d winter the r e are more n i g ht h o u r s than day on es , s o the r e will h8vo t0 b e m o r e n i ght s i g htin g s in s uch s e ason s , sin ce the p h e n omenon i s s o typicall y n o ctur n al . P er h ap s all this means , th e r e c o uld be a lin k between rop o rted c as e s an d quantity of p otent i al witne s s es . Among the h yp ot he s i s I h a v e p ro p osed in m y p ap er for e xplai n i n g the v e ry h i g h n umber of night s i g htings , I would like to p re s�nt h er e , in p artic ula r one of them . �y night ( i.e . i n b ad o r almost n�n -e xi stent conditions o f v i s i bil ity) v is ual p�rcepti on c a n be s ub j e cted t o a w i d e r a n ge o f mis interp retati on s , that c o uld be wish2d (or d eli� e r ately explo it ed ) b y the hypothet i c al intell i g e n c e stan d i n g Jchin d the w h ole p hen omenon , perh ap s i n order tb establi s h a sp�cial p s y c hologi cal state i n th e witne s s (wh o , in the darkness is alread y subjected to s ome ' ' i nte r nal r�sych i c s ol oc itat i on s'1 , as fear , an xi ety , disma y , etc . . .. . . ) for the ultimate purpos e o f makin g his man ip ulatio n or h i s c on dition in g p oss ibl e . Furthermo r e , for the restr icted n umbe r o f p eople cir c ulatin g by night, the p h en omen on (s h owin g i-csol f j ust in tho s e hou r s ) has alr e a d y per f ormed a s o rt o f ,·: s elC?cti on11 on th e whol e p op ulation , p e r hap s in s e arc h o f fell ows p arti c ularl y s uitable for r e c eiv i n g th2 ''UFO·' me ss ag e , p e c ul i a r t o t ype - 1 exp e rien ces . So , I don't thin k that the phen ome110 n tends t o av oid th e witn e s s p r escn co , b(2c a use there are fe w p eople a ble to se� it , b y nig ht . I th in� . . that this is p a rt of a ' plan ' o f its or its own n atur e , for t h e s ak e o f s hbwlng its el f to certain witnesses by �ertain co nditions.

I n c on clus ion , I w i sh t o s a y again th at s uch a st ud y has a v e r y s e c o ndary val u e in the s p h e r o o f th e U FU r e sE'ar c ha f'\ o st times , it is a ble to s upply some d8ta we must c all asimple c u r i o s it y1' , but , in certain cas es , it is abl e to g iv e u s s om e q uite int e resting in formati o n o r in di c ation s that can b e inserted in other res e a r c h activ iti es directed to th e stu d y of th e desc rip tive c h�racterist i c s o f the p h en omen on , as well as th e p o ssibl e lin ks b ein g between t h e p hen omen on· and tho wiin ess (both a r e c erta inl y s ome o f th e m ost inter estin g asp e cts o f the lJhol o p ro blem ) o Je c o uld mana g e to kn o w or to understan d the p r ocesses used by tho p hen omen on for s ho wi n g itsel f to th e o bservers an d , c o n s oq u ently , to theori ze sat i s fact o r il y its (in fe r r ed ) e s s en ce. I f the p ar am oters wer e false , we will n ot reali ze t his , s o we will b e able to fl atte r o u r s elv es t o h av� res olv ed or, at least , to hav e k n o wn a m�st e r y as g reat as it · i s imp ossi bl e , a mystery , ma ybe d rawino fo undation from . us . An d thi s i s what c o u nts . Working on these behavi o ural mani fe�tation al p ar ameters ( o bv i ou sl y wh e n

. we will have r e s olv ed the p r oblem

co�nected with the witn e s s p er ception . )

�� ot es � 1: 1) •'l.Jn ' an al i s i della d i str i b u z i o ne temp or ale di un c amp i on e d i os serv a zi o n

itali an2 di T ip o -l:r (1:An an al ysi s o f tht:> temp oral d i str i b ution o f an Italian T yp e- 1 s i g htin g s s ample " - in I tali an lan g ua g e ) 32 p a g e p ap er , O ctober 198 0 .

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( 2 ) I h a v e us e d t he co� f f i c ien t o f s t r an g e n e s s p rop osed by V . J . B a l lest er - O lmos and M . C uasp . P er s o na l c omm un i cat i o n Apri l 1980 .. Se e a ls o � 1 1 S tan d ards on la ev a l ua cion de los in formes OVN I " by t he same a ut hors � on . ' ST EN OEK. f

.

V o l . X I no . 39 J un e 1980 , p p2 5 -2 8 e

( Mr . V er ga s a ys h i s E n g li s h is· n ot t oo g ood so I h av e a s s is t ed him b y r e -wr i t i n g p or t i o n s n o t g r am mat ica l ly correct b u t h a v � le ft mo st o f t h e t e xt as is . H is En g li sh i s far b e t t e r t h an m y I ta l ian - K e i t h B a s t e r fieilid . )

Q u ot e f r om Ro ber t N e s t a Mar le y ( 6 - 4-19 45 t o 11-5 -1981) .

1 1 S o , y o u t h ink y o u h a v e foun d t h e S ol ut i o n - B ut i t is j ust an o t h e r I ll us i on · '

S u b je c t N ot � s . b y H Q l ly I . C o ri s s .

W a r n i n g � I f y o u , dea r r e ad e r ass ume t hat t hi s i s g o i n g t o be on e o f t ho s e h i g h ly-t e c h n i ca l, j ar g o n - fi l led a r t i c les t h at us ua l l y p last � r t h e p a g e s o f t h i s p u b li c at i o n , t h in k a g ain . T h i s li t t le art i c le is n o t a b r i l li an t s ci e nt i fic di s ser t at i on . I t i s n ot a h i gh ly r e s earched p i e c e of n �w data .. �hat it is , i s a r em i n d e r t o y o u r e s e a r ch e rs o f who yoU ar e .

I 1 m n ot � ur e t h at t h e maj o r i t y o f y o u c on si der y o u are wo rkin g in a sp e c i a liz e d fie ld ; t h at is , t h at t he st ud ying o f t he U FO p hen omen on is a s p e ci a lized fie ld .. W e ll , as t h e a ut hor R . A . Hein lein on c e wrot e , 1 1 A h uman b ein g s ho u ld b e a b le t o ch a n g e a d i ap er , p lan an inv asion , but che r a h og , con n a s hip , d es i gn a b u i l d i n g , wri t e a s on n et, b a l a n c e a c c o u n ts , b u i ld a w G l l , set a b o ne , c o m for t t h e d yi ng , t a k e o r d er s , g ive or d er s , c o- op er at e , act a lon e , s o lv e e qu at i on s , ana lyze a n ew p r o b lem , p i t c h man ur e , p r og r am a comp uter � cook a ta s t y mea l , fig ht e f f i c i en t ly , d i e g a llan t ly . Sp G ci a lizat i on is for inS E:.'C t s . 1 '

Now , man y of y o u ar e w on d e r i n g a bo u t t he r � lev ance of t his s tatemen t . ,J ith t h e n um b e r o f fie lds of in q u i r y ( as t r o n om y, p h ysics , p s ych o log y , t o name b ut a few ) a s s ociat ed wi t h t h e U FO p hen omen a , a n d as n on e o f us can kn ow ev e r yt hing <Jbo ut a ll o f t hem , t h e r e is a bs o lu t e l y n o r oom for t h e 1 1 I know a l l ' : " I v or y Tower ' ment a li t y in U FO r es ea r c h .. J us t b e c a us e a p er s on may be " exp ert " or " sp e c i a li z e ' ' i n a c e r t a in a c ad em i c field, t hat p o r s on is b y n o m e a n s aut omat i c a l ly an }�o xp o r t ( ' o r " sp � ci a li s t " i n a l l o t h er fie lds as we ll . I n U FO r e s e a r c h most o f us have to b e c om e R . A . H e in lei n -t ype " h uman b e in g s " b c: ing ab le to car C?er a lot of fi e ld s , b ut r ea lizin g we can not k n o w a ll t he r e i s t o kn ow ab out t h es e fie lds .

A n d n ow , a� w or d t o an y o f yo u r e s e a r c h e r s out t h e r e wh o may b e s t ud yin g t h e p r es ent mass o f U F O d a t a with an e y e t o w r i t in g r c a lum i n ous art i c les on y o u r i nt e rp ret a t i on o f the a formen t i on ed dat a - beware . To quot e R . A . H ein lein a g ain g " G eware of the " B lack Sw an " fa llac y . Deduct ive logic is t aut o logic a l ; t h e r e i s n o wa y t o g e t a n e w t r ut h o u t o f i t a n d i t man ip u lat e s fa lse s t at ements as r e adi l y as t r u e o n es . I f y o u fai l to r cm om � er t his , it can t r ip y o u -w i t h p er fec t lo g i c . T he d C? s i gn er s o f t he ear liest comp ut er s c a l led t h i s t h G 'Giga L aw " , that is , ' ' C a r b a g o i n , g ar ba g G o u t " . I n d ucti v e logic is m u c h rnorcJ di f fi c u lt - b ut c a n p r od u c � n ew t r ut h s . 1 1 I f we add up a l l t he s o lid U FO data ama ss ed o v e r th e y e a r s b y r e p u t a b le r e s e a r c h ers , we fin d we are still ( to coin a p hr as e ) , g r op in g a r o un d i.n the d ar k . So let ' s s t op wast in g time an d en e r g y t h e oriz i n g o n t he U FO s u bj ect an d work t owards i mp r ov in g th e qua li t y and q u an t i t y of the basic dat a . Jhen Lua t ch Luhat d ev e lop s .

I t is i n t e r e s t i n g t o n ot e t hat t h e maj o r i t y o f U FO r esearchers hav e n e v e r s een a U F O t ho ms e lv e s . I n on e s en s e t h i s is g ood as i t g i ves an imp arti a l po s it i on from wh i c h t o j ud g e t h e m e r i t s o f p ar t i c u lar U F O cases . I n an o t h e r s en se , con side rin g t h e lar g e amu u nt o f U F O lite r at ur e t hese p eop le can get t h e ir han d s on , i t is q u i t e p os s i b l e for t hem t o inadvert ant ly a ffect t he dat a at t he v er y b e g i nn i n g ( t h e i r i mp re s s i o n on t he witn ess , o r t he minute

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m is i nt e r p r e t at i on s o f witn ess s t at ement s for examp le ) o O f cour se we can t a k e t h i s a l l t o t he hor r i fic e xt r eme with t h e sinario o f t he n kn ow -a l l " , i ' h o l ier -t han -t ho u 1 ' a t t it ude o f t h e r e s earc hor w h o considers witnesses t o be u n ed ucat ee p �a s an ts ( th i s i s somet hin g we all h a v e t o g u a r d again s t ) .

The main t hi n g t o r em ember ( ot h er t h an k eep i n g a t i g ht lea s h on t he ego ) , is t hat it is t h e wi tn e s s w ho act u a l l y saw t he U FO.

N ow t h at I h a v e t hor o u g h ly bor �d you a ll , ( I c an ima g in e y o u a l l r eadin g this s a yin g t o yours e lv es 1 1 T h i s d oesn ' t ap p ly t o m e " To which I Gnswer " Ar C? yo u q u i t � s ur e ?" ) I w i ll l�:: a vr::> yo u w i t h t h i s t ho u g ht from aut h or A . G la c h � • B ook er's L aw � A n oun c e o f ap p lic at i o n is wort h a t on o f a b st r a ct i on . "

E eppp� : U FOs an d Syn ch r o n i s t i c Ev en ts

b y Mark rr1 o ravec ..

"W hen I p r a y , c oin ci d en c es happ en � when I d on ' t , t h e y d o n ' t . ' 1 _ A r c hb i s h op W i l liam Temp le .

P r2 p a r e t o ent e r t he m u r k y w o r ld o f s yn ch r o ni cit y . A wor ld w h e r e p aranoia an d i r r at i on a lit y ar e r e a d y t o eng u l f t h e unw a r y i n v e s t i gat or . Sync hron i 6i t y , a t erm c o i nec b y J un g , r e fe r s t o " meanin g fu l c o i nc i d on c es 1 1 • I n the more comp le x U FO c a s e s t he r e s om et i mes o c c u r ap p are n t coincidences w hich c an b e star t li n g t o p er cip i ent an d in v o s t i gat o r a li k e . I n t h i s p ap e r , I w i l l look at s om e c a s e st udies i nv o lv i n g LJ F . ! s an d s y n c hr on i s t i c even t s , a n d exp lor e t h e p oss ib le s ign i fi cance o f th ese o c c uran c es .

T h e fi r s t c a s e examp le i nv o lv e s D r . An dr ij a P uhar i c h , an e lec tronics en g i n e e r , p ar ap s ych o lo g i s t and U FO con t a ct 0e . Over t h e years , P uh ar i ch has been a ss oci at ed w i t h sev er a l famous p s yc h ics in c lu d i n g B r azi lian p s yc hic s ur g eon Ar i g o an d sp o on -b en d er U r i C e l l er . I t was i n t h e lat te r ' s b io g r ap hy t hat P uh ar i ch first . an n ou n c ed t h at he an d Ce l l er wer e in a l leged c ommun i c at i on w i t h ext r a t e r res tri a l Pn t i t i es o A ft er sp lit t i ng w i t h C e ller in 1 9 7 4 d u e t o p er s o n a lit y co n f lict s, P uh a r i c h r e - i n i t i at ed h is " c o sm i c conn L?ct i o n 1 1 t hrough ot hor p s ychics act in g as ch ann e ls for t h e a ll e g ed e x t r at � r r e s t r i a l c ommun i ca t or s . The story of these m o r e � ec ent c ommu ni c at i on s has b e e n r e c or de d by H o lr o yd ( 19 79) . A n um bor o f syn c h r on i s t ic ev en t s oc c ur e d an d wer e , i n fact , i n t erp r e t ed b y t h ose inv o lv ed as con stit uting s up por t i v e e v i d en c e of the o bj e c t wv e r ea li t y of th� e x t r a t e r r e s t r i a l int e lli g en ces . F o r e x amp le � ( 1 ) J h 2n t hu g r o up b eg a n t o expe r i en c e 1 1 t � chn ologica l di f fi c u lt i es r r in t h e c omm u n i c at i on s e s si on s , t h e " Man a g em e n t ; ' ( as t h e e xtr at er r e s t r i a ls wer e s om G t imi?S r e fer r ed t o ) in d i ca t ed t hat commun i c ati on s wo u ld imp r ov e if they wer e h e ld under c on di t i on s o f � le c t r omagn et i c shi e ldi n g . The fo l l ow i n g d ay , P u hari c h r e c e i v�d a c a l l fr om a c omp an y t hat was g o in g ban k r up t an d wan t ed t o disp ose o f a Faraday cag� ch( ap ly an d quick ly . The gr oup m o u g ht it an d h G ld imp rov ed commun i caJion s i n s i d e t h e cag e . ( Th o r· 1 a n a g em en t in t imat ed i n a s u s eq uen t c o mmunicat i on that t h is was n o t m er e ly a for t un at G coin ciden c � . )

( 2 ) J h en H o lr oyd was in A me r i c a st a y i n g with a frien d , h e lear n ed t hat Sir J ohn J h itmor e , wh om he had p r e vi o us ly met in E n g lan d at a p ar ap s yc hology c on fer e nc e , r r:s i de d j ust a c r o s s t h e r iv Gr . H o lr o yd d e ci d e d t o p a y a s oci a l v i sit and t hi s was whGn h e fi rst lear n ed o f W h itmor e ' s in v o lv em ent in t he P uh ar i c h c ommunicat ion s . T wo days b � fo r e H o lro yd ' s v i s i t , � h i t more and P uharich w e r e t o ld in a c ommun icat i on � · ' T h e r G w i l l b G t h ose t hat wi ll come t o y o u t hi s wC?ek�n d t h at wi l l be o f b en e fit . Th � r e w i l l b e a t ime w h e n t he y wi l l wa lk awa y movin g t he i r heads b ack an d for t h an d wi l l not un d er s t an d . B u t t hen t h e y wi l l sit un d t h e y w i l l t hin k an d the y wi l l h av o a n e xp e r i en c e an d t h e y wi l l begin to un d o r s t an d o And t hen t he y wi l l w o r k w i t h yo u o ' ' H o lr oyd was , in fac t , t h e on ly p er s on t o v i si t Os sin ing t h a t w ee k C?n d w ho wou ld la t e r b ecome i n v o lv ed i n t h e w or k . Add i t i ona lly , h e e xp e r i en c ed a p o lt er g ei s t t yp e o f e v e n t n o t lon g a ft e r h av in g r ec eiv ed t he? first p ar c e l o f sp ecim en c om mun ications from U h i t m o r G an d a t a t ime when H o lr o yd was debati n g whe t h er o r n ot t o un d er t ak e t h e b ook .

. .

. ' ( �3 )

( 3) At on e s t a g e , P h y l lis , t h e med ium , was c:: n c o u n t c: r i n g " opp os i tion en t it i c: s " wh en s he: w e nt in t o t r a n c e . P unar i c h comp liment ed P hy l li s pn her b r av e r y i n hand l i n g t h i s app a r en t l y dangero us s i t uati on and addc:d that n e i th e r L ya l l 'J at s o n n or n ao b b y " ( t wo oyhcrs w ho had b e en in v o lv ed i n s ome o f t h e commun i cG t ion s s e ss io ns ) w o u ld hav e had what i t took t o d o that . Tc:: n minutes lat er , P h y l l is 1 s da u g h t e r ca l led from F l or ida an d s aid t h a t s om e p o lt c: r g e i s t - t yp e p hen om en a h a d j u s t occ ur ed i n t he h o u s e • . F n r e xamp le , W a ts on ' s b oo k , " S up er -n at ur e:: ' ' , h a d j ump c:d o u t o f t he b o o k c a s e a h d i n t o t h e m i d� le o f t h e r o om . ( The Man agc:mcn t axp lained t hat it was due t o 1 ' t h e an g c: r and t h e fr ustr at ion o f those t h a t arc op p o s i n g . " )

( 4 ) On e o f th e mor e b i z z a r a p ur s uits o f t h e Os sining g r o up was t heir r1 1 idd le East p ea c e j un k e t s w h e r eb y the g r o up ' s medi tat ion s s up p osed ly av erted war . A t ono remote:: I sr ae li v i l l a g e: t he y at tc:nded a fes t iv a l . On ly to be s urp r i sed b y o n e i t em in t h e en t er t ain me nt wh ich was r i fe with s ym b o lism un i que ly s a lient t o t ha P uh a r i c h g r oup . P uh ar i c h h a d wr itt r:n a b ook a b o ut t h e: 1 1 S acred Mushro om . ' ; H i s g r o up was in c omm u n i cat ion wit h the : ' N i n e · P r in cip l E:S and F or c e s ' ' and each g r o up member was " s ur r o un de d 1 : b y t h r e e: o f th o s e b e in gs . The ir commun i cat ions wor e aided b y t h e u s e o f umbr C? l las , or 1 ' m ushr o oms " , as t h e y wc:r e re fer red to in t h e c omm u n i c a t i o n s. An d now up t h e r e on the s t a ge they wer e lookin g at a p a int e d s c r e e n s ho win g n ine s lan t -c: yc:d an d un c:art h ly - lookin g be in gs , a r r a n g ed i n g r oup s o f t h r L' C' , and a b ov e which wc:rc i l l us t r at ed m u s hr o om s e f t h e · ' S a cred l"l u s hr oom ' ' t yp e . And t o cap it o f f , n in e chi ldr�:!n dan c ed out from behind the s c r c:en carr yin g umbr e llas � Once agai n , the P1anagc:m en t t ook credit for 1 1 p r ep ar i n a ' ; t h e c:v ent .

My s e con d ex amp le con ce r ns t h e s t r an g e case o� � t e lla L an s in g wh ich was e x t en si v e ly i n v es t ig a t e � o v e r s ev e r a l years by p s y c hiat r i st B er t ho ld Schwa r z ( 19 72, 1974 , 1975 ) . 3 t e l l n L an sin g h a s s i g h t �d , t ap e -r ecorded a n d p ho t o g r ap hed man y p u z z lin g , U F O - r e lat ed p henomen a . H er fi lm s s ho w c lock - like U FO p a t t c:r ns , " cr a ft " , entit ic• s a n d o t h e r an oma lous imagrs r emi nis cent o f t h e T ed .S e r i o s ' t ho u g h t o g r ap h s ' r . S o m e o f h e r U FO s i gh t in gs h av e been c o r r o b r a t ed b y ot her

witn c: s s es , in c ludi n g t h e: i n v est i g ator . S e v c: r a l s e eming ly syn c h r on i s t i c e v e n t s hav e occ u r r ed �

( 1 ) O n t h e n i g ht o f 1 5 .t \ p r i l 197 1 , rlr s . L .__• n s i n g , a lGd y fr ien d an d D r . S chwar z d r ov e t o an i so latc:d r u r a l ar ea . � ithin minut es , t h e y saw and fi lmed two p u ls at in g , wh i t e- ye l l ow -o r ang e discs w h i c h mer g ed into on e , sc::p arated again a n d n o i s le s s l y g li d ed away . S c hwar z ' s cas s e t t e r ecmrder s udden ly fai led to op e r at o a t t h is t i me , d e sp it e new an d r ec ont ly ch o cked battories . I mme diat e r ep lac em e n t with a s e c on d s et o f simi lar mer cur y bat t c:r i cs was o f no v a lue . H owev e r , t h e t ap er cc order w orkod we ll t t 1 e n ext mo rning . W h i le Mrs . L an si n g and Dr . j c hwar z were fi lm on g the st r a n g e l i gh t s , a lar g e , no isy car s pcmud to E\p p oa r o u t o f nowhere an d app ar on t ly si gn a l the U FO b y flick c: r in g h ead li gh t s . · : T h o c a r t h c:n s p eed i ly le ft t he s c on e .

( 2 ) O n t he e v e n i n g o f 3 J an uar y , 1 9 7 3 , �rs . L an sin g t oo k some fi lm o f a t e lev i s i on p r o g r amm e . A ft er p roc e s s in g , she was shocked t o fin d t h e fi lm had a n oma lous imag � s s up e rimp o sin g or r ep l3ci n g t hat whi ch h ad b o o n fi lmod . On on e frame t he r e was an ima g e: o f a b e a r d ed cowlod mon k - li k e f�g u r e wit h a d e a t h -a g o n y o xp r e s s ion . T h e p r ev io us n i ght , O r , S c h war z had had a horr ib le · ' p r c: s umt iv c: t e lc:p a t h i c death D r egm 1 ' whi c h in v o lv ed t he ima g ined death of a f ormc:r t e a ch e r an d a man wit h a Sp a n i s h n ame ( t h e mon k ? ) . I mmediat e ly a ft e r d i c t at in g th e n ot e s on fVi r s . L an s in g 1 s m on k p i c t u r e nn d his dr r:: am , Schwar z t u r n e d on t h e r a d i o and h ea r d t h e t hen b r eakin g n ews o f former P resident L . tl . J oh n s on ' s dc:at h . ( I n t er es t i n g ly , f• : r s . L an sin g lat Pr o bt ain ed fi lrn o f c lo c k like U FU ima g e s wh c:: n s h e fi lmed P r es id Gn t J oh n s on ' s funer a l on T . V . )

( 3) On J a n u a r y 30 � 1v 1 r s • ..J c hwar z r e c e i v e d a t e lep h o n e c a l l wit h t h o message that h e r fat h e r was in a c r it i c a l con d i t i on . J h i le t r yin g t o decide b e t woen booki1 1 g a f li g ht o ut r ig h t away , o r s i t t in g t i ght , s h e and M r s . L an s in g ( who h a d a r r i v ed t h e p r ev i o u s day ) w e r e: s t a r t lc:d b y an r:: xt r a lgr ge co f fee cup an d s auc er w h i c h had c r a s hed to t h e f lo o r . On e: o f t h e s a u ce r fragmen t s p oin t ed t o wards t h e wor d ' ' U ad n in s c r i bed on t h E• u nb r ok £?n c up . E v e r yo n e was s hocked . fVlr s • .J c h wa r z d ec i ded t o lea ve a t on c e . H �r fat her had died t h a t a ft er no on . T h a t s am o mo rn in g )

( 14)

r r , Schw a r z had receiv ed a r a r e let ter fr om Dr . R . L eo Sp rink le in w h i c h h e c om men t ed o n t h e L an sin g cas e .

( 4 ) On 2 1 S ep t em ber , 19 73 , S t e lla L an s in g an d Dr . S c h war z v i sit ed a p ho t o g rap hic 1 3 b or at o r y w he r e Mr s . L an s i n g mad e some audio -v i d eotap es of known ob j ects . J h en p la yed back on t h e T . V . s c reen , t h e tap es s h owed a herr ing bon e p at t er n n ev er p r ev io u s ly n o t e d on t h i s � quipmen t . C on t r o l fi lm i n g o f t he s ame sc ener y by 3 c h war z fai led t o p r od u ce t h e p a t t er n . The s am e her rin g bon e p atte rn wa� lat er d i s c ov er ed on fi lm t ak en · b y Mr s . L an si n g o n 19 S ep t em b er . An add it i on a l c oin c i d e n c e was t h at Jc h wa r z was · v e r y fami liar wit h t h e h er rin g bone p at ter n sin c e f o r y�ar s h e had u s ed a s i mi lar p a t te r n i n st udi�s o f ep i lep s y .

An d t o c omp lete o u r cat a lo g u e o f t h e weir d an d mag ica l , t h e r e is t h e inci d ent wh i c h b e fe l l J er om e C lar k d ur i n g a r ad i o int e r v i r:w on t h e Am c: r i can "Big Bird" c r eat u r e s igh t in g . C omp a r in g B i g G ird with t h e : r rr, othman : ' r ep o r t s of t en years e a r lier , C la r k J tat ed � " V C?r y de fin it e simi lar i t y . f" o w , J ohn K ee l , o f course , is t h .' man wh o d id t h e r C? s ea r c h on r·1 o thman . K ce l c laimed t h a t t he r e is a conn ect i on b e twe nn t h o s e s i g h t in gs an d U F O s . I f t he r e ' s an y s u ch con n e c t i on w ith t h e B ig G ir d , I w a s unab lu t o p r ov e i t • • • " ( C lark an d C o leman , 19 78 , p . l94 ) . A t the t ime of t h e i n t er v i e w , n o t h i ng out o f the o r d in a r y was heat d at ei t h e r end o f t h0 t c l <:-.p honG lin k .. H owev er , o n t h e t ap e , immedi at e ly a ft e r the word 0 s ightin g s " i n t h e t h ird sen t cn ce , t h e r e w a s a l oud , unm istakea b le a n d v ery s t art lin g n EEP P P t " s ou n d - p reci s el y t h e s o un d M o t hman r ep ut ed l y mad e .

W ha t do t h e s e e v en t s m e a n ? Ar e t he y simp l y co i n o iden ccs ? D o t hC? y imp ly p ar an orm a l e f fect s ? I s t he 1 1 U F O I n t e l l igen ce · ' mani fC?s t in g i n s o m e b i z z a r o a n d cov e r t 1.0a y ?

L e t us fir s t look at t he m�t t c r in g s o f s yn ch r o ni c it y . Ca r l J ung con ceiv ed o f m e a n i n g fu l coin ciden c es as i8di cat iv e o f a n ac a us a l o r d e r i n g p r in cip le in

· · n at ur e Q Ext r a s e n s o r y p er cep t io n a n d s�nchro n i st i c ev en t s a r c con � c i o us rT1 an i fes t at io ns o f t he h yp o t h es i s Gd c o l le ct i v e unco n s c i o u s , wh i c h · i s un iv C? r s a l and i n d 8p en d ent o f t i me an d s p a ce . H owev er , as I have p o in t ed out 0 lsewhere ( Mo r av o c � 198 0 ) , t h e c o l l ec tiv e un consci o us i s it s e l f an unp rov en h yP. ot h esis , and o n ly s uc c e e ds in " exp la in i n g " on c unkn o 1:.1n in t erms o f another .

Mor e r e c en t l y 9 t h e n at ure o f c o i n ciden c e has b c �n r e -examin ed b y a g r o up o f 8 r i t i s h r e s e a r c h e r s ( H a r d y , H a rv i e an d K o e s t ler , 19 75 ) . T h e y c on du cted a ma�s oxp o r im e nt in t e lop at h y in whi ch s ub j ect s w e r e r e quired t o re -dr aw t ar ge ts w h i ch t hey h ad ( h op e fu l l y ) t e lcp at �i ca l ly p er c ci v od . T he r e was an in s i gn i fi can t n um b E? r o f " s ir e ct h i t s ' ' - b u t in t h e s ame ses sions t h e r e o c c ur r e d " c oin cident t h o u g h t s i wh i c h had n o t h in g t o d o with t h e t ar ge t s . As a con t ro l t e s t fo�· s p nnt aneious t e lep at hy , t h e exp e r im e n t e r s r a n d om ly mat c h e8 t ar g e t d r awin gs and s ubj ect drawings made in r espon s� to ot her t ar gc t s , on ly to fin d that a s i mi lar � umb e r of co i n ci d ent t ho ug ht s occ ur r ed in t he c on t r ol s e r ies . Yet t h e odds we r e l O O t o 1 against t h es e r es u lt s hav in g o c c u r r e d b y chanc e .

1 ub s eq ucn t ly , H ar v i e matc hed r an d om n u mb e r s from random n um ber t a b les wit h i � n d om n um b e r s g enerated b y comp ut er . O n c e a g a i n an u n e xp ect ed re s u lt was o b t nin c d - a s i gn i f i c an t ly sma l l e r n umb er o f dig it s wer e i d ent ica l when matched t h an wou ld be C? xp ec t ed b y c han c e . ( Th e r e was a negat ive d ev i a t ion o f 2 1 1 in the s o q u0 n c c o f 49 , 6 0 0 di g i t s ; g iv in g p= . 0008 . ) E rr o r s in sc oring and abbcrat ion s i n

t h � r 3 n d o m n u mb e r t a b les ap p ear ed t o be r u led o ut . T h i s leav es t h e hyp o thesis o f o 2 r an o rm a l ca u s a t ion , o r n on -r an d omn ess o f t he t ar g et d i g i t s due t o t he p resence of s ubt le and u n susp e c t e d p a t t e r n s i n t he o r d e r in which the digits occ ur ( i . e . t h e s y n c h r on i c i t y fa c t or ) . H ar v i o leans t o wards t h e latt er h yp oth es i s . I f �he r es u lt s of n o n -r an domn es s a r c d ue to " syn ch r o nicit y " , then t hi s cast s do ubt on t h� v � lidi t y o f p a r ap sy c ho l o g y ' s quan t it i v e exp e r im ent a l ov i d en cc , n o t t o ,,� ,... n t ion t h e s t at ist ic a l fin d i n g s o f sci enc e g C'n or 3 lly . O b v i o u s ly , we c o u ld do wit h s om e r ep li c a t i o n s o f the H ar d y -H ar v i e C?Xp c r im en t s .

K oe s t l e r p o st u lat es t h e ex ist c? n c C? o f an < � I n t eg r at iv e T en d cyn c y " in nat ure � comp li mon t ar y t o t h e t end encv t ow a r d s e n t r op y . T h e p h en omena o f p ar ap s ycho lo g y �ou ld t he n app ea r a s t h e h i g hest man i fes t a t i o n o f t h is in t eg r a t iv e T endenc y . A s s up p o rt f o r t h i s idea , K o es t ler cit es S t e wa r t Ka u fman ' s s t udies o f t h e behav i o u r o f comp ut er -s im u lat ed , r an d om l y -c o n s t r uc t ed 1 1 n e t s 1 ' o f b i n a r y ( on/o f f) e lements .

'

( �.5)

N sts con t ain i n g 15 -2 , 0 0 0 e lement s l an d t hus h av ing 2 15 -2 ' 0 0 0 p os s i b le s t a t es ) u n e xp ec t e d ly c y c led t hr o ug h a v e r y sma l l n um b�r o f st at es desp it e a n a r br itar i l y cho s e n fun i t i a l s tat e . F ur t h ermor e , d esp i t e ar bi t r ar i l y r e v e r s i n g on o e leme n t · ( fr om on to o f f o r v ic e � e r s a ) a s ' t he sy s t em c y c led t h r o ugh s u�c e ss iv e st at es , t he s ys t em r e t urn ed to the cycle of s t at es from which it h a d b e en d i s t ur be d i n 90 p er c ent of t h e case s � Ac cordin g to K a u� fman , if a l i v i n g thing i s a r i c hl y con n e c t e d net o f chemica l r e a c t ions , t h e n t he b e hav i o ur o f t h e s im u la t e d n e t s disp lays t h e s t a bi lit y c ha r a ct e r i s t i c o f , an d n e c e s s a r y for , li fe .

I n V a u g h a n ' s ( 1 9 75) v ie w , p s i and s y nch ro n i ci t y · a r e in distinguisha b le at t h e bas i c lev e l - s yn c hr on i c i t y is t h us t h e bas ic p ar t i c le o f p s i . As p s i e xp e r im e n t s b e come m o r e q u a l i t a t iv e , t h e r e i s los s s yn c hron i s t i c e f fect a n d a

g re a t e r r o le for p s i . E a ch h uman being i n t e r a c t s wit h h i s env i ro nmen t on a p s i -s yn c hr o n i cit y lev e l t h at d i s t o r t s s o - ca l led r andom c h anc e . V aughan fur t he r imp lies some k in d o f cosm i c des i g n � an or gan i s i n g li fe forc e t h at use s p si t o a ct iv a t e i t s p lans .

O bv i o us ly , i f t h e r e: is s uch a t h i n.g as an " in t eg rat iv e t endenc y i l or an a c a us a l con n e c t in g p r in c ip le which is an in t eg r a l p ar t of n a t u r e , t h en we have a ready exp lan at ion for t h e coincident ev en t s which o ccurred in t h e P uh a r i c h . L a n s i n g and C la r k nases . P er h ap s , t h r o ugh s ome unknown m an ip u lat ion o f t h e n i n t e g r a t i v e t end e n c y " , t he U F O c:v ent o r d e r s p r e v i o us ly random event s . H owev er , t h e op e r a t i v c w o r d i s 1 1 i f · ' .

A n a lt er n a t iv e hyp ot h es is t o s yn c hr on i cit y i s t h a t 1 ' mean i ng fu l" coin ciden ces are c a u s e d by psi p r o c e s s es. J u le Eiscn b ud ( 19 75 , p . B l ) , of ' � t ho ugh t o g r ap h y" fa me , c a ut ion s a g a in st p la c i n g t h e o r e t i c a l limitat ion s on p s i a b i lit ies � " • • • t he r e wo u ld b e not h in g in an y o f t h e t yp es o f ev en t s p ut down as s yn c h r on istic t hat wo u ld be: b G yo n d acc omp li shmc:n t by t he mos t i n n o cen t lo o k in g o bs e r v e r o r h ap p e n s t a n c e b yst a n d e r . At th e m o s t h e wo u ld b e d o i n g u n c o n s c i o us ly , and w ith no man i fest e f fo r t at a ll , what a mov i e d i r e c t o r goes to great p ai n s to do on a c on sc i o u s lev e l , t h a t is , dep loy ing p r op s , nat ur a l s u r r o un d ings an d ev en t s , an d t h e \.uide cap a b i lit ies o f 1 1 c en t r a l cas t in g · : , t o achieve any d es i r C?d e f fect . " R ex ') tan ford has s u g gc: s t ed ( V aug h nn , 19 75) t hat p C? op le con t in ua l ly s c an t h e i r env ironmen t s b y ESP , and un cons cio us ly u s e t his in for mat i on t o b r i n g a b o ut co�ncid £ u c es , b o t h g o 6 d and b ad , d ep e ndin g on t he i r p s ychologica l motivat ion . H e t e rm s t h is a ct i on a P s i - l''l edit at ed I n s tr um en t a l R esp on s e ( P M I R ) .

I n t h e U FO c on t e xt , t h e r e is amp le: p re c edent for t h e . occ ur� �0 c e o f p a ranorm� l 2 v en t s i n c lo s e r_m c o un t er U F O c·as t:: s ( s ee �lo r av e c , 19 79) . I t app ears , that in cases w e h av e b een d is c us sin g , a t e lep a t h i c or p s i link may occur between inv est i g at or an d p e r cip i c:n t . A mat r i x of psi exp e r i en c es may · b e set up in t h e r:n t i r C? s y st em o f p e op le: inv o lv e d , dr awin g on m a t e r i a l esp eci a lly sa lien t t o t h e p ar t i cip an t s .

I � t h e cas e e xamp les p re s e nt ed e a r l i c: r , at least some o f t h e incidents c an b e exp lain ed as d u � t o . p s i p r oces s e s . In t h e P uh a r i c h case , t he Faraday c a g e ep is od e , t h e p r ed i ct i on of H o lr o y� ' s in v o lv ement with the g r oup , an d t he p s y c h o k i n et i c d ll y -a ct iv e b ooksh e l f a l l s ug g e s t t h� op erat ion o f the p a r t i c ip an t s ' psi p r o cc: s s es . T h e s ym b o l- lode n en c o un t er a t t he i s o lat ed v i l l2 g r in I s r a e l m a y b e: an i n s t an c e o f t h e P MI R act ion p ost u la t ed by S tan ford - wh e r e t h e g r o up un con s ci o us ly s e lect ed a t own an d fes t iv a l wh i ch wo u ld b e r e l evant t o t h em . Or it c o u ld j ust hav e b e en a coin c idence made mean i ng f u l b y a Rors chach ­lik e p r oj e c t i o n o f c urr e nt p r e o cc up ations . I n t h e L an s in g cas e , the cass e t t e r e corder fai l ur e , t h e a n om a lo us fi lm imag es , an d t h e f l y in g cup a nd s a u c e r m a y a ll hav e b e en p s y c ho k in e t i c e f fec ts uncon s c i o u s ly t ri g g er ed o f f b y t h e p a r t i cip ants � I t s ho u ld b e n o t ed t h at in b o t h t h e P uh arich an d L an s in g cas e s t h e r e o c c u r r ed p a r a norma l e v t.:n t s i n addi t i o n t o t h e o ut lined " co inciden c es 1 ' o F i n a ll y , in t h e C l a r k ep i sode , t h e Mo thman -s o u ndin g n ois e may h av e bc:en 3 coin c i d en t a l m e c han i c a l error ( a ft er a l l , h o w many in t erv i ews w o u ld Clark hav e g iv en wh e r e: no un exp e c t ed s o un d e f fe c t s o c c u r r ed ? ) or a p s ychokin e t ic a ud io imp r int a n a lag ous t o t. h c: s a- ca ll ed 1 1 p a r anorma 1 v oi c e " r ecor dings . I f w e a c c ep t t he p s i h yp ot he s is , t h en t h e H ar d y -H ar v i e exp e r imen t a l res u lt s m ust be eith e r sp u r i o us o r d u e to a p si e f fect , p ro ba b l y �n v o lvin g t h e e xp e r iment ers .

( 16)

Tho r o l e o f c o i n ci den c e in b oth U F O and ev e r y d a y ev ents is p r o ba b l y un d e r es t imated A ft e r a l l , p r o ba b i li t y t h e o r y p r eq i ct s t hat r an dom � y sp a c ed ev ents a r e more likely t o con cent r a t e in ap p ar en t r c l ust crs t h a n to o cc ur in ev e n interva ls . W e t en d t o p a y mo r e s e le c t iv e att en t i oa t o t h o s e ev en t s w h i c h do coincide t han t h o s e t hat do n o t . A lso , t h os e ev ents w h i ch a r e mor e sa lient to us u s ua lly hav e t he most s u b j e c t iv e imp a c t . And , o f cour s e , one o f t h e b a s i c fin din gs o f � � r c ep t i on i s t hat our minds t end t o c r eat e p a t t er ns o ut o f r an d om e lemen t s .

Th 2 r o may a ls o b e d a n g e r s i n a b licnd b e li e f i n " s yn c h r o n i c i t y n . I t is p os s i b le t hat a p e rs o n - �ho " has j ust un d e r g o n e a t ra u mat i c , c lo s e en coun t er U FO exp e r i en c e i s m o r e p r on � t o con fuse coinciden c e wit h p lann ed c o n sp ir ac y , r e a lit y w i t h fan t asy . ( Did s om eon e j us t s a y ; ; f¥1 1 8 " ? ) I f t h e p er cip ion t ' s U F O exp er ienco is t r u ly ·uns e t t lin g an d d i s t ur b i n g , t h en p er hap s in s ome cases " s ynchron istic "

v e n t s a r c exp li cab le in t e rms of p s yc hop atho lqgy . F u r t hermor e , i f we un wari ly 3ccep t t he v i ews o f J un g an d V a ug h an t hat sy n c hron i st i c ev en t s ar e outside the sp h ] r c o f human c a us a t ion , we a r o p r o j ect in g o u r own r es p onsi bi lit i o s ont o an � xt e r na l s cap e go at , j us t as p r i mit iv e man b lnmcd ev en ts o n m a g i c a l o b j ects or sp i r i t s and d omon s . H en c e t he s e d u ct iv e nes s o f s yn c h r on i c it y .

I n c on c l us i on , s ev e r a l it ems s t an d o ut . F i r s t ly , we p r obab ly un d e r est imat e t h e r o le o f c oin c id e n c e i n e v e ry d a y li fe . W e fe � l m o r e com for t a b le when t hin gs

_s c.?em to b e p lann ed out for us . S ec o n d ly , s in c e· psi p r o c e s s es do ap pear t o op -, .r nt e i n mor e c omp lex U FO c as es , i t s eems r eas on a b le t·o at tempt t o ext end t h i s L Xp lan at io n t o s om e ap p ar ent " s yn c h r on i st ic 1 1 ev C?n t s . W e c an d o t his s u c c e ss ful ly o y ut i lisin g R e x S t an for d ' s i d ea o f an unconsc i o us p s i -m edit at ed · ins t r ument a l r �s p on se � I f , as V au g han s ug g e s t s , s yn c hron icit y an d p s i a r c i n dist i n g u i s hab le · t t he basic l e v e l , t h en t h e r e i s no n eed t o i n t r o d u c e t he m y s t i fyi ng h yp ot hes i s o f s yn c hr o n ic i t y . A n d on p ur e ly i d e o log i ca l g ro u n d s , t h e s yn c h ron icit y hyp ot hes is has t h e? d i s adv an t a g e , i n d e e d dan g e r , o f p r oj e c t i n g away our r esp on si bi lit i es . T h e mos t r e a s on a b le c o nc lus i on is t h at " syn c h r o n i st ic sv ent s n a r e act ua l ly a com bi n a t i o n o f ( 1 ) r and om c o i n c iden ces , and ( 2 ) p aranorma l e v en t s .

C la r k , J . an d C o leman � L . C r ea t ur es o f t h e O u�cr Edge N Y � W arn er , 19 78

_ i s cn b u d , J . S e d uct i o n by s yn c hr on i c i t y . P syc hi c , v o l . 6 n o . 4 , - ��p t em b er -Octo b er 1975 , p . 6 ..

H ar d y , A . H ar v i e , R . an d K o est ler , A . Th e C ha l lenge o f Ch ance N Y : V i n t a g e , ( 19 73 ) ' 1 9 7 5 . ;

Vio r av ccfJJ r' l . P si u fo logi c a l P h e n omon a � U FO s an d t h (] P a r anorma l , p ap er p r e s ented at U F u C ON 4 , 1979 , The MU FON U F O J o urn a l , n o o 15 0 , A u g 198 0 , p p o l3 - l5

�l or av ec , !Yi . U F Os and P rophet ic R e ligi o u s Mo v ement s , T h e � 1U F ON U FO J o ur n a�.' n o . 15 1 , S ep 198 0 , pp . 7 - l0 o ; - i

� ch wa r z , B . E . 3 t o lla L on s in g ' s U F O Mot i on P ic t ur es . F lying Sa ucer Rev i e w , v o l . lB n o . l , J a n - F cb 19 72 .

3 c hwar z , B . E . St e lla La n s i n g ' s C lo ck lik e U F O p a tt er.n s . F lying Saucer R ev i ew v o l . 2 0 n os 5 & 6 an d v o l . 2 1 n o . l , 1 975 .

\/ 3 u gh an , A o Sy nch r o n i c it y : c ur i o us coin ciden c es or cosmic cau s e s ? P sychic , J u l-� ug 19 7 5 , pp . 56 -6 1 .

t

- _ ' .( .1 7)

( C on t in ued from p ag e 2 - Tr a n s i t i on s b y w . C . C ha lker ) • .

U I LL I AM E . MOS E R , F . � . A . S . - S e p t em ber 17th 190 7 - J � ly 8th , 198 1 )

B i l l M a s e r , i n h i s li fe , u n d e r t o ok man y d i v e r s e act iv i t ies . H e w a s a n acco unt ant , a s t r on om er , J . P . , a n d sp eaker o f six l a n g u�ges t o n am e b ut a few . H i s H ur ls t on e P a r k addr e s s b ec am e t h e c en t r e o f h i s p r o l i fic wor ld wide c orr esp onden c e , wh en h e a c t ed as s ec r et ar y for t h e U Fffi I n v �s t i g at i on Cen t r e ( U F O I C ) from about 1 9 6 3 t o 19 74 . lu i t h the c h an g Gs in p er s on a l and g r o up a d d r es s·, t hat fo ll owed , Bi l l c o n t in ued t o c h an� 6 i . t h G � r o 8p c o r r G sp o nd e ri� e t h at came t hr o ugh h i s r e s id en c e . I � was a m e a s u r e o f his a ct i v i t y , t o s e e t h e lar g e n um ber o f books and m a g a z in es t h 3t q u ot ed hi� as a s o u r ce or c on t ac t . I n the U FO I C N e ws let t e r i s s u es N o . �7, 38 , & 39 , t wo o f h i s p r im a r y in t er e�t s c am e t o get her i n a m a j or s er i a li sC?d art i c le w r i t t en b y h i m , n am e ly : � Ast r on omer s an d U F O s " . A s a p ast p res iden t o f t h e B r it i s h A s t r on om i ca l A s s o ciat i on and U FO g r o up s ev r et a r y , Bi ll , in a way , r ep re s en t bd t he c ommon in t er e s t h e ld by man y a s t r on om Grs ,in t h e U F O s u b j e c t . A h i g h li g h t o f his dua l ass oc i at ion came w i t h t h e v i s i t t o A u s t r a li a , in 1973 , by t h e? we l l kn own ast r on om e r and U F O auth o r i t y D r . J . A l len H yn e k . B i l l h ad a big h a n d t o p la y i n t h e org�nisat ion o f t hat v i sit � M y a s s o c i at i o n wit h B i ll g o�s b a ck m o r e t h an a decade , wh en , as an indep en dent r e s ear c her an d AP R O in v es t i gat or fo r the north coast an d N e w E ng land ar eas o f N SW , it was p a r t i a ll y t h t' o u g h Bi l l , t h a t my in i t i a l r app o r t with U F O I C b �g :::m . N o w � a dec ade lat e r , t h e g r o up has c han g ed . Con side rab ly , h owev er , n on e o f us h a v e fo r g o t t en t he d ebt we o w e to p eop le like B i l l M a s er . H e wi l l be missed . O u r s in c er e symp at hi E?s g o t o h i s f8mi ly .

Epi logu e � I uJas r ec o nt ly i n fo em ed t h at H a l l R obb o f W cst f.:rn A u st r a li a , who s om e o f you may kn ow , p as s e d awa y . U F O Ros ear c h ( N 3uJ ) r ecords i t s debt t o r· � r . R o bb , since h e: was k i n d _ e n o u g h t o donat e his comp let e c o llec t i on o- f a l l t h e p ub lis hed U F0 I C n ews let t c: r s t � u s � - few ye�ts · �go � O u r sin c er e symp at hi e s g o t o hi s fam i ly .

ACU F O S B i b li ograp hy S e rv i c e

rQ.y_ J ohn P ryt z . p ar t 1 - Th 2 Condon S t udy a n d R epo r t - · J a u�na l Ar t i cles

Comp i ler ' s N o t e : T h e U niv er s i t y of C o lor ado ( C ondo� ) G to � t u d y and r ep o r t has p r ov e d t o b e one o f · th e m 8 s t i mp or t a n t and co�tr oversia l ch ap ters ever in the h i st o r y of u fo lo g y . Re fer en ced b e l ow are s om� of the con t emp or a r y j o urn a l a r t i c les fr om t h a t p er i od .

1 ) Armagn a c , A lden P . - t ' C ondon Rep o r t on U FO s � S h o u ld Y o u B e liev e I t 7 1 1 -£ER u lar S c i e n c e , Apri l 1 96 9 - p . 72 - 7 6 .

2 ) Bake r , R o b o r t M . L . - 1 1 T h e U FO Rep ort : C on don S t u d y F a lls S hort n - S c i e nt i fi c R es e a r ch , lt� Ap r i l 196 9 - p . 41 .

3 ) Bin d e r , " O t t o 0 . - " 1 1 S ci en t i s t s P ro v e U FOs fi r e R o a l � " - S aga , M.ay 1969 -p . 2 4- 3 7 , 5 8 -6 0 , 62 .

4 ) B o f fey , P hi lip r1 . ... 1 1 U (O P r o j e c t : T r o u b 1 e s o n t h e C ro und" - S ci e n ce , 2 6 J u ly 1 96 8 - p . 3 3 9- 3 42 .

5 ) B o ffey , P h i lip f' l � - " U F O S t u d y : Cnndon G ro up Finds N o Evi den ce o f Vi_s it s Fr om o· ut c: r Sp a c e r ' - S c i erJ..£g_, 1 7 Ja n ua r y 196 9 - p . 2 60 -2 62 .

6 ) " Con d.on t o H ead U FO S t u d y i ' - S ci en c e , 1 4 O c t o b e r 196 6 . 7) Co t e , A 1 fr e'd - ·J � .:... " H ow C o lorado C la s s e s U FOs " - I n d us t r i a l R e s earch

A u g us t 1968 - p . 2 7 -2 8 . 8 ) !lat e , A l fr e d J . - " U FO S t ud y C r e d i b i lit y C loud?" - I nd us t r i a l Res e a r c h ,

J un e 19 68 - p . 2 6 -2 8 . 9 ) F u l le r , J ohn C . - " F lyin g Sa ucer Fi a s c o " - L oo� , 1 4 M a y 1 968 - p . 58 , 6 0 -6 3 . 10 ) H yn ek , J . A l lon - " T h e C ondon Rep o r t an d U F 0 s 1 1 - B ul le t i n o f t h e A tom i c

S ci e nt ist s , Ap r i l 196 9 - p . 3 9 - 42 .

1 1 ) H onv en , F r e d e r i ck J . - " U FOs a n d t h e Evi d en ce 1 ' - Sat urd ay Review, 29 !Yiar ch 19 6 9 - p . l6 - 1 7 , 6 2 .

1 2 ) ' ' L i b C? l S ui t �la y Dev e lop fr om U F O H a s s le 1 1 - S ci en t i fic R os e ar c h , 1 3 May 196B - p . 1 1 .

1 3 ) 1 1 L o s t C <J us e : C on d on R ep o rt · ' - 1\J a t i on , 2 7 Jan uar y 1969 - p . lOO .. 1 4 ) � · a lla n , L lo y d - 1 ' T h e C o n d o n R ep or t : F a ct of F i cti on ?" - S c i c: nce & r·l e chan i cs ,

f"ta y 1 96 9 - p . 3B - 40 , B 6 , BB , 90 .. 15 ) : ' o a u cC?rs ' E n d ' ' - Time U1m e r i c a n E d i t i on ) , 1 7 J an uar y 196 9 - p . 44- 45 . 1 6 ) ' ' S h o ot in g D o w n t h e U FO s : C on d on R ep or t " - N ewswoek ( Amorican C?d it ion )

2 0 J an ua r y 1969 - p . 5 4 . 1 7 ) " U F O R o p o r t D e l a y ed ' ' - I nd us t r i a l R e s e ar c h , Jan uar y 196B - p . lB . 18 ) · ' U F C-u at ch er w at c he r " - N ewswec:k ( Am e r i can Ed i t ion ) , 2 0 I : a rc-h 196 7 - p . l l l . 19 ) 1 1 F l y i n g S a uce rs , f� ot R c: a l B u t - " - U • ..) . N ews an d u.J or ld R eport ,

2 0 J an ua r y 1969 - p . 6 . :2 0 ) C on d on , E d wa r d U . - i l iJ FO s I H a v e L ov ed an d L ost ' ' - B u l le t i n df t h e At omi c

S ci en t is t s , Decc:mbor 196 9 - p . 6 -B .

� ar t 2 - U FO s - F i c t i o n ( o f and a bo u t) an d N ov e lty I tems .

omp i ler ' s N o t e : U F Os a r c: n ot a lways " Se r i o us B u s i n es s " desp i t e t h e t i t le o f tl-i E best s e l lin g b oo k b y F r an k Edwo.rds . Ami d t ho 1 1 s C? r io us n c s s " t h a t u fo logilsts o 0v o t e to t ho i r d a y - in , d ay -out p u r s u i t of th e U F O , on e can fin d s ome light er r • , l ic f , Lui t h t;J ut es cap in g fr om t ho s u bj e c t mat t er . H e r e i s a s r le c t i o n o f U FO �cd i ci n e for th e har r i ed u fo lo g i s t .

� ) �d l o r , B i l l ( Edit o r ) - L et t e r s t o t h e A i r F or c e on U FOs � - · D e l l , � . Y . - 19 6 7 . � ) � o lum b ia P i ct u r e s I nd u s t r io s I nc . - C lose En c oun t e r s o f t h e Third K in d ,

( So uv enir b ook let ) - En c o un t er En t e r p r i sos , In , N . Y . - 19 7 7 � � ) C o lum b i a P i ct ur es I nd ust r i e s I n c . - C l os e E n co u n t e r s o f t h e T h ird K in d

F ot o nov e l - Sp hc:r e , L o n d on - 19 7B . 4 ) FGrr i s , J os ep h - U FO - H o H o � C .:J r t o u!J.§_ for .Fl.YJ-ng S a uc c: r _ _L� - P op u lar

L ib r ar y , N . Y . - 19 6B . 5 ) G �r ?n i , G3 r y ( Ed i t o r ) - C lo s e E n count L r s o f t h e TbirJ Kin d : P os t car d B ook -

P r in te P r e ss , N . Y . - 19 7B . u ) H 'J r b i n s on , i.J . A . - G en es i s - C o r g i , L ondon - 19B O s I) L eon ar d , G e o r g e B . - A li e n - P lay bpy P r e ss , Ch i ca g o - 19 7 7 .. 8 ) P ri n g lG 7 Oa v id - · ' F lyin g S a uce r s " ( in ) - 1\! i ch o l ls�l P e t L?r ( Ed i t or ) -

The En cyc lopod i a o f S c i e n c e F i ct io n - Granada 9 L ond on - 19 79 - p . 2 2 5 -2 2 6 . ::;� ) Row lc y , C h r i s ( Ed i t or ) - C lo s e En co un t er s o f T h e Thi r d K i n d - S tar B o ks ,

L on d o n - 19 7B . 18 ) o8n t e sson , H a n s 3 . ( Ed i t o r ) - F lying S a u c e r s in F a ct and F i ct i o n - L an co r

B ooks , N . Y . � 196 B . 1 1) Sp i t:: lbe r g , S te v C? n - C los e En !: ount e r s o f t he Thi r d K in d - S p h er e , L on d on 19 7B . 1 2 ) J.J at s on , I an - r·i i r a c l e V isit or s - P ant h e r/G r an ad a , Pr ogrnor C? , St A lbans 7

H C?r t s - 19B O . 1 3 ) U i l li 2ms , J ohn ( C omp o s e r ) - C los e E n c o u n t o r s o f t h e T hi r d Kin d ( or i g i n a l

m o t i on p i ct u r o s o un dt ra c k ) - APi s t a R e c ord� ( v i a EMI ( A ust r a li a ) L imited ) · - ·AL -9 50 0 - 19 7 7 .

B ib li ogr aphy Up dat e s :

C: x o bi o l oqy. 1 ) ; s im o v , I sa a c - n r,J ot A s uJ e Kn ow I t : The C h emist r y o f L i fe · ' - C o smic S2 arch

J i n t c r ( v ol . 3 , n o . l ) , 1 9B l - p . 5 -B , lB . � ) L c? rn h ar d , H u b o r t J . ( N a r r at o r ) - L i fe Among The St ar s - S t e l lar V e n t ur e s ,

� n F ranci s c o , C a li f . - 1 9 66 . ( T h e P lan e t a r ium L e ct urer S er i e s , n o . l ( V AP L -1 Y - s ,J un d r e c o r d i n g ) .

J ) ,F ci in oor g , G er a ld & Sh ap i r o , R o ber t - " jp oc t r um � L i fe S i g n s " - The S cien c e s , i ' :=:J r c h 19B l - p . l 4 - 1 5 , 3 1 •

.:J. ) P r yt z , J o hn - " W e 14. re K n own .; N o t A lon e , in the U n iv o r s e " - 1\< at i on Rev iew , J u ly 19B l - p . l 4 - 15 , 46 .

L i fe in t h o S o lar Sys t em � Mars (P r e -V i k ing)

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l

'( 19 )

1 ) Cl c r n h ar d , H u bc r t J . (N a r r a t or ) - flyst er i es o f l' ! a rs - S t e l lar V en t ur o s , S an F ra n ci s co , Ca l i f . - 19& 7 . ( The P lan e t a r i um L ect ur er S e r ies , n o . 4 ( V AP L -4 ) - s o un d r e co r d in g ) •

L i fe I n T he Solar Sys t em ; T he J o v i an P lan e t s

1 ) L L?wis , J o hn S. - 1 1 L ightn in g on J up it e r � Rat e , E n c r g e t i cs , and E ffc:ct s " - S ci enc e , 1 9 D e ce mb e r 198 0 - p . l 3 5 1 - 13 5 2 .

_Spac e Co lon i es .

1 ) oc ar s , V a l - " C o lon i es in Space by 2 0 8 1 " - The (Sydn ey) S un -H er a ld , 2 4 �la y 198 1 .

A s t r o - A r ch a c: o l ogy & An c i e n t A st ron a u t s

1 ) H u y g he , P a t r ick - " V c: la X � A 6 0 0 0 Y oa r rv , yst e r y " - Omega , J u ly/ A ug us t 1 98 1 - p . 8 6 -8 9 ' 1 1 1 .

Art i fi ci a l I n t e l lige n c e

1 ) B a r r , A v r on & Fc i g en baum , Edward ( Ed i t or s ) - H an d b ook o f Art i fi c i a l I n t e l l ige n c e ( 3 u o ls . ) - J i lli am K a u fman n , I n c . , L os A lt os , Ca li f . - 198 1 ( v o l . 1 & 2 ) , 1982 ( v o l . 3 ) .

2 ) B od e n , !"l a r g a r et A . - " Th e S o ci a l I mp licat i on s o f I nt o lligen t f11 achin c s " ( in ) - F o r e st er , T o m ( Edit or ) - Th e M i c r o e lect r o n i cs R ev o lut ion : Th e C omp l� t� G ui d e t o t he N ew T c:c hn o logy and I t s I mp a ct o n S o ci ety - Bas i l B lackwc ilil , O x ford g 1980 - p . 43 9 - 452 .

3 ) F ai r h ur s t , M . C . - 1 1 Ar t i fi ci a l I n t e l li gen c e - Closer Th an Yo u T hin k " ­E le ct ro n i cs T od ay I nt er n at ion a l , Sep t em b er 1 9 79 - p . 9 7 , 9 9 , 10 2 , 10 3 .

4 ) L 3r com b e , � i c h a e l - : Ro b ot s - G r a i n P ower ' ' - E lect roni cs Today I nt e rn a t io n a l J u l y 19 78 - p . 4 1 - 43 .

1 ) · 1 B cwa r e - Y owi e � 11 - T h e (Sydney) StiJn -HGr a ld , 2 4 l"ia y 198 1 . 2 ) · ' E xp ed it ion S i g h t s ' A b omin a b l e Sn ouJmcn ' 1 1 - Th e (L aun cGst on) Examin r�r , 19 [ , D y 19 8 1 .

3 ) Gi lr oy , R cx - 1 ' D o e s A us t r a li a H aV L' I ts Own L o c h N es s �l ons ter ?" - Omoqa J ul y/ A u g us t 198 1 - p . 7 4- 77 .

�n idon t i fi e d F lying O b j�· ct s .

1 ) Aids I d ent i fi ca t i o n o f F lying O b j e c t s - U . S . Gov e r nm en t P r in t in g O f fi c e , J as h in gt on D . C . - 196 8 e

2 ) G orn har d , H ub c r t J . (N ar rat or ) - T h e U FO s - S t e l lar V en t ur es , San Fran ci s co , C G li f . - 1 96 7. ( Th e P l3n et a ri um L c: ct ur c r S er ies , n o . 3 ( V AP L -3 ) - s un d r r> cor cl . )

3 ) " Bi g U FO F lnp d - S ci en c e Dige s t , Uct o b o r 19 65 . * 4 ) ; ' D i s ap p e a r i n g A ct s " - .?_ky and T elr.:scop c , �lay 1 980 - p .. 3 73 .

5 ) D o n g , P a u l - 1 ' U F O Up d a t E:: ; f' ,ain land M yst er i c:s l l - Omni , �lay 198 1 . - p . 3 6 , 12 5 . 6 ) C o ldman , E r i c F . ( '!romp o r e ) - ; l Ar c: F l yi n g Sa ucers On ly S cir: n ce F ict ion ?" ( on ) -

Jh c Open M ind (N B C TV P r o g r am ) - N at io n a l Br oadcast in g C omp an y , 0N BC -TV P ub l i c A ffairs D ep t . , N . Y . - 19 6 6 . ( I n t r an s c r ip t forr,J ) .

7 ) H c r be r t� Ro y - " A B at het i c C as e o f Ua 11 L i g ht n in g 1 ' - N ew S c i o n t ist , 2 8 !"'a y 198 1 - p o 5 4 4 .

B ) L aw r en ce , T o s s - " Th e S c a r s Fr om T h e E n c o un t er ' - Jh o B ul l ot i n , 2 3 J an uar y 1 9 7 9 - p . 2 2 -2 3 .

9 ) L omb e r g , J o n (N a r r a to r ) - · S k y H ig h : Th o P s y c h o l o g y and P hy s ics o f U F O s " -J n v o s t igat i o ns ( AB C Radi o P r ogram ) , 1 1 , 18 & 2 5 F �� br u a r y 198 1 . ( R e -broadcast fr om I d e a s ( C an ad i an Br oadcas t i n g C orp o r a t i on RGdio P rogram ) .

10 ) " Se c o n d I n t er n a t i on a l U F O C on g r e s s H eld in L on don " - A . M . ( AB C Radio P r o g r m 2 5 M a y 198 1 .

1 1 ) ' ' S ov i e t U FO D ue? t o S e c r e t L a un ch 1 ' - S ci e n ce N C?ws , B O ct o b e r 19 7 7 - p .. 2 30 -2 3 1 . 1 2 ) ' U F O I n cidont O V C?r B ass S t r a it " - A . f'i . ( A B C Raciio P r o gr a m) , 2 4 0 cto bt? r 19 78 . 1 3 ) n u F O I n c i d en t Ov t? r B ass S tr ai t " - P� ( ABC Radio P r o gr am X , 2 3 0 ct o b e r 19 78 ., 1 4 ) i ! U FO I n ci d ent O v o r B as s S t r a it " - "Th,i; Day T on igh t ( AB C TV P ro gr a m) , 2 3 Oct 'T .

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1 5 ) " U F O 1 n ci d en t Ov o r B ass S t r a i t " g. U i l l c s o c at Seven ( TV P r o g r am ) , · -23· O c t o b e r 19 78 .

1 6 ) 1 1 lJ e r o U F 0 s R o a 11 y S quid B oa t s ? H � N o w S c i e n t i s t , 15 f'� arch 19 79 .. ·- p • 8 7 8 •

1 7 ) Uh i t e , J ohn - :r t S p a c e Cr it b:� r s ' � Un ident i fied f l ying · A n i ma ls ?" -Fr o n t i o r s o f Sci on c ci , · J a n . /F e b . 1981 - p.30-34 .

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