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The Korea Institute of Inf ormation and C ommunication Engineering T

Journal of information and communication convergence engineering

March 2012

VOL.10 NO.1

Giwan Yoon Pedro IsaiasKorea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Korea Portuguese Open University, Portugal

In-Young Ko Hong Seung KoKorea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Korea Kyoto College of Graduate Studies for Informatics, Japan

Boyeon Song Chung-Huang YangNational Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Korea National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan

Woo-Young Choi Changji WangYonsei University, Korea Sun Yat-Sen University, China

Jong-Wook Han Deepti GaurElectronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Korea Institute of Technology& Management, India

Jong-Ok Kim Sima DimitrijevKorea University, Korea Griffith University, Australia

Jae-Hyung Lee Tayfun AkgulSungkyunkwan University, Korea Istanbul Technical University, Turkey

Kwang-Baek Kim Il-Young MoonSilla University, Korea Korea University of Technology and Education, Korea

Hyeop-Goo Yeo Jeongwook SeoHanshin University, Korea Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Korea

Jung-Tae Kim Kyeong HurMokwon University, Korea Gyeongin National University of Education, Korea

Korobova NatalysKazakh National University, Kazakhstan

Seong-Real Lee Mokpo National Maritime University, Korea Piet Kommers University of Twente, Netherlands

Yun Seop Yu Hankyong National University, Korea Mingui Sun University of Pittsburgh, USA

Hyung-Kun Park Korea University of Technology and Education, Korea Tony Sahama Queensland University of Technology, Australia

Managing Editor Jeongwook Seo Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Korea

Administration Staff Jung-Soo Yuk KIICE, Korea

Manuscript Editor Ji-Hye Kim Infolumi, Korea

Editor-in-Chief

Editorial Board

Editorial Board

Associate Editors

Chang-Heon Oh Korea University of Technology and Education, Korea

Senior Vice President Hoe Kyung Jung Paichae University, Korea

President Chang Wu Hur Mokwon University, Korea

1 Minimizing the Average Distance of Separated Points on the Plane in the L1-DistanceJae-Hoon Kim

5 Current State of and Cutoff Schemes for Academic Misconducts in the Cyber ClassesJongjung Woo

11 Discovery of and Recovery from Failure in a Costal Marine USN ServiceHee-Taek Ceong, Hae-Jin Kim, and Jeong-Seon Park

21 Adjusting Transmission Power for Real-Time Communications in Wireless Sensor NetworksKi-Il Kim

27 Analysis of Similarity of Twitter Topic Categories among RegionsHongwon Yun

33 On the Accuracy of RFID Tag Estimation FunctionsYoung-Jae Park, Young Beom Kim

40 Gene Algorithm of Crowd System of Data MiningJong-MinPark

45 A Study on Wavelet-based Image Denoising Using a Modified Adaptive Thresholding MethodGao Yinyu, Nam-Ho Kim

53 Attribute-based Proxy Re-encryption with a Constant Number of Pairing OperationsHwaJeong Seo, Howon Kim

61 A Strategy for Adopting Server Virtualization in the Public Sector: NIPA Computer CenterJong-Cheol Song, Jee-Woong Ryu, and Byung-Joo Moon, Hoe-Kyung Jung

66 The Inhibitory Effect of Eupatilin on the Intestinal Contraction Induced by CarbacholHyun Dong JE, Jong-Min LEE, and Hyen-Oh LA

71 The Impact of Information System Quality and Media Quality on the Intention to Use IPTVDong-Man Lee, Young-Su Chae, Young-Ki Lee, Moon-Jong Choi, and Sung-Hee Jang

Communication System and Applications

Networking and Services

Intelligent Information System

Multimedia/Digital Convergence

Volume 10 Number 1 March 2012

Print ISSN: 2234-8255 Online ISSN: 2234-8883

Contents

The Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering

78 Performance Improvement and Power Consumption Reduction of an Embedded RISC CoreHongkyun Jung, Xianzhe Jin, and Kwangki Ryoo

85 A 1.8 V 40-MS/sec 10-bit 0.18-μm CMOS Pipelined ADC using a Bootstrapped Switch with Constant ResistanceJi-Hun Eo, Sang-Hun Kim, Mungyu Kim, and Young-Chan Jang

91 Design of Filter to Reject Motion Artifacts of PPG Signal by Using Two PhotosensorsJu-Won Lee, Jae-Hyun Nam

Semiconductors and Communication Devices

Imaging and Biomedical Engineering

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61

I. INTRODUCTION

The rapid evolution of computing and communications technology offers unprecedented opportunities for the public sector.

In an era of explosive data growth and flat budgets, organizations must evaluate potential technology purchases not only on their technical merits but on their economic merits. All virtualization can deliver significant benefits to the organization by improving computing utilization and overall efficiency while reducing costs and complexity.

Virtualization is a term that is often applied to a wide

range of technologies. Essentially, virtualization technology decouples the software used in the realm from the hardware. In the area of server virtualization, this means that multiple server environments (Windows, Linux, etc.) can be housed on a single piece of physical hardware [1].

For migrating a public organization to cloud computing, we first have to virtualize the server environment, which brings two key issues. One is how to optimize and consolidate a large-scale heterogeneous computing system. The other is how to realize the virtualization server environment.

This paper, therefore, focuses on how to effectively build the virtualization servers for public organizations. It deals with the

___________________________________________________________________________________________ Received 07 December 2011, Revised 27 January 2012, Accepted 05 February 2012 *Corresponding Author E-mail: hkjung@pcu.ac.kr

http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jicce.2012.10.1.061 print ISSN:2234-8255 online ISSN:2234-8883

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright ⓒ The Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering

J. lnf. Commun. Converg. Eng. 10(1): 61-65, Mar. 2012 Regular Paper

A Strategy for Adopting Server Virtualization in the Public Sector: NIPA Computer Center Jong-Cheol Song1, Jee-Woong Ryu1,2, and Byung-Joo Moon1, Hoe-Kyung Jung2*, Member, KIICE 1 Information Service Team, National IT Industry Promotion Agency, Daejeon 305-348, Korea 2 Department of Computer Engineering, Paichai University, Daejeon 302-735, Korea

Abstract Many public organizations have been adopting and operating various servers. These servers run on Windows, Unix, and Linux operating systems that generally use less than 10% of their capacity. For migrating a public organization to cloud computing, we must first virtualize the server environment. This article proposes a strategy for server virtualization that the National IT Industry Promotion Agency (NIPA) has done and describes the effects of a public organization migrating to cloud computing. The NIPA Computer Center planned an effective virtualization migration on various servers. This project of virtualization migration was conducted with the existing policy of separate x86 servers and Unix servers. There are three popular approaches to server virtualization: a virtual machine model, a paravirtual machine model, and virtualization at the operating system layer. We selected a VMware solution that uses the virtual machine model. We selected servers for virtualization in the following manner. Servers were chosen that had the highest rate of service usage and CPU usage and had been operating for five years or more. However, we excluded servers that require 80% or greater rates of CPU usage. After adopting the server virtualization technique, we consolidated 32 servers into 3 servers. Virtualization is a technology that can provide benefits in these areas: server consolidation and optimization, infrastructure cost reduction and improved operational flexibility, and implementation of a dual computing environment. Index Terms: Server virtualization, Hypervisor, Virtualization strategy

Open Access

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issues that resulted from adopting virtualization servers in public organizations. It considers virtual servers that have been implemented in National IT Industry Promotion Agency (NIPA). Finally, it reviews the benefits of server virtualization and suggests key issues for future research.

II. CASE STUDY

How does virtualization work? Generally, server virtualization solutions work by introducing a thin layer over the physical server. This layer partitions the physical server into separate areas that the virtual servers then run on. Computing resources from the underlying server are viewed as a pool of resources that can then be shared among the virtual machines sitting on top. With the exception of sharing computing resources, each virtual server acts as its own entity; problems with an application on one server do not affect other virtual machines on that same physical server [1].

There are three popular approaches to server virtualization: the virtual machine model, the paravirtual machine model, and virtualization at the operating system layer.

The hypervisor is called a virtual machine monitor (VMM). It validates all the guest-issued CPU instructions and manages any executed code that requires additional privileges. VMware and Microsoft Virtual Server both use the virtual machine model [2]. The paravirtual machine (PVM) model is also based on the host/guest paradigm and it uses a virtual machine monitor, too. In the PVM model, however, the VMM actually modifies the guest operating system’s code. This modification is called porting, which supports the VMM so it can utilize privileged system calls sparingly. Like virtual machines, PVMs are capable of running multiple operating systems (OS). Virtualization at the OS level works a little differently. It is not based on the host/guest paradigm [3].

III. EFFECTIVE SERVER VIRTUALIZATION STRATEGY

There are many public organizations that have been

adopting and operating various servers. These servers run on Windows, Unix, and Linux operating systems and generally use less than 10% of their capacity.

There are five types of OSs in the NIPA e-Cube Center. Windows has the highest share of adoption of any server operating system. The adoption share estimates for Linux are 22% and for Solaris are 21%. NIPA had been adopting and operating various servers. These servers had been running on Windows, Unix, and Linux operating systems.

These servers generally have used less 10% of their capacity in less important service. Fig. 1 indicates various servers in the NIPA e-Cube Center.

Fig. 1. Ratio of operating system.

If they can be consolidated onto a smaller number of

servers using virtualization technology, we can increase the space utilization efficiency in a datacenter and boost hardware utilization to between 50 and 80% [4].

The following server virtualization strategy describes the methods one should consider when for embarking on a server virtualization project in a public organization.

First, the server machines were divided into X86 servers and non-X86 servers. Second, the X86 servers were virtualized and consolidated.

Third, the non-X86 servers were virtualized. That is, the IBM, HP, and Sun servers were virtualized with a different vendor’s virtual tool.

Fig. 2. Virtualization strategy for servers.

The X86 server virtualization tool (hypervisor) allows

quicker and easier virtualization than for Unix servers. Fig. 2 indicates virtualization strategy by type of server [3].

A Strategy for Adopting Server Virtualization in the Public Sector: NIPA Computer Center

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IV. ADOPTING SERVER VIRTUALIZATION STRATEGY

A. Building the Virtualization Server Environment

The NIPA Computer Center designed an effective

virtualization migration of its various servers. This virtualization migration plan kept x86 servers and Unix servers separate. We adopted the virtual machine model. VMware was used as the virtual machine model. We used the VMware solution on X86 servers. However, for the Unix servers, we plan to use each vendor's virtual tool. We selected the X86 servers for virtualization using the following criteria: 1) servers that had a low rate of service and infrequent usage, 2) servers that had been operating for five years or more. In other words, older servers, to avoid upgrade costs.

There are multiple factors to consider when evaluating and selecting a server in a server virtualization plan. We excluded the servers for virtualization according to the following criteria: 1) servers with 80% or greater rates of average CPU usage. For example, 10 GHz or more of average CPU usage, 16 GB or more of memory usage, 200 Mbps or more of network bandwidth usage, or 1 TB or more disk of disk usage, 2) servers with special devices, such as a fax card or CAD, tape drive, etc. Virtualization solutions cannot support these devices, 3) applications with a real-time service or mass transaction service function, 4) software that managed licenses into hardware lock-down (serial port, parallel port, and USB port) were excluded, because these servers disturb effective usage of the server's resources. NIPA’s servers were virtualized with this server virtualization strategy. We implemented server virtualization with the VMware solution. Figs. 3-5 describe the implementation of the virtualization servers at NIPA.

Fig. 3. Implementation of virtualization servers.

Virtual Server

Hewlett-Packard ProLiant DL580 G7

Intel® Xeon® X7542 @ 2.67GHz6 Core * 2 Way (12 Core)

65GB

External = Quad Port 1EA, Dual Port 1EAInternal = Single Port 4 EA

Hexa2 way

Model

CPU

RAM

NIC

ISP2432-based 4Gb FC to PCI Express HBADual Port 2EAHBA

Virtual Storage

HITACHIUSP-V

Total 1.95 TBNIPA-Sanfs01

Total 1.95 TBNIPA-Sanfs02

Total 1.95 TBNIPA-Sanfs03

Total 1.95 TBNIPA-Sanfs04

NIPA-ESX03DL580 G7

12core / 65GBNIPA-ESX02DL580 G7

12core / 65GB

NIPA-ESX01DL580 G7

12core / 65GB

Fig. 4. Virtualization servers and storage.

The NIPA Computer Center implemented the server

virtualization environment and eliminated 29 physical servers in an effective virtualization migration on the various servers.

Fig. 5. Server configuration after server virtualization.

B. Benefit of Server Virtualization

We took advantage of the following: 1) server

consolidation and optimization: we estimated that distributed physical servers generally use only 5% of their capacity, so by virtualizing those server environments, we can boost hardware utilization by 50%; that is a 10:1 consolidation ratio [5]. As a result, we can reduce hardware maintenance costs by reducing the number of physical servers; 2) increasing the space utilization efficiency: virtualizing servers decreases the amount of floor space that we must use. Before virtualizing servers, 128U was used for floor space but after virtualizing the servers, 12U was used as floor space. That’s a 10:1 reduction ratio. Table 1 demonstrates the advantages of server virtualization; 3) hardware cost: because virtualization allows for greater

J. lnf. Commun. Converg. Eng. 10(1): 61-65, Mar. 2012

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utilization of existing resources, fewer physical servers are required, saving money both on upfront hardware costs and on maintenance costs [6]. Virtualizing servers reduces the time it takes to provision new servers and maintenance servers by up to 25%; Flexibility and dual system: Because virtualization allows for the quick creation of different operating system environments, it is easy to run legacy applications alongside new versions, migrate applications to new environments, and restore systems in post-disaster scenarios. We can operate dual systems.

Table 1. Increasing server operation efficiency in National IT Industry Promotion Agency

Before (min) After (min) System installation 250 0 Operating system installation 170 80 Operating system patch 90 20 On and off 30 10

Fig. 6. Advantages of National IT Industry Promotion Agency’s sever virtualization.

IV. CONCLUSIONS

This paper proposes a strategy for server virtualization that NIPA applied to migrating to cloud computing. Two key issues arise in regard to the virtualization of servers in public organizations. One is how to optimize and consolidate large-scale heterogeneous computing systems. The other issue is how to realize a virtualized server environment. This virtualization migration plan kept X86 servers and Unix servers separate. We proposed a solution for the virtualization issues of X86 servers. We implemented a server virtualization environment.

We selected the X86 servers that were infrequently used or had been operating five or more years. However, we excluded servers that frequently use the CPU, that have a special device, or that have a real-time service function. Virtualization is a technology that can provide benefits in these areas: server consolidation and optimization, infrastructure cost reduction and space utilization, improved operational flexibility, and implementation of dual computing environments.

REFERENCES

[1] IT management. Server virtualization FAQ [Internet]. Available: http://www.itmanagement.com/faq/server-virtualization/.

[2] Hewlett Packard com. Server virtualization - overview. [Internet]. Available: http://www.hp.com/sbso/productivity/howto/it_server_ virtualization/server-virtualization.pdf.

[3] TechTarget. SearchServierVirtualization - definition server virtualization. [Internet]. Available: http://searchservervirtuali zation.techtarget.com/definition/server-virtualization.

[4] Vmware. Virtualization basics [Internet]. Available: www.vmware.com/virtualization/virtual-infrastructure.html.

[5] Vmware. Server consolidation [Internet]. Available: http://www.vmware.com/solutions/consolidation.

[6] ITword. Top 5 benefits of server virtualization [Internet]. Available: http://www.itworld.com/nls_windowsserver050411

Jong-Cheol Song He received a B.S degree from the Department of Computer Engineering from Kwangwoon University, Korea, in 1999, and he received a Ph.D. degree from the Department of Computer Engineering of Paichai University, Korea, in 2007. From 1999 to 2003, he worked for ETRI as a researcher. Since 2003, he has worked in the Information Service Team at the National IT Industry Promotion Agency (NIPA), where he now works as a deputy director. His current research interests include the semantic web.

A Strategy for Adopting Server Virtualization in the Public Sector: NIPA Computer Center

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Byung-Joo Moon He received the B.S degree from the Department of Computer Science of Chungbuk University, Korea in 2000. From 1991 to 2003, he worked for ETRI as a senior researcher. Since 2003, he has worked in the Information Service Team at the National IT Industry Promotion Agency (NIPA), where he now works as a team leader. His current research interests include web 2.0, and information clustering.

Hoe-Kyung Jung He received the B.S degree in 1987 and Ph. D. degree in 1993 from the Department of Computer Engineering of Kwangwoon University, Korea. From 1994 to 2005, he worked for ETRI as a researcher. Since 1997, he has worked in the department of Computer Engineering at Paichai University, where he now works as a professor. His current research interests include multimedia document architecture modeling, information processing, information retrieval, and databases.

Jee-woong Ryu He received a Master's degree from the Department of Information Technology of ICU, Korea, in 2003. From 2003 to 2009, he worked for IITA as a researcher. Since 2009, he has worked in the Information Service Team at the National IT Information Promotion Agency (NIPA), where he works as a reseacher. His current research interests are cloud computing, virtual desktop infrastructure, and PMS.

The Korea Institute of Inf ormation and C ommunication Engineering

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Journal of information and communication convergence engineering