journal genes control cellular activities through a two step process called protein synthesis. name...
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Journal
Genes Control cellular activities through a two step process called protein synthesis. Name and discuss the significance of the two steps.
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What is the Sugar in RNA?
Ribose
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What are the three types of RNA?
tRNA, rRNA, mRNA
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What does rRNA do?
Makes up ribosomes
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Is the genetic code different in all organisms?
No, the bases are the same different organisms have
different sequences
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Is protein synthesis regulated?
YES
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Are all genes transcribed all the time?
no
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When are the introns removed?
Before the mRNA leaves the nucleus
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What are introns?
Junk DNA/RNA that does not code for proteins
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What are exons?
DNA/RNA that codes for a protein
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What is a change in one or a few nucleotides?
Point mutation
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What is the type of mutation that occurs if a nucleotide is removed?
deletion
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What is the type of mutation that occurs when one nucleotide base is swapped for a different nucleotide base?
Substitution
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What are the RNA base pairing rules?
A-UG-C
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Where does transcription begin?
At a promotor
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What are the two processes that make up protein synthesis?
Transcription and Translation
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What are the complements of codons on tRNA?
anticodons
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Q. What are three differences between RNA and DNA
A. RNA has U instead of T, Ribose instead of deoxyribose, and RNA is
single stranded DNA is double stranded
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Q. What is the process of making RNA from DNA?
A. Transcription
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Q. Where does transcription take place?
A. in the nucleus
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Q. Where does the mRNA go after transcription?
A. Out through the cytoplasm to the ribosome
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Q. Transcribe this DNA sequence: AAGCATCCTGCA
A. UUCGUAGGACGU
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Q. What happens to the parent strand of DNA after the mRNA is transcribed?
A. it lets go of the mRNA and winds back up
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Q. What enzyme is used in transcription?
A. RNA polymerase
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Q. What does mRNA do?
A. carries the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus out
through the cytoplasm to the ribosome
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Q. What is a codon and what does it do?
A. a set of three nucleotide bases that code for an amino
acid
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Q. What does tRNA do?
A. Brings the amino acids to the correct coding sequences
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Q. What organelle is involved in translation?
A. Ribosome
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Q. Use this mRNA chart to answer the question AAG - lysine GAA – glutamine ACU - threonine GGC – glycine AGU– serine GUA – valine CAU - histidine UAA – tyrosine CCG - proline UGA - tryptophan CUU - leucine UUC - phenylalanine
Given the amino acid sequence histidine-tryptophan-leucine-lysine-proline: What is the sequence of bases coding for this amino acid chain?
A. CAUUGACUUAAGCCG
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Q. What is the sequence of the coding strand of DNA that would transcribe into this mRNA CAUUGACUUAAGCCG?(2pts)
A. GTAACTGAATTCGGC
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Q. Describe the process of translation using the words mRNA, ribosome, codon, tRNA, and amino acid. A. During translation, a ribosome
attaches to the mRNA, and reads the triplet nucleotide base codons which code for a specific amino acid. tRNA brings the amino acids to the ribosome where they attach and form a chain
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Q. What does Gel electrophoresis do?
Separates DNA fragments by molecular weight
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Q. What are two things that Scientists can extract DNA from?
A. Hair, Blood, Saliva, Urine…
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Q. What do restriction enzymes do?
A. Cut DNA into fragments at specific base sequences