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COGNITIVE RADIO ARCHITECTURE
Joseph Mitola III
In Cognitive Radio Architecture: The Engineering Foundationsof Radio XML, Wiley 2006
Presented by Pavlos Charalampidis
SDR (Software-Defined Radio)
Definition: A radio that is substantially defined in software, i.e.Physical Layer behavior (modulation, multiplexing, filtering etc.) isimplemented through software.
Key Technologies• High Frequency (ideally RF) ADC/DAC• DSPs• FPGAs
Advantages• Multi-mode/band/standard operation• Low cost/effort technology switches through software upgrades
SDR
CR
SDR (Software-Defined Radio)
SDR Basic Architecture
ADC
Ideal Cognitive Radio (iCR)Introduction
Definition: An autonomous agent that perceives the user’ssituation to proactively assist the user with wirelessinformation services, particularly if the user is too busy orotherwise occupied, such as when in personal distress.
Implies:• Self-awareness• Environment-awareness
OwnerPhysical environmentRF environment
Ideal Cognitive Radio (iCR)Introduction
Ideal Cognitive Radio can:• make flexible use of Radio Spectrum (e.g. SDR)• see what user sees (e.g. image/video pattern recognition)• hear what user hears (e.g. voice/speaker recognition)• protect user’s data (e.g. soft/hard biometrics & encryption)• judge Quality of Information (QoI) needed by user
in a Smart, Autonomous and Learning-capable (Cognitive) way
AUTONOMOUS MACHINE LEARNING (AML)
Ideal Cognitive Radio (iCR)Introduction
I am the COGNITIVE RADIO.
At your service Master!!!
It’s a GENIE!!!
Cognitive Radio ArchitectureSDR augmentation through CRA
Cognitive Radio ArchitectureiCR Node Functional Components
In RXML:Independency
Cognitive Radio ArchitectureFunctional Components Internal Interfaces
Cognitive Radio ArchitectureSelf-Referential Component
The Cognition Component must be able to assess, manage &control its own resources.
This can lead to Gödel-Turing paradox (unpredictable self-referential loops), i.e. system “crash”.
Reliable Watchdog Timers force time-limited computations,sufficient to perform real time communication tasks andexecute user interface functions.
Cognitive Radio ArchitectureThe Cognition Cycle
Wake Epoch
Cognitive Radio ArchitectureThe Cognition Cycle
Observation Phase:- Accept stimuli- Detect novelties
Orient Phase:- Determine significance of observation
and urgency of reaction
Planning Phase:- “Deliberate” management of stimuli,
generation/evaluation of alternatives
User SP Component/Environment Sensing Components
Stimulus RecognitionBinding (CBR-IBL)
Cognition Component
Cognitive Radio ArchitectureThe Cognition Cycle
Decision Phase:- Select among candidate plans
Action Phase:- Initiate selected processes
Learning Phase:- FUN(Observation, Decision, Planning, Action)ML techniques like Reinforcement learning, Case-based Reasoning
Externally-oriented actions (environment)
Internally-oriented actions (control radio, update internal models)
Cognition Component
Cognition/Effectors/SDR Components
Cognitive Radio ArchitectureThe Inference Hierarchy
Cognitive Radio ArchitectureThe Inference Hierarchy
Enabling Techniques:
• Natural Language Processing with
• Observe/Orient Phase lateral links for
CR logic embedded
flexible language recognition (not clear / well-structured speech)
Scene Interpretation
RF Interpretation
Cognitive Radio ArchitectureThe Inference Hierarchy
CR World Knowledge
Cognitive Radio ArchitectureIndustrial Strength iCR design rules (Synopsis)
• Use of watchdog timers when entering a cognition cycle
• Knowledge should be internalized as procedural skills
(e.g. serModels)
• Model of world treating formally time/space/RF and grounding
entities
• Models should be represented in an RKRL (e.g. RXML)
Cognitive Radio ArchitectureIndustrial Strength iCR design rules (Synopsis)
• Cognition function should:
― maintain a model of space-time
― reliably infer user’s communication context & inform SDR
― model propagation of own radio signal (estimate interference)
― infer/adjust the parameters to support running applications
― administer the computational resources
― recognize preemptive actions by user and give control to him/her