joints (a.k.a. articulations). i. introduction a.joint 1. articulation 1. also called an...
TRANSCRIPT
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Joints (a.k.a. Articulations)
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I. Introduction
A.A.JointJoint
1. 1. Also called an articulationarticulation 2. Defined:
A joint is a point of contact between bones, cartilage and bones, or teeth and bone
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I. Introduction
B. FunctionB. Function
1. 1. they hold the skeletal bones together
22.. Allows the rigid skeleton some flexibility so that
gross movements can occur
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C. C. Relationship between Joints Relationship between Joints and and MovementsMovements
1. The closer the fit between bones at a joint, the
stronger the joint.2. Strong joints exhibit restricted
movements.3. The greater the distance
between articulating bones the greater range of
movements
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II. Classification
A. Based on eitherA. Based on either
1. S1. Structure
based on the nature of the material comprising them
2. Function
based on degree of movement they allow
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II. Classification
B. Functional B. Functional ClassificationsClassifications
1. 1. Synarthroses
arthrose=joint, syn=together
• Immovable jointsImmovable joints
• Examples: suturesExamples: sutures
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Synarthroses
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II. Classification
C. Functional ClassificationsC. Functional Classifications
2. 2. Amphiarthroses
arthrose=joint, amphi=both
• Slightly movable joints• Between tibia and fibula
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Amphiarthroses
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II. Classification
C. Functional C. Functional ClassificationsClassifications
3. 3. Diarthroses
arthrose=joint, dia=apart
a. freely movable joint
b. example: knee joint
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II. Classification
b. no joint cavity
C. Structural C. Structural classificationsclassifications
1. 1. Fibrous Jointsa. joints held
together by fibrous connective tissue
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SUTURESSUTURESBones are held together by a thin layer of dense fibrous tissue and also by interlocking projections of the bones.
Found only in the skull
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GOMPHOSESGOMPHOSES
a peg-in-socket fibrous joint
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Bones are held together by a cord or sheet of dense fibrous connective tissue
SYNDESMOSESSYNDESMOSES
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II. Classification
B. Structural ClassificationsB. Structural Classifications
2. 2. Cartilaginous Jointsa.held together by
cartilaginous tissue
b. no joint cavity
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SynchondrosSynchondroseses •
immovable
• only hyaline cartilage
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SYMPHYSISSYMPHYSIS
VERY limited movement
Hyaline and fibrous cartilage
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B. Structural ClassificationsB. Structural Classifications
3. 3. Synovial joints
a.held together by a synovial capsule
b. Have a joint cavity
c. Includes most joints
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Gliding Gliding JointsJoints •Plane (=
gliding). Opposite bone surfaces are flat or slightly curved.
•Only sliding motion in all directions are allowed.
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Hinge JointsHinge Joints
Convex surface of one bone fits smoothly into concave surface of the second bone .
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Pivot JointsPivot Joints A rounded, pointed or conical surface of one bone is inserted into a ring made partly of another bone and partly of a ligament.
only movement allowed is the rotation of one bone around its own axis
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Ellipsoidal (= condyloid) Ellipsoidal (= condyloid) JointsJoints
Oval-shaped surface fits into an oval-shaped cavity
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Saddle JointsSaddle Joints
First bone's articular surface is concave in one direction and convex in the other while the second bone is just the opposite.
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Ball and Socket JointsBall and Socket Joints
• head fits into a cup-shaped depression
• most freely moving of all joints
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V. Joints (a.k.a. Articulations)C.C.Types of Movement Types of Movement
in Synovial Jointsin Synovial Joints1.1. GlidingGliding• slight movementslight movement • example:
vertebrae2.2.RotationRotation
• Movement around the long axis of limb
• Shoulder joint
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V. Joints (a.k.a. Articulations)C.C.Types of Movement Types of Movement
in Synovial Jointsin Synovial Joints3. Angular
a.a. flexionflexion • decreasing angle
b.b. extensioextensionn• Increasing
angle
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C. Types of Movement in C. Types of Movement in Synovial Synovial JointsJoints
C. Angular a.a. hyperextensionhyperextension • extension beyond
anatomical position
b.b. circumductioncircumduction • limb movement
with limb describing a cone
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V. Joints (a.k.a. Articulations)C.C.Types of Types of
Movement in Movement in Synovial JointsSynovial Joints
3. Angular d. abduction abduction
movement away from midline
e.e. adductionadduction toward midline
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C.C.Types of Movement in Types of Movement in Synovial JointsSynovial Joints4. Rotation
turns right to left
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4. Rotationa.a. pronation
turns wrist so palm is facing dorsally
b.b. supinationsupination palm turned anteriorly
C. Types of Movement in C. Types of Movement in Synovial JointsSynovial Joints
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5. Special Casesa.a. plantar
flexion and dorsiflexion
b.b. dorsiflexiondorsiflexion
C. Types of Movement in C. Types of Movement in Synovial JointsSynovial Joints