joint expo 2012 - michigan water environment association sullivan... · 2012. 2. 13. · joint expo...
TRANSCRIPT
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Joint Expo 2012February 7-8, 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
Tim Sullivan, P.E.
Hubbell, Roth & Clark, Inc.
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Outline
• Pressure
• Hydraulic Energy and Head Losses
• System-Pump Curves
Concepts of hydraulics as they relate
to Operators and Mechanics
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Outline
Good News
Bad News
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Outline
Formulas
&
Math
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Outline
Good News?
No Test
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Outline
Formulas
&
Math
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Pressure
Weight
of
Water
Depth
of
Water
Pressure = x
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Pressure (ft)
2
1 3
40PSI
2
1 3
40PSI
2
1 3
40PSI
1 ft
2 ft
3 ft
1 ft
2 ft
3 ft
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Pressure (in psi)
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Pressure (psi per ft)
2
1 3
40PSI
2
1 3
40PSI
2
1 3
40PSI
2.3 ft
4.6 ft
6.9 ft
1 psi
2 psi
3 psi
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Pressure (psi per ft)
2
1 3
40PSI
2
1 3
40PSI
2
1 3
40PSI
2.3 ft
4.6 ft
6.9 ft
51 psi
52 psi
53 psi
50 psi
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Pressure (Gauge vs Absolute)
psig & psia
psia = psig + 14.7 psi
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Pressure (Gauge vs Absolute)
2
1 3
40PSI
2
1 3
40PSI
2
1 3
40PSI
2.3 ft
4.6 ft
6.9 ft
14.7 psi
15.7 psia
16.7 psia
17.7 psia
Absolute Gauge
1 psig
2 psig
3 psig
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Pressure
Is all pressure positive?
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
0
10
20PSI
-20
-10
Pressure (Suction Lift)
? psi
23 ft
Water Lever
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
0
10
20PSI
-20
-10
Pressure (Suction Lift)
-10 psi
23 ft
Water Lever
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Compound Gauge
0
10
20PSI
-20
-10
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Pressure (Suction Lift)
23 ft
Water Level
0
10
20-20
-10
PSI
-10 psi
23 ft
10 psi0
10
20-20
-10
PSI
Water Level
Total Pressure
developed by pump
= 20 psi
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Pressure (Water(?) Cooler)
1ft
1ft negative
pressure
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Hydraulic Energy
Bernoulli Theorem
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Hydraulic Energy
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Hydraulic Energy
Bernoulli Theorem
• Pressure (ft)
• Velocity (ft)
• Height (ft)
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Pipe Pressure50
25 75
0PSI
100
23 ft
50
25 75
0PSI
100
50 psi
60 psi
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Pipe Pressure - Energy50
25 75
0PSI
100
50
25 75
0PSI
100
50
25 75
0PSI
100
Constant Diameter
50 psi + 23 ft 50 psi + 23 ft
60 psi + 0 ft23 ft
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Pipe Velocity Energy
Kinetic Energy = Velocity Head
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Flow
1
V1
V2 2
50
25 75
0PSI
100
3
V3
50
25 75
0PSI
100?
EGL
HGL
Kinetic
Energy
50
25 75
0PSI
100
Pressure
Energy
Kinetic
Energy
Increase
Pressure
Energy
Decreases
50 psi 50 psi
Pipe Velocity Energy
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Pipe Pressure – Eductor
Very
Fast Flow 1V1 V2 2
50
25 75
0PSI
100
3
V3
50
25 75
0PSI
100?
EGL
HGL
50
25 75
0PSI
100
Kinetic
Energy
Negative Pressure = Vacuum
50 psi 50 psi
Pressure
Energy
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Bernoulli Theorem
“in air”
Air travels over top and bottom
The air over the top travels farther thus faster
The lower air pressure on the top creates lift
Fast Air Velocity
LOWER Air Pressure
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Pipe Pressure - Energy
Real World:
EnergyA = EnergyB + Losses
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Pipe Pressure - Energy50
25 75
0PSI
100
50
25 75
0PSI
100
50
25 75
0PSI
100
No Flow
23 ft
50 psi 50 psi
60 psi
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Pipe Pressure - Energy50
25 75
0PSI
100
50
25 75
0PSI
100
50
25 75
0PSI
100
Some Flow
23 ft
50 psi 50 psi
60 psi58 psi
46 psi
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Pipe Pressure - Energy50
25 75
0PSI
100
50
25 75
0PSI
100
50
25 75
0PSI
100
Lotsa Flow
23 ft
50 psi 50 psi
60 psi55 psi
40 psi
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Pipe Pressure - Energy
Engineers spend a lot of
time with…
HEADLOSS
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Headloss
Minor Losses
Friction Losses
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Minor Loss
Water moving through:
• Valves
• Fittings
• Entrance/Exit
• Reducers
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Major Loss?
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Minor Loss
Values of K:
• 0.2 = Gate Valve
• 0.5 = 90° Bend
• 1.5 = Tee
• 2.0 = Swing Check Valve
• 10.0 = Disk Check Valve
• 70.0 = Ball Check Valve !
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Minor Loss
if K = 23, V = 8 fps, then:
= 23 ft pressure loss
= 10 psi pressure loss
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Friction Loss
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Length & Headloss
Friction Loss
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Diameter & Headloss
Friction Loss
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Friction Loss
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Friction Loss
Diameter & Headloss
?
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Friction Loss
Diameter & Headloss
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Be Careful of True Diameter
12” Ductile Iron 12” HDPE
O.D. = 13.1”
I.D. = 12.2”
O.D. = 13.2”
I.D. = 10.8”
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Although they restricted themselves to one drink
at lunch time, Howard and Tom still found they
were not at their most productive in the
afternoons
Be careful of the diameter of your glass
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Friction Loss + Minor LossK
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Friction Loss + Minor Loss
Is this going
somewhere?
Yep……..System Curve
………then Pump Curve
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
System Curve
2 System Extremes
1. Lift Station
2. Force Main
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
System Curve
Lift Station
• High Static Lift
• Low Losses
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
System Curve – Lift Station
Static
Lift
E
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Static
Lift
System Curve – Lift Station
E
Wet Well Level
High
Low
Min
Static
Lift
Max
Static
Lift
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
System Curve
TDH
(ft)
Flow (gpm)
Min
Static
Lift
1000
Losses
2000
Max
Static
Lift
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
System Curve
Force Main
• Little/no static lift
• High losses
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
System Curve – Lift Station
E
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
System Curve
TDH
Flow (gpm)
Same
Duty
Point
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Pump Curve
TDH
Flow (gpm)
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Pump Curve
TDH
Flow (gpm)
Allowable
Operating
Range
Preferred
Operating
Range
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Pump Efficiency
TDH
Flow (gpm)
BEP
80%70%
60%
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Pump Curve
TDH
Flow (gpm)
BEP
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Pump Curve
TDH
Flow (gpm)
Add Valves
And Pipe
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Pump Curve
TDH
Flow (gpm)
Increase
Diameter
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Variable Frequency Drive (VFD)
TDH
Flow (gpm)
65 Hz
55 Hz
50 Hz45 Hz40 Hz
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Variable Frequency Drive (VFD)
TDH
Flow (gpm)
65 Hz
55 Hz
50 Hz45 Hz40 Hz
BEP
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Variable Frequency Drive (VFD)
TDH
Flow (gpm)
65 Hz
55 Hz
50 Hz45 Hz40 Hz
BEP
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Title?
50
25 75
0PSI
100
50
25 75
0PSI
100
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Title?
50
25 75
0PSI
100
50
25 75
0PSI
10050
25 75
0PSI
100
50
25 75
0PSI
100
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Joint Expo 2012
BASIC HYDRAULICS
February 7-8, 2012
Joint Expo 2013
Open Channel Flow?
IS GOING TO MESS SOMEBODY UP
Questions?
Thank You
Tim Sullivan