joining processes of polymers
DESCRIPTION
JOINING PROCESSES OF PLASTICSTRANSCRIPT
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Joining Processes of Plastics
Ümit TAYFUN
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OutlineWhat is joining processTypes of Plastic Joining Process Hot Plate Laser Welding Ultrasonic Assembly Vibration Welding Spin Welding Mechanical Fastening
Joint Design
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What is Joining Process Materials joining is a group of technologies
that includes welding, brazing, soldering, and adhesive bonding of metals, ceramics, plastics, and composites to themselves and to each other. A complete “understanding of materials joining requires a thorough knowledge of processes, materials, non-destructive evaluation, and design.’’
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Joining MethodsAdhesives and mechanical fastening
are very useful joining techniques, but fusion bonding or welding is particularly suitable since joining times are often very short, enabling high volume production, and the welded parts are readily recycled or incinerated, easing disposal problems.
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Features of Joining Process Joining thermoplastics and thermoplastic composites
involves heating the polymer to a viscous state and physically causing polymer chains to interdiffuse, usually by application of pressure. These processes have several attractive features:
Speed Strong joints Tolerance of contaminated surfaces. Joins difficult substrates, such as polyolefins Improved recyclability or incineration.
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Classification of Joining MethodsWelding by Direct Heating(heated
tool,hotgas,resistance wire,infrared,laser)
Induced heating(induction,fusion)Frictional
heating(ultrasonic,vibration,spin)Solvent WeldingMechanical Fastening
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Heated Tool Welding
Two fixtures press components into a hot moving platen,causing the plastic to melt at the interface
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Hot Plate Welding
Hot plate welding utilizes a temperature controlled heat platen assembly which is introduced between the two parts to be assembled.
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Hot Plate Welding Machine
The ideal assembly solution for medium, contoured, or complex thermoplastic parts. Designed for versatility and easy tooling changeover to accommodate a variety of parts
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Hot gas-extrusion Welding
In hot gas/air and extrusion welding, the weld joint is filled with a partially- or fully-molten polymer, respectively
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Hot Gas WeldingThin
Thermoplastic sheets can be hot gas welded using a joint and a thin strip of welding stock
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Laser Welding
Laser IRAM is based on the idea of passing light/laser radiation through one plastic component and designing the second component to absorb the laser light.
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Laser Welding Machine The laser weld process can
produce visually pleasing joints on parts with complex geometries, both very large and very small. The process is extremely precise and controllable
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Friction Welding In Friction Welding the interface alone is
heated due to mechanical friction caused by one substrare contacting and sliding over another surface.
Ultrasonic WeldingSpin WeldingVibration Welding
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Ultrasonic Welding
Ultrasonic welding utilizes an acoustic tool called a horn to transfer vibratory energy through the part to the joint area, where it is converted to heat through friction that melts the plastic
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Ultrasonic Weldabilities for common Thermoplastics
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Ultrasonic Welding Machine Ultrasonic plastics
assembly is a fast, clean, efficient, and repeatable process that consumes very little energy. No solvents, adhesives, mechanical fasteners, or other consumables are required, and finished assemblies are strong and clean.
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Spin Welding
Spin welding is a process that joins circular thermoplastic parts by bringing the part interfaces together, under pressure, with a circular, spinning motion.
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Joints in Spin WeldingCommon joints
used in Spin Welding Process
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Spin Welding Machine Spin welders use heat
generated by rotational friction at the joint line to weld thermoplastic parts with rotationally symmetric joints. The machine applies pressure axially while rotating one part against its stationary mate, and the resulting friction generates heat that melts the parts together.
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Vibration Welding Vibration or linear
friction welding involves the rubbing of two thermoplastic parts together, under pressure and at a suitable frequency and amplitude, until enough heat is generated to melt and mix the polymer.
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Vibration welding Machine Vibration welding
can join all known thermoplastics including materials with up to 45 percent filler content. Vibration welders can also join many dissimilar materials with compatible melting points, composite materials and fabrics.
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Microwave Welding
Microwave welding is still a technology in a fairly early stage of development. Microwaves have higher frequencies than either induction or RF (dielectric) welding
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Mechanical FastenersA large variety of mechanical fasteners
can be used for joining plastic parts to themselves and to another material
Machine Screws and boltsSelf-threading screwsRivetsSpring fasteners and clips
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Advantages of using self-threading screws
Off-the-shelf availability
Low costHigh Production
ratesMinimum tooling
investment
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Joint Design
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References:www.ewi.orgwww.knovel.comwww.plasticwelders.comwww.specializedassembly.comwww.ultrasonicsforless.com www.branson-plasticsjoin.com www.modernplasticwelding.com.au