john a chapman engineer in time and space 20090315

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THE HUMAN ENGINEER IN TIME AND IN SPACE IN TIME AND IN SPACE *** THE COSMOS THE ULTIMATE LARGESCALE SYSTEM John Chapman, Principal, J.A. Chapman Mining Services White Rock British Columbia Canada Earth Milky Way Galaxy WORKSH0P ON COMPLEXITIES OF LARGESCALE SYSTEMS White Rock, British Columbia, Canada, Earth, Milky Way Galaxy WORKSH0P ON COMPLEXITIES OF LARGE SCALE SYSTEMS FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA MARCH 17, 2009 VANCOUVER BRITISH COLUMBIA CANADA VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA

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Page 1: John A Chapman engineer in time and space 20090315

THE HUMAN ENGINEER IN TIME AND IN SPACEIN TIME AND IN SPACE

***THE COSMOS 

THE ULTIMATE LARGE‐SCALE SYSTEM

John Chapman, Principal, J.A. Chapman Mining ServicesWhite Rock British Columbia Canada Earth Milky Way Galaxy

WORKSH0P ON COMPLEXITIES OF LARGE‐SCALE SYSTEMS

White Rock, British Columbia, Canada, Earth, Milky Way Galaxy

WORKSH0P ON COMPLEXITIES OF LARGE SCALE SYSTEMSFACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE

UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIAMARCH 17, 2009

VANCOUVER BRITISH COLUMBIA CANADAVANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA 

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OUR UNIVERSESTARBURST GALAXY (M82) NASA HUBBLE

AGE OF UNIVERSE BASED UPON CURRENT THEORY & OBSERVATION IS 13.7 BILLION YEARS

EARTH’S HUMAN TIME IN THE UNIVERSE IS ~200,000 YEARS (14.5 PPM)

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EAGLE NUBULA (M16)

BIRTH OF SOLAR SYSTEMS( )

Newborn stars emerging fromevaporating gaseous globulesin a vast cloud of molecularhydrogen.

Hubble Image1995Hubble

Launched 1990Repaired 1993

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Lifetime of StarsLifetime of Stars

Cosmic AbundanceCosmic Abundance

English Edition 1998

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OUR SOLAR SYSTEM

wikipedia

IN‐CORE FUSION OF HYDROGEN TO HELIUM (E=MC2)

AGE OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM BASED UPON CURRENT OBSERVATION IS 4.5 BILLION YEARSEARTH’S HUMAN TIME IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM IS ~200,000 YEARS (44.4 PPM)

wikipedia

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CHARLES DARWIN (1809 – 1882)CHARLES DARWIN (1809 – 1882)

ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES, 1859

HUMANS LIKE ALL ANIMALS ARE “DRIVEN”HUMANS LIKE ALL ANIMALS ARE “DRIVEN”

TO SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE

ANY HUMAN MADE RULES OR REGULATIONSANY HUMAN‐MADE RULES OR REGULATIONS 

THAT GO COUNTER TO THESE BASIC INSTINCTS 

ARE DOOMED TO FAILURE

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WHAT DEFINES HUMANS( f ll h k )(refer to William Shakespeare)

WHAT DEFINES SOCIETYWHAT DEFINES SOCIETY• RELIGION (superstition, supernatural)

• GOVERNMENT (politics)

• SCIENCE (rational understanding of cause and effect)( g )

• ENVIRONMENTAL NGOs (nihilistic, malthusian, anarchistic)

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Dr. Dixy Lee Ray's Book:  Environmental Overkill

"A democracy cannot survive as a permanent form of government. It can last only until its citizens discover they can vote themselves largesse from the public treasury. From that moment on, the majority (who vote) will vote for the candidates promising the greatest benefits from the public purse, with the result that a democracy will always collapse from loose fiscal policies, always followed by a dictatorship.

The average age of the world's greatest democratic nations has been 200 years. Each has been th h th f ll ithrough the following sequence:

From bondage to spiritual faith

From faith to great courage

From courage to liberty

From liberty to abundance

F b d t lFrom abundance to complacency

From complacency to selfishness

From selfishness to apathy

From apathy to dependency

And from dependency back again into bondage"

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TODAYA POSSIBLE TURNING POINT

Carl Sagan’s Cosmos ‐ Travels in Space and Time (Episode 8), 1989.

“Those worlds in space are as countless as all the grains of sands on all the beaches of the earth ‐ and each of those worlds is as real as ours.  In every one 

of them there is a succession of incidences, events, occurrences which influence its future ‐ countless worlds, numberless moments, an immensity of space and time.  Here on our small planet at this moment we face a critical branch point in history.  What we do with our world right now will propagate 

d h h h d f ll ff h d fdown through the centuries and powerfully affect the destiny of our descendants.  It is well within our power to destroy our civilization and perhaps our species as well.  If we capitulate to superstition or greed, or stupidity, we can plunge our world into a darkness deeper than the time between thecan plunge our world into a darkness deeper than the time between the 

collapse of classical civilization and the Italian Renaissance.  But we are also capable of using our compassion and our intelligence, our technology and our wealth to make an abundant and meaningful life for every inhabitant of thiswealth, to make an abundant and meaningful life for every inhabitant of this planet ‐ to enhance enormously our understanding of the universe and carry us 

to the stars.”

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COMET SHOEMAKER-LEVY IMPACTING JUPITERJULY 16, 1994 (JUPITER’S DIAMETER IS 11.2 X EARTH’S)

NASA

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THE CHALLENGETHE CHALLENGEDUNCAN STEEL – TARGET EARTH

• Humans cannot survive as a single planet species as evidenced in the Earth’s fossil record of mass extinctions of life caused mainly by comet/asteroidextinctions of life caused mainly by comet/asteroid impacts and super‐volcanic eruptions

• Humans have a genetic “wiring” that drivesHumans have a genetic  wiring  that drives exploration (risk) for discovery of new places and things (reward) – the earth no longer holds the 

l i i l h d d d bexploration potential nor the rewards needed by society – it is time to move onto the rest of the Solar SystemSolar System

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SPACE DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES

• SAVE HUMAN SPECIES FROM EXTINCTIONSAVE HUMAN SPECIES FROM EXTINCTION• OPTICAL AND RADIO COMMUNICATIONS • MULTI & HYPER SPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING• GPS AND OTHER POSITIONING SYSTEMS• GPS AND OTHER POSITIONING SYSTEMS• HELIUM THREE FUSION RESOURCE• SOLAR POWER BEAMING• SERVICING HIGH‐ALTITUDE SATELLITES • ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS• REPOSITORY OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE• REPOSITORY OF BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES • TRACKING OF NEOs• NEO DEFLECTION• NEO DEFLECTION• GENERAL ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

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BCIT “RETURN TO THE MOON” EVENT, APRIL 19, 2008

THOMAS JONES, PhD, ASTRONAUT & SPACE SCIENTIST

SELECT VIDEO CLIPS FROM 30 MINUTE PRESENTATION

CLIP: “IMPACT EARTH – ASTERIOD & COMET DANGER”

SEE: WWWBCIT CA/RETURNTOTHEMOONSEE:  WWW.BCIT.CA/RETURNTOTHEMOON 

Thomas Jones, EVA2

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ASTERIOD IMPACT

DIAMETER: 1000m

VELOCITY 20km/s

Earth Impact Effects ProgramR. Marcus, H. Melosh, G. Collins

www.lpl.arizona.edu/~marcus/crater2.html/

DENSITY 2700kg/m3

IMPACT ANGLE  90d

ENERGY 2 83 X1020 JoulesENERGY 2.83 X1020 Joules

6.75 x 104 MT TNT

CRATER 17.1km Diameter

SIESMIC 7 8 Richter

r 100km

SIESMIC  7.8 Richter

IMPACT EFFECTS @ 100km

RADIANT FLUX  72.6 x Sunr = 100km

200k

EJECTA DIAMETER 11cm

EJECTA THICKNESS 20.4cm

WIND 178m/s (399mph)r = 200km

IMPACT EFFECTS @ 200km

RADIANT FLUX  13.7 x Sun

EJECTA DIAMETER 1 8cmEJECTA DIAMETER 1.8cm

EJECTA THICKNESS 2.6cm

WIND 59m/s (131mph)

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ASTERIOD IMPACT

DIAMETER: 3000m

VELOCITY 20km/s

Earth Impact Effects ProgramR. Marcus, H. Melosh, G. Collins

www.lpl.arizona.edu/~marcus/crater2.html/

DENSITY 2700kg/m3

IMPACT ANGLE  90d

ENERGY 7 63 X1021 JoulesENERGY 7.63 X1021 Joules

1.82 x 106 MT TNT

CRATER 45.0km Diameter

SIESMIC 8 8 Richter

r 100km

SIESMIC  8.8 Richter

IMPACT EFFECTS @ 100km

RADIANT FLUX  693 x Sunr = 100km

200k

EJECTA DIAMETER 30cm

EJECTA THICKNESS 6.31m

WIND 801m/s (1790mph)r = 200km

IMPACT EFFECTS @ 200km

RADIANT FLUX  160 x Sun

EJECTA DIAMETER 4 8cmEJECTA DIAMETER 4.8cm

EJECTA THICKNESS 79cm

WIND 326m/s (728mph)

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THE MOST ENGINEERING AND ENGINEER INTENSIVE INDUSTRY

SPACE EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT

Launch Complex 39 with the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) and Saturn V being transported to the launch pad.

Saturn V Launch(7.5M lb thrust)Kennedy Space CenterKennedy Space CenterUSA

NASA

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KENNEDY SPACE CENTER

SHUTTLE ON PAD 3

NASA

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CONSTELLATION PROGRAMAres V: Heavy-Lift Launch VehicleAres I: Crew Launch Vehicle

SATURN V: 111 m long, 2.9M kg launch mass,33.6M N launch thrust,129K kg to LEO, 49K kg to Moon

ARES: 109 m long (V) 3 7M kg launch mass (V+I)ARES: 109 m long (V), 3.7M kg launch mass (V+I)53.3M N launch thrust (V+I)148k kg to LEO, 64.8k kg to Moon

Specific Impulse: solid boosters ~265 s (vac)liquid hydrogen/oxygen ~450 s (vac)

NASA

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NASAASSEMBLY OF SPACECRAFT IN EARTH ORBIT

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LOWERING SPACE ACCESS COSTS

NASA: HYPER‐X

LOWERING SPACE ACCESS COSTS

SCALED COMPOSITES, LLC: WHITE KNIGHT ONE &  SPACESHIPONE

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NUCLEAR ENERGY USE IN SPACE( f d )(importance of energy density)

A URANIUM DIOXIDE FUEL PELLET ‐ SHADOW IS ~3 SQUARE CENTIMETERS.

HOW MANY DAYS OR YEARS WOULD THE SUN NEED TO SHINE ON THE SHADOW

AREA, AT ARIZONA USA SOLAR INTENSITY, 12 HOURS PER DAY, TO EQUAL THE 

FISSILE ENERGY IN THE FUEL PELLET?

THE ANSWER IS 951,000 YEARS.

(from Chuck Edwards, Cameco Corporation, 2003)

THE USE OF NUCLEAR HIGH‐TEMPERATURE GAS REACTORS IN SPACETHE USE OF NUCLEAR HIGH‐TEMPERATURE GAS REACTORS IN SPACE FOR ROCKETS, HABITATION AND INDUSTRY IS ESSENTIAL IF SPACE DEVELOPMENT IS TO BE SUCCESSFUL (LOWEST POSSIBLE COST AND 

)LEAST TECHNICAL RISK)

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BCIT “RETURN TO THE MOON” EVENT, APRIL 19, 2008BCIT  RETURN TO THE MOON  EVENT, APRIL 19, 2008

HARRISON SCHMITT, PhD, ASTRONAUT & SCIENTIST

SELECT VIDEO CLIPS FROM 30 MINUTE PRESENTATION

CLIP: “HELIUM THREE FUSION – LUNAR SOURCE”

SEE:  WWW.BCIT.CA/RETURNTOTHEMOON 

Harrison Schmitt, Apollo 17 

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MARK ELOWITZ

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“WE CANNOT PROVE THAT THOSE ARE IN ERROR WHO

TELL US THAT SOCIETY HAS REACHED A TURNING POINT,

THAT WE HAVE SEEN OUR BEST DAYS.  BUT SO SAID ALL

BEFORE US, AND WITH JUST AS MUCH APPARENT REASON.

ON WHAT PRINCIPLE IS IT THAT, WHEN WE SEE NOTHING

BUT IMPROVEMENT BEHIND US WE ARE ABLE TO EXPECTBUT IMPROVEMENT BEHIND US, WE ARE ABLE TO EXPECT 

NOTHING BUT DETERIORATION BEFORE US?”

LORD THOMAS B MACAULAY 1830LORD THOMAS B. MACAULAY, 1830

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"Far better it is to dare mighty things, to win glorious triumphs, even though checkered by failure, than to take rank with those poor spirits who neither enjoy nor suffer much, because they live in that gray twilight that knows no victory nor defeat." Theodore 

Roosevelt

"People must be focused on a challenge, that solving, gives pride and pleasure – this “fl ” b i h h f i hi h i d i i d f ll (“flow” banishes the state of entropy into which unoccupied spirits tend to fall.  (Entropy: The degradation of the matter and energy in the Universe to an ultimate state of inert 

uniformity)." Anon

"It is better to light a candle than to curse the darkness " Anon"It is better to light a candle than to curse the darkness." Anon

"Failure is never so frightening as regret." Anon

"All that is necessary for evil to triumph is for good men to do nothing " Edmond BurkeAll that is necessary for evil to triumph is for good men to do nothing. Edmond Burke

"Truth and technology will triumph over bullshit and bureaucracy." Rene Anselmo (space pioneer)

"Accept the challenges, so you may feel the exhilaration of victory." Gen. George S. Patton

"Obstacles cannot crush me. Every obstacle yields to stern resolve." Leonardo da Vinci

“If you do it when you need it, it’s too late – you missed the boat.” Wernher von Braun

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HOW ARE WE ENGINEERS DOING?HOW ARE WE ENGINEERS DOING?• It was good during the Classic Egyptian, Greek and Roman periodsp

• It was terrible during the Dark Ages • It got better during the Renaissance• The past 100 years have been amazing!• Many new exciting challenges and opportunities are available now, on earth and in space – embrace them and keep up the good work, as humanity needs engineers in order to maintain a modern andneeds engineers in order to maintain a modern and advancing life‐style and to survive as a species

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BCIT “RETURN TO THE MOON” EVENT, APRIL 19, 2008BCIT  RETURN TO THE MOON  EVENT, APRIL 19, 2008

ROBERT RICHARDS, PhD, SPACE SCIENTIST

SELECT VIDEO CLIPS FROM 30 MINUTE PRESENTATION

“COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF SPACE”

SEE:  WWW.BCIT.CA/RETURNTOTHEMOON 

OPTECH LIDAR ON PHOENIX MARS LANDER