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SWOSSatellite-based WetlandObservation Service

WHY FOCUS ON WETLANDS?

Wetlands are hot spots of biodiversityand provide us with invaluableecosystem services including fresh-water supply, hydrological buffering against floods and droughts and climate regulation through carbon storage.

Wetlands are also one of the fastest declining ecosystem types worldwideand the threats against them continueto increase. Information on the locationof wetlands, their ecological characterand their services is often sparseand difficult to find or access. The resultis a limited coverage of wetlands inpolicies and management practices.

WHAT IS THE SWOS?

The Satellite-based WetlandOberservation Service is a Horizon 2020 project funded by the European Commission. To assist wetland practitioners (managers, policy-makers, scientists) with wetland monitoring and with repor-ting obligations for environmental policy implementation at different scales

SWOS will:Deliver mapping products and indicators derived from Earth Observation data to-gether with training and capacity building.

Promote and improve the integrationof wetlands across sectoral policies.

Contribute to the development of a Global Wetland Observation System which will support monitoring of the Sustainable Development Goals for both water and biodiversity.

Inform the development of wetland conservation and restoration measureswith a focus on maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services.

Earth Observation for Wetlands – SWOS aims to develop a monitoring and information service for wetland ecosystems that complements the MAES process and supports the consideration of wetlands in the implementation of key policy areas.

OVERVIEW

SWOS MAPPING PRODUCTS:

� Inventory and Delineation� Land Use Land Cover and Changes� Surface Water Dynamics� Soil Moisture� Water Quality� Surface Temperature etc.

THE SWOS PROJECT TEAM

The SWOS project team providesa unique partnership– of Universities for the implementation of latest scientific result,– of industry for the technical implementation of defined methodologiesand infrastructure,– and of user organizations workingat different levels (from local to global) for the development of the service according to user needs. More than 20 additional user organi-zations in Europe, Africa and Asia work together with the project team to support the service development and validation.is a limited coverage of wetlands in

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Land Use Land Cover (LULC) time series (1975-1990-2005) based on Landsat MSS/TM along the river Jordan in Jordan – yellow color: increase of irrigated agriculture

Multi-temporal color composite of Sentinel-1 radar data of the Azraq Oasis in Jordan 2015 (April, November, December). The different colors reveal duration and time of surface water occurrence and vegetation, e.g. Blue color indicates inundation in November/December, but not in April. (©Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel 1 data 2015)

Water Quality example of Greek, Albanian and Macedonian lakes (Envisat MERIS, August 2011). Red color represents a very high chlorophyll content, blue color: no chlorophyll

Maps and Indicators production

Training / Capavity / Building

Software delivery

Portal (Middleware / Data broker /Clients)

Service components

Delineation of potential wetland areas in the Oued Sebou catchment, Morocco, Background imageGoogle Earth, Landsat 2015, Red color indicates high probability for wetlands, blue low probability

SWOS SERVICE COMPONENTS:

SWOS will demonstrate the service components via Multilevel Service Cases

Service demonstration viaMultilevel Service cases

SWOS Satellite-based Wetland Observation Service

SWOS provides auser-friendly monitoring and information servicefor wetland managersand stakeholders including GEOtools.

SWOS GEOTOOLS

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GEOclassifier //Remote sensing toolbox for wetland mapping and indicator production. Available as standalone version (GUI & command line) and integrated in external software e.g. ArcGIS, QGIS.

Easy integration of local knowledge for supervised classification and interpretation, new and updated nomenclatures.

Functions- EO data pre-processing (Optical + SAR)- Map product generation- Indicator calculation- Use GEOportal online services

From maps to indicatorsWetland Indicators based on map products, e.g.:- Change in wetland area- Inundation of the ecosystem- Change in wetland area due to urbanization and agriculture- Status and trends of wetland threats, etc.

GEOportal //The SWOS GEOportal provides a unique entry point to locate, access andconnect existing information, databases on wetlands and remote sensing data catalogues. It allows on-demand processing, e.g. the creation of map products and the calculation of wetland indicators.

Land Use Land Cover Mapping in the SWOS test site National Park of East Macedonia and Thrace (©Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel 2 data 2015)

A KNOWLEDGE HUB FOR WETLANDS:

Mobile Application

Software Toolbox

Mobile Application

Software Toolbox

GEOportal

From Satellite images to Maps


NOMENCLATURES

How to classify lagoons, coastal wetlands and estuaries: Wetland ecosystem types that can be found in or alongside the boundaries of coastal wetlands, lagoons and estuarine ecosystems: beaches and dunes, riparian forests, riverine and fen scrubs, wet meadows or pastures, wet heaths. Coastal wetlands, lagoons, river estuaries and estuarine waters of deltas are bounded by marine and by riverine ecosystems. As such these ecosystems receive both freshwater and tidal water inflows. Coastal wetlands include marshes with or without reeds, salines and intertidal flats. Knowledge on water permanency and

Guidelines, how to apply nomenclaturesExample: MAES typology for wetlands

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inundation requires monthly or seasonal image time series for a period of 6 to 10 years. Coastal waters are considered to have water throughout the years.

How to classify Inland Wetlands:Inland wetlands include: inland fresh-water and saline marshes, peatlands and bogs, riparian forests and swamps, managed wet meadows, natural wet grasslands, wet heaths, riverine and fen scrubs as well as small ponds below 0.5 ha. Inland wetlands are located at the boundaries of water courses and bodies or are found isolated at the margins of other terrestrial ecosystems, often nearby a

groundwater aquifer. They can be found far or nearby the coast. Some inland wetlands can be permanently flooded and others are flooded only for short periods or even water is totally absent but the water table is well high and close to the soil surface.

How to classify rivers and lakes(natural and artificial): Ecosystem types that can be found in or alongside, at the boundaries of Rivers and Lakes: riparian forests, riverine and fen scrubs, marshes with reeds or without reeds, wet meadows or pastures, river banks and littoral zone of lakes.

Stymfalia Lake, South Greece

All Photos: Ekby

Background Image Google Earth, Digital Globe 2016

8.1.1.1 Salt marshes without reeds, Seasonal \ intermittently flooded

9.2.1.1 Natural permanent permanent water bodies (over 0.5 ha)

3.1.1.1 Riparian and fluvial broadleaved forest

7.1.1.1 Inland freshwater marshes 7.1.1.1 Inland freshwater marshes without reeds & helophytes

9.2.1.2 Natural seasonal / intermittent water bodies ATTRIBUTE: Dominated by aquatic bed

Kerkini Lake, Greek Ramsar, Site in Northern Greece

The Ramsar Site and NATIONAL PARK of Eastern Makedonia and Thrace, Greece

8.1.1.2 Salt marshes with reeds

8.1.1.1 Salt marshes without reeds

8.2.1 Coastal lagoons

6.2.1.2 Dunes

8.1.1.1 Salt marshes without reeds, Seasonal \ intermittently flooded

6.2.1.1 Beaches


The Radar perspective: SAR-based monitoring of inundation (Camargue, France, ©Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel 1 data 2015)

SATELLITE IMAGES

SATELLITE DATA TO BE USED:

§ Sentinel-1 // Identification of water (inundated areas), Information on soil moisture

§ Sentinel-2 // Land monitoring (such as LULC), Inland water monitoring

§ Sentinel-3 // Sea and land surface temperature, Water colour, Topography measurements over rivers and lakes

§ Landsat 1…7 // Historical land and inland water monitoring back to 1970s

§ Landsat 8 // Land monitoring (such as LULC), Inland water monitoring, Land Surface Temperature

§ Envisat MERIS // Water Quality (historical 2002 – 2011)

§ MODIS // Land and sea surface temperature, Water/Ocean color & Phytoplankton, Wide swath for large-scale

Sentinel-1 multi-temporal composite Sentinel-1 multi-temporal composite (SD/ Median/ CV of 25 scenes in 2015)

Sentinel-1 derived number of inundations Sentinel-1 derived number of inundations in 2015

Satellite images and their potential for wetland monitoring

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The long term temporal perspective: Monitoring of long term changes / decreasing water table (Dead Sea, Jordan/Israel)

The short term temporal perspective: Monitoring of short term changes / wetland characteristics (Azraq Oasis, Jordan, ©Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel 2 data 2015/16)

The daily large-scale perspective: large scale monitoring of all the SWOS test sites in one country (Greece)

1972 (Landsat MSS)

1988 (Landsat TM)

2005 (Landsat TM)

21.09.2015 (Landsat-8)

25.12.2015 (Sentinel-2)

14.01.2016 (Sentinel-2)

14.09.2015 MODIS SWOS sites in Greece




How does SWOS support users in a specific policy context?

TRANSBOUNDARY MANAGEMENT (Skadarsko Jezero/Liqeni i Shkodrës, Montenegro / Albania, Source of the background image EsriWorld Imagery, SPOT)

Transboundary management and monitoring and establishment of atrans-boundary Ramsar site ( & Biosphere Reserve) Skadar Lake.

POLICY CONTEXTJoint Strategic Action Plan Big Win 2 (Dinaric Arc) Ramsar ConventionWater Framework Directive

USERSPublic Enterprise National Parksof Montenegro National Agency of ProtectedAreas of Albania

INFORMATION NEEDS &SWOS PRODUCTSDetect seasonally flooded areas and river fragmentationDetect potential wetland areasAssess water quality

USER CONTEXT

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EXAMPLE 1 // EXAMPLE 2 //

Photo: UMA Photos: UMA

ECOSYSTEM SERVICE ASSESSMENT: Regulation of floods (National Park in Eastern Makedonia and Thrace, Greece)

Mapping tree cover densities as ecosystem service indicator for flood protection.

POLICY CONTEXTNational Biodiversity Law: National Park EU Habitat Directive: NATURA 2000 sitesRamsar Convention: Rasmar site

USERSManagement Body of the Ramsar site

INFORMATION NEEDS &SWOS PRODUCTSLand Use/Land Cover and Changes Ramsar types, MAES typologySurface water dynamicsWetland Inventory / Delineation Ramsar and MWO Indicators

DELINEATION AND RESTORATION (Fuente de Piedra, Spain)

Define restoration measures in management plans and set priorities to restore and promote the use of green infrastructure. Define compensatory measures for Natura 2000 sites.

POLICY CONTEXTEU Biodiversity Strategy 2020 (2011)Habitat Directive (1992)Andalusian Wetland Plan (2002)Local Management Plan (2013)

USERSNatural Reserve “Laguna Fuente de Piedra”Andalusian Environmental Information NetworkRegional Ministry for Environment

INFORMATION NEEDS &SWOS PRODUCTSDetect seasonally flooded areasDetect elevated soil moisture areasDetect potential wetland areas Maps of different tree cover densities support the

restoration management for flood protection in the national park.

EXAMPLE 3 //

Photo: Ekby

Broadleaved forest(tree cover < 30%)

Broadleaved forest(tree cover > 80%)


All rights reserved, Copyright 2015 Jena-Optronik GmbH. All texts, images, graphics, are subject to copyright and other legislation regarding the protection of intellectual property. The proprietary content of third parties is indicated accordingly. Satellite images are the copyright of the satellite providers, in particular USGS for Landsat / ESA for Landsat, ENVISAT, ERS, Sentinel-2.

PUBLISHED BY Jena-Optronik GmbH

Otto-Eppenstein-Straße 3, 07745 Jena, GermanyPhone: +49 (3641) 200160E-mail: [email protected] | www.swos-service.eu

SWOSSatellite-based WetlandObservation Service

under grant agreement No 642088. The content of this brochure is the sole responsibility of SWOS Consortium and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union.

This project has received funding from the European Union‘s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme

SWOS project team partners - 6 user organisations / NGOs, 3 universities and 4 companies.

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