jkaph vkSj gtkjhckx esa lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij

efgyk fojksèkh fgalk dk vè;;u] >kj[kaM

lkjka”k 2016

;g la;qDr v/;;u vksd Q+kmaMs”ku ds lg;ksx ls tkxksjh] U;q dkWUlsIV bUQ+kWjes”ku flLVEl o ls¶+Vh fiu )kjk baLVhV~;wV QkWj VªkaliksVZs”ku ,.M MsoysiesaV ikWfylh ¼vkbZVhMhih½] l`tu QkmaMs”ku] izsj.kk Hkkjrh] ,dy ukjh l”kfDr laxBu ¼bZ,u,l,l½] efgyk eqfDr laLFkku] iznku] czsdFkwz] efgyk lkek[;k] efgyk vnkyr dh izfrfufèk] ?kjsyw dkexkjksa o efgyk ;kSu dehZ lewg dh lgHkkfxrk ls fd;k x;k gSA

izdk”kd

tkxksjh

lhfer forj.k ds fy,

vizSy 2016

fo"k; lwph

vkHkkj

Hkkx 1 % Hkwfedk 1

Hkkx 2 % eq[; urhts % ikfjokfjd losZ{k.k 6

Hkkx 3 % eq[; urhts % fo’k; dsafnzr lkewfgd ppkZ, ¼Qksdl xqzi fMLd”kUl½ 15

Hkkx 4 % eq[; lwpuknkrkvksa ds lk{kkRdkj 24

Hkkx 5 % eq[; urhts % ls¶Vh vkWfMV 25

Hkkx 6 % eq[; fu’d’kZ 34

Hkkx 7 % flQkfj”ksa 37

layXud 41

vkHkkj

bl ifj;kstuk esa fofHkUu izdkj ls viuk egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku nsus ds fy, ge bu lkfFk;ksa vkSj lk>hnkjksa dk rgsfny ls “kqfØ;k vnk djrs gSa %

& vksd QkmaMs”ku ,oa ikWjksferk pkSèkjh ¼izksxzke vkWfQlj½ dk èkU;okn ftUgksaus egRoiw.kZ lgk;rk nhA

& tkxksjh Vhe % lquhrk èkj ¼fnlacj 2015 rd funs”kd rFkk ifj;kstuk dh la;kstd½( xhrk ukfEclu ¼lgfuns”kd] rFkk tuojh 2016 ls funs”kd½( MkW- dYiuk fo”oukFk ¼lykgdkj] “kksèk½( izHkyhu VqVstk ¼flracj 2015 rd ifj;kstuk la;kstd½( MfLVu fLeFk ¼,vkbZ,Q QSyks( “kksèk lg;ksx ,oa nLrkosthdj.k½( Ñfr “kekZ] eèkq ckyk] izoh.kk vkuan ,oa lfjrk cyksuh ¼MsVk laxzg½( vuqfiz;k ?kks’k ¼dalYVsaV½ rFkk egkohj flga ¼fMt+kbu vkSj ysvkmV½A

& MkW- izhr #Lrxh vkSj MkW- js.kq vny[kk ¼”kksèk lykgdkj lfefr ds lnL;½A

“kksèk lk>hnkj % U;w dkWUlsIV bUQkWesZ”ku flLVEl ¼ikfjokfjd losZ{k.k½ rFkk ls¶Vhfiu ¼fMftVy MsVk laxzg½A

“kksèk dh izfØ;k esa ;ksxnku nsus okys laxBu % baLVhV~;wV QkWj VªkaliksVZs”ku ,.M MsoysiesaV ikWfylh ¼vkbZVhMhih½] l`tu QkmaMs”ku] izsj.kk Hkkjrh] ,dy ukjh l”kfDr laxBu ¼bZ,u,l,l½] efgyk eqfDr laLFkku] iznku] czsdFkwz] efgyk lkek[;k] efgyk vnkyr dh izfrfufèk] ?kjsyw dkexkjksa o efgyk ;kSu dehZ lewgA

eq[; yksx ftuds lk{kkRdkj fy, x, % vkjrh csgjk] vijkftrk] csyenuk iwfrZ] MkW- fcUuh vktkn] nhfidk izlkn] fnus”k lksuh] xqfM+;k] fd”kksj ds ea=h] egqvk ek>h] jktJh] jksts+fy;k] fLerk xqIrk] lat; JhokLro ,oa fo|korhA

ve`rk uanh ftUgksaus MkW- dYiuk fo”oukFk ,oa lquhrk èkj ds lq>koksa dk lekos”k djrs gq, ;g fjiksVZ fy[khA

17 Qjojh 2016 dks jkaph esa vk;ksftr ,d ea=.kk esa bl “kks/k ds urhtksa dks v/;;u esa ço`Ùk vkSj vU; lqjf{kr “kgjksa esa lfØ; lk>hnkjksa ds lewgksa ds le{k çLrqr fd;k x;kA ea=.kk ds nkSjku çkIr çfrfØ;kvksa dks bl fjiksVZ esa “kkfey fd;k x;k gSA ¼vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy, lyaXud ns[ksa½A

tkxksjh

20 Qjojh 2016

1

Hkwfedk

>kj[kaM] lanHkZ;g “kksèk ns”k ds lcls u, jkT;ksa esa ls ,d >kj[kaM esa fd;k x;k gSA ;g ,d fodkl”khy jkT; gSA bldh vkcknh 3-3 djksM+1 gS vkSj jkT; esa dqy 24 ftys gSaA jkT; dh vkcknh esa 28 izfr”kr fgLlk tutkfr;ksa dk vkSj 12 izfr”kr fgLlk vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa dk gSA iw.kZ jkT; dk ntkZ feyus ds ckn ls gh >kj[kaM esa cqfu;knh <kaps vkSj lkekftd fodkl ladsrdksa ds en esa mYys[kuh; izxfr gqbZ gS exj vHkh Hkh cgqr dqN djuk ckdh gS] [kklrkSj ls lkekftd fodkl ds Lrj ijA mnkgj.k ds fy,] jkT; esa fyax vuqikr izfr 1]000 iq#’kksa ij dsoy 948 efgyka, gS ¼2011 dh tux.kuk½A ;|fi jkT; dh lk{kjrk nj c<+dj 67-63 izfr”kr gks xbZ gS exj efgykvksa dh lk{kjrk nj ¼56-21 izfr”kr½ iq#’kksa dh lk{kjrk nj ¼78-45 izfr”kr½ ls vHkh Hkh cgqr ihNs gSA 2007&2008 esa >kj[kaM dk ekuo fodkl lwpdkad 0-376 Fkk ¼tcfd jk’Vªh; lwpdkad 0-467 gS½2 vkSj 2006 esa mldk tsaMj fodkl lwpdkad 0-558 ¼jk’Vªh; lwpdkad 0-590½ FkkA

jkT; dh 10 izfr”kr ls T+;knk vkcknh dks “kgjh vkcknh dk ntkZ fn;k x;k gSA bl vkèkkj ij ;g Hkkjr ds lcls xzkeh.k pfj= okys jkT;ksa esa ls ,d gSA3 jkaph vkSj te”ksniqj blds nks izeq[k “kgj gSa tcfd èkuckn&>fj;k&flanjh vkSj cksdkjks&pkl blds eq[; “kgjh DyLVj gSaA >kj[kaM vius foiqy [kfut HkaMkjksa ds fy, fo[;kr gS vkSj QyLo:i ;gka ,d vPNh&[kklh vkS|ksfxd iêh Hkh ekStwn gSA blh dkj.k] chrs lkyksa ds nkSjku ;gka cM+h la[;k esa izoklh vkdj cls gSa tks csgrj laHkkoukvksa dh ryk”k esa >kj[kaM vk, gSaA mudh ekStwnxh ls u dsoy “kgjksa vkSj dLcksa ds fodkl dks c<+kok feyk gS cfYd jkT; dk tulkaf[;dh; Lo:i Hkh cny x;k gSA rsth ls cnyrs LFkku ij tks reke iz”kklfud fpark,a vkSj lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd mFky&iqFky iSnk gksrh gS] mlds pyrs efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;ksa ds fo#) gksus okys vijkèkksa] [k+klrkSj ls lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;ksa ds lkFk gksus okyh ;kSu fgalk esa btkQ+k ,d eq[; ?kVukØe gSA

efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;ksa ds fo#) fgalk % dqN vkadM+s

jk’Vªh; vijkèk fjdkWM~lZ C;wjks ¼,ulhvkjch½ ds eqrkfcd] 2001 ls 2013 ds chp efgykvksa ds fo#) gksus okys vijkèkksa dh nj esa cgqr rhoz c<+ksrjh ¼211-71 izfr”kr½ gqbZ gSA jkT; dh jktèkkuh vkSj lcls vfèkd vkcknh okyk ftyk gksus ds ukrs jkaph esa efgykvksa ds fo#) lcls T+;knk vijkèk ntZ fd, x, gSaA >kj[kaM iqfyl }kjk tkjh fd, x, MsVk ds vuqlkj4] jkaph ls lVs vU; ftyksa & gtkjhckx] xqeyk vkSj [kqaVh & esa Hkh ngst gR;k] ?kjsyw fgalk] cykRdkj vkSj ;kSu mRihM+u tSls vijkèkksa ds lkFk&lkFk ^Mk;uksa* dks ekjus dh ?kVuk,a Hkh dkQ+h cM+h la[;k esa ntZ dh xbZ gSaA

Hkkx 1

1- tux.kuk 2011; http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/jharkhand.html.

2- lzksr : http://www.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/jharkhand_factsheet.pdf ¼bafM;k áweu MsoyiesaV fjiksVZ 2011] vkbZ,,evkj rFkk ;kstuk vk;ksx½( tsaMfjax áweu MsoyiesaV bafMlst+ % tsaMfjax áweu MsoyiesaV bafMlst+ % jhdkfLVax fn tsaMj MsoyiesaV baMsDl ,s.M tsaMj ,EikojesaV est+lZ QkWj bafM;k] efgyk ,oa cky fodkl ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkjA http:// undp.org. in/ sites/default/files/GDI_and_GEM_Report.pdf

3- ,ulkbDyksihfM;k fczVsfudk : URL:http://www.britannica.com/place/Jharkhand

4- >kj[kaM iqfyl % URL:http://jhpolice.gov.in/

2

uhps nh xbZ rkfydk ls >kj[kaM esa efgyk fojksèkh fgalk esa btkQs+ dk vanktk yxk;k tk ldrk gSA

lzksr% ,ulhvkjch

*tc vU; Jsf.k;ksa ds varxZr vkus okys vijkèkksa dks Hkh “kkfey fd;k tkrk gS rks ;g la[;k c<+dj 5]972 gks tkrh gSA

xkSj djus dh ckr ;g gS fd bl rkfydk esa 2013 ds eqdkcys 2014 esa vijkèkksa dh fjiksfV±x de fn[kk;h nsrh gSA ;gka gesa bl ckr ij xkSj djuk gksxk fd 2013 vkSj 2014 ds chp efgykvksa ds f[k+ykQ+ gq, geyksa esa fxjkoV fn[kk;h nsrh gS exj viekuiw.kZ O;ogkj ds vkadM+ksa esa dksbZ cnyko ugha gSA ;g bl ckr dks n”kkZrk gS fd ;kSu mRihM+u@fgalk ds lacaèk esa d+kuwu esa tks la”kksèku fd, x, gSa muds ckjs esa efgykvksa ds ikl tkudkfj;ksa dk vHkko gSA

;s vkadM+s >kj[kaM esa efgykvksa ds fo#) gqbZ fgalk ds ckjs esa dkQh dqN crkrs gSa exj os iwjh rLohj dks lkeus ugha ykrsA ;s vkadM+s mu vudgs vkSj vutkus vijkèkksa ;k ,slh vla[; ?kVukvksa ij Hkh izdk”k ugha Mkyrs tks dHkh iqfyl ds ikl fjiksVZ ugha dh tkrh gSa ;k ftudk fiz;tuksa vkSj ifjokj ds lnL;ksa rd ls ftØ ugha gks ikrk gSA blls lekt esa fgalk o pqIih dh laLÑfr vkSj efgykvksa ds thou ij vijkèk ds futh o lkekftd fufgrkFkks± dk irk pyrk gSA

fgalk ds lkFk le>kSrk dj ysuk] ng’kr esa thuk

fgalk ds vykok gesa fgalk dh vk”kadk vkSj mlls efgykvksa ds thou ij iM+us okys izHkkoksa ij Hkh xkSj djuk pkfg,A ;g ckr lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;ksa ds lkFk gksus okyh ;kSu fgalk ds ekeys esa [k+klrkSj ls izklafxd gks tkrh gSA tc yxkrkj bl ckr dk Mj jgrk gS fd dksbZ vkidk ihNk dj jgk gS] dksbZ vkidks ?kwj jgk gS ;k vkidks rax djrk gS rks vkSjrksa dh vkoktkgh lhfer gksus yxrh gS] mudh Lok;Ùkrk dk guu gksrk gS vkSj “kgjh vkSj vèkZ”kgjh LFkkuksa ij miyCèk lsokvksa o voljksa rd mudh igqap lhfer gksus yxrh gSA blls muesa tks Hk; vkSj vk”kadk iSnk gksrh gS og efgykvksa dks vDlj cgqr lkjs lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ls yxHkx iwjh rjg csn[ky dj nsrh gSA efgyk,a cgqr lkjh lM+dksa] ikdks±] ckt+kjksa vkfn ls [kqn dks nwj j[kus yxrh gSa rkfd os dsoy ^lqfj{kr le;* ij ^lqjf{kr LFkkuksa* ij gh fn[kk;h nsaA lkoZtfud LFkku lHkh ds fy, lqjf{kr vkSj lHkh dh igqap ds Hkhrj gksa] ;g ekU;rk efgykvksa dh xfr”khyrk] lqj{kk vkSj lekos”ku ds vfèkdkj dh dlkSVh gSA ;g ckr ,sls izokfl;ksa ds fy, [k+klrkSj ls lp gS tks csgrj f”k{kk vkSj jkst+xkjksa dh ryk”k esa “kgjksa dh rjQ vk jgs

>kj[kaM esa efgyk fojksèkh vijkèkk sa dh fiNys rhu lkyksa dh fLFfkr ¼2012 ls 2014½

vijkèk 2012 2013 2014

cykRdkj 812 1204 1050

vigj.k vk Sj vxok djuk 786 926 885

ngst gR;k,a 302 307 350

ifr vFkok mlds lacf/k;ksa } kjk Øwjrk 1261 2084 1462

'khy Hkax ds mí s'; ls efgykvk sa ij geys 284 524 440

efgykvk sa ds lEeku dk s {kfr 10 18 18

fons'kksa ls yM+fd;ksa dk vk;kr 3 2 2

vuSfrd O;kikj vfèkfu;e 12 11 11

efgyk v'yhy fu:i.k vfèkfu;e 0 2 2

ngst fu"ksèk dkuwu 1066 1428 1538

dqy 4536 6506 *5758

3

gSaA ;kSu mRihM+u@fgalk dh leL;k igpku vkSj mlds lkekftd vk;keksa ¼oxZ] izoklu] LFkku] vk;q] fodykaxrk] leqnk; vkfn½ ls Hkh tqM+h gksrh gS tks fd lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij efgykvksa dh igqap dks vkSj T+;knk izHkkfor djrs gSaA tokch geys ;k izfrfØ;k dk Mj lajpukRed fgalk dk fgLlk gS] ,d ,slh pØh; ifj?kVuk tks vkSj T+;knk ;kSu mRihM+u@fgalk dks tUe nsrh gSA

fLFkfr dks lacksfèkr djuk

bl fLFkfr dks ns[krs gq, >kj[kaM dh ljdkjh laLFkkvksa us efgyk fojksèkh fgalk dh jksdFkke ds fy, efgyk Fkkuksa ds xBu] efgyk dks”kkax] “kfDr eksckby isVªksy lfoZl vkSj pqfuank bykdksa esa lhlhVhoh dSejksa dh LFkkiuk tSls dbZ dne mBk, gSaA blds lkFk gh uxj lekt laxBuksa us Hkh ewyHkwr lsokvksa rd igqap] ekuokfèkdkjksa] rFkk efgyk fojksèkh fgalk tSls cgqr lkjs eqíksa ij tkx:drk QSykus ds vfHk;ku “kq: fd, gSaA

;s lHkh mik; dkQ+h t:jh gSa vkSj fygkt+k Lokxr ;ksX; gSaA fQj Hkh] dbZ ,sls vge rRo gSa tks ut+jvankt gks ldrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy,] ,sls LFkku vdlj NwV tkrs gSa tks izR;{k ;k vizR;{k :i ls efgykvksa dh vèkhurk vkSj mRihM+u dks oSèkrk iznku djrs gSaA buesa lekt dh fir`lÙkkRed lksp] lkekftd&vkfFkZd vlekurk,a] lkeqnkf;d fopkjèkkjk,a vkSj lÙkk dh vU; lajpuk,a izeq[k gSa tks ,d&nwljs ls xqaFkh gksrh gSaA bu lHkh dkjdksa dks ns[krs gq, efgykvksa dh lqj{kk o Lora=rk dks Bsl igqapkus okys bu reke isphnk igyqvksa dh ,d T+;knk xgjh le>nkjh fodflr djsa] [k+klrkSj ls mu bykdksa esa tgka efgyk fojksèkh ;kSu vijkèkksa esa yxkrkj bt+kQk gks jgk gSA efgykvksa ,oa yM+fd;ksa ds fo#) gksus okyh fgalk dh jksdFkke ds fdlh Hkh iz;kl dks efgykvksa ds lqj{kk ds vfèkdkj] mudh jktuhfrd eq[kjrk vkSj xfr”khyrk ds vfèkdkj rFkk lkoZtfud o futh {ks= esa fgalk ls eqfDr ds vfèkdkj ds ifjizs{; esa gh ns[kk tkuk pkfg,A

gkykr ij lexz izfrfØ;k nsus ds fy, lcls vge t+:jr ;g gS fd ge bl ifj?kVuk ds ckjs esa vfèkd ls vfèkd Kku o tkudkfj;ka bdëk djsaA blds fy, gesa lqj{kk ds ckjs esa yksxksa ds joS;s vkSj lksp dks [kqn muds Loj esa Hkh ntZ djuk pkfg,A bl MsVk ds vkèkkj ij ge uxj fu;kstu] “kgjh :ijs[kk o cqfu;knh <kaps ij iqufoZpkj dj ldrs gSa] lsokvksa ds fy, tokcnsgh r; dj ldrs gSa] iqfyl O;oLFkk vkSj ;gka rd fd lkoZtfud lgHkkfxrk dh Hkh iM+rky dj ldrs gSaA efgykvkas o yM+fd;ksa ds lkFk gksus okys vijkèkksa ij vadq”k yxkus vkSj mudh lqj{kk lqfuf”pr djus ds fy, Bksl mik; o uhfr;ka rS;kj djus ds fy, ,slk O;kid vkSj Bksl “kksèk ,d izHkkoh rjhdk gks ldrk gSA

'kksèk vkSj mlds mís’;

mijksDr fopkjksa o fotu ds vkèkkj ij ;g “kksèk vè;;u jkaph vkSj gtkjhckx esa efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;ksa ds lkFk gks jgh fgalk vkSj mRihM+u ds fofHkUu Lo:iksa ds ckjs esa lk{; tqVkus dh ,d NksVh lh ps’Vk gSA bl vè;;u ds fof”k’V mís”; bl izdkj gSa %

• efgykvksa o yM+fd;ksa dh xfr”khyrk ds #>kuksa vkSj mudh xfr”khyrk dks vo#) djus okys dkjdksa dks le>uk(

• lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij lqj{kk ds ckjs esa izpfyr lksp dks le>uk(

• mu dkjdksa dks igpkuuk tks lqj{kk ds Hkko ;k mlds vHkko dks vkSj iq’V djrs gSa(

• mu dkjdksa dks igpkuuk tks lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij lqj{kk ds vHkko dks c<+k nsrs gSa] [k+klrkSj ls “kgjh fMt+kbu] fu;kstu vkSj cqfu;knh <kaps esa dfe;ksa ds QyLo:i iSnk gksus okys dkjd(

• mRihM+u o fgalk dh mu [k+kl fd+Leksa dks igpkuuk ftudks lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij efgyk,a vkSj yM+fd;ka lcls T+;knk >syrh gSa] bl rjg ds mRihM+u o fgalk ds Lo:i ¼;kfu] geykoj] LFkku

4

vkSj le; vkfn½ vkSj blds tokc esa efgykvksa] yM+fd;ksa vkSj iq#’kksa }kjk ;kSu fgalk o mRihM+u dh ?kVukvksa dks jksdus ds fy, mBk, x, dneksa dks ntZ djuk(

• ;g le>uk fd gkf”k;kbZ leqnk;ksa dh efgyk,a ftl rjg dh fgalk dk lkeuk djrh gSa] mlds Lrj vkSj :iksa esa D;k Q+d+Z gS( rFkk

• lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij efgykvksa o yM+fd;ksa ds fo#) ;kSu fgalk dh jksdFkke ds fy, miyCèk lgk;rk ,oa lalkèkuksa dh tkudkjh bdëk djuk vkSj mu rd efgykvksa dh igqap dk vkadyu djukA

'kksèk i)fr

ikfjokfjd losZ{k.k

2015 ds nkSjku tkxksjh us U;w dkWUlsIV bUQkWesZ”ku flLVEl rFkk ls¶Vhfiu ds lkFk feydj jkaph vkSj gtkjhckx esa ,d “kksèk fd;k FkkA bl “kksèk ds fy, vksd QkmaMs”ku vkSj mlds lk>hnkjksa dh vksj ls lgk;rk nh xbZ FkhA

bl xq.kkRed ,oa ek=kRed vè;;u ds pkj eq[; rRo Fks % ikfjokfjd losZ{k.k] fo’k;&dsafnzr lkewfgd ppkZ,a ¼,QMhth½] eq[; lwpuk nkrkvksa ds lk{kkRdkj vkSj ls¶Vh vkWfMVA tSlk fd vkxs ds vè;k;ksa esa irk pysxk] bu lHkh lzksrksa ls [k+kl rjg dh tkudkfj;ka lkeus vk;haA blds fy, yksxksa dk p;u csrjrhc <ax ls vkSj@;k dqN fuf”pr dlkSfV;ksa ds vkèkkj ij fd;k x;k FkkA dqy feykdj buls gesa ,d ,slh lexz rLohj feyh gS tks la[;kvksa ij vkèkkfjr rLohj dh dfe;ksa dks iwjk djrh gSA blls gesa mÙkjnkrkvksa dh lksp] erksa vkSj joS;ksa dks le>us esa Hkh enn feyhA ;s midj.k T+;knk O;kid vkSj fofoèk fo’k;ksa dks Hkh lacksfèkr djrs gSaA bLrseky fd, x, midj.k ds vkèkkj ij MsVk laxzg ds fy, vfu;ksftr ;k vèkZfu;ksftr i)fr;ksa dk Hkh iz;ksx fd;k x;kA

uewus bdëk djus dh i)fr

izR;sd “kgj esa izkFkfed mÙkjnkrkvksa dh mez 18 ls 45 lky ds chp FkhA mÙkjnkrkvksa esa 80 izfr”kr efgyk,a vkSj 20 izfr”kr iq#’k FksA nksuksa “kgjksa esa losZ{k.k ds fy, cfLr;ksa@okWM~lZ dk pquko bl rjg fd;k x;k rkfd losZ{k.k esa vyx&vyx i`’BHkwfe dh efgykvksa & x`gf.k;ksa] fofHkUu izdkj ds osruHkksxh jkstxkjksa esa yxh efgykvksa vkSj Nk=kvksa & dks izfrfufèkRo feysA nksuksa “kgjksa dh “kgjh vkSj vèkZ”kgjh cfLr;ksa esa bl “kksèk ds fy, 1]000 mÙkjnkrkvksa ¼jkaph ls 600 vkSj gtkjhckx ls 400½ ls ckr dh xbZA izfrfufèkRo esa ;g Q+d+Z nksuksa “kgjksa dh tula[;k esa Q+d+Z ij vkèkkfjr gSA 2011 dh uohure jk’Vªh; tux.kuk ds le; jkaph dh vkcknh 29]14]253 Fkh tcfd gtkjhckx dh vkcknh 17]34]495 FkhA [k+klrkSj ls jkaph ,d rsth ls QSyrk “kgj gS tgka vkthfodk ds volj vkSj “kSf{kd laHkkouk,a jkT; ds ckdh “kgjksa ls T+;knk csgrj gSaA blds vykok gtkjhckx] xqeyk vkSj [kqaVh tSls iM+kslh ftyksa ls fu;fer :i ls vkus&tkus okyh vkcknh Hkh jkaph vkrh gSA

uewus bdëk djus ds mís”; ls vè;;u esa ,d uxjikfydk okWMZ dks izkFkfed uewuk bdkbZ ekuk x;kA okWMks± dk vafre p;u tux.kuk ds vkadM+ksa] uxjikfydk ds Lrj ij bdëk dh xbZ lwpukvksa vkSj LFkkuh; xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa ¼,uthvks½ ds lkFk ppkZvksa ds vkèkkj ij fd;k x;kA 2011 dh tux.kuk ds vkadM+ksa ds eqrkfcd] jkaph esa 55 vkSj gtkjhckx esa 32 uxjikfydk okWMZ gSaA uewus ¼jkaph esa 600 vkSj gtkjhckx esa 400½ dks bu okWMks± esa leku :i ls ckaVus ds fy, jkaph ls 12 vkSj gtkjhckx ls 8 okWMks± dks pquk x;kA bl vè;;u esa nks pj.kksa okyh uewuk ladyu izfØ;k viuk;h xbZ % igyh izfØ;k esa vèkZmís”;iw.kZ <ax ls okWMksZa dk p;u fd;k x;k vkSj nwljh voLFkk esa izR;sd pqus x, okWMZ ls mÙkjnkrkvksa dk p;u fd;k x;kA blds vykok tkxksjh vkSj efgyk lkek[;k lfgr dbZ izeq[k laLFkkvksa dh enn ls “kksèk Vhe ds fy, tsaMj rFkk efgyk fojksèkh fgalk ds [kkRes tSls fo’k;ksa ij izf”k{k.k dk;ZØeksa dk vk;kstu Hkh fd;k x;kA

'kksèk ijke’kZ lfefr vkSj vkpkj lafgrk

vè;;u izfØ;k ,d “kksèk lykgdkj lfefr ds ekxZn”kZu esa pyk;h xbZ vkSj ;g lqfuf”pr fd;k x;k fd blesa “kksèk vkpkj lafgrk dk iwjh rjg ls ikyu fd;k tk,A “kksèk vkpkj lafgrk ds ikyu djus dk eryc gS lacafèkr i{kksa dh lgefr] lanHkZ ds izfr laosnu”khyrk] xksiuh;rk vkSj csuke fooj.k tSls fl)karksa dk l[rh ls ikyu fd;k tk,xkA ikfjokfjd losZ{k.k U;w dkWUlsIV }kjk fd;k x;k vkSj “ks’k MsVk tkxksjh }kjk bdëk fd;k x;kA mEehn ;g Fkh fd bl “kksèk ds urhts ,d egRoiw.kZ lk{; dk dke djsaxs vkSj mu j.kuhfr;ksa] uhfr;ksa o lsokvksa ds lqn`<+hdj.k dk jkLrk [kksysaxs tks >kj[kaM esa lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij efgykvksas vkSj yM+fd;ksa ds lkFk fgalk dh jksdFkke ds fy, ykxw dh tk jgh gSaA

efgyk lqj{kk % ,d ifjHkk"kkefgyk lqj{kk dh voèkkj.kk esa ,slh j.kuhfr;ka] O;ogkj vkSj uhfr;ka “kkfey gSa tks tsaMj vkèkkfjr fgalk ¼;k efgyk fojksèkh fgalk½ ij vadq”k yxkus ds fy, pyk;h tkrh gSa ftuesa efgykvksa ds Hkhrj vijkèk ds Hk; ij vadq”k yxkuk Hkh “kkfey gSA

efgyk lqj{kk dk eryc gS lqjf{kr ifjfèk;ksa dh jpuk djukA ifjfèk;ka ;k txgsa rVLFk ugha gksrhA tks txgsa efgykvksa esa Hk; iSnk djrh gSa os mudh xfr”khyrk dks vo#) djus yxrh gSa vkSj QyLo:i leqnk; ml txg dk bLrseky de djus yxrk gSA xfr”khyrk vkSj lqxerk dk vHkko ,d rjg dh lkekftd csn[kyh gSA blds myV] dksbZ txg yksxkas esa lqj{kk vkSj vkjke dk Hkko Hkh iSnk dj ldrh gS vkSj QyLo:i fgalk dks grksRlkfgr dj ldrh gSA fygktk] lqj{kk lacaèkh fu;kstu o uhfr;ksa ds fuèkkZj.k esa efgykvksa dks ges”kk “kkfey fd;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj efgykvksa dks ges”kk è;ku esa j[kk tkuk pkfg,A5

efgyk lqj{kk ds fy, xjhch ls vkt+knh Hkh egRoiw.kZ gSA bldk eryc gS fd mUgsa ikuh ds lkèkuksa rd lqjf{kr igqap feys] vukSipkfjd cfLr;ksa esa muds fy, lkeqnkf;d “kkSpky;ksa dh lqfoèkk,a feysa] mUgsa tsaMj laosnh lM+dsa vkSj “kgjksa ds uD”ks feysa] mUgsa lqfj{kr dkj ikfd±x] “kkWfiax lsaVj vkSj lkoZtfud ifjogu O;oLFkk eqgS;k djk;h tk,A6

efgyk lqj{kk esa vkfFkZd lqj{kk vkSj Lok;Ùkrk Hkh “kkfey gSA ikfjokfjd vk; dk Lrj ekjihV dh jksdFkke esa ,d vge Hkwfedk vnk djrk gSA t:jh lalkèkuksa dh O;oLFkk djuk mRihM+u Hkjs lacaèk ls fuiVus dk ,d egRoiw.kZ rjhdk gksrk gSA blh rjg] efgykvksa ds vkfFkZd l”kfDrdj.k ls fgalk dh fLFkfr;ksa esa mudks lqj{kk Hkh feyrh gS D;ksafd os iq#’kksa ij de fuHkZj jg tkrh gSa vkSj fygktk vius QSlys [kqn ys ldrh gSaA

efgyk lqj{kk dk eryc gS LocksèkA lqjf{kr ?kjksa vkSj leqnk;ksa esa efgykvksa dks bl ckr dk vfèkdkj feyrk gS fd os viuk egRo le>sa] mudks l”kfDrdj.k ds lkèku feysa] mudks lEeku feys] os Lora= gksa] muds vfèkdkjksa dk lEeku fd;k tk,] mUgsa I;kj feys] ifjokj o leqnk;ksa ds yksxksa ds lkFk mudks ,dtqVrk dk vglkl feys vkSj mUgsa lekt esa leku lnL;ksa ds :i esa ekU;rk feysA7

efgyk lqj{kk ds fy, t:jh gS fd ,slh j.kuhfr;ka o uhfr;ka cuk;h tk,a tks fgalk ds ckn enn nsus dh ctk; fgalk gksus ls igys gh ml ij vadq”k yxk ldsaA ,slk rHkh gks ldrk gS tc ?kjsyw ;k ;kSu fgalk ds lzksrksa ds ckjs esa miyCèk Kku vkSj joS;s esa lqèkkj yk;k tk,A mnkgj.k ds fy,] fgalk dks oSèkrk nsus okys lkekftd rkSj&rjhdksa] iq#’kksa dh Js’Brk vkSj iq#’kksa ds ;kSu fo”ks’kkfèkdkj dh èkkj.kk vkfn ds ckjs esa ,d T;knk ldkjkRed le> fodflr dh tk,A blds vykok] lkeqnkf;d thou] LFkkuh; laxBuksa vkSj LFkkuh; vfHk”kklu fudk;ksa esa mudh lk>snkjh dks c<+kok fn;k tk, vkSj LFkkuh; fu.kZ; izfØ;k esa efgykvksa o yM+fd;ksa dh vfèkdkfèkd lgHkkfxrk gksA blds lkFk gh nh?kZdkfyd] lqfu;ksftr vkSj lexz iz;kl fd, tk,a rkfd efgykvksa ds lkFk gksus okyh fgalk] mudks fu”kkuk cuk, tkus dh vk”kadk [kRe gks vkSj nwljksa dh mnklhurk ls lacafèkr tksf[ke vkSj lqj{kkRed laHkkoukvksa dks iq’V fd;k tk ldsA8

efgyk lqj{kk dk eryc gS lHkh ds fy, lqjf{kr] LoLFk leqnk;ksa dh jpuk djukA ;g lkeqnkf;d dk;ns&dkuwuksa dks cnyus dh ,d lgHkkxh izfØ;k gS tks lkekftd lacaèkksa ds Lo:i] ewY;&ekU;rkvksa] jhfr&fjoktksa vkSj laLFkkvksa dks bl izdkj cny ldrh gS fd leqnk; ds lHkh lnL;ksa ds thou dh xq.koÙkk esa lqèkkj vk,A9 ikfjokfjd lacaèkksa] xjhch] uLyokn vkSj@;k ;kSu fgalk ij vadq”k tSls eqíksa dks lacksfèkr djus ds fy, mBk, x, ldkjkRed dneksa dk ;g LokHkkfod ifj.kke gksrk gSA ,d lqjf{kr leqnk; dh jpuk djuk lHkh dk nkf;Ro gSA10

¼lzksr % ;w,u&gschVsV] fodh ,oa vU;] 2008 % 10½

5- ,uk cksfQy ysoh] jkst+k ekfj;k MqesU[k+ks ekjVh ,oa bt+kcsy lsxqjk lksfj;kuks] ßohesu ,s.M fn flVhÞ] eSU;qvy vkWQ jsdesUMs”kUl QkWj , dkWUlsI”ku vkWQ bugsfcVsM ,uok;juZesaV ÝkWe fn IokbaV vkWQ O;w vkWQ tsaMj] QkmaMs’ku ekjh vksjsfy;k daiuhA

6- vyhfl;k ;ksu] ßlsQj flVht+ QkWj ohesu vkj lsQj QkWj ,ojhou]Þ gsfcVsV fMcsV] ;w,u&gsfcVsV ¼flracj 2007][kaM 13]#3½] 9-

7- esjh ,YlcxZ ,ao ykWjh ghl] ßjhlfpZax ok;ysal vxsULV ohesu % , izsfDVdy xkbM QkWj jhlpZlZ ,s.M ,fDVfoLV~l]Þ oYMZ gsYFk vkWjXukbts’ku ,s.M izksxzke QkWj ,izksfiz;sV VsDuksykWth bu gsYFk] 2005

8- ekWxZu ts dVhZl] ß,Uxsftax dE;qfuVht bu lsDlqvy ok;ysal fizosU”ku( , xkbMcqd QkWj bafMfotqvYl ,s.M vkWjxsukbts”kUl ,Uxsftax bu dkWyscksjsfVo fizosU”ku odZ]Þ VsDlkl ,slksfl,”ku vxsULV lsDlqvy vlkWYVA

9- MsfoM ,l yh] yhfM;k xkbZ] czsM iSjh] pkM fd;ksuh fLuQsu ,oa LVslh vykeks feDlu] ßlsDlqvy ok;ysal fizosU”ku]Þ fn fizosU”ku fjlpZj] [kaM 14 ¼2½] vizSy 2007-

10- ekWxZu ts dVhZl] ß,Uxsftax dE;qfuVht bu lsDlqvy ok;ysal fizosU”ku( , xkbMcqd QkWj bafMfotqvYl ,s.M vkWjxsukbts”kUl ,Uxsftax bu dkWyscksjsfVo fizosU”ku odZ]Þ VsDlkl ,lksfl,”ku vxsULV lsDlqvy vlkWYVA

6

eq[; urhts % ikfjokfjd losZ{k.kikfjokfjd losZ{k.k rduhd dqN [k+kl eqíksa ij “kksèk ds fy, dkQ+h vuqdwy ik;h xbZ gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;ksa ds fo#) ;kSu fgalk rFkk lkoZtfud lqj{kk tSls eqíksa ij ,d O;kid lkekftd Nkuchu dh t:jr gksrh gS vkSj blds fy, ikfjokfjd losZ{k.k rduhd dkQ+h ykHknk;d gksrh gSA O;ofLFkr exj dqN gn rd csrjrhc <ax ls pqus x, lgHkkfx;ksa dh izfrfØ;k,a ikfjokfjd losZ{k.k dk vkèkkj gksrh gSaA bl “kksèk ds fy, vizSy 2015 esa ikfjokfjd losZ{k.k fd;k x;kA blds ekè;e ls jkaph vkSj gtkjhckx ds cgqr lkjs ifjokjksa ds ek=kRed vkadM+s bdëk fd, x, rkfd efgykvksa ds lkFk gksus okys vijkèkksa vkSj mudh lqj{kk] mlds lanHkZ] vfuR; O;ogkj] lkekftd infpg~uksa vkSj vuqHkoksa ds ckjs esa miyCèk tkudkfj;ksa dks vkSj iq[rk fd;k tk, o c<+k;k tk,A

mÙkjnkrkvksa dk laf{kIr fooj.k

“kksèk dh :ijs[kk r; djrs gq, bl ckr dk [;ky j[kk x;k fd fofHkUu vk;q lewgksa] vyx&vyx lkekftd&vkfFkZd i`’BHkwfe;ksa] O;olk;ksa vkSj èkeks± ds yksxksa dk lekos”k fd;k tk,A ikfjokfjd losZ{k.k esa pqus x, mÙkjnkrkvksa ¼ftuesa efgyk,a vkSj iq#’k] nksuksa “kkfey gSa½ dks eksVs rkSj ij rhu vk;q lewgksa esa j[kk tk ldrk gS % 18 ls 24 o’kZ] 25 ls 45 o’kZ vkSj 45 o’kZ ;k mlls vfèkdA pqus x, mÙkjnkrkvksa esa bu vk;q Jsf.k;ksa dk vuqikr Øe”k% 40%40%20 FkkA

geus dksf”k”k dh gS fd vk;q oxks± dk ;g izfrfufèkRo bu nksuksa “kgjksa esa okLrfod lkekftd foU;kl ds vuq:i gksA mnkgj.k ds fy,] pqus x, uewus dk tkfrxr foU;kl nksuksa “kgjksa ds tkfrxr foU;kl ij vkèkkfjr gS % jkaph esa vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa dh la[;k T+;knk gS ¼20-22 izfr”kr½ tcfd gtkjhckx esa bl leqnk; ds eqdkcys vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa dh vkcknh T+;knk gS ¼10-83 izfr”kr½A rnuq:i] jkaph ds mÙkjnkrkvksa esa vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa dk fgLlk 47-50 izfr”kr Fkk tcfd gtkjhckx ds mÙkjnkrkvksa esa 13-50 izfr”kr vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa ds FksA bu nksuksa “kgjksa esa T+;knkrj mÙkjnkrkvksa us crk;k fd mudh ekfld ikfjokfjd vk; 10]000 #i;s ls de gSA nksuksa gh “kgjksa esa efgyk mÙkjnkrkvksa esa T+;knkrj x`g.kh vkSj Nk=k,a Fkha exj rqyukRed :i ls ;qok efgykvksa esa f”k{kk dk Lrj T+;knk mez dh mÙkjnkrkvksa ds eqdkcys csgrj FkkA

nksuksa gh “kgjksa esa vfookfgrksa dh la[;k Hkh mYys[kuh; gS gkykafd tgka rd izoklu dk loky gS rks lcls T+;knk iq#’k 25&44 o’kZ vk;q lewg esa gSaA jkaph esa izoklh efgyk,a T+;knk gSa ¼36 izfr”kr½ tks csgrj jkst+xkj dh mEehn esa ;gka vk;h gSaA jkaph dh 67 izfr”kr vkSj gtkjhckx dh 47 izfr”kr efgyk,a xzkeh.k bykdksa ls “kgj esa vk;h FkhaA nksuksa gh “kgjksa esa T+;knkrj efgyk,a viuh “kknh ds QyLo:i “kgj esa vk;h gSa tcfd iq#’k vfèkdka”kr% jkstxkj dh ryk”k esa “kgj esa vk, gSaA jkaph vkSj gtkjhckx] nksuksa gh “kgjksa esa fuokfl;ksa dh var%uxjh; xfr”khyrk dks ns[kdj irk pyrk gS fd yxHkx ,d frgkbZ mÙkjnkrk O;olkf;d otgksa ls ;k=k djrs gSaA var%uxjh; xfr”khyrk ds #>kuksa ls irk pyrk gS fd jkaph esa 35 izfr”kr vkSj gtkjhckx esa 33 izfr”kr efgyk,a vius dke ij vkus&tkus ds fy, ;k=k djrh gSaA nksuksa gh “kgjksa esa lcls T+;knk xfr”khyrk 18&24 o’kZ ds ;qodksa esa ik;h xbZA

gkykafd l?ku vkSj foLr`r MsVk fo”ys’k.k ds vkèkkj ij U;w dkWUlsIV us ikfjokfjd losZ{k.k dh ,d foLr`r “kksèk fjiksVZ rS;kj dh gS exj losZ{k.k ls feys dqN pqfuank vkSj egRoiw.kZ rF; bl izdkj gSaA bu tkudkfj;ksa ls bl ckr dk Hkh irk pyrk gS fd nksuksa “kgjksa ds lqj{kk ra= esa dkSu lh dfe;ka gSa ftudks QkSju nwj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

1- LFkkuh; vkokxeu ds #>ku

jkaph vkSj gtkjhckx esa T+;knkrj iq#’k vkSj efgyk,a & yxHkx rhu pkSFkkbZ & iSny gh vius dke ij tkrs gSaA jkaph esa 75 izfr”kr vkSj gtkjhckx esa 76 izfr”kr efgyk mÙkjnkrkvksa us crk;k fd os vius f”k{kk laLFkku ;k dk;ZLFky ij iSny tkrh gSaA nksuksa gh “kgjksa esa %

Hkkx 2

7

• iSny ;k=k ds ckn vkWVksfjD”kk vkSj ,d ls vfèkd lokfj;ksa dks ys tkus okys lk>k vkWVksfjD”kk ¼blh Øe esa½ ;k=k ds lcls T+;knk iz;ksx fd, tkus okys lkèku gSa( rFkk

• osruHkksxh jkst+xkj djus okyh T+;knkrj efgykvksa dks dke ij igqapus esa 30 feuV ls de le; yxrk gSA

2- lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij efgykvksa dh igqap ;k mldk vHkko % dqN fo’ks"krk,a

nksuksa gh “kgjksa esa tks efgyk,a vkerkSj ij lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij ugha tkrh gSa ;k ugha xbZ gSa mUgksaus blds ihNs eq[; otg ;gh crk;h fd mUgsa bldh t+:jr ugha iM+rhA exj] xkSjryc gS fd gtkjhckx esa 20 izfr”kr efgykvksa us ;g Hkh dgk fd os ckgj ugha tkrh D;ksafd muds ifjokj okys mUgsa ckgj tkus dh btkt+r ugha nsrs ¼ns[ksa xzkQ 1-1½A jkaph esa 6 izfr”kr efgykvksa us dgk fd mUgsa ckgj tkus esa Mj yxrk gS tcfd vU; 6 izfr”kr efgykvksa us dgk fd mUgsa ckgj tkus dh btkt+r ugha gSA

;g ckr u dsoy bl ckr dks n”kkZrh gSa fd bu “kgjksa dh lM+dksa ij efgykvksa ds fy, fdl rjg ds [krjs gks ldrs gSa cfYd blls ;g Hkh irk pyrk gS fd efgykvksa dh vkoktkgh ij fdl rjg dk fu;a=.k j[kk tkrk gS vkSj bu “kgjksa esa cqfu;knh <kaps vkSj lsokvksa dh fLFkfr vPNh ugha gSA

lkoZtfud LFkkuksa rd igqap esa bl Q+d+Z dk ,d lacafèkr vkSj pkSadkus okyk igyw rc lkeus vkrk gS tc ge O;olk; ds vykok vU; dkj.kksa ls gksus okys vkokxeu ds MsVk dks ns[krs gSaA jkaph esa 65 izfr”kr iq#’k vdsys

xzkQ 1-1 lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij efgykvksa dh vuqifLFkfr dh otgsa

vko';d ugha

vPNk ugha yxrk

ugha dg ldrs

tkus dh NwV ugha gS ¼ifjokj okyksa }kjk½

Mj yxrk gS@lqjf{kr eglwl ugha gksrk

jkaph gtkjhckx

efgyk,a

xzkQ 1-2 ukSdjh ds vykok vkokxeu

vdsys fdlh ds lkFk gksus ij lewg esa ¼nks ls vfèkd O;fDr½

jkaph gtkjhckx

efgyk,a

jkaph gtkjhckx

iq#"k

8

;k=k djrs gaS tcfd vdsys ;k=k djus okyh efgykvksa dh la[;k dsoy 39 izfr”kr gS ¼xzkQ 1-2½A ;g Q+klyk gtkjhckx esa Hkh lkQ fn[kk;h nsrk gS tgka 74 izfr”kr iq#’k vkSj dsoy 32 izfr”kr efgyk,a vdsys ;k=k djrh gSaA nksuksa gh “kgjksa esa ,slh efgykvksa dh la[;k iq#’kksa ls dkQ+h T+;knk gS tks fdlh dks lkFk fy;s fcuk ?kj ls ckgj ugha tk ldrh gSaA blds ckotwn ;g ,d egRoiw.kZ tkudkjh gS fd jkaph esa 39 izfr”kr vkSj gtkjhckx esa 32 izfr”kr efgyk,a vdsys ;k=k djrh gSaA lkoZtfud lqj{kk ds izlax esa bl rF; ij è;ku nsuk pkfg,A

3- lqjf{kr o vlqjf{kr LFkku vkSj dkjd

fdlh “kgj ds yksx vius lkoZtfud LFkkuksa dk fdl rjg iz;ksx djrs gSa] ;g ckr “kgj ds yksxksa dh lksp ls dkQ+h gn rd r; gksrh gSA blfy,] uxj ;kstukdkjksa] iqfyl o lsok iznkrkvksa vkSj efgykvksa o yM+fd;ksa dh lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij lqj{kk ds fy, iz;kljr lHkh yksxksa dks bl lksp o joS;ksa ij [k+kl è;ku nsuk pkfg,A

losZ{k.k ls irk pyrk gS fd nksuksa gh “kgjksa dh efgyk,a vfèkdka”kr% HkhM+HkkM+ okys bykdksa ls cpus dh dksf”k”k djrh gSa D;ksafd mUgsa ,sls LFkkuksa ij mRihM+u dh vk”kadk fn[kk;h nsrh gSA cgqr lkjh efgyk,a ,slh txgksa ij tkus ls Hkh drjkrh gSa tgka izk;% iq#’k gh T+;knk gksrs gSaA “kjkc dh nqdkusa] iku vkSj flxjsV dh nqdkusa] [kqys vkSj ?kus isM+&ikSèkksa okys bykds] vkWVks fjD”kk@cl LVSaM] cktkj@ekWy rFkk clsa ,sls LFkku gSa tgka dqN efgyk,a fnu esa Hkh ugha tkuk pkgrhaA bl Hk; ls mudh nSfud vkoktkgh ij vadq”k rks yxrk gh gS lkFk gh fuHkZ; gksdj lkoZtfud LFkkuksa dk mi;ksx djus dh laHkkoukvksa vkSj muds thou dh xq.koÙkk ij Hkh cqjk vlj iM+rk gSA

nksuksa gh “kgjksa esa 8&9 izfr”kr efgykvksa us ;g Hkh crk;k fd os lkoZtufd “kkSpky;ksa dk iz;ksx ugha djrha D;ksafd ogka iq#’k ekStw+n jgrs gSaA foMacuk ;g gS fd efgyk,a ftu LFkkuksa ij tkus ls drjkrh gSa ¼nksuksa gh “kgjksa esa½ muesa dbZ ckj iqfyl Fkkuksa dk Hkh mYys[k vk;k % jkaph esa 17 izfr”kr efgykvksa us dgk fd os fnu ;k jkr esa] dHkh Hkh Fkkuksa esa tkus ls cprh gSaA tc ;g iwNk x;k fd ßvki fdu LFkkuksa@bykdksa ls cpdj jgrh gSaÞ rks ftu efgykvksa us dgk fd os ßLdwy@dkWyst@dksfpax Dyklst+Þ esa tkus ls drjkrh gSa] muesa ls ,d frgkbZ Nk=k,a Fkha vkSj ;g la[;k jkaph vkSj gtkjhckx] nksuksa “kgjksa esa dkQ+h cM+h FkhA otg % ,slh bekjrksa vkSj ifjljksa ds Hkhrj vkSj vklikl Hkkjh HkhM+ jgrh gS vkSj ogka iq#’k T+;knk gksrs gSaA

efgykvksa dks vlqj{kk dk vglkl djkus okys lkekftd dkjdksa esa iq#’kksa dh “kjkc[kksjh Hkh ,d eq[; dkj.k FkhA mÙkjnkrkvksa ds eqrkfcd] “kjkc[kksjh vlkekftd O;ogkj vkSj efgykvksa ds mRihM+u dk lzksr gSA iq#’kksa ds eqdkcys

xzkQ 1-3 HkkSfrd cqfu;knh <kapk vkSj lqj{kk lacaèkh [krjs

jkaph efgyk,a jkaph iq#"k gtkjhckx efgyk,a gtkjhckx iq#"k

de mtkyk ¼ykbfVax½

lkoZtfud ifjogu@cl LVkWi@

LVs'kuksa ij HkhM+HkkM+

[kqys lkoZtfud LFkkuksa dk [kjkc j[kj[kko

lwpuk rf[r;ksa ;k cksMks± dk vHkko@VwVk&QwVk gksuk

LoPN vkSj lqjf{kr lkoZtfud 'kkSpky;ksa dk vHkko

izHkkoh@izR;{k iqfyl dk vHkko

de mtkyk ¼ykbfVax½

lkoZtfud ifjogu@cl LVkWi@LVs'kuksa ij

HkhM+HkkM+

[kqys lkoZtfud LFkkuksa dk [kjkc j[kj[kko

lwpuk rf[r;ksa ;k cksMks± dkvHkko@VwVk&QwVk gksuk

LoPN vkSj lqjf{kr lkoZtfud 'kkSpky;ksa dk vHkko

izHkkoh@izR;{k iqfyl dk vHkko

9

,slh efgykvksa dh la[;k T+;knk Fkh tks efgykvkas ds izfr O;kid vuknj ds Hkko] de vkcknh okys bykds vkSj lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij iq#’kksa ds ncncs dks efgykvksa ds fy, vlqj{kk dks c<+kus okyk dkjd ekurh gSaA

efgykvkas ds fo#) vijkèk vkSj fgalk dks c<+kok nsus okys cqfu;knh <kaps ls lacafèkr vHkkoksa esa lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij vaèksjs vkSj HkhM+HkkM+] lkoZtfud LFkyksa o lkoZtfud “kkSpky;ksa ds [kjkc j[kj[kko dks dkQ+h [krjukd crk;k x;k ¼xzkQ 1-3½A yxHkx 20 izfr”kr iq#’kksa dk dguk Fkk fd izHkkoh iqfyl cankscLr dk vHkko vkSj@;k iqfyldfeZ;ksa dk fn[kk;h u iM+uk Hkh lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij lqj{kk ds vHkko dks vkSj c<+k nsrk gSA

4- lcls T+;knk vk’kadkxzLr O;fDr vkSj lcls cM+s [krjs

bl loky ds tokc esa nksuksa “kgjksa ds iq#’kksa vkSj efgykvksa us fuEufyf[kr dks lcls T+;knk vk”kadkxzLr Js.kh crk;k % efgyk,a] fodykax vkSj ;qokA nksuksa gh “kgjksa esa T+;knkrj iq#’kksa ¼gtkjhckx esa 81 izfr”kr vkSj jkaph esa 76 izfr”kr½ us dgk fd ;kSu mRihM+u dk [krjk ;qok efgykvksa ds lkeus T+;knk jgrk gSA nksuksa gh “kgjksa dh dqN efgyk mÙkjnkrkvksa us tkfr dks Hkh blds ihNs ,d eq[; dkjd crk;kA ;g bl ckr dk ladsr gS fd lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij iq#’kksa dh mifLFkfr ds dkj.k gkf”k;kbZ leqnk;ksa dh efgyk,a T+;knk vlqjf{kr vkSj@;k Hk;Hkhr eglwl djrh gSaA

vius&vius “kgjksa esa lqj{kk lacaèkh tksf[keksa dh ckr djrs gq, 99&100 izfr”kr mÙkjnkrkvksa ¼iq#’k vkSj efgykvksa] nksuksa½ us ;kSu mRihM+u dks lcls cM+k lqj{kk lacaèkh tksf[ke crk;kA jkaph esa 93 izfr”kr efgykvksa ds eqdkcys dsoy 45 izfr”kr iq#’kksa dk ekuuk Fkk fd ;kSu geyk vkSj xaHkhj ;kSu geyk eq[; tksf[ke gSaA ;kSu geys ds ckjs esa gtkjhckx ds iq#’kksa vkSj efgykvksa dh jk; esa Hkh ;gh Q+klyk fn[kk;h fn;kA efgykvksa] [k+klrkSj ls 18&24 o’kZ dh ;qofr;ksa dks bu enksa esa lcls T+;knk vk”kadkxzLr crk;k x;kA jkaph ¼15 izfr”kr½ vkSj gtkjhckx ¼33 izfr”kr½] nksukas gh “kgjksa esa mÙkjnkrkvksa us crk;k fd efgykvksa dh iks”kkd Hkh mudh lqj{kk dks izHkkfor djrh gSA

jkaph ¼46 izfr”kr½ vkSj gtkjhckx ¼49 izfr”kr½ esa yxHkx vkèks mÙkjnkrkvksa dks viuk “kgj ßu rks lqjf{kr] u gh vlqjf{krÞ fn[kk;h iM+rk gS ¼xzkQ 1-4½A nksuksa gh “kgjksa esa yxHkx ,d frgkbZ mÙkjnkrkvksa dks yxrk Fkk fd mudk “kgj ßvlqjf{krÞ gS tcfd mls vlqjf{kr ekuus okys iq#’k mÙkjnkrkvksa dh la[;k ,d pkSFkk;h FkhA vius “kgj dks ßcsgn vlqjf{krÞ ekuus okyh efgykvksa dh la[;k gtkjhckx ds eqdkcys jkaph esa T+;knk FkhA

xzkQ 1-4 lqj{kk ds ckjs esa O;kid èkkj.kk,a

csgn vlqjf{kr vlqjf{kr u rks lqjf{kr] u gh vlqjf{kr lqjf{kr csgn lqjf{kr

jkaph gtkjhckx

efgyk,a

jkaph gtkjhckx

iq#’k

10

5- fgalk dks ns[kuk vkSj ml ij izfrfØ;k nsuk

vius lkeus ;kSu fgalk gksus ;k mldk lkeuk djus ij yksx fdl rjg dh izfrfØ;k nsrs gSa] bl rjg dh fgalk djus okyksa ds ckjs esa os tkurs gSa ;k ugha vFkok D;k tkurs gSa vkSj ,slh fLFkfr;ksa esa os D;k dne mBkrs gSa] ;g vkadus ds fy, jkaph vkSj gtkjhckx] nksuksa “kgjksa esa iq#’k vkSj efgyk mÙkjnkrkvksa ls lhèks loky iwNs x,A

jkaph esa 46 izfr”kr vkSj gtkjhckx esa 54 izfr”kr efgyk mÙkjnkrkvksa us dgk fd os lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij ;kSu fgalk dh ?kVuk,a ns[k pqdh gSaA muesa ls ,d pkSFkkbZ ls vfèkd us dgk fd os fiNys ,d lky ds nkSjku ,slh

?kVuk,a ns[k pqdh gSaA bu izR;{knf”kZ;ksa esa ls T+;knkrj ;qok efgyk,a FkhaA bu mÙkjnkrkvksa us crk;k fd mUgksaus ;kSu mRihM+u@fgalk dh T+;knkrj ?kVuk,a ckt+kjksa vkSj@;k ekWYl esa ns[kh gSaA nksuksa gh “kgjksa esa dqN mÙkjnkrkvksa us iqfyl Fkkuksa ds vklikl Hkh ;kSu mRihM+u dh ?kVuk,a ns[kh gSa tks bl ckr dk |ksrd gS fd iqfyl Fkkuksa ds fudV iM+us okys bykds Hkh vlqjf{kr gks ldrs gSaA

nksuksa gh “kgjksa esa ekSf[kd fgalk ¼lhVh ctkuk] fQdjs dluk vkfn½ vka[kksa ls fgalk ¼?kwjuk] vka[k ekjuk ;k yypk;h ut+jksa ls ns[kuk½] “kkjhfjd fgalk ¼idM+uk] Hkhapuk vkfn½ vkSj ihNk djuk ;kSu fgalk dh lcls vke fd+Lesa fn[kk;h nsrh gSaA T+;knkrj efgyk mÙkjnkrkvksa ¼jkaph esa 80 izfr”kr vkSj gtkjhckx esa 89 izfr”kr½ us nks ;k vfèkd voljksa ij ekSf[kd fgalk gksrs gq, ns[kh FkhA muds mÙkjksa ds vuqlkj] ekSf[kd vkSj fotqvy fgalk T+;knkrj fnu esa gksrh gSA

6- vius lkeus gqbZ fgalk dh ?kVuk ij izfrfØ;k

nksuksa gh “kgjksa esa iq#’kksa ds eqdkcys ,slh efgykvksa dh la[;k T+;knk Fkh ftUgksaus efgykvksa ds lkFk ;kSu fgalk dh ?kVuk gksus ij ßiqdkj yxk;h vkSj è;ku [khapus dk iz;kl fd;kÞA jkaph esa 70 izfr”kr vkSj gtkjhckx esa 71 izfr”kr efgykvksa us dgk fd bl rjg dh fLFkfr;ksa esa mUgksaus vkokt+ mBk;h vkSj yksxksa dk è;ku [khapus dk iz;kl fd;kA ,sls iq#’kksa dh la[;k jkaph esa dsoy 17 izfr”kr vkSj gtkjhckx esa “kwU; FkhA jkaph esa 15 izfr”kr vkSj gtkjhckx esa 12 izfr”kr efgykvksa us iqfyl dks enn ds fy, cqyk;k exj nksuksa gh “kgjksa esa fdlh Hkh iq#’k mÙkjnkrk us ,slk ugha fd;k FkkA blls gekjk è;ku bl ckr dh rjQ tkrk gS fd iq#’kksa esa bl rjg ds O;ogkj dks tUe nsus okys dkjd dkSu ls gksrs gSaA

efgyk mÙkjnkrk jk aph gtkjhckx

ßNÞ ,d ckj

2&5 ckj

5 ckj ls vfèkd

ßNÞ ,d ckj 2&5 ckj 5 ckj ls vfèkd

ekSf[kd fgalk 194 21% 42% 38% 161 11% 46% 43%

fotqvy@ vka[kk sa ls fg alk 169 19% 40% 41% 125 6% 41% 53%

'kkjhfjd fgalk 122 39% 37% 24% 80 35% 40% 25%

xqIrkax fn[kkuk 26 77% 19% 4% 6 67% 17% 17%

ihNk djuk 72 53% 31% 17% 59 56% 24% 20%

fgald 'kkjhfjd fgalk 17 59% 24% 18% 6 67% 17% 17%

;kSu fg alk@ lsDlqvy vlkWYV 7 71% 29% -- 2 100% -- --

rkfydk 1 % ftu mÙkjnkrkvksa us fofHkUu izdkj dh ;kSu fgalk ns[kh gS ¼ckjackjrk ds vuqlkj½

efgyk mÙkjnkrk jkaph gtkjhckx

11

tks yksx bl rjg dh fgalk ds izR;{kn”khZ jgs gSa muds }kjk iqfyl dks bl ckjs esa lwfpr u fd;k tkuk [k+klrkSj ls è;ku nsus ;ksX; ckr gSA iqfyl dks lwfpr u djus ds ihNs mÙkjnkrkvksa us tks otgsa crkb± oks bl izdkj Fkha % ¼d½ mUgsa ekeyk T+;knk xaHkhj ugha yxk] ;k ¼[k½ ekeyk iqfyl ds n[ky ds fcuk gh gy dj fy;k x;k ¼xzkQ 1-5½A ;s c;ku ,sls vfèkdka”k yksxksa dh jk; dks izfrfcafcr djrs gSa tks ;kSu mRihM+u dks ;k rks vijkèk ugha ekurs ;k bruk xaHkhj ÑR; ugha ekurs fd mlesa iqfyl ds gLr{ksi dh t:jr gksA ;g lksp gekjs lkaLÑfrd ekul esa lek pqdh gS blfy, efgyk,a [kqn gh vDlj bls cnkZ”r dj tkrh gSa vkSj nwljksa dks Hkh cgqèkk eqag can djus dh lykg nsrh gSaA

jkaph esa dqN iq#’k mÙkjnkrkvksa us crk;k fd os iqfyl dks blfy, Hkh lwfpr ugha djrs D;ksafd rc iqfyl okys mu ij gh vkjksi yxkus yxrs gSa tcfd dqN efgykvkas us dgk fd muds ifjokj okyksa gh us mUgsa iqfyl ls nwj jgus dh fgnk;r nh gSA jkaph vkSj gtkjhckx esa ,d&,d efgyk us ;g Hkh crk;k fd tc mUgksaus iqfyl okyksa ls viuh vkichrh crk;h rks iqfyl okyksa us mudh ckr ij T+;knk è;ku ugha fn;kA gtkjhckx dh nks vU; efgykvksa us dgk fd mUgsa iqfyl esa fjiksVZ ntZ djkuk cgqr yach izfØ;k yxrh gSA

7- ifjokj dh Hkwfedk

xkSjryc gS fd nksuksa gh “kgjksa esa vkèkh ls T+;knk efgyk mÙkjnkrkvksa dk dguk Fkk fd muds ifjokj okys mUgsa ;kSu fgalk dh fLFkfr;ksa ij fdlh rjg dh izfrfØ;k nsus ds fy, ßizksRlkfgr ugha djrsAÞ

blds ckotwn ;g Hkh lp gS fd jkaph esa 59 izfr”kr vkSj gtkjhckx esa 67 izfr”kr efgykvksa dks ,slh fLFkfr;ksa ls fuiVus ds fy, gksus okyh ppkZvksa ds :i esa vius ifjokjksa ls lgk;rk feyh gSA jkaph esa dsoy 5 izfr”kr vkSj gtkjhckx esa dsoy 4 izfr”kr efgykvksa us crk;k fd mUgsa ,slh fLFkfr;ksa esa vius ifjokj okyksa ls dksbZ enn ugha feyh vkSj myVs mudh vkoktkgh ij gh ikcafn;ka yxk nh xb±A yxHkx ,d pkSFkkbZ us dgk fd os vius ?kjokyksa ls bl rjg dh ?kVukvksa ds ckjs esa ckr ugha djrha D;ksafd blds ckn mudk ?kj ls fudyuk can dj fn;k tk,xkA efgyk mÙkjnkrkvksa esa ls T+;knkrj ¼jkaph esa 51 izfr”kr vkSj gtkjhckx esa 68 izfr”kr½ us crk;k fd mUgksaus vius lkFk ?kVh ,slh ?kVukvksa ds ckjs esa fdlh ls dksbZ ckr ugha dh D;ksafd mUgsa irk gS fd yksx mUgsa pqi jgus dh gh lykg nsaxsA

xzkQ 1-5 efgykvksa }kjk fgalk ds ckotwn iqfyl ds ikl u tkus dh otgsa

jkaph gtkjhckx

cgqr xaHkhj ckr ugha

ekeyk gy dj fy;k x;k

eq>s viuh cnukeh dk Mj Fkk

iqfyl dqN ugha djsxh

?kjokyksa us eq>s jksd fn;k

iqfyl eq>s gh nks"kh Bgjk,xh

iqfyl okys esjh ckr ij ;dhu ugha djsaxs

iqfyl ekeys dks ekewyh crk,xh

iqfyl vkSjrksa ds lkFk cqjk crkZo djrh gS

vklikl dksbZ Fkkuk ugha gS

12

8- izR;{knf’kZ;ksa }kjk fjiksVZ djuk

izR;{knf”kZ;ksa ds C;kSjksa ls Hkh irk pyk fd ;kSu fgalk ds 70 izfr”kr ls T+;knk ekeyksa esa 17 ls 30 o’kZ dh vk;q ds ;qod ft+Eesnkj FksA jkaph vkSj gtkjhckx dh dqN efgykvksa us crk;k fd mUgksaus 35 ls 40 lky dh mez ds vèksM+ iq#’kksa dks Hkh bl rjg dh gjdrsa djrs gq, ns[kk gSA jkaph vkSj gtkjhckx ds mÙkjnkrkvksa us dgk fd fgalk vkSj mRihM+u dh gjdrsa iq#’k rc T+;knk djrs gSa tc os lewg esa gksrs gSaA

9- ;kSu fgalk % ljokbolZ] fgalk ds Lo:i vkSj vU; igyw

bl vè;;u esa “kkfey efgykvksa esa ls jkaph esa 31 izfr”kr vkSj gtkjhckx esa 28 izfr”kr us crk;k fd os fdlh u fdlh izdkj dh ;kSu fgalk dk lkeuk dj pqdh gSaA bl Js.kh esa Hkh] nksuksa “kgjksa esa ;kSu mRihM+u@fgalk dh lcls T+;knk ?kVuk,a 18&24 o’kZ dh ;qofr;ksa ds lkFk ik;h xb±A T+;knk mez dh efgykvksa ¼45 o’kZ ;k vfèkd½ ds lkFk ;kSu fgalk dh ?kVuk,a nksuksa gh “kgjksa esa dkQ+h de ik;h xb±A jkaph esa ;kSu mRihM+u@fgalk ds vkadM+s rqyukRed :i ls T+;knk FksA nksuksa gh “kgjksa esa fdlh u fdlh izdkj ds ;kSu mRihM+u@fgalk dk lkeuk dj pqdh 25&44 o’kZ vk;q oxZ dh mÙkjnkrkvksa dh la[;k yxHkx ,d leku Fkh ¼25&26 izfr”kr½A

tSlk fd xzkQ 1-6 esa fn[kk;h iM+ jgk gS] ekSf[kd fgalk lcls vke izdkj dh fgalk fn[kk;h iM+rh gS % jkaph esa 71 izfr”kr vkSj gtkjhckx esa 76 izfr”kr efgyk,a bldks >sy pqdh gSaA ekSf[kd fgalk esa fQdjs dluk] lhfV;ka ctkuk] Hkíh ckrsa cksyuk vkSj xkyhxyksp djuk “kkfey gSA blds ckn fotqvy rFkk “kkjhfjd fgalk dk LFkku vkrk gSA nksuksa gh “kgjksa esa 6 izfr”kr ls T+;knk efgyk,a fgald “kkjhfjd geyksa dk Hkh lkeuk dj pqdh gSaA buesa ls jkaph dh ,d efgyk cykRdkj dh Hkh f”kdkj gks pqdh FkhA

bl rjg dh fgalk dh ckjackjrk & [k+klrkSj ls jkaph esa & ds vkadM+s csgn fparktud gSaA 82 izfr”kr efgykvksa us crk;k fd muds lkFk de ls de ,d ckj fgald geyk gks pqdk gS tcfd gtkjhckx esa 49 izfr”kr efgykvksa us crk;k fd os fiNys ,d lky ds nkSjku 2 ls 5 ckj rd ekSf[kd fgalk dk lkeuk dj pqdh gSaA efgykvksa dk ihNk djus dh leL;k gtkjhckx esa vke fn[kk;h nhA nksuksa gh “kgjksa esa lHkh dky vofèk;ksa esa fgalk dh ?kVuk,a ns[kus esa vk;ha gkykafd T+;knkrj ?kVuk,a fnu ds le; vkSj “kke ds le; gh crk;h xb±A

1-6 fdl&fdl rjg dh fgalk dk lkeuk fd;k

jkaph gtkjhckx

ekSf[kd fgalk ¼QfCr;ka] lhVh ctkuk vkfn½

fotqvy fgalk ¼?kwjuk] yypkbZ utjksa ls ns[kuk½

'kkjhfjd fgalk ¼Nwuk] ;gka&ogka gkFk fQjkuk vkfn½

xqIrkax fn[kkuk

ihNk djuk

fgald 'kkjhfjd geyk

;kSu geyk vFkok cykRdkj

13

jkaph dh mÙkjnkrkvksa us ckjackjrk ds Øe ds vuqlkj fuEufyf[kr LFkkuksa ij mRihM+u dh lcls T+;knk ?kVukvksa dk mYys[k fd;k % ckt+kj@”kkWfiax ekWy] lkoZtfud ifjogu okgu] uqDdM+] lM+dsa vkSj Ldwy@dkWyst@dksfpax d{kk,aA

gtkjhckx esa mRihM+u ds LFkkuksa dks bl vojksgh Øe esa crk;k x;k % c+ktkj@”kkWfiax ekWy] lM+dksa ds fdukjs vkSj uqDdM+] Ldwy@dkWyst@dksfpax d{kk,aA

dqN efgykvksa ¼yxHkx 2 izfr”kr½ us ;g Hkh crk;k fd os iqfyl Fkkuksa ds vklikl Hkh fgalk dk lkeuk dj pqdh gSaA blls igys efgykvksa us Fkkuksa dks ,slk LFkku crk;k Fkk tgka os ßugha tkuk pkgrhaÞ % jkaph esa okWMZ 15] 50 vkSj 53 vkSj gtkjhckx esa okWMZ 18 vkSj 26A iqfyl Fkkuksa dks ßvlqfj{kr LFkkuÞ crkus ds fiNys izlax vkSj ;gka mUgsa fgalk ds LFkku ds :i esa bafxr djus ds chp ,d lacaèk fn[kk;h nsrk gSA bl izlax esa gekjs ikl miyCèk vkadM+s cgqr lhfer gSa fQj Hkh ;g ,d ,slk igyw gS ftl ij gesa vkSj xaHkhjrk ls ckr djuh pkfg, D;ksafd ;g iqfyl ls lacafèkr gSA

Åij fn, x, xzkQ ¼xzkQ 1-7½ ds vkèkkj ij ,slk yxrk gS fd vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa dh efgyk,a vU; leqnk;ksa dh efgykvksa ds eqdkcys T+;knk fgalk dk lkeuk djrh gSaA jkaph ds ckjs esa fu”p; gh ;g ckr dgh tk ldrh gS exj gesa xkSj djuk pkfg, fd gtkjhckx dh mÙkjnkrkvksa esa vuqlwfpr tutkfr efgykvksa dk izfrfufèkRo ¼vkSj dqy tula[;k esa Hkh½ dkQ+h de FkkA fQj Hkh] blls Hkh ;gh irk pyrk gS fd gtkjhckx esa Hkh vuqlwfpr tutkfr efgykvksa ds lkeus fgalk dh vk”kadk vU; leqnk;ksa dh efgykvksa ds eqdkcys T+;knk gSA

nksuksa gh “kgjksa esa tutkrh; leqnk;ksa dh efgykvksa ds lkFk ;kSu fgalk dh T+;knk ?kVuk,a gqbZ gSa % jkaph esa 38 izfr”kr vkSj gtkjhckx esa 50 izfr”kr efgykvksa ds lkFkA tgka rd tutkrh; efgykvksa ds lkFk ekSf[kd fgalk dk loky gS rks jkaph esa 74 izfr”kr vkSj gtkjhckx esa 88 izfr”kr us crk;k fd os bl rjg dh fgalk dk lkeuk dj pqdh gSaA

10- ;kSu mRihM+u@fgalk lacaèkh lalkèkuksa vkSj lsokvksa dh tkudkjh

cgqr lkjs mÙkjnkrkvksa us ;kSu fgalk dh fLFkfr esa iqfyl dks enn dk lcls igyk fodYi crk;kA blds ckn efgyk Fkkuksa vkSj gsYiykbu dk mYys[k fd;k x;kA jkaph vkSj gtkjhckx esa dqN efgykvksa us ,sls xSj&ljdkjh laxBukas ¼,uthvks½@leqnk; vkèkkfjr laxBuksa ¼lhchvks½ dk Hkh uke crk;k tks mudh jk; esa ennxkj gks ldrs gSaA jkaph esa mUgksaus caèku] tuy{eh] efgyk vk;ksx] efgyk lkek[;k] efgyk lekt dY;k.k foHkkx] izTtofyr

1-7 efgykvksa dh tkfr@èkeZ rFkk lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij lqj{kk

vtk vttk vU;

jkaph gtkjhckx

14

fcgkj] Lo;a lgk;rk lewg] Le`fr ohesu dE;qfuVh] ohesUl ikoj vkSj oYMZ fotu vkfn laxBuksa ds uke crk,A iq#’kksa us Hkh ,dtqV] izsj.kk Hkkjrh] lj.kk efgyk lfefr] lso ohesu rFkk ohesu dE;qfuVh laxBuksa ds uke crk,A

gtkjhckx esa efgykvksa us tutkx`fr dsanz] uotkxj.k] eka Hkokuh [kksjxkao] efgyk lkek[;k] uoHkkjr tkx`fr dsanz dk mYys[k fd;k tcfd iq#’kksa us ckck HkwrukFk eaMyh] tuf”k{k.k laLFkku vkSj lkFk uked laxBuksa ds uke crk,A

xkSj djus dh ckr ;g gS fd jkaph vkSj gtkjhckx] nksuksa gh “kgjksa esa yxHkx lHkh iq#’k mÙkjnkrk tkurs Fks fd ;kSu geyk vFkok xaHkhj ;kSu geyk] fgald “kkjhfjd geyk vkSj nckuk@Hkhapuk vkfn “kkjhfjd ;kSu fgalk,a d+kuwu dh ut+j esa vijkèk gSaA blds foijhr] efgykvksa ds ikl ;kSu fgalk dh vkijkfèkd ifjHkk’kkvksa dh tkudkjh dkQ+h lhfer FkhA mnkgj.k ds fy,] jkaph esa 66 izfr”kr vkSj gtkjhckx esa 79 izfr”kr efgyk,a gh tkurh gSa fd ekSf[kd mRihM+u Hkh ,d vijkèk gSA

gtkjhckx ds eqdkcys jkaph esa efgykvksa vkSj iq#’kksa ds ikl ;kSu vijkèk ds le; lalkèkuksa rd igqap T+;knk fn[kk;h nhA efgyk mÙkjnkrkvksa esa ls dsoy 1-5 izfr”kr ¼jkaph esa 7@481 rFkk gtkjhckx esa 5@320½ us nkok fd;k os fdlh gsYiykbu uEcj ds ckjs esa tkurh gSaA bu 12 efgykvksa ¼7$5½ esa ls jkaph esa 29-6 izfr”kr ¼2@7½ vkSj gtkjhckx esa 80 izfr”kr ¼4@5½ us iqfyl gsYiykbu uEcj ¼100½ crk;k tcfd jkaph esa dsoy 14-3 izfr”kr ¼1@7½ efgyk,a gh pkbYM gsYiykbu uEcj ¼1098½ ds ckjs esa crk ik;hA

nksuksa “kgjksa esa iq#’k vkSj efgyk,a bl ckr ij lger Fks fd “kklu dks lwfpr djuk vPNk jgrk gSA exj] jkaph esa yxHkx nks frgkbZ mÙkjnkrkvksa ¼iq#’k vkSj efgykvksa] nksuksa½ dk ekuuk Fkk fd lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij efgykvksa ds fo#) ;kSu geys@mRihM+u dh ?kVukvksa ij ljdkj dh izfrfØ;k cgqr lhfer ;k xk;c fn[kk;h iM+rh gSA gtkjhckx esa ,d pkSFkkbZ ls T+;knk efgykvksa vkSj 41 izfr”kr iq#’kksa dk Hkh ,slk gh ekuuk FkkA

jkaph esa 41 izfr”kr efgykvksa vkSj 62 izfr”kr iq#’kksa us dgk fd lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij os efgykvksa ds fo#) fgalk ls lacafèkr lans”k ns[k ;k lqu pqdh@pqds gSaA gtkjhckx esa ,slh efgykvksa dh la[;k 48 izfr”kr vkSj iq#’kksa dh la[;k 43 izfr”kr FkhA

jkaph esa yxHkx nks frgkbZ mÙkjnkrkvksa dk ekuuk Fkk fd ljdkj lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij efgykvksa ds fo#) ;kSu@mRihM+u dh leL;k dks jksdus ds fy, dksbZ [k+kl dne ugha mBk jgh gSA gtkjhckx esa ,d pkSFkkbZ ls T+;knk efgykvksa ¼28 izfr”kr½ vkSj 41 izfr”kr iq#’kksa us Hkh ;gh ckr dgh ¼xzkQ 1-8½A

1-8 leL;k ij ljdkj dh izfrfØ;k dh jsfVax

jkaph gtkjhckx jkaph gtkjhckx

efgyk,a iq#"k

dksbZ iz;kl ugha ukdkQh iz;kl

i;kZIr iz;kl dg ugha ldrs

15

eq[; urhts % fo"k; dsafnzr lkewfgd ppkZ,a ¼Qksdl xqzi fMLd’kUl½

ikfjokfjd losZ{k.k esa “kksèk ds fo’k; dk vkadyu fd;k tkrk gS vkSj egRoiw.kZ vkadM+s tqVk, tkrs gSa tcfd fo’k; dsafnzr lkewfgd ppkZ ¼Qksdl xzqi fMLd”ku & ,QthMh½ ds ekè;e ls mÙkjnkrkvkas dh lksp vkSj joS;s ds ckjs esa vyx rjg ls exj cgqr Bksl tkudkfj;ka feyrh gSaA tSlk fd uke ls gh irk pyrk gS] bl i)fr ds rgr ,sls yksxksa ds lewg ds lkFk fdlh fuf”pr fo’k; ij ppkZ dh tkrh gS ftlds er vkSj vuqHko “kksèk ds fy, dkQ+h egRoiw.kZ gSa vkSj fygkt+k mu ij i;kZIr :i ls è;ku nsuk t:jh gSA ,QthMh ,d lapkyd dh lgk;rk ls ml lewg dh jk; tkuus dk ,d rjhdk gksrk gSA bl i)fr esa “kksèk ds fo’k; ls tqM+s fdlh egRoiw.kZ “kh’kZd ij lqfu;ksftr <ax ls ppkZ dh tkrh gSA

efgykvksa o yM+fd;ksa ds lkFk gksus okyh fgalk vkSj lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij lqj{kk ds loky ij bl “kksèk ds varxZr ,sls yksxksa dh jk; tkuuk vfuok;Z Fkk tks lekt ds gkf”k;s ij gSa] ftuds ikl lkoZtfud LFkkuksa rd lhfer ;k cgqr dfBu vFkok u ds cjkcj igqap gSA lkFk gh bl fo’k; ls tqM+s fo”ks’kKksa dh jk; tkuuk Hkh t:jh gksrk gSA lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ds ckjs esa bu O;fDr;ksa@lewgksa ds D;k vuqHko vkSj fopkj gSa] ;g xkSjryc fo’k; cu tkrk gSA bl i`’BHkwfe dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, jkaph vkSj gtkjhckx esa fuEufyf[kr lewgksa ds lkFk 12 ,QthMh11 vk;ksftr fd, x, % fd”kksfj;ka] fd”kksj] ,dy efgyk,a] ?kjsyw dkexkj] fuekZ.k et+nwj] izoklh et+nwj] efgyk ;kSu dehZ rFkk ukjh vnkyr ¼)kjk efgyk lkek[;k½ dh izfrfufèk layXud dks ns[ksaA ;s ppkZ,a vyx&vyx LFkkuksa ij lkoZtfud lqj{kk vkSj vkoktkgh ds O;fDrxr vuqHkoksa rFkk lgHkkfx;ksa dh le> o tkudkjh ds bnZfxnZ dsafnzr FkhaA lkFk gh vU; ekudksa ij Hkh ckr dh xbZA

bu lHkh lewgksa esa tks lnL; Fks@Fkha muesa tulkaf[;dh; èkjkry ij dqN eksVh lekurk,a Fkha exj ,QthMh okLro esa fdlh Hkh lewg ds Hkhrj fopkjksa dh fofoèkrk dks lkeus ykus dk lkèku gSA bl rjg dh izfrfØ;kvksa dh Ükz`[kyk ls okLrfod fLFkfr dh ,d T+;knk ifj’Ñr] T+;knk tehuh rLohj lkeus ykus esa enn feyrh gSA

uhps ds Hkkxksa esa ge ,QthMh ppkZvksa dk lkj&ladyu is”k dj jgs gSaA

1- lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij ;kSu mRihM+u % dc] dgka] dkSu\

jkaph vkSj gtkjhckx esa yM+fd;ksa vkSj efgykvksa us dgk fd lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij os fofHkUu izdkj ds ;kSu mRihM+u dk lkeuk djrh gSaA mUgsa xans fQdjs lquus iM+rs gSa vkSj dbZ ckj yksx mUgsa xqIrkax fn[kkus dh dksf”k”k djrs gSaA muesa ls dqN us bl ckr ij tksj fn;k fd efgykvksa ds fo#) gksus okyh fgalk dks dsoy lkoZtfud LFkkuksa rd gh lhfer ugha ekuk tkuk pkfg, cfYd ?kjksa vkSj ifjokjksa ds Hkhrj ;kfu futh nk;js esa Hkh bl rjg dh fgalk gksrh gS vkSj ml ij Hkh cjkcj è;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg,A

gtkjhckx esa efgyk fuekZ.k et+nwjksa us crk;k fd tc de mez ds yM+ds@iq#’k lewg esa gksrs gSa rks izk;% ;kSu mRihM+u dh ?kVuk,a T+;knk gksrh gSaA jkaph ;qfuoflZVh dh ,d yM+dh us ;g Hkh crk;k fd og vius vè;kidksa ij Hkh iwjh rjg Hkjkslk ugha dj ldrh tcfd ,d vkSj yM+dh us dgk fd muds f”k{kk laLFkkuksa esa dksbZ ;kSu mRihM+u fojksèkh lfefr ugha gSA

dqN lgHkkfx;ksa us dgk fd ;kSu mRihM+u dks r; djus esa mez ,d vge Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gS % fd”kksfj;ksa ¼12&16 o’kZ½ vkSj ;qofr;ksa ¼15&30 o’kZ½ ds lkeus ;kSu mRihM+u dh vk”kadk T+;knk jgrh gSA vU; lgHkkfx;ksa dk dguk Fkk fd lHkh vk;q lewgksa dh yM+fd;ksa o efgykvksa ds lkeus ;kSu mRihM+u dh vk”kadk jgrh gS D;ksafd 5 lky dh NksVh cfPp;ksa vkSj 60 lky dh cw<+h vkSjrksa ds lkFk Hkh lM+dksa ij bl rjg dh ?kVuk,a gks pqdh gSaA

Hkkx 3

11 lanHkZ O;fDr us izfrHkkfx;ksa ds “kgj esa lqj{kk dh /kkj.kkvksa vkSj vuqHkoksa dks varZyhu fd;k vkSj blds vk/kkj ij ekxZnf’kZkdk dks jpk o izR;sd ppkZ dks pyk;kA vkerkSj ij izR;sd ppkZ yxHkx 90 feuV rd pyhA

16

lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ls lacafèkr ,QthMh ppkZvksa esa ^lqj{kk* ds vglkl ds ckjs esa dbZ fnypLi igyw lkeus vk,A vkerkSj ij ekuk tkrk gS fd iq#’kksa dh HkhM+HkkM+ okysa LFkkuksa ij ;kSu mRihM+u lcls T+;knk gksrk gS exj yM+fd;ksa us crk;k fd ogka mUgsa T+;knk lqjf{kr eglwl gksrk gSA mUgksaus dgk fd ;kSu mRihM+u rks HkhM+ Hkjs vkSj lqulku] nksuksa rjg ds LFkkuksa ij gksrk gS exj ;fn os HkhM+ esa gks rks ogka mUgsa ,slh ?kVuk ij “kksj epkus vkSj enn feyus dh T+;knk mEehn jgrh gSA nwljh rjQ dqN efgyk lgHkkfx;ksa us ;g Hkh crk;k fd vklikl [kM+s yksx pqipki ns[krs jgrs gSaA tc fdlh vkSjr ds lkFk ,slh gjdrsa dh tkrh gSa rks os pqipki [kM+s ns[krs jgrs gSa vkSj dksbZ n[ky ugha nsrsA gtkjhckx dh ,dy efgyk,a ftuds ikl “kkSpky; dh lqfoèkk ugha gS vkSj mUgsa [kqys esa “kkSp ds fy, tkuk IkM+rk gS] mUgksaus crk;k fd os dHkh Hkh vdsyh [ksrksa esa ugha tkrha] mUgsa ges”kk lewg cukdj gh tkuk iM+rk gSA

efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;ksa us jkaph vkSj gtkjhckx esa ,slh dbZ cfLr;ksa@lM+dksa dk Hkh ftØ fd;k tks mUgsa [k+klrkSj ls ßvlqjf{krÞ yxrh gSaA12 jkaph dh efgyk ?kjsyw dkexkjksa vkSj ,dy efgykvksa ¼fngkM+h etnwj] Qy foØsrk vkSj fdlku½ ds ,d lewg us bu LFkkuksa dk mYys[k fd;k % ihp jksM] fMfLVyjh jksM] dksdj] ljdqyj jksM] ch,e,y xyh] gfjvkse Vkoj] èkksch ?kkV] gksyh ØkWl pkSd] dkVk VkW;y] fjEl] ykyiqj pkSd] Ñ’.kkiqjh] >aMk pkSd] fj¶;wth ekdsZV] euhVksyk vkSj dpgjhA

gtkjhckx esa dkWyst Nk=kvksa vkSj ,dy efgykvksa ds lewg us fuEufyf[kr dks vlqjf{kr LFkku crk;k % fueZy egrks ikdZ ¼[k+klrkSj ls ikdZ dk fiNyk fgLlk½] lqjs”k dkWyksuh] >hy jksM] dsujh fgy jksM] ljdkjh cl vìk] isykoy] jkseh] ftUtkfj;k iqyk] nsoxu pkSd] lsaV dksyack jksM] erokM+h] vkuank pkSd] efgyk dkWystksa ds vkl&ikl ds bykds] Xoky Vksyh pkSd] dSQsVsfj;k jksM] dkSjk] veu dkWyksuh] gkbZLdwy bykds] lCth eaMh] ch,e ekdsZV] dydÙkk ekdsZV] xkaèkh pkSd vkSj lnjA

,QthMh ppkZvksa ds nkSjku fnu@jkr ds le; mRihM+u ds chp lacaèk ds eqís ij yM+fd;ksa o efgykvksa dh jk; yM+dksa dh jk; ls foijhr FkhA mnkgj.k ds fy,] fd”kksj yM+dksa dk ekuuk Fkk fd fnu ds le; lkoZtfud LFkku cgqr vlqjf{kr ugha gksrsA blds foijhr] efgyk fuekZ.k et+nwjksa vkSj izoklh efgyk et+nwjksa us crk;k fd tc os fnu esa dke ds fy, fudyrh gSa rks vlqjf{kr eglwl djrh gSaA jkaph fo”ofo|ky; esa i<+us okyh ;qofr;ksa us “kke dk le; T+;knk vlqjf{kr crk;kA

jkaph dh efgyk ?kjsyw dkexkj Ldwy] V~;w”ku lsaVj] ckt+kj vkfn lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij viuh csfV;ksa ds lkFk tkus dks izkFkfedrk nsrh gSaA muesa ls ,d us crk;k fd mlus viuh csVh dh fgQ+ktr vkSj ifjokj dh cnukeh ds Mj ls viuh yM+dh dh “kknh 15 lky dh mez esa gh dj nh FkhA

exj] efgyk lsDl odZlZ dk vuqHko dkQ+h fHkUu gS % os fnu vkSj jkr esa fdlh Hkh le; “kgj dks vlqjf{kr ekurh gSaA tgka ,d vksj efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;ksa dks iqfyl dh ekStwnxh lqjf{kr vkSj Hkjkslk iSnk djus okyh fn[kk;h nsrh gS ogha nwljh rjQ efgyk ;kSu dfeZ;ksa dks ,slk ugha yxrk D;ksafd iqfyl okys vDlj muls iSlk ,saBrs gSa vkSj mUgsa ;kSu lq[k ds fy, et+cwj djrs gSaA lkoZtfud cuke futh LFkkuksa ds Q+d+Z ds ekeys esa efgyk ;kSu dfeZ;ksa dh jk; ,d ckj fQj vyx fn[kk;h nh % lkoZtfud ikdksZa esa vd+lj iqfyl dk Nkik iM+ tkrk gS vkSj fygkt+k os ogka ugha tkrha tcfd vxj os vius xzkgdksa ds lkFk muds futh LFkkuksa ij tk,a rks ogka mUgsa “kks’k.k dh vk”kadk jgrh gSA mUgsa vius ifjokj okyksa ds lkFk pyrs gq, Hkh lEeku dk vglkl ugha gksrk vkSj bldh otg ls os lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij csgn vlgt eglwl djrh gSaA12 jkaph vkSj gt+kjhckx ds {ks=ksa esa Hkh lqj{kk vkWfMV vH;kl ds nkSjku vlqjf{kr {ks=ksa dh igpku dh xbZA ;s lqj{kk vkWfMV Hkkx ds ist uacj esa lwfpc) gSaA

17

[kqn viuh LdwVh ij pyrs gq, Hkh eq>s lqjf{kr eglwl ugha gksrkA

,d ;qorh] jkaph

ges’kk [krjk jgrk gSA eSa rc rd cspSu jgrh gwa tc rd esjh Hksth gqbZ lkjh vkSjrsa lqjf{kr okil ugha ykSV vkrhaA

;kSu dehZ ] jkaph

jkaph dh dqN ?kjsyw dkexkj efgykvksa us “kgj esa iqfyldfeZ;ksa ds lkFk gq, csgn pkSadkus okys vuqHkoksa ds ckjs esa Hkh crk;kA ,d efgyk us crk;k fd tc og ,d ckj viuh uun ¼ftlus mlds flj ij ekjdj mls ?kk;y dj fn;k Fkk½ ds f[k+ykQ+ f”kdk;r ntZ+ djkus Fkkus esa xbZ rks ogka rSukr ofj’B iqfylokys us mls dgk fd f”kdk;r fy[kokuh gS rks igys dkxt+ vkSj isu [kjhndj ykvksA tc nwljs iqfylokyksa us mls ?kk;y efgyk dh enn djus dks dgk rks mlus nl #i;s dh fj”or ekaxhA vkf[kjdkj mls nl #i;s nsus iM+s vkSj rHkh mldh f”kdk;r nt+Z gqbZ vkSj og iqfylokyk mls vLirky ysdj x;kA dqN vU; efgykvksa us dgk fd mUgsa Fkkuksa esa rSukr iqfyl okys cgqr xSj&ennxkj yxrs gSaA ,d efgyk us crk;k fd gksyh ij os lkjs fi, gq, Fks vkSj mUgksaus mldh fjiksVZ nt+Z djus ls euk dj fn;k FkkA

lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ds vykok lkoZtfud ifjogu Hkh ;kSu mRihM+u dk ,d eq[; nk;jk crk;h x;hA jkaph esa lk>k vkWVks fjD”kk ifjogu dk lcls T+;knk bLrseky fd;k tkus okyk lkèku gS vkSj efgykvksa us bls gh lcls T+;knk vlqjf{kr crk;kA mUgksaus crk;k fd bu vkWVks fjD”kkvksa esa iq#’k efgykvksa ds lkFk fpiddj cSBrs gSa vkSj mudks ;gka&ogka lgykrs gSa] mudk nqiêk [khaprs] mudks Hkhaprs vkfn gSaA “kke dks lkr cts ds ckn vkWVks fjD”kk esa lokjh djuk [k+klrkSj ls vlqjf{kr crk;k x;kA

2- ;kSu mRihM+u dh otg vkSj mlds i{k esa fn;s x, rdZ

T+;knkrj yM+dksa us dgk fd yM+fd;kas@efgykvksa dh iks”kkd muds ;kSu mRihM+u dh otg gSA vk”p;Z dh ckr gS fd dqN efgyk,a ¼ukjh vnkyr ls lacaèkr efgykvksa½ vkSj jkaph dh dqN ?kjsyw dkexkjksa us Hkh dgk fd efgykvksa dh iks”kkd muds ;kSu mRihM+u dh otg cu tkrh gSA

eSa viuh cgu ds lkFk diM+s [kjhn jgh FkhA rHkh ikl esa [kM+k ,d vkneh esjh cgu dks ;gka&ogka Nwus yxk---- tc esjh cgu us eq>s crk;k rks eSa vkik [kks cSBhA eSaus ml vkneh dh ogha pIiy ls fiVkbZ dj nh---A exj ?kj ykSV dj eSaus viuh cgu dh Hkh [kwc [kcj yhA eSaus mlls iwNk fd og bruk gkbZusd igudj D;ksa x;h Fkh--- dksbZ T+;knk lgh diM+k D;ksa ugha iguk--- ?kj esa lHkh us mlds LosVj dks [kjkc crk;k vkSj vkf[kjdkj mlus og LosVj iguuk NksM+ fn;k--- gkbZusd esa rks iwjk ‘kjhj fn[kkbZ nsrk gS--- vxj dksbZ ,slh pht iguks tks ‘kjhj ls fpid tk, rks lc dqN fn[kk;h ugha nsxk D;k---!

?kjsyw dkexkj] jkaph

exj gtkjhckx esa ,dy efgykvkas vkSj jkaph esa ;kSu dfeZ;ksa ds lkFk vk;ksftr dh x;h ,QthMh lkewfgd ppkZ esa bl lksp ds tokc esa rdZ Hkh fn;s x,A mUgksaus [kqn ,slh yM+fd;ksa vkSj efgykvksa ds lkFk fgalk ds mnkgj.k fn;s tks fofHkUu ijaijkxr Hkkjrh; vkSj if”peh diM+s ¼lkM+h] lyokj dqrkZ ;k thal vkfn½ igus gq, FkhaA muds lkFk lM+dksa ij mRihM+u dh ?kVuk,a gksrh jgrh gSaA jkaph dh ,d yM+dh us crk;k fd cgqr lkjs f”k{kk laLFkkuksa esa efgykvksa ds ;kSu mRihM+u dks jksdus ds fy, mUgha dks vius diM+s] [k+klrkSj ls thUl] iguus ls jksd fn;k x;k gSA

18

gtkjhckx dh ,d ,dy efgyk us crk;k fd ^diM+ksa ds dkj.k ;kSu mRihM+u* dh lksp dks fdruh O;kid lkekftd ekU;rk feyh gqbZ gSA ml efgyk ds iM+ksl esa ,d ifjokj ds ?kj ds ckgj dqN vkneh gj jkst iVk[ks tyk;k djrs FksA tc og efgyk eqf[k;k ds ikl f”kdk;r ysdj x;h rks eqf[k;k] tksfd [kqn ,d vkSjr Fkh] us dgk fd bl ekeys esa og u rks [kqn dqN djsxh vkSj u gh dksbZ vkSj dqN djus okyk gS D;ksafd [kqn rqEgkjs ?kj dh yM+fd;ka gh HkM+dhys diM+s igurh gSaA blhfy, yM+ds mudks fu”kkuk cuk jgs gSaA

tks yM+fd;ka vkd”kZd yxrh gSa mu ij ;kSu mRihM+u dk [krjk T+;knk jgrk gSA

izfrfufèk] ukjh vnkyr

;kSu mRihM+u dh vk’kadk blls Hkh r; gksrh gS fd dksbZ yM+dh dSls pyrh gS] dSls ckr djrh gSA cksYM yM+dh esdi ls ynh pyrh gS---

fd”kksj yM+dk] jkaph fo”ofo|ky;

igyh ut+j esa gh irk py tkrk gS--- lyokj&lwV iguus dk Hkh ,d <ax gksrk gS] vkSj os rks fyifLVd yxkrh gSa] isfUly ghy igurh gSa] >qeds yVdk, jgrh gSaA

,d ;qok yM+dk gtkjhckx

vkSjrksa dh nsg Hkk’kk vkSj gko&Hkko ,d vkSj igyw Fkk tks lgHkkfx;ksa us egRoiw.kZ crk;kA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd i<+h&fy[kh] cM+s “kgjksa ls ifjfpr efgyk,a vkSj ^ekWMuZ* fn[kus okyh efgyk,a QkSju vknfe;ksa dk è;ku [khaprh gSaA gtkjhckx esa ;qok yM+dksa ds lkFk fd;s x, ,QthMh ds nkSjku iq#’kksa ds izoklu vkSj cssjkst+xkjh dks Hkh ;kSu mRihM+u dh ?kVukvksa esa btkQs dh otg crk;k x;kA

jkaph esa ?kjsyw dkexkjksa vkSj fuekZ.k et+nwjksa dk dguk Fkk fd blds ihNs “kjkc[kksjh eq[; otg gSA mUgksaus crk;k fd “kjkc dh T+;knkrj nqdkusa nsj jkr rd [kqyh jgrh gSa vkSj mu ij dksbZ [k+kl ikcafn;ka ugha gSaA vLirkyksa vkSj dkWystksa ds vklikl “kjkc dh nqdkuksa ds gksus dh otg ls ;gka yksxksa dh HkhM+ yxh jgrh gS] os ihrs gSa vkSj vklikl Vgyrs jgrs gSaA

jkaph ds ;kSu dehZ leqnk; dh jk; esa ;kSu dehZ ds :i esa mudh igpku dks gh muds ;kSu mRihM+u dk vkSfpR; eku fy;k tkrk gS %

ge rks jkst gh ;g NsM+[kkuh >syrs gSa] ge lM+d ij pysa rks ge ij rjg&rjg dh xkfy;ka vkSj fQdjs mNkys tkrs gSaA

mÙkjnkrkvksa us ;kSu mRihM+u dh leL;k ds ihNs fuEufyf[kr dkjdksa dks Hkh ft+Eesnkj crk;k % fQYeksa dk vlj] muesa enksZa o vkSjrksa dh [k+kl rjg dh Nfo;ka] vklikl [kM+s yksxksa ls enn u feyuk] iqfyl dh x”r esa deh vkSj yM+dksa o yM+fd;ksa dh [k+kl tsaMj Nfo;ksa ds vuqlkj ijofj”kA

gtkjhckx dh ,dy efgykvksa us ;g Hkh crk;k fd muds vdsys gksus dh otg ls Hkh muds lkeus mRihM+u dh vk”kadk c<+ tkrh gSA mu lHkh dk dguk Fkk fd os ,d cnukeh ds vglkl ds lkFk thrh gSa D;ksafd yksx vDlj mudh ihB ihNs muds ckjs esa mYVh&lhèkh ckrsa djrs gSaA muesa ls ,d us dgk fd vxj dksbZ foèkok vkSjr esdvi dj ys ;k vPNs diM+s igu ys rks ml ij yksx rkus dlus yxrs gSa vkSj vxj dksbZ vdsyh vkSjr “kke dks vaèksjk gksus ij ?kj ykSVs rks yksxksa esa [kqlj&iqlj “kq: gks tkrh gSA iM+kslh vkSj fj”rsnkj lHkh mudh vkenuh ij lansgkLin ckrsa djus yxrs gSaA

tc esjs ifr dk nsgkar gqvk--- rc eq>s [kqn gh gj dke ds fy, ckgj tkuk iM+rk Fkk--- tgka Hkh eSa tkrh rks tsB esjk ihNk djrk jgrk--- og lM+d ij nwj [kM+k gksdj ns[krk jgrk Fkk fd eSa dgka tk jgh gwa --- tSls gh eSa fdlh xkM+h esa cSBdj fudy tkrh rks og vklikl ds vknfe;ksa ;k yM+dksa ls iwNrk fd

19

eSa dgka xbZ gwa--- ^vc mldk dksbZ j[kokyk rks jgk ugha] og tgka pkgsxh tk,xh-- vc rks og vkt+kn gks x;h gS---A*

,dy efgyk] gtkjhckx

dqN mÙkjnkrkvksa us cgqr lkjh cfLr;ksa esa LVªhV ykbV~l ds u gksus vkSj lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij efgyk iqfyl ds vHkko dks Hkh fxuok;kA dqN ?kjsyw dkexkjksa us crk;k fd iqfyl Fkkuksa esa vdsys tkus ls Hkh ckr ugha curh D;ksafd dbZ ckj iqfyl okys ,QvkbZvkj fy[kus ls euk dj nsrs gSaA mudk vuqHko gS fd iqfyl okys rc T+;knk ft+Eesnkjh Hkjk crkZo djrs gSa tc efgyk,a lewg esa tkrh gSa] [kklrkSj ls efgykvksa ds fdlh xSj&ljdkjh laxBu ¼,uthvks½ ds lnL;ksa ds lkFk tkrh gSaA

3- ifjokj@leqnk; ds yksxksa dh izfrfØ;k vkSj fgLlsnkjh

>kj[kaM esa yM+fd;ksa vkSj efgykvksa ds lkFk ;kSu mRihM+u dh ?kVukvksa esa ftruk Hkkjh bt+kQk gqvk gS mldks ns[krs gq, yM+fd;kas vkSj efgykvksa ds ifjokj okys vDlj mudh fgQkt+r dks ysdj csgn cspSu jgrs gSaA dqN vèksM+ vkSj o`) efgykvksa ¼tSls ?kjsyw dkexkj½ us dgk fd mUgksaus blhfy, viuh csfV;ksa dh “kknh de mez esa dj nh rkfd muds lkFk ;kSu mRihM+u@fgalk dh dksbZ okjnkr u gks tk, vkSj ftlls mudh gksus okyh “kknh esa fo?u mRiUu u gks tk;sA

de mez yM+fd;ksa us lqj{kk ds loky ij vius ifjokjksa dh izfrfØ;k ds nks vge igyw crk, %

• igjsnkjh c<+ tkrh gS

Nk=kvksa vkSj dkedkth ;qofr;ksa us crk;k fd lkoZtfud LFkkuksa vkSj ifjogu lkèkuksa ij gksus okyh ;kSu mRihM+u dh vk”kadk ds dkj.k muds ?kj okys muds ?kj@gkWLVy esa ykSVus rd yxkrkj cspSu jgrs gSaA blhfy, os fnu Hkj vkSj “kke dks Hkh bl ckr ij yxkrkj ut+j j[krs gSa fd os dgka tk jgh gSaA eka&cki vkSj HkkbZ&cgu vDlj bu yM+fd;ksa vkSj efgykvksa dks Qksu djds iwNrs jgrs gSa fd os dgka gSa ;k Qksu ij eSlst Hkstdj irk yxkrs gSa fd os lqjf{kr gSa ;k ughaA

eka,a viuh csfV;ksa dks rks Qksu djrh gSa exj csVksa ls dHkh dqN ugha iwNrhaA yM+fd;ksa ds fy, d¶;Zw jgrk gS exj yM+dksa ds fy, [kqyh vkt+knh gksrh gSA

yM+fd;ksa dks ,d [k+kl <ax ls crkZo djus dh ulhgr nh tkrh gSA

esjh eka ckj&ckj eq>s dgrh jgrh gS % ,sls er galks] tksj ls ckr er fd;k djks] lhèkh dkWyst tkvks vkSj lhèkh ?kj ykSVksA

Nk=k,a] jkaph fo”ofo|ky;

gtkjhckx dh ,dy efgykvksa us Hkh crk;k fd mu ij gj oDr ut+j j[kh tkrh gS vkSj fygkt+k os u dsoy vius ?kj okyksa cfYd iM+ksfl;ksa vkSj lgdfeZ;ksa ds lkeus Hkh vlqjf{kr gks tkrh gSaA ,slh gh ,d efgyk us crk;k fd mlds iM+kslh us ml ij fdl rjg dk fQdjk dlk %

tc rqEgkjk vkneh ftank Fkk rks rqe ?kj ls dHkh&dHkh ckgj fudyrh FkhA vc rks rqe lnk ckgj gh jgrh gksA

gtkjhckx dh ,d fuekZ.k et+nwj us ;kSu mRihM+u dh vk”kadkvksa dks ns[krs gq, viuh csVh ds vkokxeu ij yxk;h ikcafn;ksa dks lgh Bgjk;kA mlus vius lkFk gqbZ ,d ?kVuk ds ckjs esa Hkh crk;k fd eksVj lkbfdyksa ij loky dqN fd”kksjksa ds fxjksg us mudks fdl rjg ijs”kku fd;k FkkA

20

eSa cgqr lkjk cks> fy;s tk jgh Fkh--- yM+dksa us ihNs ls eq>s ns[k fy;kA eSaus lwV iguk gqvk Fkk rks mudks yxk fd og dksbZ toku yM+dh gS--- ,d yM+dk vius nksLr ls dg jgk Fkk] ßvjs] ckbd jksd] ;s rks vPNk eky yxrh gSAÞ tc eSaus ihNs eqM+dj ns[kk rks os Hkkx x;s Fks- gekjs psgjs <ds jgrs gSa blfy, os gesa igpku ugha ldrs--- tc ge cw<+h vkSjrsa gh bl rjg ds gknlksa ls ugha cp ikrha rks eSa Hkyk viuh toku csfV;ksa dks vdsys ckgj dSls Hkst ldrh gwa--- D;k irk D;k gks tk,\ tekuk cgqr [kjkc gS --- cgqr cqjs fnu vk x, gSa--- blhfy, eSa viuh yM+fd;ksa dks ?kj ls fudyus gh ugha nsrhaA

gtkjhckx dh ,d vkSj fuekZ.k et+nwj ls crk;k fd og viuh csVh dks dHkh dke ij ugha Hkstrh vkSj mldks ckgj Hkstus dh ctk; ?kj esa mcyk gqvk Qhdk pkoy [kkus dks Hkh rS;kj gSA muesa dqN efgykvksa us dgk fd mudh csfV;ka dHkh Hkh vius ifjokj okyksa ds fcuk ckgj ugha tkrhaA

• ifjokj okyksa ls ;kSu mRihM+u dks fNikuk

T+;knkrj yM+fd;ksa o efgykvksa us dgk fd os ;kSu mRihM+u dh ?kVukvksa ds ckjs esa vius ifjokj okyksa ds lkFk ckr ugha djrhaA bldh ctk;s os viuh lgsfy;ksa ls bl ckjs esa ckr djrh gSaA mUgksaus ;g Hkh dgk fd mudh lgsfy;ka mUgsa bl rjg ds gknlkas dks utjvankt djus dh lykg nsrh gSaA mudk dguk gS fd bl rjg ds eokfy;ksa ds f[k+ykQ+ gesa dksbZ dne ugha mBkuk pkfg,A dqN yM+fd;ksa dks gsYiykbu uacjksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh Fkh tks jsfM;ks LVs”kuksa ij crk, tkrs gSa vkSj mUgksaus efgykvksa ds laxBuksa ds ckjs esa Hkh lquk Fkk ftuls t:jr iM+us ij laidZ fd;k tk ldrk gSA

xkSj djus dh ckr gS fd gtkjhckx dh dqN LukrdksÙkj rd f”kf{kr yM+fd;ksa us dgk fd mUgsa ifjokj ds iq#’k lnL;kas dh ekStwnxh esa viuh vkokt+ mBkus esa T+;knk eqf”dy eglwl gksrh gSA os vius ifjokj okyksa vkSj ,sls eokfy;ksa ds chp ekjihV vkSj QyLo:i ifjtuksa dks pksV yxus dh vk”kadk ls Mjh jgrh gSaA lkFk gh mUgsa yxrk gS fd blds ckn mudks gh bu urhtksa ds fy, ft+Eesnkj Bgjk;k tk,xkA

dqN fd”kksfj;ksa dks bl ckr Mj jgrk gS fd vxj os ijs”kku djus okys yM+dksa@vknfe;ksa ds f[k+ykQ+ vkokt+ mBk,axh rks muds f[k+ykQ+ gksus okyh ,slh fgalk vkSj c<+ tk,xhA vijkèk djus okyksa }kjk tokch geys dk ;g Mj yM+fd;ksa dks pqi j[kus esa cM+k dkjxj lkfcr gqvk gSA mUgksaus ,d yM+dh ds ckjs esa crk;k ftlus vius lkFk gqbZ ;kSu mRihM+u dh ?kVuk ds f[k+ykQ+ f”kdk;r ntZ+ djk;h Fkh vkSj cnys esa 12 yM+dksa us mldk cykRdkj fd;kA

bu yM+fd;ksa dh ,d vkSj fVIi.kh cM+h xkSjryc Fkh % yM+fd;ksa ds eka&cki@vfHkHkkod ;kSu mRihM+u dh ?kVuk ds le; vfèkdka”kr% pqi jgrs gSaA mUgsa yxrk gS fd ^vPNs ?kjksa ds yksx ,sls xqaMs&eokfy;ksa ds eqag ugha yxrs vkSj bl rjg dh ?kVukvksa dks utjvankt+ dj fn;k djrs gSaA* mUgsa ;g Hkh Mj jgrk gS fd blls fLFkfr vkSj fcxM+ ldrh gS vkSj yM+dh ds lkFk igys ls T+;knk fgalk Hkh gks ldrh gSA

jkaph dh ,d fuekZ.k et+nwj us crk;k fd vxj ge vius ;kSu mRihM+u ds ckjs esa nwljh vkSjrksa@lgsfy;ksa ls ckr djsa rks blls u dsoy vkSjrksa dk Mj de gks tkrk gS cfYd tkx:drk Hkh QSyrh gS vkSj blls vijkèk dks jksdus esa enn feyrh gS %

D;k ,slk ugha gksrk fd tc ge fdlh rjg ds ;kSu mRihM+u ls xqtjrs gSa rks fdlh dks dqN ugha crkrs----! ,slk ugha gksuk pkfg, --- vkt ;s esjs lkFk gqvk gS] dy rqEgkjs lkFk Hkh gks ldrk gS--- gesa vkSjksa dks crkuk t:j pkfg,--- ,d ls nks] nks ls pkj] pkj ls vkB--- tc ge nwljksa ds lkFk ckr djrs gSa rks gekjk Mj [kRe gks tkrk gSA

fuekZ.k etnwj] jkaph

;kSu mRihM+u ds ckjs esa efgykvksa dh vkilh ckrphr vkSj ,dtqVrk ds bl mngkj.k ds foijhr mldh gh ,d lkFkh et+nwj dh ckrksa ls irk pyk fd vkSjrsa D;ksa pqi jgrh gSa vkSj D;ksa os viuh csfV;ksa dks Hkh pqi jgus dh fgnk;r nsrh gSaA

21

tc fdlh vkSjr ds lkFk dqN gksrk gS rks mlh dh cnukeh gksrh gS] mldks NsM+us okys vkneh dh cnukeh ugha gksrh--- eSa mls ¼viuh csVh½ dks ;gh le>krh gwa---A

ifjokj dh Hkwfedk ds fygkt ls ;kSu dfeZ;ksa us ,d vyx ut+fj;s ls ckr dhA muesa ls T+;knkrj dk dguk Fkk fd muds ?kj okyksa dks irk ugha gS fd os D;k djrh gSaA os vius ?kj okyksa ls ugha crkrha fd os ;kSu dehZ gSa exj blls muds fy, vupkgs urhts Hkh lkeus vkrs gSa % vius ifjokj okyksa dh tkudkjh vkSj enn ds vHkko esa ;kSu dfeZ;ksa muds fy, vkSj T+;knk tksf[ke Hkjk cu tkrk gS vkSj “kgj esa dke djuk muds fy, vkSj eqf”dy gks tkrk gSA

tc eSa vdsyh gksrh gwa rks eq>s Mj ugha yxrk exj tc ?kjokyksa ds lkFk dgha tkrh gwa rks ges’kk Mj yxrk gSA vxj mudks irk py x;k fd eSa D;k djrh gwa rks D;k gksxk\

;kSu dehZ] jkaph

fodykax ;kSu dfeZ;ksa ds fy, fLFkfr vkSj Hkh uktqd gks tkrh gS D;ksafd os lcls T+;knk gkf”k;s ij thrh gSaA muesa ls ,d ;kSu dehZ us crk;k fd mls dke ds nkSjku cgqr T+;knk ,gfr;kr cjruh iM+rh gSA ß,d ckj esjs ,d xzkgd us esjh cSlkf[k;ka fNik nh FkhaA lqjf{kr jguk t:jh gS pkgs dekbZ de gh D;ksa u gksAÞ

4- geykojksa@vijkfèk;ksa dh i`"BHkwfe

tc geykojksa ds ckjs esa ppkZ gqbZ rks fQj ls dbZ rjg ds tokc lkeus vk,A dqN yM+fd;ksa us crk;k fd ;s yksx gkf”k;kbZ leqnk;ksa ds yM+ds] “kjkch vkSj u”ks ds vknh yksx] fd”kksj ;k ckgj ls vkdj i<+kbZ dj jgs dkWyst fo|kFkhZ gksrs gSa tks efgykvksa dks T+;knk rax djrs gSaA cgqr lkjh efgykvksa us vkWVks fjD”kk Mªkbojksa] gkWdjksa] nthZ ;k xkao okyksa dk Hkh ft+Ø fd;kA dqN dk dguk Fkk fd lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij yM+ds >qaM cuk dj bl rjg dh gjdrsa djrs gSaA dbZ;ksa us dgk fd ^csjkstxkj* yM+ds] xjhc ?kjksa ds yM+ds ;k cl daMDVj gh T+;knkrj vkSjrksa dks NsM+rs gSaA

dqN efgykvksa o yM+fd;ksa dk dguk Fkk fd lHkh mez ds vkneh vkSjrksa dks ijs”kku djrs gSa] [k+klrkSj ls 40&50 lky okys enZA jkaph dh ?kjsyw dkexkjksa ds eqrkfcd] de mez ds yM+dksa ls ysdj vèksM+ vknfe;ksa rd] gj mez ds vkneh bl rjg dh gjdrksa esa “kkfey jgrs gSaA

gekjh viuh mez ds yM+ds tc gekjs lkFk cSBrs gSa rks fQj Hkh FkksM+k Q+klyk j[kus dh dksf’k’k djrs gSaA os QfCr;ka dlrs gSa] vka[k ekjrs gSa] lhVh ctkrs gSa exj T+;knk mez ds vkneh rks yxkrkj Nwus dh dksf’k’k djrs gSaA

;qorh] jkaph

jkaph dh ,d dkWyst Nk=k us M~;wVh ij rSukr iqfyl okyksa dks Hkh bl rjg dh gjdrksa esa “kkfey crk;kA mlds eqrkfcd %

dqN LFkkuksa ds vklikl rSukr iqfyl okys ;k efgyk dkWystksa ds vklikl rSukr gksexkMZ ds toku tc viuh eksVj lkbfdyksa ij cSBdj x’r ds fy, fudyrs gSa rks os Hkh yM+fd;ksa dks ?kwjrs gSa vkSj mudks ns[kdj eqLdjkrs gSaA os yM+fd;ksa dks vka[k ekjrs gSaA muesa ls ,d us rks ,d ckj ,d yM+dh dh LdVZ esa gkFk gh Mky fn;k FkkA

dqN lgHkkfx;ksa us vius HkwriwoZ tksM+hnkjksa dks Hkh laHkkfor mRihM+d crk;kA efgykvkas us crk;k fd tc dksbZ lacèka fcxM+ tkrk gS ;k dksbZ vkSjr fdlh vkneh dh dksf”k”kksa dk izfrjksèk djrh gS rks mlds lkFk fgalk dh

22

laHkkouk c<+ tkrh gSA dqN fd”kksjksa us bl rjg dh gjdrksa dks lgh Bgjkus dh Hkh dksf”k”k dhA os Hkh bl rjg dh ?kVukvksa ds ckjs esa tkurs Fks ftuesa yM+dh@efgyk }kjk fdlh yM+ds@vkneh dks Bqdjk nsus ;k euk dj nsus ds QyLo:i yM+dh@efgyk fgalk dh f”kdkj gqbZA ,d yM+ds us 2011 dh ?kVuk crk;h ftleas ,d yM+dh dk xyk dkV fn;k x;k Fkk D;ksafd mlus ml yM+ds dk izLrko Bqdjk fn;k FkkA

vxj yM+dk yM+dh dks tkurk gh ugha gS rks og csotg mlls D;kas my>sxk\

fd”kksj yM+dk] jkaph fo”ofo|ky;

;kSu dfeZ;ksa ds lkFk muds dk;Z LFky ij vkSj laHkkfor xzkgdksa }kjk Hkh ;kSu mRihM+u gks ldrk gSA gks ldrk gS muds dk;ZLFky ges”kk [kqys LFkku u gksa exj mUgksaus tks dqN crk;k mlls dqN vge loky [kM+s gksrs gSa ftu ij gesa xkSj djuk pkfg,A jkaph dh nks ;kSu dfeZ;ksa us crk;k fd ,d lewg ds rkSj ij dke djus ds ckotwn ,d ckj os nsg O;kikj ds tky esa Qal x;h Fkh vkSj mUgsa fnYyh Hkst fn;k x;k FkkA ogka nks fnu rd mUgsa dSn djds j[kk x;kA ftl oDr mudks cspus dk lkSnk gks jgk Fkk mlh nkSjku tSls&rSls Hkkx dj os fudy vk;ha %

ge lqcg rdjhcu rhu cts tSls&rSls ogka ls fudysA ulhc dh ckr gS fd gesa ,d vkWVks fey x;kA tgka&rgka ls gekjs diM+s QVs gq, FksA vkWVks okys us gels iwNk fd D;k ge ?kj ls Hkkxdj vk;h gSaA ij fQj mlus gekjh enn dh vkSj gesa vkuan fogkj jsyos LVs’ku ij tkdj NksM+ fn;kA ogka jkaph ds fy, dksbZ Vªsu ugha Fkh blfy, fQj ge ubZ fnYyh jsyos LVs’ku xbZ vkSj ogka lhvkjih,Q okyksa ls ckr dhA mUgksaus gesa lgh jsyxkM+h esa p<+k;k vkSj rc fdlh rjg ge okil ?kj ykSVhA

blh rjg dh ?kVuk,a dqN vU; ;kSu dfeZ;ksa us Hkh crk;haA ,d us crk;k fd fdl rjg og vius ,d xzkgd ls feyus mlds ?kj xbZ Fkh exj ogka ml vkneh us mls pkj fnu rd can djds j[kkA og mldks cspus dh ;kstuk cuk jgk FkkA

5- lkoèkkfu;ka

efgykvkas vkSj yM+fd;ksa us crk;k fd lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij os ,d tSls lqj{kkRed mik; cjrrh gSaA elyu] ges”kk pkSdl vkSj fgEer ls jguk] djkVs vkfn vkRej{kk i)fr;ksa dk izf”k{k.k] efgyk gsYiykbu vkSj iqfyl ds Qksu uacjksa dks Qksu esa ges”kk Åij j[kuk] eksckby ges”kk pktZ djds j[kuk] if”peh ;k LVkbfy”k diM+ksa ls cpuk] lyokj dqrkZ o nqiêk iguuk rFkk vknfe;ksa dks ^HkS;k* dgdj iqdkjukA dbZ us ;g Hkh crk;k fd os ls¶Vh fiu vkSj pkdw tSlh èkkjnkj phtsa] filh gqbZ fepZ vkSj ij¶;we Hkh lkFk ysdj pyrh gSa exj T+;knkrj dk dguk Fkk fd mUgksaus u rks dHkh [kqn budk bLrseky fd;k gS vkSj u gh fdlh dks budk [k+kl bLrseky djrs gq, ns[kk gSA

;kSu dfeZ;ksa }kjk bLrseky dh tkus okyh lkoèkkfu;ka % ,d nwljs ds laidZ esa jguk] xzkgd dh xkM+h dk uacj viuh lkfFk;ksa dks Hkst nsuk] eksckby Qksu ls xzkgd dh rLohj ysdj mls viuh lkfFk;ksa dks HkstukA jkaph dh yM+fd;ksa o efgykvksa us bu lkoèkkfu;ksa dk Hkh mYys[k fd;k %

>qXxh cfLr;ksa esa nqiêk igudj pyuk okdbZ vPNk jgrk gSA

dqN [kkl bykdksa ls ge cpdj pyrh gSaA [k+klrkSj ls vaèksjk gksus ds cknA ge ‘kke dks 5-30 o 6-00 cts rd ?kj igqapus dh iwjh dksf’k’k djrh gSaA

gesa jkst ,d gh jkLrk ysuk iM+rk gSA vktdy rstkch geys oxSjg vke gks x, gSaA blhfy, ge fdlh ls dqN ugha dgrsA

23

;s lkjs mik; bu yM+fd;ksa dh euksn”kk ds ckjs esa cgqr dqN dg tkrs gSaA vkSj buls ;kSu mRihM+u ds cgqr lkjs nwljs igyw Hkh lkeus vk jgs gSa % xjhc ;k etnwj oxhZ; iq#’kksa ds izfr vke vfo”okl] vkSjrksa }kjk [kqn ij yxk;h tk jgh ikcafn;ka] vkSj T+;knk fgalk dh vk”kadk ftldh otg ls os pqipki mRihM+u dks >syus yxrh gSaA jkaph dh ,d ,dy efgyk us Hkh lqj{kk dh [kjkc gksrh fLFkfr ds lkeus pqipki ?kqVus Vsd nsus dh blh Hkkouk dks O;Dr djrs gq, dgk fd vkSjrksa o yM+fd;ksa dks vius ?kj esa gh jgdj dksbZ ?kj dk dke djuk pkfg, rkfd mUgsa ckgj u tkuk iM+sA

24

eq[; lwpuknkrkvksa ds lk{kkRdkjikfjokfjd losZ{k.k vkSj ,QthMh ,slh i)fr;ka gSa tks fdlh Hkh “kksèk vè;;u esa rjg&rjg dh cgqr lkjh vkokt+ksa dks lekfgr dj ldrh gSa exj dqN lacafèkr i{k ,sls gksrs gSa ftuds vuqHkoksa vkSj fopkjksa ij [k+klrkSj ls è;ku nsuk t:jh gks tkrk gSA ßeq[; lwpuknkrk dk lk{kkRdkjÞ blh dk ,d lkèku gS ftldh enn ls ge pqfuank vkokt+ksa dks vkSj vPNh rjg ntZ+ dj ldrs gSaA dgus dk eryc ;g gS fd ftu yksxksa ds ikl fdlh eqís ds fofHkUu dks.kksa ds ckjs esa lcls T+;knk vkSj fo”oluh; le> o tkudkjh gS] muds foLr`r lk{kkRdkj fy;s tk,a vkSj muls vuqHko vkèkkfjr tkudkfj;ka bdëk dh tk,aA

bl vè;;u esa “kkfey QhYM fjlpZlZ us ,sls@,slh O;fDr;ksa ls ckr dh tks >kj[kaM esa yksd lqj{kk ds fofHkUu vk;keksa ij lfØ; gSa lyax.kd 2 dks ns[ksaA ;s bu laxBuksa@laLFkkvksa vkSj lsokvksa dk izfrfufèkRo djrs@djrh gSa % ,dy ukjh “kfDr laxBu] jkaph flVh cl lfoZl ¼jkaph uxj fuxe½] eS=h] jkT; efgyk vk;ksx] efgyk Fkkuk] xqykch vkWVks fjD”kk] efgyk lkek[;k] rFkk t+sfo;lZ baLVhV~;wV vkWQ lks”ky LVMhl ¼xzkeh.k izcaèku foHkkx½A

bu lk{kkRdkjksa ls tks lq>ko feys mudks fjiksVZ ds vkf[kjh fgLls esa ^flQkfj”ksa* “kh’kZd Hkkx esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA fuEufyf[kr fcanq eq[; lwpuknkrkvksa }kjk fn;s x, izeq[k lq>koksa vkSj fopkjksa dks lkj :i esa izLrqr djrs gSaA

• mu lewgksa ij T+;knk è;ku fn;k tk, ftuds lkeus ;kSu mRihM+u o fgalk dh vk”kadk T+;knk gS] tSls ,dy efgyk,aA

• lM+dksa] LVªhV ykbV~l vkSj “kkSpky; tSlh cqfu;knh <kaps dh lqfoèkkvksa dk fu;fer j[kj[kko vkSj ejEer dh tk,A

• vke turk ds fy, rFkk iqfyl] VªSfQd iqfyl vkSj yksd ifjogu vkfn foHkkxksa esa dke djus okys yksxksa ds fy, le;&le; ij tsaMj laosnhdj.k dk;ZØe pyk, tk,aA

• lkoZtfud ifjogu O;oLFkk dks vkSj iq[rk fd;k tk,] mls iwjs “kgj ds Hkhrj vkSj vklikl ds bykdksa rd QSyk;k tk,A

• lkoZtfud clksa esa efgyk deZpkfj;ksa dks Hkh rSukr fd;k tk, vkSj efgykvksa }kjk pyk, tk jgs vkWVks fjD”kkvksa dh la[;k c<+k;h tk,A

• lHkh O;olk;ksa esa ;kSu mRihM+u fojksèkh lfefr;ksa dk xBu fd;k tk,A

Hkkx 4

25

eq[; urhts % ls¶Vh vkWfMVfdlh txg ds cqfu;knh <kaps dk vè;;u djus vkSj fofHkUu dfe;ksa o fparkvksa dks igpkuus ds fy, ls¶Vh vkWfMV ;k lqj{kk vkfMV dh i)fr dkQ+h dkjxj lkfcr gksrh gSA blesa fofHkUu lqj{kk ekudksa ds vkèkkj ij tkudkfj;ka bdëk dh tkrh gSaA blds fy, izf”k{k.k izkIr vkWfMVj ¼ftuesa LFkkuh; fuoklh Hkh “kkfey gksrs gSa½ fuèkkZfjr lM+dksa] ikdksaZ] xfy;kas] [kqys LFkkuksa vkfn ls iSny xqtjrs gSaA os vius isz{k.kksa ds tfj, rFkk ogka jgus okys yksxksa ds lkFk ckrphr ds vkèkkj ij bl ckr dks ekirs gSa fd os LFkku fdrus lqjf{kr gSaA bl izfØ;k esa ,sls lHkh HkkSfrd o lkekftd rRoksa dk tk;t+k fy;k tkrk gS tks ml LFkku dks lqjf{kr ;k vlqjf{kr cukrs gSaA ,sls LFkkuksa vkSj bykdksa dks [k+klrkSj ls ls¶Vh vkWfMV esa “kkfey fd;k tkrk gS tgka efgykvksa o cPpksa dk vkokxeu T+;knk gksrk gS] tSls cl LVki] ckt+kj vkSj ikdZ vkfnA ls¶Vh vkWfMV dh i)fr 1989 esa igyh ckj dukMk esa bLrseky dh x;h Fkh vkSj rc ls nqfu;k Hkj ds “kgjksa esa viuk;h tk jgh gSA jkaph vkSj gtkjhckx esa ls¶Vh vkWfMV ds fy, ls¶Vhfiu ,si dk bLrseky fd;k x;k FkkA

nksuksa gh “kgjksa esa ls¶Vh vkWfMV 15 yksxkas dh ,d Vhe }kjk flracj 2015 esa fd;s x, FksA bl Vhe esa 12 okWyafV;j l`tu QkmaMs”ku ls vkSj rhu lnL; tkxksjh o ls¶Vhfiu dh vksj ls FkhaA ;s vkWfMV “kke 5 cts ls 10 cts ds chp fd;s x,A

mijksDr uD”ks esa jkaph vkSj gtkjhckx esa ls¶Vh vkWfMV ds QyLo:i cuk;h x;h fiu fn[kk;h ns jgh gSaA

Hkkx 5

ekufp= 1 % >kj[kaM esa ls¶Vh vkWfMV fiu

26

nksuksa “kgjksa esa ntZ fd;s x, 325 ls¶Vh vkWfMV fiuksa esa ls 230 jkaph esa vkSj 95 gtkjhckx esa FksA nksuksa “kgjksa esa dbZ jkLrksa dks lksp&le>dj vkWfMV ds fy, pquk x;kA buesa vkoklh; bykds] izeq[k cktkj] fo”ofo|ky;] Nkouh] izeq[k ekxZ vkSj ifjogu fcanq vkfn “kkfey FksA ,sls lHkh laHkkfor lkoZtfud LFkkuksa dk tk;t+k ysus dh dksf”k”k dh x;h tgka ls “kgj ds cqfu;knh <kaps vkSj lqj{kk dh fLFkfr ds ckjs esa irk py ldrk gSA jkaph esa ls¶Vh vkWfMV ds fy, tks vkB jkLrs pqus x, os Fks gfV;k] LVs”ku jksM] osLV v”kksd uxj] ppZ jksM] esu jksM] ,e th jksM] cSjkrw] dkads vkSj ldqZyj jksMA gtkjhckx esa tks ikap jkLrs pqus x, os Fks % jkaph&te”ksniqj jksM] dsujh fgYl] uokcxat] jkaph&iVuk jksM vkSj lhVh,l dkWyksuhA

vkWfMVlZ us “kgj ds cqfu;knh <kaps ds ckjs esa MsVk bdëk fd;k vkSj lkFk gh lM+d ij xqtjrs yksxksa ls Hkh lqj{kk ds ckjs esa mudh jk; bdëk dhA

xzkQ 1 % ls¶Vh vkWfMV~l dk fnu@jkr dk dk;ZØe

>kj[kaM esa fd;s x, ls¶Vh vkWfMV~l bl ckr dks n”kkZrs gSa fd cgqr lkjs lkoZtfud LFkku tks fd fnu ds le; lqjf{kr vkSj igqap ds Hkhrj fn[kk;h nsrs gSa ogh fnu <yus ds ckn vlqjf{kr vkSj lqulku gksus yxrs gSaA fygkt+k] tSlk fd xzkQ 1 esa fn[kk;h iM+ jgk gS] T+;knkrj ls¶Vh vkWfMV ¼94 izfr”kr½ “kke dks 5 ls 8 cts ds chp fd;s x,A “kke 8 cts ds ckn dsoy 5 izfr”kr vkWfMV fd;s x,A

>kj[kaM ds foLr`r fo”ys’k.k ds vkèkkj ij gekjh jk; esa ;g jkT; ukxfjdksa] [k+klrkSj ls efgykvksa o cPpksa ds fy, ,d vlqjf{kr jkT; dh Js.kh esa vkrk gSA 0-3 ds iSekus ij bldk vkSlr Ldksj lHkh ls¶Vh vkWfMV ekudksa ij d+kQh n;uh; jgk gSA

xzkQ 2 esa fn[kk;k x;k gS fd HkhM+ lacaèkh igyw ds vykok ¼ftldk Ldksj vkSlr gS½ ckdh lHkh vWkfMV dlkSfV;kas ij ;gka dh jsfVax vkSlr o [kjkc ls uhps gh jgh gSA tsaMj larqfyr HkhM+] izR;{k ljdkjh o futh lqj{kk cankscLr] lkoZtfud ifjogu lkèkuksa dh miyCèkrk] lM+d ij mtkys vkSj LVªhV ykbV~l dh fLFkfr [k+kl rkSj ls [kjkc fn[kk;h nsrh gSA

Before 5Pm

5pm-6pm

6pm-7pm

7pm-8pm

8pm-9pm

After 9pm

45%

35%

27

xzkQ 2 % ls¶Vh vkWfMV ekudksa ij vkSlr Ldksj ¼>kj[kaM½

xzkQ 3 ¼uhps½ fn[kkrk gS fd HkhM+ esa efgykvksa vkSj iq#’kksa dh ,d tSlh mifLFkfr] lqj{kkdfeZ;ksa dh izR;{k mifLFkfr] HkhM+HkkM+ vkSj lM+dksa ij mtkys ls lqj{kk ds vglkl ij lcls T+;knk vlj iM+rk gSA blds ckn lkoZtfud ifjogu] lM+d ij fuxkg vkSj bykds dk [kqykiu Hkh bls izHkkfor djrk gSA pyus dk vPNk jkLrk lqj{kk ds vglkl ij T+;knk vlj ugha MkyrkA

xzkQ 3 % lqj{kk cksèk ds lkFk ls¶Vh vkWfMV dlkSfV;ksa dk lglacaèk

tc ge xzkQ 2 vkSj xzkQ 3 dh rqyuk djrs gSa rks lkQ gks tkrk gS fd LVªhV ykbVksa] flD;ksfjVh cankscLr] lkoZtfud ifjogu dh miyCèkrk dh fLFkfr esa lqèkkj djus dh l[r t:jr gSA lkFk gh lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij efgykvksa vkSj iq#’kksa dh leku lgHkkfxrk Hkh vko”;d gSA

jkaph esa fd;s x, ls¶Vh vkWfMV ds urhts

o’kZ 2000 esa tc jkaph dks uoxfBr >kj[kaM jkT; dh jktèkkuh ?kksf’kr fd;k x;k rks ;gka cM+h la[;k esa izoklh vkus yxs FksA ns”k ds r`rh; Js.kh “kgjksa esa jkaph ,slk “kgj gS tgka bl chp cM+h la[;k esa jkstxkj iSnk gq, gSaA ;g jkT; dk rhljk lcls cM+k “kgj vkSj nwljk lcls T+;knk tula[;k okyk ftyk ¼èkuckn ds ckn½ Hkh gSA

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0Light Open Visible Crowd Security Path Transport Gender

UsageykbV [kqykiu izR;{k HkhM+ lqj{kk jkLrk ifjogu tsaMj iz;ksx

ykbV [kqykiu izR;{k HkhM+ lqj{kk jkLrk ifjogu tsaMj v iz;ksx

glkl

28

jkstxkj ds vykok f”k{kk dh laHkkouk,a ,d vkSj otg gSa ftlds pyrs nwljs bykdksa ds yksx jkaph dh rjQ vkrs gSaA jkaph tSls yxkrkj c<+rs] QSyrs “kgj ds ekeys esa lkoZtfud lqj{kk ekudksa ij è;ku nsuk vkSj Hkh T+;knk t:jh gks tkrk gSA

ekufp= 2 % jkaph ds fy, ls¶Vh vkWfMV dlkSfV;ka

uD”ks esa fn[kk;h ns jgs xgjs lysVh] gYds lysVh vkSj lQsn fu”kku Åij mfYyf[kr pkj dlkSfV;ksa ds izlax esa [kjkc] vkSlr vkSj vPNs Ldksj ds |ksrd gSaA lqj{kk ds vglkl ij lcls T+;knk vlj Mkyus okys dkjdksa dk fo”ys’k.k djus ds fy, ls¶Vh vkWfMV ds izR;sd ekud ij vkèkkfjr tks Ldksj vk, gSa mudk vkWfMVlZ ds vius ^lqj{kk cksèk* ds lkFk feyku fd;k x;kA

29

pkj uD”kksa dk ;g lewg ¼ekufp= 2½ tsaMj fofoèkrk] ¼lkoZtfud vkSj futh½ lqj{kk] ykbfVax vkSj lkoZtfud ifjogu] bu pkj ekudksa ds lkFk lkFk vkWfMV ds urhtksa dks fn[kkrk gSA

ekufp= 3 % jkaph esa ls¶Vh vkWfMV fiu

tSlk fd ekufp= 3 esa fn[kk;h iM+ jgk gS] jkaph esa dqN gjs fiu ¼;kfu lqjf{kr bykds½ Hkh gSa( T+;knkrj fiu yky ¼;kfu vlqjf{kr½ rFkk xgjs ihys ¼vkSlr lqj{kk Lrj½ gSaA

xzkQ 4 % jkaph esa lqj{kk ds ekudksa dk vkSlr

xzkQ 4 esa fn[kk;k x;k gS fd jkaph esa lHkh ekudksa ij Ldksj vkSlr ls uhps jgk gS % vfèkdre 3 vad okys xzkQ ij 1-5 ls Hkh de vadA

3

2.5

2

1.5

1

0.5

0Light Open Visible Crowd Security Path Transport Gender Feeling

UsageykbV [kqykiu izR;{k HkhM+ lqj{kk jkLrk ifjogu tsaMj iz;ksx

vglkl

30

bl fo”ys’k.k ¼xzkQ 4½ ds urhtksa dh iqf’V xzkQ 5 esa fn;s x, urhtksa ls Hkh gksrh gS ftlesa mu vkBksa LFkkuksa dk fooj.k fn;k x;k gS ftudk vkfMV fd;k x;kA esu jksM vkSj ,e th jksM ds vykok ckdh lHkh bykdksa esa mtkys] lqj{kk] tsaMj larqfyr iz;ksx vkSj LVªhV ykbfVax dk Ldksj vkSlr jgk gSA esu jksM vkSj ,e th jksM “kgj ds lcls lqjf{kr bykds fn[kk;h nsrs gSa exj dkads fopfyr djus dh gn rd vlqjf{kr fn[kk;h iM+rk gSA ;gka lHkh vkfMV ekudksa dk Ldksj cgqr [kjkc vk;kA xkSj djus dh ckr gS fd dkads esa lkoZtfud ifjogu O;oLFkk iwjh rjg xk;c gSA

xzkQ 5 % jkaph ds vkB pqus x, LFkkuksa ij vkSlr lqj{kk Ldksj

lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij lqj{kk ds Lrj dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjdksa dks igpkuus ds fy, lqj{kk cksèk dk ls¶Vh vkWfMV ds “ks’k ekudksa ls feyku djds ns[kk x;kA

xzzkQ 6 % lqj{kk cksèk ds lkFk ls¶Vh vkWfMV ekudksa dk feyku

xzkQ 6 esa fn[kk;k x;k gS fd tc lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij HkhM+HkkM+ gksrh gS] ogka efgykvksa vkSj iq#’kkas dh mifLFkfr cjkcj gksrh gS] ogka mtkyk gksrk gS vkSj lqj{kkdehZ ekStwn gksrs gSa rks lqj{kk dk Hkko Hkh T+;knk gksrk gSA lkoZtfud ifjogu] ^lM+d ij vka[kksa* dh mifLFkfr ;kfu xgekxgeh rFkk [kqykiu lqj{kk ds vglkl dks iq’V djus okys dkjdksa dh lwph esa blds ckn vkrs gSaA bu vkWfMV~l dk ,d vge lcd ;g gS fd lqj{kk ds vglkl ij cqfu;knh <kaps dh fLFkfr vkSj lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij yksxksa dh mifLFkfr] nksuksa ls lhèkk Q+d+Z iM+rk gSA

gfV;k

LVs'ku jksM&v'kksd uxj

,eth jksM

ppZ jksM

esu jksM

cSjkrw]

dkads

ldqZyj jksMykb

V[kqy

kiu,gl

kl

izR;{k

HkhM+ lqj{

kk jkLrk

ifjogu

tsaMj

iz;ksx

ykbV [kqykiu izR;{k HkhM+ lqj{kk jkLrk ifjogu tsaMj iz;ksx

31

gtkjhckx esa ls¶Vh vkWfMV ds urhts

>kj[kaM esa nwljs lcls fo”kky dks;yk HkaMkj gtkjhckx esa fLFkr gSaA QyLo:i] ;g “kgj jkT; dk ,d izeq[k vkS|ksfxd dsanz cu x;k gSA blds pyrs izokfl;ksa dh ,d vPNh&[k+klh vkcknh csgrj jkst+xkj voljksa dh laHkkouk dks ns[krs gq, gtkjhckx esa vkdj cl x;h gSA

ekufp= 4 % gtkjhckx esa ls¶Vh vkWfMV fiusa

gtkjhckx esa ls¶Vh vkWfMV ¼ekufp= 4½ esa T+;knkrj yky jax ds fiu ¼;kfu vlqjf{kr bykds½ fn[kk;h nsrs gSa tcfd dqN fiu xgjs ihys jax ds gSa tks bl ckr ds |ksrd gSa fd ;s lkoZtfud LFkku lqj{kk vkSj fu;kstu dh n`f’V ls vkSlr Lrj ij gSaA

xzkQ 7 % gtkjhckx esa lqj{kk ekudksa dk vkSlr Ldksj

xzkQ 7 Åij esa fn[kk;k x;k gS fd gtkjhckx ds Ldksj [kqysiu ds vykok T+;knkrj lqj{kk ekudksa ds ekeys esa vkSlr ls dkQ+h uhps gSaA lkoZtfud LFkkuksa dk efgykvksa }kjk iz;ksx] lkoZtfud ifjogu] LVªhV ykbfVax] lqj{kk cankscLr vkSj QqVikFk vkfn dh fLFkfr fcydqy larks’ktud ugha gSA QyLo:i] vk”p;Z dh ckr ugha gS fd ;gka yksxksa esa lqj{kk dk vglkl Hkh dkQ+h det+ksj gSA

3

2.5

2

1.5

1

0.5

0Light Open Visible Crowd Security Path Transport Gender Feeling

UsageykbV [kqykiu izR;{k HkhM+ lqj{kk jkLrk ifjogu tsaMj v iz;ksx

glkl

32

ekufp= 5 % gtkjhckx esa ls¶Vh vkfMV ekudksa dh n”kkZ;hxbZ fLFkfr

33

gtkjhckx ds ikap bykdksa esa tsaMj fofoèkrk] fn[kk;h iM+ jgh ¼lkoZtfud vkSj futh½ lqj{kk O;oLFkk] ykbfVax rFkk lkoZtfud ifjogu ekufp= 5 dh miyCèkrk ds fygkt ls uhps fn;s x, ¼xzkQ 8½ ls dqN egRoiw.kZ urhts lkeus vkrs gSaA

xzkQ 8 % gtkjhckx ds ikap LFkkuksa ij lqj{kk ekudksa dk vkSlr Ldksj

xzkQ 8 ls¶Vh vkWfMV ds urhtksa dh iqf’V djrk gSA pqus x, ikapksa bykdksa esa QqVikFk] lqj{kk O;oLFkk] efgykvksa }kjk iz;ksx] lkoZtfud ifjogu vkSj ykbfVax] bu lHkh dkjdksa dh fLFkfr dkQ+h n;uh; fn[kk;h nsrh gSA xkSj djus dh ckr gS fd jkaph&te”ksniqj jksM ij u rks lqj{kk cankscLr ;k lkoZtfud ifjogu lqfoèkk,a miyCèk gSa vkSj u gh ;gka T+;knk efgyk,a fn[kk;h nsrh gSaA dsujh fgYl ij Hkh lqj{kk cankscLr fn[kk;h ugha fn;sA

ikapksa bykdksa esa ls jkaph&te”ksniqj jksM lcls vlqjf{kr fn[kk;h iM+rh gSA blds ckn dsujh fgYl vkSj uokcxat dk LFkku vkrk gSA gtkjhckx esa ftu bykdksa dk vkWfMV fd;k x;k muesa lhVh,l dkyksuh lcls lqjf{kr fn[kk;h nhA

xzkQ 9 % ls¶Vh vkWfMV ekudksa dk lqj{kk ds vglkl ds lkFk feyku

tSlk fd xzkQ 9 esa fn[kk;k x;k gS] lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij yksxksa ¼[k+klrkSj ls efgykvksa½ dh mifLFkfr rFkk fn[kk;h iM+ jgs lqj{kkdfeZ;ksa ds gksus ls lqj{kk ds vglkl ij lcls T+;knk vlj iM+rk gSA blds ckn [kqysiu vkSj lkoZtfud ifjogu dh miyCèkrk ls yksxksa esa lqj{kk dk fo”okl iSnk gksrk gSA jkaph dh rjg ;gka Hkh QqVikFkksa dh fLFkfr ls lqj{kk ds vglkl ij cgqr de vlj iM+rk fn[kk;h fn;kA

0.6

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0.1

0Light Open Visible Crowd Security Path Transport Gender

UsageykbV [kqykiu izR;{k HkhM+ lqj{kk jkLrk ifjogu tsaMj iz;ksx

Ligh

t

Ope

n

Visible

Cro

wd

Secur

ity

Path

Tran

spor

tGen

der U

sage

Feelin

g

3

2.5

2

1.5

1

0.5

0

Ranchi-Jamshedpur

Road

Canery Hills

Nawabganj

Ranchi-Patna Road

CTS Colony

jkaph&te'ksniqj jksM

dSujh fgYl

uokcxat

jkaph&iVuk jksM

lhVh,l dkWyksuh

ykbV

[kqykiu

vglkl

izR;{k

HkhM+

lqj{kk

jkLrk

ifjogu

tsaMj

iz;ksx

34

eq[; fu"d"kZ

tulkaf[;dh ,oa izoklu

• 70 izfr”kr ls T+;knk mÙkjnkrkvksa dh ekfld vk; 10]000 #i;s ls de gSA

• vfookfgr iq#’kksa dh la[;k ¼lHkh vk;q oxksZa esa½ vfookfgr efgykvkas ls T+;knk gS tks bl ckr dk ladsr gS fd ;gka yM+fd;ksa dh “kknh laHkor% tYnh dj nh tkrh gSA

• T+;knk mez dh efgykvksa ds eqdkcys ;qok efgyk,a T+;knk f”kf{kr gSa( T+;knkrj efgyk mÙkjnkrk x`fg.kh vkSj Nk=k,a gSaA

• jkstxkj voljksa dh ryk”k esa vkus okyh efgykvksa dh la[;k gtkjhckx ds eqdkcys jkaph esa T+;knk fn[kk;h nsrh gSA

• T+;knkrj izoklh 25&44 o’kZ vk;q oxZ ds iq#’k gSaA

xfr’khyrk@vkokxeu

• 18&24 o’kZ vk;q oxZ ds yksx lcls T+;knk xfr”khy fn[kk;h nsrs gSa( muesa ls T+;knkrj fo|kFkhZ gSaA

• yxHkx ,d frgkbZ mÙkjnkrk dke dh otg ls vkokxeu djrs gSaA

• yxHkx rhu pkSFkkbZ mÙkjnkrk iSny vius dke ij tkrh gSa( xSj&lk>k vkWVks fjD”kk ifjogu dk lcls T+;knk iz;qDr lkèku gSA

• T+;knkrj efgyk,a 30 feuV ls de le; esa vius dk;ZLFky ij igqap tkrh gSa( nks frgkbZ ls vfèkd efgyk,a fnu ds mtkys esa gh ;k=k djrh gSaA

efgykvksa ds mRihM+u o lqj{kk ds fo"k; esa yksxksa dh jk; vkSj eq[; dkjd

• jkaph esa yxHkx 48 izfr”kr vkSj gtkjhckx esa yxHkx 41 izfr”kr efgyk mÙkjnkrk vius “kgj dks vlqjf{kr ;k csgn vlqjf{kr ekurh gSaA

• vU; lqj{kk lacaèkh tksf[keksa esa ;kSu mRihM+u lcls O;kid fn[kk;h nsrk gSA

• [kjkc ykbfVax] lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij HkhM+HkkM+ vkSj [kqys LFkkuksa dk [kjkc j[kj[kko Mj ds eq[; lzksr gSaA

• “kjkc ds O;olk; ls tqM+s ;k “kjkc ihus okys iq#’k vkSj lekt fojksèkh rRo lcls cM+k [krjk fn[kk;h nsrs gSaA

• efgyk,a] [k+klrkSj ls 18&24 o’kZ dh efgyk,a lcls T+;knk laosnu”khy fLFkfr esa fn[kk;h nsrh gSaA

• jkaph esa 15 izfr”kr vkSj gtkjhckx esa 33 izfr”kr mÙkjnkrkvksa us efgykvksa ds igukos dks leL;k dk ,d lzksr crk;kA

lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij efgykvksa ds ;kSu mRihM+u ds izR;{knf’kZ;ksa ¼iq#"kksa o efgykvksa½ }kjk fn;s x, fooj.k

• ,d pkSFkkbZ ls T+;knk mÙkjnkrkvksa us fiNys ,d lky ds nkSjku efgyk fojksèkh fgalk dh ?kVuk,a ns[kh gSaA

• 50 izfr”kr ls T+;knk mÙkjnkrkvksa us fnu ds le; ekSf[kd vkSj fotqvy fgalk dh ?kVuk,a ns[kh gSa vkSj yxHkx 25 izfr”kr us “kke ds le; ;k fnu <yus ds ckn bl rjg dh ?kVuk,a ns[kh gSaA

Hkkx 6

35

• nksuksa “kgjksa esa ekSf[kd] fotqvy] “kkjhfjd fgalk vkSj ihNk djuk ¼blh Øe esa½ lcls vke leL;k,a fn[kk;h iM+rh gSaA

• ,sls LFkku tgka ;kSu fgalk ns[kh x;h %

* ckt+kj] ekWy rFkk Ldwy@dkWyst ¼gtkjhckx½ * ckt+kj@ekWy] vkWVks@cl LVkWi rFkk lkoZtfud ifjogu lkèku ¼jkaph½

• jkaph esa 79 izfr”kr us crk;k fd ;kSu fgalk dh lcls T+;knk ?kVuk,a lM+dksa ij ?kVrh gSa( gtkjhckx esa Hkh 82 izfr”kr mÙkjnkrkvksa us ;gh crk;kA

• mÙkjnkrkvksa us ;kSu fgalk dh tks ?kVuk,a ns[kh gSa muesa ls 70 izfr”kr ls T+;knk ?kVukvksa esa vijkèkh 17&30 o’kZ ds iq#’k Fks( ;kSu fgalk dh ,d frgkbZ ls T+;knk ?kVukvksa esa iq#’kksa ds lewg ftEesnkj fn[kk;h fn;sA

• yxHkx ,d pkSFkkbZ efgyk izR;{knf”kZ;ksa us ,sls voljksa ij gLr{ksi fd;k ;k izfrfØ;k nh tcfd vkèkh ls T+;knk efgyk mÙkjnkrkvksa dks muds ifjokj okyksa us ;kSu fgalk dh fLFkfr esa dqN u djus dh fgnk;r nhA

• f”kdk;r ntZ djkus dk Lrj cgqr de FkkA fiNys ,d lky ds nkSjku jkaph esa ftu 211 efgykvksa vkSj 57 iq#’kksa us fdlh lkoZtfud LFkku ij efgykvksa ds lkFk fgalk gksrs ns[kh Fkh muesa ls dsoy 8 efgykvksa vkSj 1 iq#’k us gh bl ckjs esa iqfyl dks lwfpr fd;kA gtkjhckx esa lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij efgykvksa ds lkFk gksus okyh fgalk dh izR;{kn”khZ 167 efgykvksa vkSj 23 iq#’kksa esa ls dsoy 5 efgykvkas vkSj 1 iq#’k us gh bl ckjs esa iqfyl dks lwfpr fd;kA

• jkaph esa vkèkh ls vfèkd vkSj gtkjhckx esa yxHkx nks frgkbZ efgyk mÙkjnkrkvksa us viuh vka[kksa ds lkeus ?kVh ;kSu fgalk dh ?kVukvksa ds ckjs esa vius ekrk&firk dks Hkh crk;kA muesa ls 60 izfr”kr ls vfèkd efgykvksa dks ifjokj ls leFkZu@ekxZn”kZu feykA yxHkx ,d pkSFkkbZ efgykvksa us ifjokj okyksa ls bl ckjs esa dqN ugha crk;k D;ksafd mUgsa Mj Fkk fd ,sls esa muds ckgj fudyus ij vkSj ikcafn;ka yxk nh tk,axhA

lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij ;kSu mRihM+u ds ckjs esa ljokbZolZ ds vuqHko

• ekSf[kd vkSj fotqvy fd+Le dk mRihM+u lcls T+;knk gksrk gS vkSj ,slh ?kVuk,a vfèkdka”kr% fnu esa ?kVrh gSaA

• ckt+kj] lkoZtfud ifjogu] Ldwy@dkWyst rFkk lM+dksa ds uqDdM+ lcls T;knk vlqjf{kr fn[kk;h iM+rs gSaA

• ;kSu mRihM+u dh lcls T+;knk ?kVukvksa esa 17&30 o’kZ ds yM+dksa&iq#’kksa dk gkFk gksrk gS( 30&45 o’kZ vk;q oxZ ds iq#’k Hkh bl rjg ds vijkèkksa esa layXu ik, x, gSaA

• jkaph esa yxHkx vkèkh vkSj gtkjhckx esa 70 izfr”kr ljokbZoj&mÙkjnkrkvksa us ß?kVuk dks ut+jvankt dj fn;k vkSj dqN ugha fd;kAÞ

• jkaph vkSj gtkjhckx esa dsoy 1&1 ljokbZoj us iqfyl ds ikl f”kdk;r ntZ djk;hA

• ;kSu fgalk dh ljokbZolZ iqfyl ds ikl D;ksa ugha tkrha] bldh otgsa &

* ekeyk T+;knk xaHkhj ugha Fkk ¼yxHkx nks frgkbZ ljokbZolZ us crk;k½

* ekeyk ogha jQk&nQk dj fn;k x;k ¼jkaph esa 12 izfr”kr vkSj gtkjhckx esa 18 izfr”kr us crk;k½

* iqfyl ds ckjs esa udkjkRed èkkj.kk,a ¼jkaph esa 22 izfr”kr vkSj gtkjhckx esa 18 izfr”kr us crk;k½

36

• 60 izfr”kr ljokbolZ us vius lkFk gqbZ ?kVuk ds ckjs esa ifjokj okyksa dks crk;k( muesa ls yxHkx 60 izfr”kr ifjokjksa ls mUgsa enn@ekxZn”kZu feykA

• jkaph esa 27 izfr”kr vkSj gtkjhckx esa 36 izfr”kr mÙkjnkrkvksa us vius lkFk gqbZ ;kSu fgalk ds ckjs esa vius ekrk&firk dks ugha crk;k D;ksafd blls mUgsa viuh vkoktkgh ij ikcanh yxus dk Mj FkkA jkaph esa 13 izfr”kr vkSj gtkjhckx esa 5 izfr”kr eka&cki us ,slh ?kVukvksa ds ckn viuh csfV;ksa ds vkokxou ij ikcafn;ka yxk nh FkhaA

lalkèkuksa] dkuwuksa o uhfr;ksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh

• nksuksa gh “kgjksa esa yxHkx lHkh iq#’k ¼95&100 izfr”kr½ tkurs Fks fd ;kSu geyk vFkok cykRdkj] fgald “kkjhfjd geyk vkSj Nwuk] Hkhapuk@nckuk vkfn ;kSu fgalk,a Hkh dkuwu ds rgr ,d vijkèk gSaA bl ckjs esa efgyk mÙkjnkrkvksa dh tkudkfj;ksa dk Lrj dkQ+h de Fkk % jkaph esa 66 izfr”kr vkSj gtkjhckx esa 79 izfr”kr efgyk,a gh ;g tkurh gSa fd ekSf[kd mRihM+u Hkh ,d vijkèk gSA

• jkaph esa 86 izfr”kr vkSj gtkjhckx esa 97 izfr”kr efgykvksa us crk;k fd os ;g tkurh gSa fd ;kSu mRihM+u@fgalk dh fLFkfr esa os iqfyl ls enn ys ldrh gSa( blds ckn efgyk Fkkuksa vkSj gsYiykbu dk Øe FkkA

• bu lalkèkuksa rd igqap ¼gtkjhckx ds eqdkcys½ jkaph esa T+;knk mÙkjnkrkvksa ds ikl FkhA

• jkaph esa 268 vkSj gtkjhckx esa 135 efgykvksa us nkok fd;k fd os gsYiykbu ds ckjs esa tkurh gSa exj jkaph esa 7 vkSj gtkjhckx esa 5 efgykvksa dks gh gsYiykbu uacj ekywe FkkA

• nksuksa “kgjksa esa dqN efgykvksa us ;kSu fgalk dh fLFkfr esa ,sls dqN ,uthvks@lhchvks ¼leqnk; vkèkkfjr laxBuksa½ dk uke crk;k ftuls enn yh tk ldrh gSA

• jkaph o gtkjhckx esa T+;knkrj efgyk vkSj iq#’k bl ckr ij lger Fks fd ;kSu fgalk dh ?kVukvksa ds ckjs esa iqfyl dks lwfpr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

• T+;knkrj iq#’kksa dk ekuuk Fkk fd ;kSu mRihM+u@fgalk dks [kRe djuk leqnk; vkSj ljdkj dh ft+Eesnkjh gS( jkaph esa 35 izfr”kr vkSj gtkjhckx esa 29 izfr”kr efgykvksa us dgk fd blds fy, vkSjrsa gh ft+Eesnkj gSaA

• jkaph esa yxHkx nks frgkbZ mÙkjnkvksa dks yxrk Fkk fd ljdkj ;kSu mRihM+u@fgalk dh leL;k dks jksdus ds fy, dqN [k+kl ugha dj jgh gSA gtkjhckx esa 28 izfr”kr efgykvksa vkSj 41 izfr”kr iq#’kksa dk ;gh ekuuk FkkA

37

eq[; flQkfj’ksa>kj[kaM esa fofHkUu oxksZa o i`’BHkwfe;ksa ds cgqr lkjs ukxfjdksa rd igqapus ds fy, bl “kksèk vè;;u esa pkj MsVk laxzg i)fr;ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k vkSj QyLo:i bl vè;;u ls lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij ;kSu mRihM+u rFkk efgykvksa o yM+fd;ksa ds lkFk gksus okyh fgalk ds ckjs esa cgqr lkjh egRoiw.kZ tkudkfj;ka bdëk gqbZ gSaA bu tkudkfj;ksa ls bu eqíksa ij ukxfjdksa dh lksp vkSj miyCèk lsokvksa o cqfu;knh <kaps esa fn[kk;h iM+us okyh dfe;ksa o [k+kfe;ksa dk irk pyrk gSA bl vè;;u ls >kj[kaM dh tks rLohj mHkjrh gS mlesa lkoZtfud ifjogu] fn[kk;h iM+us okyh ¼lkoZtfud o futh½ lqj{kk O;oLFkk] LVªhV ykbfVax vkSj iqfyl dh ekStwnxh ds fygkt+ ls lqj{kk ds dbZ eqís lkeus vkrs gSaA jkT; esa cgqr lkjs lkoZtfud LFkkuksa dk bLrseky dsoy iq#’kksa rd gh lhfer gS ftldh otg ls os efgykvksa vkSj cPpksa ds fy, vlqjf{kr cu tkrs gSa vkSj vxj efgykvksa o yM+fd;ksa dks mudk bLrseky djuk iM+rk gS rks muesa cspSuh@Mj dk vglkl iSnk gksrk gSA

vè;;u ds urhtksa dk ,d eq[; vk;ke ;s Fkk fd bl rjg dh fgalk dks yxHkx lkekU; eku fy;k x;k gS % yksxksa esa ;g vglkl ?kj dj x;k gS fd vkSjrksa ds lkFk gksus okyk ;kSu mRihM+u@fgalk rks ,d ,slh pht gS ftlds ckjs esa vki dqN ugha dj ldrs vkSj fygkt+k bldks cnkZ”r fd;k gh tkuk pkfg,A nqHkkZX;o”k] bls lkekU; ckr ekuus dh lksp dqN efgykvksa o yM+fd;ksa ds fnekx esa Hkh ?kj dj pqdh gS vkSj mUgksaus vius lkFk lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij gksus okyh fgalk dks LFkkuh; laLÑfr dk fgLlk eku fy;k gSA tSlk fd bl vè;;u ls mtkxj gksrk gS] mRihM+u ;k fgalk ds f[kykQ+ viuh vkokt+ u mBkus] bl ckjs esa ?kjokyksa dks u crkus ;k iqfyl ds ikl f”kdk;r u djus ds muds QSlys blh ckr dks n”kkZrs gSa fd mUgksaus bl fLFkfr dks dkQ+h gn rd Lohdkj dj fy;k gSA

bl vè;;u ls fofHkUu eqíksa dks lacksfèkr djus ds fy, dqN Bksl lq>ko bdVB~k djus esa Hkh enn feyh gSA uhps nh x;h flQkfj”ksa bu pkjksa “kksèk i)fr;ksa ls fudys fu’d’kksZa o urhtksa ij vkèkkfjr gSaA

• lkoZtfud LFkkuksa dh cukoV vkSj uxj fu;kstu

lkoZtfud lqj{kk dh fn”kk esa cqfu;knh dne “kgjh fu;kstu vkSj :ijs[kk r; djus ds le; mBk;s tkrs gaSA bl pj.k esa lkoZtfud LFkkuksa dh :ijs[kk vkSj ;kstuk cukrs gq, efgykvksa] cPpksa] cqtqxksZa vkSj fodykaxksa ;kfu lHkh dh t:jrksa dks è;ku esa j[kk tkuk pkfg,A

jkaph ds ekeys esa dqN Li’V flQkfj”ksa lkeus vk;h gSaA ls¶Vh vkWfMV ls irk pyrk gS fd “kgj ds cgqr lkjs bykds ,sls gSa tgka efgyk vkWfMVlZ dks igqapus ;k ;gka&ogka tkus esa Hkh ijs”kkuh eglwl gqbZA bldk eryc ;g gS fd lHkh lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij vklkuh ls igqapk tk lds] bl ckr ij xkSj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A xqykch ¼fiad½ vkWVks fjD”kk ,d jpukRed ;kstuk gS exj bu vkWVks fjD”kkvksa dks pykus okyh efgyk Mªkbojksa dks ikfdZax dh txg <wa<us esa [k+klh e”kDdr djuh iM+rh gSA muds fy, “kkSpky;ksa dk u gksuk Hkh ,d leL;k gSA xqykch vkWVks fjD”kkvksa ds fy, fuf”pr ikfdZax LFkyksa vkSj ogka ij “kkSpky;ksa dk cankscLr djus ls bu efgyk Mªkbojksa vkSj mudh lokfj;ksa dks vklkuh gks ldrh gSA dqN mÙkjnkrkvksa us FkksM+s&FkksM+s Q+klys ij lqyHk “kkSpky;ksa ds fy, txg vkoafVr djus dk lq>ko fn;kA blds vykok] ;g Hkh lq>ko fn;k x;k fd vxj lM+dsa pkSM+h gksa vkSj@;k ekStwnk lM+dksa dks pkSM+k fd;k tk, rks ;krk;kr dks T+;knk vPNh rjg laHkkyk tk ldrk gSA exj] blls Qsjhokyksa ds fy, miyCèk txg de gks tk,xh tcfd os bl rjg dh okjnkrksa ij ut+j j[kus esa ,d vge Hkwfedk vnk djrs gSaA ,d vkSj flQkfj”k ;g Fkh fd cgqr lkjs LFkkuksa ij iqfyl ukds@psdiksLV dk;e fd;s tk,aA

• 'kgjh cqfu;knh <kaps dh miyCèkrk vkSj izcaèku

vxj lkoZtfud lqfoèkkvksa dh LFkkiuk igyk dne gS rks mudk j[kj[kko Hkh ,d t:jh nwljk dne curk gSA vkWfMV ls irk pyk fd “kgj esa miyCèk lkoZtfud cqfu;knh <kaps esa tks [k+kfe;ka iSnk gks jgh gSa os mÙkjnkrkvksa ds Hkhrj lqj{kk ds vglkl dks fdrus xgjs Lrj ij izHkkfor djrh gSaA

Hkkx 7

38

;s flQkfj”ksa “kgjh cqfu;knh <kaps esa bUgha dfe;ksa vkSj [k+kfe;ksa ij vkèkkfjr gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy,] jkaph vkSj gtkjhckx dh dqN cfLr;ksa esa LVªhV ykbV~l ds [kEHks rks yxs gSa exj mu ij cfÙk;ka ugha tyrhaA cgqr lkjs@lkjh mÙkjnkrkvksa us crk;k fd mudh ut+j esa efgyk fojksèkh vijkèkksa vkSj lqj{kk ds vglkl ij lM+dkas] uqDdM+ksa vkSj jkLrksa ij vaèksjs ls dkQ+h vlj iM+rk gSA vkerkSj ij vaèksjs LFkkuksa ij iq#’k gh T+;knk tek gksrs gSa vkSj bl otg ls efgyk,a o yM+fd;ka ogka ugha tk ikrhaA mÙkjnkrkvksa us tks lq>ko fn;s muesa LVªhV ykbfVax esa lqèkkj dks cgqr Åaph izkFkfedrk nh x;hA lsDl odZlZ] Nk=kvksa rFkk osruHkksxh jkst+xkj djus okyh efgykvksa us [kLrkgky lkoZtfud “kkSpky;ksa dh leL;k Hkh fxuk;hA

• lkoZtfud ifjogu vkSj lacafèkr lsok,a

bl ckjs esa egRoiw.kZ lk{; lkeus vk, gSa fd >kj[kaM esa lkoZtfud ifjogu O;oLFkk ;kSu mRihM+u dk ,d cM+k x<+ cu x;h gSA cgqr lkjh yM+fd;ka vkSj efgyk,a lkoZtfud clksa vkSj vkWVks fjD”kkvksa ¼ftuesa lk>k fjD”kk Hkh “kkfey gSa½ dk gh bLrseky djrh gSa blfy, bl lsok dh fLFkfr esa Hkkjh lqèkkj dh t:jr gSA

dqN lkoZtfud ifjogu lkèkuksa dh igqap Hkh QSyk;h tkuh pkfg,A “kgj ds dbZ Hkhrjh bykds vkSj vklikl ds T+;knkrj bykds vHkh Hkh lkoZtfud ifjogu O;oLFkk ls tqM+s gq, ugha gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy,] tgka et+nwj oxZ dh efgykvksa ;k Nk=kvksa dh la[;k T+;knk gS] mu bykdksa dks cl ekxksZa ls tksM+k tkuk pkfg, A ,d lq>ko ;g Hkh vk;k fd tks xzkeh.k efgyk,a dke ds fy, jkst+kuk [kqyh VªkWfy;ksa esa cSB dj “kgj vkrh gSa mudh ;krk;kr lacaèkh vko”;drkvksa ij Hkh è;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg,A daVkVksyh pkSd] ykyiqj pkSd ;k fiLdk ds vklikl ls jkst+xkj ,tsaV bu efgykvksa dks dke ds fy, ys tkrs gSaA gtkjhckx dh jkaph&te”ksniqj lM+d ij lkoZtfud ifjogu yxHkx ugha FkkA jkaph esa Hkh dkads tSls dqN bykds gSa tgka lkoZtfud lsok miyCèk ugha gSA dkads esa ls¶Vh ekudksa dh fLFkfr vkerkSj ij dkQ+h [kjkc ik;h x;hA fofHkUu izdkj ds lkoZtfud ifjogu lkèkuksa dh miyCèkrk ds lkFk&lkFk ;gka bu lsokvksa dks Hkh vkSj O;ofLFkr o fu;fer :i fn;k tkuk pkfg,A

cl Mªkbojksa] daMDVjksa vkSj vkWVks Mªkbojksa dks tsaMj laosnhdj.k izf”k{k.k nsus vkSj muds O;ogkj ij yxkrkj ut+j j[ks tkus dh rqjar vko”;drk gSA Mªkbojkas vkSj daMDVjksa dks dke ij j[kus ;k mudks ykblsal nsus ls igys mudh i`’BHkwfe dh tkap dh tkuh pkfg,] Mªkbojksa o daMDVjksa dh tokcnsgh r; djus ds fy, ,d fyf[kr vkpkj lafgrk rS;kj dh tkuh pkfg,] izR;sd lkoZtfud cl esa ,d efgyk daMDVj gksuh pkfg,] clksa esa gsYiykbu uacj fy[ks tkus pkfg, vkSj efgyk vkWVks Mªkbojksa dks rduhdh izf”k{k.k fn;k tkuk pkfg, & ;s dqN egRoiw.kZ flQkfj”ksa FkhaA

• iqfyl cankscLr

vke èkkj.kk ;gh gS fd ladV dh fLFkfr esa lcls igys iqfyl ls gh enn yh tkuh pkfg, exj >kj[kaM esa efgyk,a vkSj yM+fd;ka iqfyl ls laidZ djus esa drjkrh fn[kk;h nsrh gSaA >kj[kaM ds iqfyl foHkkx] ftlesa efgyk iqfyl dehZ Hkh “kkfey gSa] dks jkT; dh efgyk ukxfjdksa dk Hkjkslk o fo”okl thruk gksxkA tc rd iqfyldfeZ;ksa dks fir`lRRkk vkSj mlds izR;{k o ijks{k igyqvksa ds ckjs esa rFkk ,dy efgykvksa tSls [k+kl lewgksa ij è;ku nsus dh t:jr ds izfr laosnu”kyhy ugha cuk;k tk,xk rc rd iqfyl laHkor% efgykvksa ds lkFk gksus okys ;kSu mRihM+u o fgalk dks dkjxj <ax ls lacksfèkr ugha dj ik,xhA fgalk dh lokZbZolZ ds ikl lcls igys vkerkSj ij VªSfQd iqfyl gh igqaprh gS blfy, bu iqfyl dfeZ;ksa dks [k+klrkSj ls tsaMj laosnhdj.k dk;ZØeksa esa “kkfey fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

,sls lHkh izf”k{k.kksa esa vkijkfèkd dkuwu esa fd;s x, uohure la”kksèkuksa dk Hkh lekos”k fd;k tkuk pkfg,A csgrj iqfyl cankscLr] iqfyl dfeZ;ksa] [k+klrkSj ls chV dkWULVscy vkSj efgyk dfeZ;ksa dh la[;k esa btkQs] cl LVki o vkWVks LVSaM tSls egRoiw.kZ fcanqvksa ij lhlhVhoh dSejksa dh LFkkiuk vkSj efgyk iqfyl vfèkdkfj;ksa }kjk x”r vkfn ds ckjs esa Hkh lq>ko fn;s x,A iqfyl dfeZ;kas dks ;kSu dfeZ;ksa ds ckjs esa vius joS;s ij Hkh fQj ls xkSj djuk pkfg, D;ksafd ;g efgykvksa o yM+fd;ksa dk lcls gkf”k;kbZ lewg gSA ,QthMh ppkZvksa ds nkSjku ;kSu dfeZ;ksa us

39

dgk fd efgyk Fkkuksa vkSj ihlhvkj oSuksa dh fu;fer x”r ds ekè;e ls iqfyl ds lkFk vkSj T+;knk vPNs rkyesy ds lkFk dke djuk t:jh gSA

MsVk ls irk pyrk gS fd ftu bykdksa dk dkQ+h bLrseky fd;k tkrk gS vkSj tgka dkQ+h pgy&igy jgrh gS ogka Hkh lqj{kk dh fLFkfr [kLrk gSA fn[kk;h iM+us okyh lqj{kk O;oLFkk efgykvksa esa Hkjkslk iSnk djrh gS] [k+klrkSj ls ,slh vla[; efgykvksa esa tks fd dke ls iSny ?kj ykSVrh gSa] tSls izoklh efgyk et+nwj vkSj ?kjsyw efgyk dkexkj vkfnA

dsoy ftyk eq[;ky; esa gh ugha cfYd xkaoksa vkSj Cykd ds Lrj ij Hkh efgyk Fkkuksa dh LFkkiuk ls fu”p; gh efgykvksa dks T+;knk rsth ls enn igqapk;h tk ldrh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] vksjeka>h esa fLFkr efgyk Fkkuk vius vklikl ds bykdksa dh efgykvksa dks Hkh enn ns ldrk gSA efgyk Fkkuksa ds ckjs esa ,d lq>ko ;g Fkk fd muds fy, vkSj T+;knk efgyk iqfyldfeZ;kas dh HkrhZ dh tk,] nkSjksa ds fy, ,d iqfyl vfèkdkjh dks fu;qDr fd;k tk, ¼cqanw o rekj tSls bykdksa ds fy,½ vkSj [k+kl fLFkfr;ksa esa flfoy okguksa lfgr T+;knk xkfM+;ksa dk cankscLr fd;k tk,A

• efgykvksa ds fy, vkokl

tSlk fd ikfjokfjd losZ{k.k vkSj ,QthMh ppkZvksa esa lkeus vk;k] jkstxkj ;k f”k{kk ds fy, bu nksuksa “kgjksa esa vkus okyh ;qofr;ksa dh ,d cM+h la[;k dks efgyk Nk=kokl tSls lqjf{kr vkoklksa dh vko”;drk gSA bl en esa mÙkjnkrkvksa us lq>ko fn;k fd efgykvksa ds ykWt o Nk=koklksa ds vklikl pkSchlksa ?kaVs pyus okyh gsYiykbu ds uacj lkoZtfud :i ls vkSj cM+s cM+s v{kjksa esa fy[ks tkus pkfg,A lkFk gh] bl rjg ds ykWt o Nk=koklksa ds vklikl iqfyl psd iksLV cuk;h tkuh pkfg,A

• ihfM+rksa ds fy, enn] d+kuwu vkSj balkQ

;kSu fgalk dh lokZbolZ dks HkkoukRed dkmalfyax ls ysdj lkekftd] d+kuwuh vkSj vkfFkZd enn rd dbZ rjg dh lgk;rk dh t:jr gksrh gSA ;s lgk;rk lsok,a muds fy, gj oDr miyCèk gksuh pkfg,A >kj[kaM esa ,slh dqN lgk;rk lsok,a miyCèk gSaA ;s lsok,a Mh,lih dk;kZy; esa fLFkr efgyk dks”kkax] jkT; efgyk vk;ksx] jkT; ,oa ftyk fofèk lgk;rk lkslk;fV;ksa ¼fMfLVªDV yhxy ,M lkslk;Vht+½ rFkk efgyk gsYiykbu uacjksa ds ekè;e ls miyCèk djk;h tk jgh gSaA bl vè;;u ds nkSjku bdëh dh xbZ izfrfdz;k ds vkèkkj ij d+kuwuh vkSj vèkZd+kuwuh lsokvksa dh fLFkfr esa QkSju lqèkkj dh vkok”;drk gSA budks pykus okys deZpkfj;ksa ds ikl u dsoy uohure d+kuwuh la”kksèkuksa ds ckjs esa iwjh tkudkjh gksuh pkfg, cfYd mUgsa tsaMj ls tqM+s eqíksa] d+kuwuh mik;ksa o fu;eksa ds ckjs esa Hkh le;&le; ij izf”k{k.k fn;k tkuk pkfg, rkfd bu laxBuksa ds urhtksa esa lqèkkj vk,A ,d lq>ko ;g Fkk fd vxj ljdkjh foHkkxksa o futh laLFkkuksa esa ;kSu mRihM+u fojksèkh lfefr;ksa dk xBu fd;k tkrk gS rks efgyk lkek[;k bl O;oLFkk esa rhljs i{k dh Hkwfedk ds :i esa enn ns ldrk gSA

• f’k{kk

tsaMj ds ckjs esa gekjh lksp vkSj rkSj&rjhds rFkk yM+dksa o yM+fd;ksa ds ckjs esa D;k lgh gS vkSj D;k xyr gS] ;s Hkkouk,a gekjh ft+anxh esa cgqr tYnh gh tM+sa tek ysrh gSa blfy, bu ls NqVdkjk ikus vkSj ,d :ikarjdkjh dkjZokbZ dh fn”kk esa c<+us dh ps’Vk,a Hkh tYnh ls tYnh “kq: dh tkuh pkfg,A ikB~;p;kZ esa ;kSu mRihM+u vkSj fgalk ds f[k+ykQ vè;k;ksa dk lekos”k djuk ,d cf<+;k “kq#vkrh iz;kl gks ldrk gS exj ;g i;kZIr iz;kl ugha gSA bu ikBksa o vè;k;ksa ds lkFk lkFk tsaMj dh voèkkj.kk vkSj fir`lÙkk ds ckjs esa le>nkjh fodflr djus ij dsafnzr l=ksa dk Hkh vk;kstu fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ,slh fLFkfr esa fo|kFkhZ [kqn viuh ft+anfx;ksa esa Hkh tsaMj dh mifLFkfr vkSj Hkwfedk dks igpkuus esa l{ke gks ik,axs@ik,axhA Ldwyksa vkSj dkWystksa esa Nk=&Nk=kkvksa ds fy, rFkk vè;kidksa ds fy, efgyk lqj{kk lacaèkh izf”k{k.k dk;ZØeksa dk fu;fer :i ls vk;kstu fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

40

tSlk fd bl “kksèk ls tkfgj gksrk gS] cgqr lkjh Nk=kvksa us crk;k fd ;kSu fgalk dh okjnkrksa esa btkQ+s ds QyLo:i mudh vkt+knh vkSj vkoktkgh ij igys ls T+;knk ikcafn;ka yxk nh x;h gSa vkSj mu ij T+;knk igjk j[kk tkus yxk gSA ,slh O;kid ppkZvksa esa vkSjrksa dh ^bTtr* vkSj cnukeh@dyad tSlh èkkj.kkvksa ij [kqydj ppkZ dh tkuh pkfg,A vè;kidksa vkSj vfHkHkkodksa@ekrk&firk dks Hkh efgykvksa dh vkt+knh vkSj vijkèkksa ds chp lgh fodYi pquus ds fy, f”kf{kr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A Nk=&Nk=kvksa] vfHkHkkodksa vkSj vè;kidksa dks ysdj Ldwyksa esa ;kSu mRihM+u fojksèkh lfefr;ksa dk xBu bl vè;;u dh ,d vkSj eq[; flQ+kfj”k FkhA

• lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh

fiNys lkyksa ds nkSjku tks rduhdh cnyko vk, gSa vkSj ftUgksaus gekjs thou dks igys ls T+;knk ljy vkSj rhoz dj fn;k gS] muls lkoZtfud lqj{kk dh fLFkfr ij Hkh Hkkjh vlj iM+k gSA [k+klrkSj ls vc lkoZtfud lqj{kk dh fLFkfr dks ekiuk igys ls vklku vkSj rst gks x;k gS] blds fy, viuk;h x;h izfØ;k,a T+;knk lVhd] ifj’Ñr] ikjn”khZ vkSj T+;knk yksdrkaf=d gSaA vc eksckby Qksu vkèkkfjr ,sls vkikrdkfyd ,si miyCèk gSa ftuds tfj, efgyk,a enn ds fy, QkSju lans”k Hkst ldrh gSaA ,sls LekVZ Qksu Hkh ekStwn gSa tks “kgjksa ds O;kid ls¶Vh vkWfMV esa enn ns ldrs gSaA ljdkjh foHkkxksa dks lkoZtfud lqj{kk ls lacafèkr vius nSfud dkeksa esa ,sls lHkh lkèkuksa dks “kkfey djuk pkfg,A mnkgj.k ds fy,] budh enn ls os [kjkc iM+h LVªhV ykbV~l dh tkudkjh bdëk dj ldrs gSa] lkoZtfud lsokvksa ds ckjs esa yksxksa dh izfrfdz;k ys ldrs gSaA jkaph vkSj gtkjhckx esa ls¶Vh fiu ,si dk iz;ksx djrs gq, ,d “kgjO;kih vkWfMV fd;k x;k gSA ls¶Vh fiu ,d eksckby Qksu vkèkkfjr ls¶Vh vkWfMV ,si gS ftldk ukxfjd lewgksa] LFkkuh; “kkldh; fudk;ksa] futh daifu;ksa vkSj iqfyl foHkkxksa }kjk cM+s iSekus ij bLrseky fd;k tk jgk gSA pwafd gtkjhckx dh fLFkfr T+;knkrj lqj{kk ekudksa ds ekeys esa izk;% vkSlr ls uhps ik;h x;h gS blfy, “kgj dh lHkh cfLr;ksa esa bl ,si dh enn ls ,d foLr`r ls¶Vh vkWfMV djds eq[; leL;kvksa dks igpkuk tk ldrk gSA

• tutkx`fr vkSj laosnhdj.k

lqjf{kr lkoZtfud LFkkuksa dh jpuk vkSj j[kj[kko dk lcls izHkkoh rjhdk ;s gS fd turk esa tkx:drk iSnk dh tk,A efgykvksa o yM+fd;ksa dk ftl rjg cM+s iSekus ij oLrqdj.k fd;k tk jgk gS vkSj ftl rjg mUgsa ;kSu miHkksx dh lkèku ds :i esa is”k fd;k tk jgk gS] muds lkFk ftl rjg dk viekutud O;ogkj fd;k tkrk gS] mldks ns[krs gq, lekt dh lksp esa ,d cqfu;knh cnyko gh fdlh Bksl vkSj nh?kZdkfyd cnyko dk vk”oklu ns ldrk gSA felky ds rkSj ij] dqN efgykvkas vkSj T+;knkrj iq#’kksa us vkSjrksa ds diM+ksa] esdvi] pky&<ky vkSj@;k “kkjhfjd eqnzkvksa vkfn dk gokyk nsrs gq, vkSjrksa ds lkFk gksus okys ;kSu mRihM+u vkSj fgalk dks lgh Bgjkus dk Hkh iz;kl fd;kA cgqr lkjh mÙkjnkrkvksa dk dguk Fkk fd enksZa dh tokch dkjZokbZ ds Mj ls os ;kSu mRihM+u dks pqipki cnkZ”r dj tkrh gSaA xqykch vkWVks fjD”kk Mªkbojksa dks iq#’k vkWVks fjD”kk Mªkbojksa ds xqLls dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA os mudk [kqydj et+kd mM+krs gSaA blls irk pyrk gS fd efgykvksa dh igpku vkSj Lok;Ùkrk ds ckjs esa gekjh le>nkjh esa fdruk xgjk lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd cnyko t:jh gSA blds fy, flQ+Z yM+dkas vkSj iq#’kksa ds fy, gh ugha cfYd yM+fd;ksa o efgykvksa ds fy, Hkh fu;fer lkoZtfud vfHk;ku pyk, tkus pkfg,A muesa cw<+ksa vkSj tokuksa] vke turk vkSj lÙkk ds inksa ij cSBs lHkh izdkj ds L=h&iq#’kksa dks “kkfey fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;s vfHk;ku vkSj l= dsoy efgyk lqj{kk dh fparkvksa rd gh lhfer ugha gksus pkfg,( muesa ekuokfèkdkjksa vkSj d+kuwuksa ds ckjs esa Hkh tkudkfj;ka nh tkuh pkfg,A laosnhdj.k ds izfr ,d O;kid joS;k viuk;k tkuk pkfg, rkfd ,slh ?kVukvksa ds ewd n”kZdksa dks Hkh lacksfèkr fd;k tk lds vkSj lkeqnkf;d gLr{ksi ;k mlds vHkko ij] ifjokj dh Hkwfedk] lgk;rk lsokvksa] enkZuxh o L=hRo dh èkkj.kkvksa ds ckjs esa tkx:drk vkfn ij fparu o leh{kk dh izfØ;k “kq: dh tk ldsA

vè;;u esa “kkfey mÙkjnkrkvksa us lq>ko fn;k fd vke turk ds fy, fu;fer :i ls laosnhdj.k@tkx:drk vfHk;ku pyk, tkus pkfg,] efgyk fojksèkh fgalk ds f[k+ykQ+ cM+s&cM+s fp=kRed lans”kksa dk izpkj&izlkj fd;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj cPpksa dh dkWfi;ksa ds eq[ki`’B ij ;kSu mRihM+u ds f[k+ykQ+ lans”k Nkis tkus pkfg,A

41

layXud 1

tqykbZ&vxLr 2015 esa >kj[akM esa vk;ksftr fo"k; dsafnzr lkewfgd ppkZ,a ¼Qksdl xzqi fMLd'kUl½

Øe la[;k

jkaph

,Q thMh fuokZpu {ks= Rkkjh[k vuqns'kd lgHkkxh laLFkk,a

1- dkWyst tkus okyh yM+fd;ka&jkaph 27 iwtk l`tu QkmaMs'ku@jkaph fo'ofo|ky; tqykbZ ds Nk=

2- ;qok yM+ds&jkaph 30 jktho l`tu QkmaMs'ku@,Dl vkbZ ,l ,l tqykbZ vkSj jkaph fo'ofo|ky; ds Nk= 3- ,dy efgyk&jkaph 5 dY;k.kh ehuk bZ ,u ,l ,l vxLr

4- fuekZ.k et+nwj vkSj fngkM+h et+nwj vtZd 29 dY;k.kh ehuk efgyk vkokl lsok VªLV tqykbZ

5- ?kjsyw et+nwj&jkaph 1 dY;k.kh ehuk çsj.kk Hkkjrh vxLr

6- efgyk ;kSudehZ&jkaph 29 iwtk l`tu QkmaMs'ku tqykbZ

7- Ukkjh vnkyr 1 iwtk l`tu QkmaMs'ku] efgyk lkek[;k vxLr

gtkjhckx

1- fuekZ.k et+nwj&gtkjhckx 2 dY;k.kh ehuk efgyk eqfDr laLFkku vxLr

2- ,dy efgyk&gtkjhckx 4 dY;k.kh ehuk bZ ,u ,l ,l vxLr

3- fd'kksj yM+ds&gtkjhckx 3 jktho l`tu QkmaMs'ku vxLr

4- fd'kksjh yM+fd;ka&gtkjhckx 3 iwtk l`tu QkmaMs'ku vxLr

42

layXud 2

tkxksjh

eq[; lwpuknkrkvksa ds lk{kkRdkj Ukke inØe

la[;kLkk{kkRdkjdh rkjh[k

1- Mk0 fcUuh vktkn jkT; la;kstd] ,dy ukjh l'kfDr laxBu 21-09-2015

2- xqfM+;k xqykch vkWVks fjD'kk Mªkboj 21-09-2015

5- egqvk ek>h v/;{k] >kj[kaM efgyk vk;ksx 22-09-2015

3- lat; JhokLro jkT; la;kstd] pkbYM ykbu ,aMoh esUl gsYiykbu ,aMysDpjj] 21-09-2015

t+sfo;j baLVhP;wV vkWQlks'ky lkbafll ¼,Dl vkbZ ,l ,l½ jkaph

4- fo|korh flVh la;kstd] ohesUl gsYiykbu] jkaph 21-09-2015

6- jktJh oekZ ysDpjj] ,Dl vkbZ ,l ,l ,aM IyslesaV dksfMZusVj 22-09-2015

7- jkst+sfy;k efgyk dks'kkax lnL; 22-09-2015

8- vkjrh csgjk la;kstd] xzhuohesu vkWVks 23-09-2015

9- vijkftrk feJk jkT; v/;{k] eS=h ,u thvks 23-09-2015

10- csyenukiwfrZ QsMjs'ku yhMj] çnku] [kqaVh 24-09-2015

11- nhfidk çlkn ,l ,p vks] efgyk Fkkuk 23-09-2015

12- fnus'klksuh jkT; v/;{k] MhtyvkWVks ;wfu;u 23-09-2015

13- fd'kksj ds0 ea=h la;kstd] flVh cl lfoZl 23-09-2015

14- fLerk xqIrk jkT; dk;ZØe funs'kd] efgyk lkek[;k 24-09-2015

43

laiw.kZ y{;

>kja[kM ds nks “kgjksa&jkaph o gtkjhckx dh pqfuank txgksa esa lqjf{kr “kgjh lkoZtfud LFkyksa vkSj lsokvksa dh dYiuk dks lkdkj djuk] tgka gj mez vkSj leqnk; dh efgyk,a vkSj yM+fd;ka ;kSu mRihM+u o ;kSfud fgalk ds Mj vkSj [krjs ds fcuk igqap ldsa vkSj vius leku ukxfjd vf/kdkjksa dk ykHk mBk ldsaA

ifj;kstuk@izkstsDV y{;

LFkkuh; Hkkxhnkjksa ds lkFk foLr`r vkSj cgq{ks=h; n`f’Vdks.kksa dks c<+kus esa lg;ksx djuk] rkfd >kj[kaM ds pqus x, “kgjh bykdksa ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa ij efgykvksa o yM+fd;ksa ds lkFk gksus okys ;kSu mRihM+u vkSj ;kSfud fgalk dks jksdk tk lds vkSj mlds f[kykQ+ izHkkoh rjhds ls fuiVk tk ldsA

okafNr izeq[k ifj.kke

1- izeq[k fgr/kkjdksa esa bl opuc)rk dks c<+kus ds fy, dke djuk fd os efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;ksa dh lqj{kk dks izksRlkfgr djus gsrq vius iz;klksa esa tsaMj lekurk mik;ksa T+;knk ls T+;knk “kkfey djsaxs

2- tsaMj lesfdr mik;ksa vkSj lsokvksa ds ckjs esa pqfuank efgyk lewgksa rFkk ukxfjd lekt ds Hkkxhnkjksa dh {kerkvksa dks c<+kuk rkfd efgyk lqj{kk dks lacksf/kr fd;k tk lds vkSj muds leqnk;ksa rd igqapk tk lds

3- efgyk lqj{kk ds ckjs esa tu tkx:drk vkSj f”k{k.k c<+kus ds fy, jpukRed izfØ;k,a “kq: djuk

j.kuhfrd@lkefjd :ijs[kk

mi;qZDr fu’d’kZ ds vk/kkj ij efgykvksa dh lqj{kk ds fy, ,d j.kuhfrd :ijs[kk rS;kj dh xbZ ftlesa fuEufyf[kr fcanqs

“kkfey Fks

1- tsaMj laosnu”khy HkkSfrd lajpukvksa@cqfu;knh lqfo/kkvksa ¼tSls] “kgjh fu;kstu vkSj fMt+kbu] cqfu;knh lsokvksa ds izko/kku] ifjogu½ ds fy, iSjoh djuk

2- efgykvksa o yM+fd;ksa ds fy, csgrj lsok,a ¼tSls mÙkjnk;h o lfØ; iqfyl lsok] dkmalfyax o vU; lgk;d lsokvksa] ou LVkWi Økbfll lsaVlZ lfgr½

3- efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;ksa ij gksus okyh fgalk dks lkekU; eku ysus okyh ekufldrk vkSj O;ogkjksa dks cnyus ds fy, tkx:drk QSykuk

Hkkxhnkj

'kks/k Hkkxhnkj;g la;qDr v/;;u vksd Q+kmaMs”ku ds lg;ksx ls tkxksjh] U;q dkWUlsIV bUQ+kWjes”ku flLVEl o ls¶+Vh fiu )kjk baLVhV~;wV QkWj VªkaliksVZs”ku ,.M MsoysiesaV ikWfylh ¼vkbZVhMhih½] l`tu QkmaMs”ku] izsj.kk Hkkjrh] ,dy ukjh l”kfDr laxBu ¼bZ,u,l,l½] efgyk eqfDr laLFkku] iznku] czsdFkwz] efgyk lkek[;k] efgyk vnkyr dh izfrfufèk] ?kjsyw dkexkjksa o efgyk ;kSu dehZ lewg dh lgHkkfxrk ls fd;k x;k gSA

dk;ZØe Hkkxhnkj vlksfl,”ku Q+kWj ,Moksdslh ,aM yhxy bfuf”k;sfVOl] lsaVj Q+kWj gSYFk ,aM lks”ky tfLVl] ,dy ukjh “kfDr laxBu] baLVhV~;wV Q+kWj VªkaliksVZs”ku ,aM MoyiesaV] efgyk lek[;k o l`tu Q+kmaMs”ku

tkxksjhtkxksjh efgykvksa dk ,d lanHkZ] izf”k{k.k ,oa MkWD;qesaVs”ku dsanz gS] vkSj ;g ,d U;k;iw.kZ lekt dh LFkkiuk dh lkewfgd izfØ;k esa lg;ksx nsus dh lksp }kjk funsZf”kr gSA tkxksjh dk mn~ns”; cM+s iSekus ij Hkkxhnkjksa vkSj “kgjh o xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds gkf”k;kc) efgyk usr`Roksa ds lkFk feydj efgyk vf/kdkjksa ds leFkZu eas ukjhoknh lksp dks vkSj xgjkbZ ls QSykuk gSA tkxksjh ds ckjs esa vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy,] vki gekjh osclkbV www.jagori.org, www.safedelhi.in ij laidZ dj ldrs gSaA

tkxksjh fnYyh dk;kZy;

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tkxksjh >kj[kaM dk;kZy;

C/O: “khyoarh lqjsu] izFke eaft+y] fp”kk;j gkse jksM] fudV% iwue LohV gkÅl] “kf”k fogkj] cfj;krq] jkaph& 834009] >kj[kaM VsfyQ+ksu% 08800229555] bZ&esy% safecities.jharkhand@jagori.org