http://www.fch.europa.eu/

JIVE & FC Bus projects

Enrique Girón

FCH 2 JU: Strong Public-Private Partnership with a focused objective

To implement an optimal

research and innovation

programme to bring FCH

technologies to the point of

market readiness by

2020

2

Industry-led Public-Private Partnership (PPP)

Legal basis:Council Regulation: 559/2014 of 6 May 2014 (H2020)

The Joint Undertaking is managed by a Governing Board composed of representatives of all three partners and lead by Industry.

Fuel Cells & Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH2 JU)

Industry GroupingClose to 100 members

~ 50% SME

Research GroupingOver 60 members

The use of hydrogen and fuel cells

FCH 2 JU Objectives

Reduce the production cost of fuel cell systems to be used in transport applications, while increasing their lifetime to levels which can compete with conventional technologies

Electro-mobility with the flexibility of diesel buses

CHALLENGES:

Air QualitySustainable Urban TransportClimate Change

SOLUTION:

Hydrogen Electro-mobility

Why choose fuel cell buses?

Source: CHIC Emerging Conclusions

High daily range300+ km without refuelling

Comfort for passengers and drivers…due to reduced noise levels and smooth driving experience

Operational flexibility…no need for new street infrastructure, rapid refuelling (<10 min)

CollaborationA European network of frontrunners in place willing to share their expertise

A concrete answer to ambitious policy targets set for transportdecarbonisation

Zero tailpipe emissions Only water emitted and CO2 emissions savings –linked to hydrogen production source

First steps: CHIC

8|LONDON

5|AARGAU

3|MILAN

5|OSLO

5|BOLZANO

5 European cities26 Buses deployedDuration:2010-201681.8 M€ Project budget25.88 M€ FCH JU funding23 partners: PTOs, OEMs, R&D, SMEs

4|HAMBURG

4|COLOGNE

FCH bus demonstration projects

AargauLondonCologneHamburgBolzanoMilanOsloAberdeenAntwerpLiguriaCherbourgRotterdamSouth HollandFlandersRome26

14

6

21

FCH JU Projects: Achievements and Challenges

Achievements• Efficient electric drivetrain

– Fuel economy on hybrid bus platforms

• As flexible as diesel buses– Full operations: 12-20 daily duties– Refuelling time

Challenges• Availability• Spare parts• Time to repair• Trained staff• Cost of FCBs, HRS/H2

Volumes bring lower costs and mature supply chain

Fuel Consumptionkg/100 km

20-24

8-12

- 50%

Refuelling Time -min

15-20

<10

Vehicle Cost

- 60%1.5-2M€

0.65M€

Baseline2008

FCHJU projects

NewBusFuel: large-scale hydrogen refuelling at bus depots

The NewBusFuel project ran from 01/06/15 to 31/03/17.

Objectives

The NewBusFuel project aimed to find solutions to challenges for large-scalerefuelling:

Scale – throughput >2,000kg/day (compared to 100kg/day for passenger carstations)

Ultra-high reliability – ensure 100% availability of H2 supply for publictransport networks

Fast refuelling – buses need to be refuelled in a short window Footprint – needs to be reduced to fit within busy urban bus depots Hydrogen storage – can exceed 10 tonnes and lead to new regulatory and

safety constraints

Source: NewBusFuel project – see http://newbusfuel.eu/publications/

NewBusFuel: large-scale hydrogen refuelling at bus depots

FCH JU: Bringing stakeholders together and drafting a roadmap to commercialisation

Study issued: 6/12/12

Study issued: 16/10/15

Ongoing work: • Joint procurement• Secure co-financing• Further outreach

go/no go

Create independentfact base and confirm feasibility alongvalue chain

Create European rollout scenario based on typical business cases

Develop frameworks , investment guidelines,and communicationtools

Milestone

go/no go

A B C

Milestone

go/no goROADMAP

EXECUTION

Bringing the numbers: JIVE - joint procurement

Germany –

51 FC buses

UK – 56 FC buses

Italy – 12 FC buses

Latvia – 10 FC buses

Denmark –10 FC buses

Objectiveso Deploy 139 FC buses

across nine cities

o Achieve 30% cost reduction versus state of the art

o Operate 50% of the vehicles for at least 36 months

o Deploy the largest capacity HRS in Europe

o Achieve near 100% reliability of HRS

o Demonstrate technological readiness of FC buses and HRS

o Encourage further uptake

A A

A A AA

Current FC buses

Future FC buses (other projects)

Future FC buses (Project JIVE)

Articulated bus (Project JIVE)A

JIVE: Joint Initiative for hydrogen Vehicles across Europe

JIVE began in January 2017 and will be a six year project

Fuel cell buses in cities participating in JIVE

In two stages: JIVE 2 project submitted in 2017 - 152 buses more

“JIVE 2” builds on the objectives of the “JIVE” project, which began in January 2017. See www.fch.europa.eu/news/launch-project-jive-large-scale-deployment-fuel-cell-buses-europe

UK Cluster

(88 FC buses)

Benelux Cluster(50 FC buses)

France Cluster(15 FC buses)

Northern / Eastern Europe Cluster(50 FC buses)

Germany / Italy Cluster

(88 FC buses)

0

50

100

5050

N. / E. EuropeGermany / Italy

88

France

15

Benelux UK

88

JIVE 2JIVEN

o. o

fFC

bus

es

Total = 291 new FC buses for Europe

ObjectivesDeploy 152 FC buses across 14 citiesAchieve a maximum price of €625k for a standard fuel cell busOperate buses for at least three years / 150,000 kmValidate large scale fleets in operationEnable new entrants to trial the technologyDemonstrate routes to low cost renewable H2

Stimulate further large scale uptake

JIVE 2: Joint Initiative for hydrogen Vehicles across Europe Phase 2

Commitments are being secured to deploy ca. 900 buses total by 2020

0 # of Units 100

Projections: up to a2B€ market appetite

DEPLOYED

PLANNED

Maturity of the Market

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0

200.000

400.000

600.000

800.000

1.000.000

1.200.000

1.400.000

1.600.000

1.800.000

2.000.000

Cumulative FCBs

Cost (€/FCB)

We can take the data from UK OEMs to create a vision of a future lifetime ownership cost for 12m single deck buses

PVR: peak vehicle requirement.

Note units are GBP (£)

Impact of >100 FC

buses made per year10% cost premium relative to diesel ICE

30% more buses

Powertrain: Diesel ICEDiesel hybrid

ICEBattery electric

Battery electric

Fuel cell electric

Fuel cell electric

Bus type: Single deck Single deck Single deck Single deck Single deck Single deckCost scenario: Current costs Current costs Mass-market Mass-market JIVE costs Mass-market

Bus availability % 90% 90% 90% 90% 90% 90%Additional vehicle requirement % 0% 0% 0% 30% 0% 0%

Bus capex £/bus 140,000 210,000 300,000 300,000 550,000 305,000Bus lifetime years 14 14 14 14 14 14

Powertrain overhaul capex £/bus 20,000 30,000 80,000 80,000 90,000 79,000Powertrain lifetime years 7 7 7 7 7 7

Bus drivetrain maintenance £/year/bus 10,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 30,000 15,000Diesel consumption l/100km 37 30

Electricity consumption kWh/100km 160 160Hydrogen consumption kg/100km 8.00 6.50

Diesel price £/litre 1.20 1.20Electricicty price £/kWh 0.10 0.10

Hydrogen price £/kg 9 7 ‒ 5Bus regular maintenance £/year/bus 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000

Driver salary £/year 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000Additional driver salary £/year/bus 0 0 0 24,000 0 0

Depot overheads £/year/bus 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000Infrastructure capex (overall) £ 800,000 800,000Infrastructure capex (per bus) £/bus 5,000 5,000

Infrastructure maintenance (overall) £/year 0 0Infrastructure maintenance (per bus) £/year/bus 3,000 3,000

Infrastructure lifetime years 14 14

Hydrogen refuelling station costs included in the

hydrogen price

The analysis for the UK case rests on the following key assumptions

Note: financing costs are not included in this analysis. Other costs (insurance, training, etc. are also excluded). Driver costs based on an assumption of two drivers per bus. Assumed annual mileage per bus is 70,000 km/yr in all cases.

If fuel cell bus costs fall as anticipated by certain OEMs, they will be able to compete with battery electric buses

Ownership cost analysis – insights

• The results above suggest that the fuel cell option can compete with the best case battery electric bus (i.e. battery buses offering one-for-one replacement of diesel buses) when production volumes of >100 vehicles per year per OEM are reached in the UK.

• This conclusion is based on several key assumptions:

o The reliability of fuel cell buses reaches a point where they can be considered direct (one-for-one) replacements for diesel buses.

o Fuel cell bus capital cost is reduced so that prices of c. £300,000 can be offered (comparable to the assumed price of battery electric buses under the “mass market” cost scenario.

o Fuel economy falls to approx. 6.5kgH2/100km (from c.8–9kgH2/100km seen in the CHIC project).

o Stack life is 7 years with a significant stack replacement at this point. Depending on how the bus is operated, this could correspond to c.30,000+ hours.

o All-inclusive hydrogen price of c.£5/kg – i.e. this price covers the cost of generating, storing, compressing, transporting (if necessary), and dispensing hydrogen to buses. It also needs to include some profit margin for the gas supplier.

• In practice, many of the costs assumed above will vary depending on details of the bus fleet operation and the depot in question (e.g. costs of energy, electricity grid upgrades, etc.). However, this simplified, generic analysis reveals that under certain conditions fuel cell buses appear to be an attractive choice on economic grounds (in addition to the operational benefits they offer).

Hydrogen fuel cell buses in Europe - conclusions

* Source: FCH JU’s 2016 Call for Tender: Procuring a study on Management of a Joint Procurement Strategy for Fuel Cell Buses (July 2016)

• The technology has been demonstrated in a range of real-world environments – millions of kilometres & thousands of refuelling events to date

• Key challenges to further adoption:– Improved availability of vehicles – to be achieved via the

ongoing demonstration projects– Cost reductions – vehicles and hydrogen fuel

• Procurement plans are in place for approximately 300 buses before 2020

• A commercialisation process is underway that could lead to competitive fuel cell buses in the 2020s

• “The FCH JU and the FC bus coalition have the strong conviction that a deployment of around 1,000 fuel cell electric buses will push costs to an acceptable level (close to hybrid buses and no or little need of subsidy)”*

FCH2 JU : HYDROGEN EUROPE : HYDROGEN EUROPE RESEARCH :

@fch_ju fch-ju@fch.europa.eu FCH JU

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

www.fch.europa.euwww.hydrogeneurope.eu

www.nerghy.eu

Further info :

Enrique GirónProject Manager

FCH JU STAKEHOLDER FORUM 2017

Join the FCH for the 10th year edition of the STAKEHOLDER FORUM

Stakeholder Forum: 22 November 2017 Steinbergher Hotel, Brussels

Program Review Days:23 and 24 November 2017Steinbergher Hotel, Brussels